CA1184756A - Substitute smoking tobacco product - Google Patents
Substitute smoking tobacco productInfo
- Publication number
- CA1184756A CA1184756A CA000423407A CA423407A CA1184756A CA 1184756 A CA1184756 A CA 1184756A CA 000423407 A CA000423407 A CA 000423407A CA 423407 A CA423407 A CA 423407A CA 1184756 A CA1184756 A CA 1184756A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dried
- leaves
- tobacco
- blossoms
- herb
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
A novel natural plant substitute for smoking tobacco is provided herein. In one embodiment, it includes dried angelica leaves; dried dittany leaves; dried licorice leaves; dried herb of pearly everlasting; dried leaves and/or blossoms of pussytoes; dried sunflower leaves; dried clover petals; dried broad leaves of coltsfoot; dried bearberry leaves; dried herbs and leaves of wild marjoram; dried and comminuted flowering nut of chervil; dried mixture of comminuted berries and leaves and roots of sumac; and dried powdered roots and blossoms of asters. It has been found that this smoking tobacco substitute has a good natural flavour and has smoking characteristics similar to tobacco without the well-known hazardous characteristics.
Description
This invention relates in general to smoking tobacco substi-tutes and in particular to a physical, chemical and psychological substi-tute for a natural tobacco product without employing any natural tobacco material.
It is well known that tobacco contains many components that are hazardous to the health of individuals. Accordingly, tobacco substitute or synthetic smoking materials have been known for some time. Tobacco sub-stitutes desirably have a number of properties which are analogous to those of natural tobacco. For example, tobacco substitutes should have burning characteristics which are compatible with natural tobacco. Some otherwise suitable tobacco substitute compositions burn too rapidly or at too high a temperature to be suitable for use as smokeable items. In order to overcome this disadvantage, additive constituents~ e.g., hydrated alumina, have been incorporated into the reconstituted tobacco as combustion control or burning rate control agents.
Another problem with many tobacco substitute compositions is that they tend to "bloom" upon combustion. Blooming occurs when the ash expands, becomes incoherent and disintegrates. Often in cigarettes containing blends of tobacco and tobacco substitutes, rather than fonning a natural-appearing coherent ash, the filament or ribbon-like ashes of the tobacco and tobacco substitute particles separate and pee] out Erom the center of the ash causing blooming. The expancled ash has a very unattractive appearance and is weakened to the degree that large hot particles flake off. Another characteristic of such an ash is its tendency to fall off prematurely with little or no agitation of the cigarette.
Various materials are known to affect ashing properties and in some instances, fibrous materials have served both to support the ash ~\
5~
after combustion and to impart strength to the substitute sheet. Fibrous materials used to support tobacco substitute ash include asbestos (now known to be hazardous to health) or cellulosic materials, e.g., cellulose gauze treated with a flameproofing agent.
Many attempts have been made to utilize cellulosic materials, e.g., alpha-cellulose, as smoking materials to be used as tobacco replace-ments or supplements. However, alpha-cellulose and similar materials, in untreated form, have not been found to be entirely satisfactory materials, either with regard to their burning characteristics or with regard to certain other properties. Attempts have been rnade to modify cellulose by oxidative techniques, by heat techniques and by the addition of various materials to modify the properties of the cellulose. Despite these many techniques, cellulose has not been found to be comp]etely satisfactory as a smoking material.
In one manner of providing a tobacco substitute, it has been proposed to take ordinary wood pulp, form a paper sheet therefrom, and saturate such a sheet with an extract of natural tobacco. The extract has been prepared by taking tobacco waste, comprising broken leaf parts and stem parts and subjecting this waste to extraction with stem. Since many of the constituents of tobacco that give it the characteristic arorna, flavour and colour are not soluble in water they are not extracted, so that the extract is not a representative composition of the ingredients in the native dried tobacco. Therefore, it is not surprising that ordinary paper saturated with such a partial extract is deficient as a tobacco sub-stitute and has an off-colour, an objectionable taste and insufficient aroma. Further, since such a product has, in fact, certain ingredients of natural tobacco, it is classifiable under tariff regulations as a "tobacco"
'71~
product and is subject to the same high duties and taxes as the whole stuff of the tobacco plant. No economic or soclal advances are made by the use of such paper-treated products.
Cellulose has been oxidized by treatment with nitrogen dioxide and similar materials. For example, U.S. Patent 3,461,879 relates to tobacco substitutes in which the combustible portion is oxidized cellulose or is an oxidized material which contains a significant percentage or alpha-cellulose. The theory behind such treatments is believed to involve the oxidation of the primary hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecule to form carboxyl groups in their place. The oxidation of the cellulose is said to have the effect of reducing the delivery or TPM (total particulate matter) from the cellulose and to also produce a more desirab]e taste in the smoke.
~lowever, such oxidation, for example with nitrogen dioxide, involves relatively high equipment investment and operating costs and does not produce an entirely satisfactory product.
In addition, various heat treatments have been tried, in attempts to improve the burning properties of cellulose. For example, U.S. Patents 3,705,589 and 3,545,448 relate to heat-treated cellulosic materials for use in smoking products. However, the materials produced by such treatments have also not been found to be totally satisfactory.
Cornpositions which have included certain types of untreated cellulose in combination with other materials, for example as described in U.S. Patent 3,807,414 have also not been found to provide all of the desired effects.
The typical tobacco substitutes described in, e.g., U.S. Patents Nos. 2,809,904; 3,410,276; 3,461,879; 3,477,865; and 3,732,392 generally s~
comprise a binder, a fibrous filler, e.g., as asbestos or kraft pulp, to impart strength to the tobacco substitute sheet and a combustion control or burning rate modifying agent. In some instances, substitutes may also require an ash control agent.
U.S. Patent 1,33~,752 provides a fluid for treating tobacco leaves or like plants. The fluid is obtained by boiling resin in a solvent of NaCl and by boiling the same in a solvent of NaHCO, and a solution of organic salt of iron.
U.S. Patent 1,680,860 provides a smokeable tobacco substitute and process using eucalyptus, adding glycerine or honey or molasses (as a hydroscopic agent to prevent drying out of the end product). KN03 is used in an aqueous solution to treat leaves to augment flagration of the end product so that it is made useable for cigarettes and for pipe smoking purposes. The leaves are air dried, crushed between rollers, macerated in KN03 solution for three hours, drained and put in a pressure vessel at 100-200F for three hours. The leaves are then compressed and heated up to 212F, then shredded as filler.
U.S. Patent 2,576,021 provides wood pulp to make a paper sheet and then soak it with tobacco extract to make a tobacco substitute and provide an improvement using fibers of bagasse preferably sugar cane bagasse preferred over wood pulp, cotton linen, ramie, sisal and other simi]ar fibers because it has a chemical composition similar to tobacco in respect to cellulose, gums, fats and waxes. The process involves washing the sheet and treating it with NaOH or other alkali, and forms a sheet using Fourdrinier equipment. Certain substances can be added to impart desired taste, aroma and colour.
'75~ii Specifically, this patentee provided substitute for tobacco consisting of a sheeted product containing no natural tobacco and consisting of bagasse and agents which impart to the product the flavour, aroma and appearance of natural tobacco, said agents including a sugar, an aliphatic hydroxy acid, an amino acid, a hygroscopic aliphatic polyhydric alcohol, a natural water-soluble ester gum, an essential oil and an organic water-soluble colouring matter, the bagasse being present in the product in an amount greater than said agents and in the form of a mixture containing from about 25% to 50% by weight of relatively short fibres and from about 50/0 to 75% by weight of relatively long fibres, said product having sub-stantially the same burning characteristics as dried natural tobacco.
V.S. 2,907,686 provide a tobacco substitute, an elongated cylinder made by charring a piece of wood, to produce charcoal. The wood is charred in the absence of air at 250-800 C (4-6 hours). The product may include carrier for flavouring agent: charcoal, Fuller's earth, natural or activated clays; aromatic flavouring agent: natural or synthetlc oils, e.g., vanilla, eucalyptol, octyl acetate, isoamyl isovalerate. A smoke-forming agent, preferably an edible solid or liquid, e.g., glycerol, glycerol monoacetate, may be added. Coal tar colours may also be added. Ash-Eorming agent may be from a high ash source or may result from soaking a low ash source with a solution of ash-producing inorganic salts, e.g., ZnCl2, Ca(OH)2, KOH
or K2C03, MgO, A1203. Coating agents, e.g., sugar solutions or hard gum or resin may also be used.
U.S. Patent 3,369,551 provide a tobacco substitute base found by extracting plant leaves with water or an organic solvent with many additives listed. Dried materials are toasted to a golden brown colour and treated with appropriate additives.
7 5 ~
U.S. Patent 3,461,879 provide a tobacco substitute constituting oxidized cellulose in combination with a hydrated metal compound, for example magnesium citrate, hydrated alumina, calcium tartrate or magnesium sulfate. When hydrated metal compounds, for example magnesium sulfate or the other materials set forth in this patent are employed, the burning rate of the cellulose has been found to approach that of ordinary cured tobacco leaves and a more pleasant taste and aroma have been found to be produced in connection with the sidestream and mainstream of the tobacco smoke. Furthermore, the resulting ash has been found to be more satis-factory.
U.S. Patent 3,545,448 provide a smoking material comprising a carbohydrate material, e.g., cellulose, which is thermally degraded at 100-250C until a weight loss of at least 10% has occurred, the degradation taking place in the presence of a strong mineral acid catalyst or in the presence of a salt of such strong acid with a wealc base. The patent indicates that especially useful carbohydrate materials include alpha-cellulose, cel]ulose derivatives e.g., methyl cellulose, various polysac-charides and various gums.
U.S. Patent 3,556,109 provide a smoking material made from oxidized cellulose with various salts.
U.S. Patent 3,556,110 provide a smoking material made from oxidized cellulose with various salts.
U.S. Patent 3,559,655 provide a smoking material made from oxidized cellulose with various salts.
U.S. Patent 3,612,063 provide a smoking material made of oxidized cellulose combined with organic salts of potassium, lithium and copper, such as the oxalic, lactic, glycolic, diglycolic, pivalic or tannic acid salts, and with titanium dioxide.
U.S. Patent 3,638,660 provide a tobacco substitute material prepared from fibrous wood pulp containing at least 90% of alpha-cellulose which is lightly beaten to certain specifications and is then formed into a sheet having a density of 12-35 pounds per cubic foot. The beaten fibrous wood pulp is, during the formation of the sheet, combined with certain combustion modifiers, namely the sulfates of magnesium, sodium and potassium or the chlorides of potassium and magnesium or the carbonates and bicar-bonates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and aluminum or potassium nitrate, ferric oxide, ferric hydroxide, alumina, the citrates and acetates of magnesium and glyconic acid. In the patent, it is stated that best results are obtained when cellulose is combined with hydrated magnesium sulfate and certain burning sustainers, namely potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate9 potassium nitrate and ferric oxide or hydroxide.
Other burning sustainers are the potassium, sodium, magnesium and ammonium carbonates or bicarbonates. It is also stated that various flavours and humectants, as well as nicotine or other alkaloids, may be introduced into the sheet. It is further stated that ammonium compounds and various colouring agents may a]so be incorporated in the sheet. It is also stated that the presence of ammonia (for example in the form of ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate) is believed to inhibit the production of 3,4-benzpyrene.
U.S. Patent 3,640,285 provide a cigarette paper which is loaded with ca]cium oxalate or certain other alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, which may be added as such or formed in situ in the paper.
U.S. Patent 3,720,660 provide oxidiæed cellulose and other poly-saccharides, wherein the cellulose is reacted with such materials as strong acids~ e.g., ~2S04, with nitrosyl chloride and the like.
U.S. Patent 3,812,864 provide a smoking material which is prepared by employing a combination of vinyl methyl ether: maleic anhydride copoly-mers with cer~ain particulate inorganic materials (for example, calcium carbonates) and with a secondary combustible material which may be tobacco dust9 cellulose, pectins, natural gums or the like.
U.S. Patent-3,874,390 provide a smokeable product formed by heating cellulose to 150-300C to obtain a degree of degradation of 5-30%
by weight and combining the resulting degraded or carbonized cellulose with an inorganic filler which may be a hydroxide, an oxide or a hydrated oxide of aluminum, iron or silicon, to form a slurry which may then be cast into a sheet or ultimate use as a smoking material.
U.S. Patent 3,924,642 provide a smokeable product having a cel-lulose based combustible material containing a chelate compound incorporated in an amount from .5 to 70% by weight of combustible material. The product may also contain fillers, compounds which split off ammonia, oxidizing agents, ammonium salts of polymeric acids, low sulfur content proteins and/
or tobacco extracts.
V.S. Patent 3,931,824 provide a smoking product which incorporates carboxymetllyl cellulose as a portion of its filler.
U.S. Patent 3,965,911 provide a tobacco substitute smoking material comprising an organic combustible material as a smoke-producing fuel, and protein. The organic combustible material may be a smoke-producing carbohydrate, such as alpha-cellulose, cellulose derivatives, sugars, starch, 75~
a]ginate, pectin, or natural gum.
German Offenlegungsschrift 2,2629829 provide as a smokeable product a cellulose sheet having added thereto a metal chelate of the type represented by magnesium aluminum citrate and magnesium iron citrate.
Canadian Patent 1,066,496 provided a tobacco substitute comprising an organic binder; an ash stabilizer comprising boric oxide, boron oxyacids, or ammonium, alkali metal or a]kaline earth metal salts of boron oxyacids9 a bloom control agent comprising from about ]0% to about 40% by weight of tobacco fines; and an inorganic fi]ler. These tobacco substitutes may be employed in admixture with natural tobacco in arnounts up to about 50% by weight, preferably about 3% to about 50% by weight.
Oanadian Patent 1,135,949 provides an improved synthetic smoking material comprising a cellulosic material containing calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum salts. While the cellulosic material, e.g., alpha-cel-lulose, may be used in sheet or particulate form and the like, the process preferably comprises forming an aqueous slurry of the cellulosic material, desirably in the form of loose and slightly beaten cellulose fibers in water, then adding the above-mentioned salts to the slurry, casting the same and thereafter drying , conditioning and slitting the resulting sheet to produce a low tar filler material.
Processes also known for the procluction of tobacco substitutes.
In one such known process, coarsely comminuted tobacco materials, in par-ticular ribs and wastes, are admixed with a small amount of liquid and kneaded. The resultant crumbly, moist mass is then subsequently pressed at a pressure in excess of 161 kg/cm to form flakes. These are tobacco structures of large surface area which must be recut subsequently to the _ g _ 4'~5~
sizes necessary to be added to cigar fillers or to cigarette tobacco.
The flakes produced during this process are flat like paper and have only a low filling capacity. The mechanical expenditure for achieving the high pressures and the consumption of energy required during pressing or rolling is high. Furthermore, the subsequent cutting operation is also disadvant-ageous because the knives are subject to a high amount of wear which necessitates frequent replacement of the knives.
Another process is known in which the starting products are ground very fine in size, in part even in colloidal size, and are admixed with large amounts of liquid. The thin slurry obtained according to this process, known as the slurry process, is then measured out in a thin layer on a drying belt and is dried to form a foil. Insofar as this foil is supposed to be used as a filled for cigars or cigarettes, it must be cut again subsequently hereto. Although no pressure is employed in this process, the consumption of energy is nevertheless very high because large amounts of liquid must be removed from the mass. In addition, the above-mentioned difficulties again arise when the foil is cut. Furthermore, this process produces a thin paper-like product with a low filling capacity.
Up to now the dried, band-like foils were generally cut longi-tudinally and transversely into large pieces at the end of the transport belt by cutting devices. This cutting causes a relatively great amount of wear to the cutting knives, in particular in the case of artificial tobaccos which contain greater amounts of inorganic additives.
A suggestion taught by U.S. Patent 3,713,358 intends avoiding the disadvantages of the afore-cited process. In so doing, special ref-erence is made to the corroslon problems when cutting the finished foils '75~i into large pieces as is common nowadays. This suggestion proposes cutting the flexible foils at 8 - 12% the moisture content subsequeilt to leaving an endless belt by means of a plurality of paral]el knives and belt devices to form pieces in the shape of a parallelogram. The great amount of wear of the cutting knives and the resultant frequent sharpening of the same are not eliminated by this proposal. ~urthermore, the pieces produced in this manner attract attention in an undesirable way due to the uniform regular geometrical shapes and the resultant unnatural appearance between the natural tobaccos. In addition, they have a paper-like shape, but do not have good filling capacity as is also the case in the afore-cited artificial structures.
Canadian Patent 9g6,206 provides smokeable, substantially homo-geneous flakes of reconstituted tobacco where the flakes are characterized in that they have an irregularly wavy configuration, irregular dimensions with substantially non~rectilinear edges and visible porous properties, a high filling capacity when used as cigar or cigarette filler as well as the same colour on both sides. Those are obtainable by deforming a moist mass containing tobacco and/or tobacco substitutes between a rotating transport surface and a counterpart surface to form a flat structure, by pushing apart the flat structure located on the transport surface and not yet dried to its final moisture content and being in a p]astic state into flake or leaf shape by means of an element provided with separating forms in a squeezing operation for separation purposes and by removing the structures from the transport surface immediately thereafter and drying them to their final moisture content.
Among the many other proposals which have been made to provide a tobacco substitute, are the subject matter of the following patents:
75~
Canadian Patents 672 ? 599 8~4,893 844,894 907,452 908,533 919,543 923,006 934,263 934,632 949,414 961,368 992,427 995,549 and997,644 ~nited States Patents 328,300 De Susini October 13, 1885 1,3 ,752 Hagino March 23, 1920 1,352,421 Alsina et al September 14, 1920 1,818,897 Kumagawa August 11, 1931 , ,866 Rooker June 5, 1934 1, 68,403 Kinker July 31, 1934 1,983,530 Brandenberger December 11, 1934
It is well known that tobacco contains many components that are hazardous to the health of individuals. Accordingly, tobacco substitute or synthetic smoking materials have been known for some time. Tobacco sub-stitutes desirably have a number of properties which are analogous to those of natural tobacco. For example, tobacco substitutes should have burning characteristics which are compatible with natural tobacco. Some otherwise suitable tobacco substitute compositions burn too rapidly or at too high a temperature to be suitable for use as smokeable items. In order to overcome this disadvantage, additive constituents~ e.g., hydrated alumina, have been incorporated into the reconstituted tobacco as combustion control or burning rate control agents.
Another problem with many tobacco substitute compositions is that they tend to "bloom" upon combustion. Blooming occurs when the ash expands, becomes incoherent and disintegrates. Often in cigarettes containing blends of tobacco and tobacco substitutes, rather than fonning a natural-appearing coherent ash, the filament or ribbon-like ashes of the tobacco and tobacco substitute particles separate and pee] out Erom the center of the ash causing blooming. The expancled ash has a very unattractive appearance and is weakened to the degree that large hot particles flake off. Another characteristic of such an ash is its tendency to fall off prematurely with little or no agitation of the cigarette.
Various materials are known to affect ashing properties and in some instances, fibrous materials have served both to support the ash ~\
5~
after combustion and to impart strength to the substitute sheet. Fibrous materials used to support tobacco substitute ash include asbestos (now known to be hazardous to health) or cellulosic materials, e.g., cellulose gauze treated with a flameproofing agent.
Many attempts have been made to utilize cellulosic materials, e.g., alpha-cellulose, as smoking materials to be used as tobacco replace-ments or supplements. However, alpha-cellulose and similar materials, in untreated form, have not been found to be entirely satisfactory materials, either with regard to their burning characteristics or with regard to certain other properties. Attempts have been rnade to modify cellulose by oxidative techniques, by heat techniques and by the addition of various materials to modify the properties of the cellulose. Despite these many techniques, cellulose has not been found to be comp]etely satisfactory as a smoking material.
In one manner of providing a tobacco substitute, it has been proposed to take ordinary wood pulp, form a paper sheet therefrom, and saturate such a sheet with an extract of natural tobacco. The extract has been prepared by taking tobacco waste, comprising broken leaf parts and stem parts and subjecting this waste to extraction with stem. Since many of the constituents of tobacco that give it the characteristic arorna, flavour and colour are not soluble in water they are not extracted, so that the extract is not a representative composition of the ingredients in the native dried tobacco. Therefore, it is not surprising that ordinary paper saturated with such a partial extract is deficient as a tobacco sub-stitute and has an off-colour, an objectionable taste and insufficient aroma. Further, since such a product has, in fact, certain ingredients of natural tobacco, it is classifiable under tariff regulations as a "tobacco"
'71~
product and is subject to the same high duties and taxes as the whole stuff of the tobacco plant. No economic or soclal advances are made by the use of such paper-treated products.
Cellulose has been oxidized by treatment with nitrogen dioxide and similar materials. For example, U.S. Patent 3,461,879 relates to tobacco substitutes in which the combustible portion is oxidized cellulose or is an oxidized material which contains a significant percentage or alpha-cellulose. The theory behind such treatments is believed to involve the oxidation of the primary hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecule to form carboxyl groups in their place. The oxidation of the cellulose is said to have the effect of reducing the delivery or TPM (total particulate matter) from the cellulose and to also produce a more desirab]e taste in the smoke.
~lowever, such oxidation, for example with nitrogen dioxide, involves relatively high equipment investment and operating costs and does not produce an entirely satisfactory product.
In addition, various heat treatments have been tried, in attempts to improve the burning properties of cellulose. For example, U.S. Patents 3,705,589 and 3,545,448 relate to heat-treated cellulosic materials for use in smoking products. However, the materials produced by such treatments have also not been found to be totally satisfactory.
Cornpositions which have included certain types of untreated cellulose in combination with other materials, for example as described in U.S. Patent 3,807,414 have also not been found to provide all of the desired effects.
The typical tobacco substitutes described in, e.g., U.S. Patents Nos. 2,809,904; 3,410,276; 3,461,879; 3,477,865; and 3,732,392 generally s~
comprise a binder, a fibrous filler, e.g., as asbestos or kraft pulp, to impart strength to the tobacco substitute sheet and a combustion control or burning rate modifying agent. In some instances, substitutes may also require an ash control agent.
U.S. Patent 1,33~,752 provides a fluid for treating tobacco leaves or like plants. The fluid is obtained by boiling resin in a solvent of NaCl and by boiling the same in a solvent of NaHCO, and a solution of organic salt of iron.
U.S. Patent 1,680,860 provides a smokeable tobacco substitute and process using eucalyptus, adding glycerine or honey or molasses (as a hydroscopic agent to prevent drying out of the end product). KN03 is used in an aqueous solution to treat leaves to augment flagration of the end product so that it is made useable for cigarettes and for pipe smoking purposes. The leaves are air dried, crushed between rollers, macerated in KN03 solution for three hours, drained and put in a pressure vessel at 100-200F for three hours. The leaves are then compressed and heated up to 212F, then shredded as filler.
U.S. Patent 2,576,021 provides wood pulp to make a paper sheet and then soak it with tobacco extract to make a tobacco substitute and provide an improvement using fibers of bagasse preferably sugar cane bagasse preferred over wood pulp, cotton linen, ramie, sisal and other simi]ar fibers because it has a chemical composition similar to tobacco in respect to cellulose, gums, fats and waxes. The process involves washing the sheet and treating it with NaOH or other alkali, and forms a sheet using Fourdrinier equipment. Certain substances can be added to impart desired taste, aroma and colour.
'75~ii Specifically, this patentee provided substitute for tobacco consisting of a sheeted product containing no natural tobacco and consisting of bagasse and agents which impart to the product the flavour, aroma and appearance of natural tobacco, said agents including a sugar, an aliphatic hydroxy acid, an amino acid, a hygroscopic aliphatic polyhydric alcohol, a natural water-soluble ester gum, an essential oil and an organic water-soluble colouring matter, the bagasse being present in the product in an amount greater than said agents and in the form of a mixture containing from about 25% to 50% by weight of relatively short fibres and from about 50/0 to 75% by weight of relatively long fibres, said product having sub-stantially the same burning characteristics as dried natural tobacco.
V.S. 2,907,686 provide a tobacco substitute, an elongated cylinder made by charring a piece of wood, to produce charcoal. The wood is charred in the absence of air at 250-800 C (4-6 hours). The product may include carrier for flavouring agent: charcoal, Fuller's earth, natural or activated clays; aromatic flavouring agent: natural or synthetlc oils, e.g., vanilla, eucalyptol, octyl acetate, isoamyl isovalerate. A smoke-forming agent, preferably an edible solid or liquid, e.g., glycerol, glycerol monoacetate, may be added. Coal tar colours may also be added. Ash-Eorming agent may be from a high ash source or may result from soaking a low ash source with a solution of ash-producing inorganic salts, e.g., ZnCl2, Ca(OH)2, KOH
or K2C03, MgO, A1203. Coating agents, e.g., sugar solutions or hard gum or resin may also be used.
U.S. Patent 3,369,551 provide a tobacco substitute base found by extracting plant leaves with water or an organic solvent with many additives listed. Dried materials are toasted to a golden brown colour and treated with appropriate additives.
7 5 ~
U.S. Patent 3,461,879 provide a tobacco substitute constituting oxidized cellulose in combination with a hydrated metal compound, for example magnesium citrate, hydrated alumina, calcium tartrate or magnesium sulfate. When hydrated metal compounds, for example magnesium sulfate or the other materials set forth in this patent are employed, the burning rate of the cellulose has been found to approach that of ordinary cured tobacco leaves and a more pleasant taste and aroma have been found to be produced in connection with the sidestream and mainstream of the tobacco smoke. Furthermore, the resulting ash has been found to be more satis-factory.
U.S. Patent 3,545,448 provide a smoking material comprising a carbohydrate material, e.g., cellulose, which is thermally degraded at 100-250C until a weight loss of at least 10% has occurred, the degradation taking place in the presence of a strong mineral acid catalyst or in the presence of a salt of such strong acid with a wealc base. The patent indicates that especially useful carbohydrate materials include alpha-cellulose, cel]ulose derivatives e.g., methyl cellulose, various polysac-charides and various gums.
U.S. Patent 3,556,109 provide a smoking material made from oxidized cellulose with various salts.
U.S. Patent 3,556,110 provide a smoking material made from oxidized cellulose with various salts.
U.S. Patent 3,559,655 provide a smoking material made from oxidized cellulose with various salts.
U.S. Patent 3,612,063 provide a smoking material made of oxidized cellulose combined with organic salts of potassium, lithium and copper, such as the oxalic, lactic, glycolic, diglycolic, pivalic or tannic acid salts, and with titanium dioxide.
U.S. Patent 3,638,660 provide a tobacco substitute material prepared from fibrous wood pulp containing at least 90% of alpha-cellulose which is lightly beaten to certain specifications and is then formed into a sheet having a density of 12-35 pounds per cubic foot. The beaten fibrous wood pulp is, during the formation of the sheet, combined with certain combustion modifiers, namely the sulfates of magnesium, sodium and potassium or the chlorides of potassium and magnesium or the carbonates and bicar-bonates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and aluminum or potassium nitrate, ferric oxide, ferric hydroxide, alumina, the citrates and acetates of magnesium and glyconic acid. In the patent, it is stated that best results are obtained when cellulose is combined with hydrated magnesium sulfate and certain burning sustainers, namely potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate9 potassium nitrate and ferric oxide or hydroxide.
Other burning sustainers are the potassium, sodium, magnesium and ammonium carbonates or bicarbonates. It is also stated that various flavours and humectants, as well as nicotine or other alkaloids, may be introduced into the sheet. It is further stated that ammonium compounds and various colouring agents may a]so be incorporated in the sheet. It is also stated that the presence of ammonia (for example in the form of ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate) is believed to inhibit the production of 3,4-benzpyrene.
U.S. Patent 3,640,285 provide a cigarette paper which is loaded with ca]cium oxalate or certain other alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, which may be added as such or formed in situ in the paper.
U.S. Patent 3,720,660 provide oxidiæed cellulose and other poly-saccharides, wherein the cellulose is reacted with such materials as strong acids~ e.g., ~2S04, with nitrosyl chloride and the like.
U.S. Patent 3,812,864 provide a smoking material which is prepared by employing a combination of vinyl methyl ether: maleic anhydride copoly-mers with cer~ain particulate inorganic materials (for example, calcium carbonates) and with a secondary combustible material which may be tobacco dust9 cellulose, pectins, natural gums or the like.
U.S. Patent-3,874,390 provide a smokeable product formed by heating cellulose to 150-300C to obtain a degree of degradation of 5-30%
by weight and combining the resulting degraded or carbonized cellulose with an inorganic filler which may be a hydroxide, an oxide or a hydrated oxide of aluminum, iron or silicon, to form a slurry which may then be cast into a sheet or ultimate use as a smoking material.
U.S. Patent 3,924,642 provide a smokeable product having a cel-lulose based combustible material containing a chelate compound incorporated in an amount from .5 to 70% by weight of combustible material. The product may also contain fillers, compounds which split off ammonia, oxidizing agents, ammonium salts of polymeric acids, low sulfur content proteins and/
or tobacco extracts.
V.S. Patent 3,931,824 provide a smoking product which incorporates carboxymetllyl cellulose as a portion of its filler.
U.S. Patent 3,965,911 provide a tobacco substitute smoking material comprising an organic combustible material as a smoke-producing fuel, and protein. The organic combustible material may be a smoke-producing carbohydrate, such as alpha-cellulose, cellulose derivatives, sugars, starch, 75~
a]ginate, pectin, or natural gum.
German Offenlegungsschrift 2,2629829 provide as a smokeable product a cellulose sheet having added thereto a metal chelate of the type represented by magnesium aluminum citrate and magnesium iron citrate.
Canadian Patent 1,066,496 provided a tobacco substitute comprising an organic binder; an ash stabilizer comprising boric oxide, boron oxyacids, or ammonium, alkali metal or a]kaline earth metal salts of boron oxyacids9 a bloom control agent comprising from about ]0% to about 40% by weight of tobacco fines; and an inorganic fi]ler. These tobacco substitutes may be employed in admixture with natural tobacco in arnounts up to about 50% by weight, preferably about 3% to about 50% by weight.
Oanadian Patent 1,135,949 provides an improved synthetic smoking material comprising a cellulosic material containing calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum salts. While the cellulosic material, e.g., alpha-cel-lulose, may be used in sheet or particulate form and the like, the process preferably comprises forming an aqueous slurry of the cellulosic material, desirably in the form of loose and slightly beaten cellulose fibers in water, then adding the above-mentioned salts to the slurry, casting the same and thereafter drying , conditioning and slitting the resulting sheet to produce a low tar filler material.
Processes also known for the procluction of tobacco substitutes.
In one such known process, coarsely comminuted tobacco materials, in par-ticular ribs and wastes, are admixed with a small amount of liquid and kneaded. The resultant crumbly, moist mass is then subsequently pressed at a pressure in excess of 161 kg/cm to form flakes. These are tobacco structures of large surface area which must be recut subsequently to the _ g _ 4'~5~
sizes necessary to be added to cigar fillers or to cigarette tobacco.
The flakes produced during this process are flat like paper and have only a low filling capacity. The mechanical expenditure for achieving the high pressures and the consumption of energy required during pressing or rolling is high. Furthermore, the subsequent cutting operation is also disadvant-ageous because the knives are subject to a high amount of wear which necessitates frequent replacement of the knives.
Another process is known in which the starting products are ground very fine in size, in part even in colloidal size, and are admixed with large amounts of liquid. The thin slurry obtained according to this process, known as the slurry process, is then measured out in a thin layer on a drying belt and is dried to form a foil. Insofar as this foil is supposed to be used as a filled for cigars or cigarettes, it must be cut again subsequently hereto. Although no pressure is employed in this process, the consumption of energy is nevertheless very high because large amounts of liquid must be removed from the mass. In addition, the above-mentioned difficulties again arise when the foil is cut. Furthermore, this process produces a thin paper-like product with a low filling capacity.
Up to now the dried, band-like foils were generally cut longi-tudinally and transversely into large pieces at the end of the transport belt by cutting devices. This cutting causes a relatively great amount of wear to the cutting knives, in particular in the case of artificial tobaccos which contain greater amounts of inorganic additives.
A suggestion taught by U.S. Patent 3,713,358 intends avoiding the disadvantages of the afore-cited process. In so doing, special ref-erence is made to the corroslon problems when cutting the finished foils '75~i into large pieces as is common nowadays. This suggestion proposes cutting the flexible foils at 8 - 12% the moisture content subsequeilt to leaving an endless belt by means of a plurality of paral]el knives and belt devices to form pieces in the shape of a parallelogram. The great amount of wear of the cutting knives and the resultant frequent sharpening of the same are not eliminated by this proposal. ~urthermore, the pieces produced in this manner attract attention in an undesirable way due to the uniform regular geometrical shapes and the resultant unnatural appearance between the natural tobaccos. In addition, they have a paper-like shape, but do not have good filling capacity as is also the case in the afore-cited artificial structures.
Canadian Patent 9g6,206 provides smokeable, substantially homo-geneous flakes of reconstituted tobacco where the flakes are characterized in that they have an irregularly wavy configuration, irregular dimensions with substantially non~rectilinear edges and visible porous properties, a high filling capacity when used as cigar or cigarette filler as well as the same colour on both sides. Those are obtainable by deforming a moist mass containing tobacco and/or tobacco substitutes between a rotating transport surface and a counterpart surface to form a flat structure, by pushing apart the flat structure located on the transport surface and not yet dried to its final moisture content and being in a p]astic state into flake or leaf shape by means of an element provided with separating forms in a squeezing operation for separation purposes and by removing the structures from the transport surface immediately thereafter and drying them to their final moisture content.
Among the many other proposals which have been made to provide a tobacco substitute, are the subject matter of the following patents:
75~
Canadian Patents 672 ? 599 8~4,893 844,894 907,452 908,533 919,543 923,006 934,263 934,632 949,414 961,368 992,427 995,549 and997,644 ~nited States Patents 328,300 De Susini October 13, 1885 1,3 ,752 Hagino March 23, 1920 1,352,421 Alsina et al September 14, 1920 1,818,897 Kumagawa August 11, 1931 , ,866 Rooker June 5, 1934 1, 68,403 Kinker July 31, 1934 1,983,530 Brandenberger December 11, 1934
2,171,986 Poetschke September 5, lg39 2, 1,830 Garber October 12, 1943 2,907,686
3,369,551 3,844,294 3,8~7,797 and4,147,172 Great Britain _ 325,125 February 13, 1930 1,299,296 1,298,354 1,312,483 Neverthe]ess, in spite of all these patents, not a single patent has provided a substitute smoking tobacco which simulates a natural tobacco product in taste, colour, aroma and burning characteristics without employing any part of the tobacco p]ant. None of these prior art patentS
provides a substltute smoking tobacco in which the total particulate matter, e.g., tar and nicotine, and the puff count of typical cigarettes using this material as substitute for tobacco is also desirably reduced.
None of these prior art patents provides a substitute tobacco which has a burn rate which is suitable for use in a smokeable product, which upon combustion, forms a stable, normal-appearing, non-blooming ash, and which does not impart undesirable taste to smokeable products, and may be econo-mically produced. Furthermore, not a single patent provided such smoking tobacco substitute which was not toxic, not cancer producing or forming, not poisonous, not habit forming, not mentally, physically or emotionally habit forming and yet which is easy to produce and can have optional characteristics to please individual tastes.
It is an object of an aspect of the invention to provide a sub-stitute smoking tobacco in sheet form or granulated form having the physical characteristics of a natural tobacco product without containing any natural tobacco materia.
An object of another aspect of this invention is to provide a substitute smoking tobacco formed entirely of herbaceous naturally-occur-ring material which has flavour, aroma and burn characteristics similar to those of natural tobacco.
By one broad aspect of this invention, a smoking tobacco for cigarettes is provided consisting essentially of:
_ 13 -5~
(a) dried angelica leaves;
(b) dried dittany ]eaves;
(c) dried ]icorice leaves;
(d) dried herb of pearly ever]asting;
(e) dried ].eaves and/or blossorns of pussytoes;
(f) dried sunflower leaves;
(g) dried clover petals;
(h) dried broad leaves of coltsfoot;
(i) dried bearberry leaves;
(j) dried herbs and leaves of wild marjoram;
(k) dried and comminuted flowering nut of chervil;
(1) dried rnixture of comminuted berries and leaves and roots of sumac;
and (m) dried powdered roots and blossoms of asters.
By a variant thereof, the smoking tobacco substitute inc].udes in addition, at least one of:
(n) the dried herb oE woodruff;
(o) the dried leaves of wild lettuce.
By another variant, the srnoking tobacco substitute includes, in addition, at least one of:
(p) the dried leaves of yerba santa;
(q) the dried inner ]eaf stalk of artichoke cardoon;
(r) the dried ]eaves and b]ossoms of lilac;
(s) the dried leaves of huckleberry and/or b]ueberry;
(t) the dried leaves and blossoms of chickweed;
(u) the dried blossoms of sweet pea;
(v) the dried flowers of carnations;
(w) the dried f]owers and leaves of violets;
(x) the dried flowers of pansy;
(y) the dried petals and buds of rose;
~z) the dried powdered root and leaves of valerian;
(aa) the dried flower heads of pineapp].e weed;
and (bb) the dried leaves and bark of wild rose.
~y a specific variant, the smoking tobacco substitute consists essentially of the following ingredients, in parts per 100:
50.0000 Angelica [dried leaves];
2.0000 Dittany [dried leaves];
. lo.oooo Licorice [dried leaves];
3.5000 Pearly Everlasting [dried herb];
2.0040 Pussytoes [dried blossom and leaves];
0.0950 Sassafras [aromatic bark and dried root];
5.0000 Sunflower [dried leaves];
12.9000 Sweet Clover [dried petals];
provides a substltute smoking tobacco in which the total particulate matter, e.g., tar and nicotine, and the puff count of typical cigarettes using this material as substitute for tobacco is also desirably reduced.
None of these prior art patents provides a substitute tobacco which has a burn rate which is suitable for use in a smokeable product, which upon combustion, forms a stable, normal-appearing, non-blooming ash, and which does not impart undesirable taste to smokeable products, and may be econo-mically produced. Furthermore, not a single patent provided such smoking tobacco substitute which was not toxic, not cancer producing or forming, not poisonous, not habit forming, not mentally, physically or emotionally habit forming and yet which is easy to produce and can have optional characteristics to please individual tastes.
It is an object of an aspect of the invention to provide a sub-stitute smoking tobacco in sheet form or granulated form having the physical characteristics of a natural tobacco product without containing any natural tobacco materia.
An object of another aspect of this invention is to provide a substitute smoking tobacco formed entirely of herbaceous naturally-occur-ring material which has flavour, aroma and burn characteristics similar to those of natural tobacco.
By one broad aspect of this invention, a smoking tobacco for cigarettes is provided consisting essentially of:
_ 13 -5~
(a) dried angelica leaves;
(b) dried dittany ]eaves;
(c) dried ]icorice leaves;
(d) dried herb of pearly ever]asting;
(e) dried ].eaves and/or blossorns of pussytoes;
(f) dried sunflower leaves;
(g) dried clover petals;
(h) dried broad leaves of coltsfoot;
(i) dried bearberry leaves;
(j) dried herbs and leaves of wild marjoram;
(k) dried and comminuted flowering nut of chervil;
(1) dried rnixture of comminuted berries and leaves and roots of sumac;
and (m) dried powdered roots and blossoms of asters.
By a variant thereof, the smoking tobacco substitute inc].udes in addition, at least one of:
(n) the dried herb oE woodruff;
(o) the dried leaves of wild lettuce.
By another variant, the srnoking tobacco substitute includes, in addition, at least one of:
(p) the dried leaves of yerba santa;
(q) the dried inner ]eaf stalk of artichoke cardoon;
(r) the dried ]eaves and b]ossoms of lilac;
(s) the dried leaves of huckleberry and/or b]ueberry;
(t) the dried leaves and blossoms of chickweed;
(u) the dried blossoms of sweet pea;
(v) the dried flowers of carnations;
(w) the dried f]owers and leaves of violets;
(x) the dried flowers of pansy;
(y) the dried petals and buds of rose;
~z) the dried powdered root and leaves of valerian;
(aa) the dried flower heads of pineapp].e weed;
and (bb) the dried leaves and bark of wild rose.
~y a specific variant, the smoking tobacco substitute consists essentially of the following ingredients, in parts per 100:
50.0000 Angelica [dried leaves];
2.0000 Dittany [dried leaves];
. lo.oooo Licorice [dried leaves];
3.5000 Pearly Everlasting [dried herb];
2.0040 Pussytoes [dried blossom and leaves];
0.0950 Sassafras [aromatic bark and dried root];
5.0000 Sunflower [dried leaves];
12.9000 Sweet Clover [dried petals];
4.0000 Coltsfoot and Sweetcoltsfoot [dried broad leaves];
4.5000 Bearberry [dried leaves];
1.0000 Wild Marjoram ~herb and leaves];
0.0005 Woodruff [dried herb];
2.0000 Chervil [flowering herb];
1.0036 Smooth Sumac and Staghorn Sumac [dry red berries with dried sumac leaves and roots];
75~
and 2.0005 Woodland and Meadow asters [dried and powdered roots and b~ossoms];
]00.0000 and up to 0.005 parts of the tDtal of dried leaves of wild ]ettuce.
In preparing the smoking tobacco substitutes of aspects of this invention, the various ingredients in dried, comminuted form are thorough-ly mixed. When moistened, after mixing, it has been found that the mix-ture can be pressed into a coherent sheet having a thickness of 0.005 inch (the average thickness of a dried tobacco leaf) and that such sheet will have substantially the same burning characteristics as those of the dried tobacco leaf. To be used as tobacco for cigarettes, the sheet is comminu-ted, as is well known for a true tobacco leaf.
By various combinations of moisture content and pressing pres-sure, the smoking tobacco substitute of aspeCtS of this invention can be formed into a sheet of controlled burning characteristics. The burning rate is a function of porosity, density, moisture content and organic material. It is possible readily to control the density, moisture content, and essential and optional materials in subsequent processing.
EXAM _ In one example of the smoking tobacco substitute of one aspect of this invention, the following ingredients were intermixed well and treated as described above.
Parts per 100 50. Ange~ica (Angelica atrop rpured)- The dried leaves were used to impart fragrance and on aromatic component as well as taste.
2. Dittany (Cunila Oreganoides) - The dried leaves before flowering were used. This plant is of the mint family and is used for fragrance and aroma.
Licorice (~lycyrrhiza glabra) - The dried leaves and rootstock were used. This imparts flavour and mixes well and stores well.
3.5 "Pearly Everlasting - (Anaphalis margaritaced) - The dried herb was used. It has a fragrance similar to hickory and is easy on the throat.
2.004 Pussytoes (Antennaria neglecta and spp.)- The dried blossoms and leaves were used. This imparts a fine quality to the tobacco substitute. This is a ladies' favourite.
0.095 Sassafras (Sassafras albidum and spp.) - The aromatic bark and dried root were used. This imparts a spray fragrance.
Sunflower (He]ianthus spp.) - The dried leaves were used. This imparts colour and taste.
12.9 Sweet Clover (Melilotus-spp.)- [especially - red clover (Trifolium pratense Linn)]
The dried petals were used. This imparts mildness and flavour and is easy on the throat.
4 Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara~ and Sweetcoltsfoot (petasites palmata and spp.) - The dried broad leaves were used. This is easy on the throat and nerves and is a fine cut.
4.5 Bearberry (Kinnikinnick, Arctoslyphlos uva-ursi) - The dried leaves of the member of the heath family were used. It is mild, and provides fragrance and flavour.
, l.O Wild Marjoram (Origanum vulgare) - The herb and leaves were used.
- This imparts f]avour and fragrance and aids respiratory ailments.
0.0005 Woodruff (Asperula odorats) - The dried llerb was used to provide an excellent fragrance.
2. Chervil - (Anthriscus cerefolium) - The flowering herb was used to provide a spray aroma.
1.0036 Smooth sumac (Rhus globra) and Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina and ) - The dried red berries were mixed with dried sumac leaves and roots. This provides a good cure.
2.0005 Woodland and meadow asters (Aster novae - angleae and Spe.) -The dried and powdered roots and blossoms were used to provide an aromatic bouquet.
7S~
In addition, 0.0005 parts of the dried leaves of wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa, spp.) were added to the total mixture.
In addition, the smoking tobacco substitute may contain one or more of the following:
Yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum) - This is aromatic and aids respiratory ailments.
Artichoke cardoon (~ ym-s c6rdunculus, LINN NØ Composite) The dried inner leaf stalk is used.
Lilac blossoms - (all species) (springa vu]garis NØ Oleaceae) -The dried leaves and blossoms were used.
Huckleberry (all species) and blueberry (Vacc_nium sp~) (all species). The dried leaves were used.
Chickweed (all species Stellarid media cyrill NØ caryophyl-laceae - The dried leaves and blossoms were used.
- Sweet pea blossoms Carnations Violets (viola odorola (LINN) NØ Violacea~ (over 200 species)-The dried flowers, dried leaves and fresh whole plant may be used for aroma.
Pansy Rose petals Rose buds ~ Wild licorice (Glycorrhiæa lepidota) - The aromatic and sweetish rootstock, long fleshy roots were used.
Clover (Trifolium species) - The dried roots were sweet and may be used.
Mountain valerian (Valeriana dioica L ~ V sitclaensis Bong Valerian family Valerianacease) - The powdered or shredded roots and leaves of this plant are used as a flavouring.
Pineapple Wood (Matricaria matricarioides (Less) Porta (asteraceae or compositae) - The flower heads were used to provide a nice aroma.
Dwarf wild rose (Rosa gymnocarpa) - The dried leaves and bark were used.
'7~6 Pot-Pourri (flowers and leaves) aroma and fragrance can be inc]uded by adding various amounts,according to preference, of bay leaves, lavender (fine cut), rose(s), leaves and buds, carnations, cinnamon, rosemary (fine cut), cloves, rnajoram, Bergamot, pineapple weed, mint, peppermints, orange and/or lemon rind, oil of garlic, oil of cloves, minced dates or raisins.
It is noted that to simulate the taste, aroma and colour of a natural tobacco product, the smoking tobacco substitute includes the above described combinations. Thus, some of the above-mentioned classes of plants contribute to taste, aroma or colour and some have a dual func-tion but it has been found that the combination of all these classes imparts the characteristics of natural cured tobacco.
It has been found that these tobacco substitutes have a good natural flavour and smoking characteristics similar to tobacco without the hazardous characteristics.
4.5000 Bearberry [dried leaves];
1.0000 Wild Marjoram ~herb and leaves];
0.0005 Woodruff [dried herb];
2.0000 Chervil [flowering herb];
1.0036 Smooth Sumac and Staghorn Sumac [dry red berries with dried sumac leaves and roots];
75~
and 2.0005 Woodland and Meadow asters [dried and powdered roots and b~ossoms];
]00.0000 and up to 0.005 parts of the tDtal of dried leaves of wild ]ettuce.
In preparing the smoking tobacco substitutes of aspects of this invention, the various ingredients in dried, comminuted form are thorough-ly mixed. When moistened, after mixing, it has been found that the mix-ture can be pressed into a coherent sheet having a thickness of 0.005 inch (the average thickness of a dried tobacco leaf) and that such sheet will have substantially the same burning characteristics as those of the dried tobacco leaf. To be used as tobacco for cigarettes, the sheet is comminu-ted, as is well known for a true tobacco leaf.
By various combinations of moisture content and pressing pres-sure, the smoking tobacco substitute of aspeCtS of this invention can be formed into a sheet of controlled burning characteristics. The burning rate is a function of porosity, density, moisture content and organic material. It is possible readily to control the density, moisture content, and essential and optional materials in subsequent processing.
EXAM _ In one example of the smoking tobacco substitute of one aspect of this invention, the following ingredients were intermixed well and treated as described above.
Parts per 100 50. Ange~ica (Angelica atrop rpured)- The dried leaves were used to impart fragrance and on aromatic component as well as taste.
2. Dittany (Cunila Oreganoides) - The dried leaves before flowering were used. This plant is of the mint family and is used for fragrance and aroma.
Licorice (~lycyrrhiza glabra) - The dried leaves and rootstock were used. This imparts flavour and mixes well and stores well.
3.5 "Pearly Everlasting - (Anaphalis margaritaced) - The dried herb was used. It has a fragrance similar to hickory and is easy on the throat.
2.004 Pussytoes (Antennaria neglecta and spp.)- The dried blossoms and leaves were used. This imparts a fine quality to the tobacco substitute. This is a ladies' favourite.
0.095 Sassafras (Sassafras albidum and spp.) - The aromatic bark and dried root were used. This imparts a spray fragrance.
Sunflower (He]ianthus spp.) - The dried leaves were used. This imparts colour and taste.
12.9 Sweet Clover (Melilotus-spp.)- [especially - red clover (Trifolium pratense Linn)]
The dried petals were used. This imparts mildness and flavour and is easy on the throat.
4 Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara~ and Sweetcoltsfoot (petasites palmata and spp.) - The dried broad leaves were used. This is easy on the throat and nerves and is a fine cut.
4.5 Bearberry (Kinnikinnick, Arctoslyphlos uva-ursi) - The dried leaves of the member of the heath family were used. It is mild, and provides fragrance and flavour.
, l.O Wild Marjoram (Origanum vulgare) - The herb and leaves were used.
- This imparts f]avour and fragrance and aids respiratory ailments.
0.0005 Woodruff (Asperula odorats) - The dried llerb was used to provide an excellent fragrance.
2. Chervil - (Anthriscus cerefolium) - The flowering herb was used to provide a spray aroma.
1.0036 Smooth sumac (Rhus globra) and Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina and ) - The dried red berries were mixed with dried sumac leaves and roots. This provides a good cure.
2.0005 Woodland and meadow asters (Aster novae - angleae and Spe.) -The dried and powdered roots and blossoms were used to provide an aromatic bouquet.
7S~
In addition, 0.0005 parts of the dried leaves of wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa, spp.) were added to the total mixture.
In addition, the smoking tobacco substitute may contain one or more of the following:
Yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum) - This is aromatic and aids respiratory ailments.
Artichoke cardoon (~ ym-s c6rdunculus, LINN NØ Composite) The dried inner leaf stalk is used.
Lilac blossoms - (all species) (springa vu]garis NØ Oleaceae) -The dried leaves and blossoms were used.
Huckleberry (all species) and blueberry (Vacc_nium sp~) (all species). The dried leaves were used.
Chickweed (all species Stellarid media cyrill NØ caryophyl-laceae - The dried leaves and blossoms were used.
- Sweet pea blossoms Carnations Violets (viola odorola (LINN) NØ Violacea~ (over 200 species)-The dried flowers, dried leaves and fresh whole plant may be used for aroma.
Pansy Rose petals Rose buds ~ Wild licorice (Glycorrhiæa lepidota) - The aromatic and sweetish rootstock, long fleshy roots were used.
Clover (Trifolium species) - The dried roots were sweet and may be used.
Mountain valerian (Valeriana dioica L ~ V sitclaensis Bong Valerian family Valerianacease) - The powdered or shredded roots and leaves of this plant are used as a flavouring.
Pineapple Wood (Matricaria matricarioides (Less) Porta (asteraceae or compositae) - The flower heads were used to provide a nice aroma.
Dwarf wild rose (Rosa gymnocarpa) - The dried leaves and bark were used.
'7~6 Pot-Pourri (flowers and leaves) aroma and fragrance can be inc]uded by adding various amounts,according to preference, of bay leaves, lavender (fine cut), rose(s), leaves and buds, carnations, cinnamon, rosemary (fine cut), cloves, rnajoram, Bergamot, pineapple weed, mint, peppermints, orange and/or lemon rind, oil of garlic, oil of cloves, minced dates or raisins.
It is noted that to simulate the taste, aroma and colour of a natural tobacco product, the smoking tobacco substitute includes the above described combinations. Thus, some of the above-mentioned classes of plants contribute to taste, aroma or colour and some have a dual func-tion but it has been found that the combination of all these classes imparts the characteristics of natural cured tobacco.
It has been found that these tobacco substitutes have a good natural flavour and smoking characteristics similar to tobacco without the hazardous characteristics.
Claims (5)
1. A smoking tobacco consisting essentially of:
(a) dried angelica leaves;
(b) dried dittany leaves;
(c) dried licorice leaves;
(d) dried herb of pearly everlasting;
(e) dried leaves and/or blossoms of pussytoes;
(f) dried sunflower leaves;
(g) dried clover petals;
(h) dried broad leaves of coltsfoot;
(i) dried bearberry leaves;
(j) dried herbs and leaves of wild marjoram;
(k) dried and comminuted flowering nut of chervil;
(1) dried mixture of comminuted berries and leaves and roots of sumac;
and (m) dried powdered roots and blossoms of asters.
(a) dried angelica leaves;
(b) dried dittany leaves;
(c) dried licorice leaves;
(d) dried herb of pearly everlasting;
(e) dried leaves and/or blossoms of pussytoes;
(f) dried sunflower leaves;
(g) dried clover petals;
(h) dried broad leaves of coltsfoot;
(i) dried bearberry leaves;
(j) dried herbs and leaves of wild marjoram;
(k) dried and comminuted flowering nut of chervil;
(1) dried mixture of comminuted berries and leaves and roots of sumac;
and (m) dried powdered roots and blossoms of asters.
2. The smoking tobacco substitute of claim 1 including, in addition, at least one of:
(n) the dried herb of woodruff;
and (o) the dried leaves of wild lettuce.
(n) the dried herb of woodruff;
and (o) the dried leaves of wild lettuce.
3. The smoking tobacco substitute of claims 1 or 2 including, in addition, at least one of:
(p) the dried leaves of yerba santa;
(q) the dried inner leaf stalk of artichoke cardoon;
(r) the dried leaves and blossoms of lilac;
(s) the dried leaves of huckleberry and/or blueberry;
(t) the dried leaves and blossoms of chickweed;
(u) the dried blossoms of sweet pea;
(v) the dried flowers of carnations;
(w) the dried flowers and leaves of violets;
(x) the dried flowers of pansy;
(y) the dried petals and buds of rose;
(z) the dried powdered root and leaves of valerian;
(aa) the dried flower heads of pineapple weed;
and (bb) the dried leaves and bark of wild rose.
(p) the dried leaves of yerba santa;
(q) the dried inner leaf stalk of artichoke cardoon;
(r) the dried leaves and blossoms of lilac;
(s) the dried leaves of huckleberry and/or blueberry;
(t) the dried leaves and blossoms of chickweed;
(u) the dried blossoms of sweet pea;
(v) the dried flowers of carnations;
(w) the dried flowers and leaves of violets;
(x) the dried flowers of pansy;
(y) the dried petals and buds of rose;
(z) the dried powdered root and leaves of valerian;
(aa) the dried flower heads of pineapple weed;
and (bb) the dried leaves and bark of wild rose.
4. A smoking tobacco substitute of claim 1 consisting essen-tially of the following ingredients, in parts per 100:
50.0000 Angelica [dried leaves];
2.0000 Dittany [dried leaves];
10.0000 Licorice [dried leaves];
3.5000 Pearly Everlasting [dried herb];
2.0040 Pussytoes [dried blossom and leaves];
0.0950 Sassafras [aromatic bark and dried root];
50.0000 Angelica [dried leaves];
2.0000 Dittany [dried leaves];
10.0000 Licorice [dried leaves];
3.5000 Pearly Everlasting [dried herb];
2.0040 Pussytoes [dried blossom and leaves];
0.0950 Sassafras [aromatic bark and dried root];
5.0000 Sunflower [dried leaves];
12.9000 Sweet Clover [dried petals];
4.0000 Coltsfoot and Sweetcoltsfoot [dried broad leaves];
4.5000 Bearberry [dried leaves];
1.0000 Wild Marjoram [herb and leaves];
0.0005 Woodruff [dried herb];
2.0000 Chervil [flowering herb];
1.0036 Smooth Sumac and Staghorn Sumac [dry red berries with dried sumac leaves and roots];
and 2.0005 Woodland and Meadow asters [dried and powdered roots and blossoms];
100.0000 and up to 0.005 parts of the total of dried leaves of wild lettuce.
12.9000 Sweet Clover [dried petals];
4.0000 Coltsfoot and Sweetcoltsfoot [dried broad leaves];
4.5000 Bearberry [dried leaves];
1.0000 Wild Marjoram [herb and leaves];
0.0005 Woodruff [dried herb];
2.0000 Chervil [flowering herb];
1.0036 Smooth Sumac and Staghorn Sumac [dry red berries with dried sumac leaves and roots];
and 2.0005 Woodland and Meadow asters [dried and powdered roots and blossoms];
100.0000 and up to 0.005 parts of the total of dried leaves of wild lettuce.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423407A CA1184756A (en) | 1983-03-11 | 1983-03-11 | Substitute smoking tobacco product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423407A CA1184756A (en) | 1983-03-11 | 1983-03-11 | Substitute smoking tobacco product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1184756A true CA1184756A (en) | 1985-04-02 |
Family
ID=4124762
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000423407A Expired CA1184756A (en) | 1983-03-11 | 1983-03-11 | Substitute smoking tobacco product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1184756A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5150724A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1992-09-29 | Liu Chien Ching | Method of making non-nicotine cigarettes |
| FR2677525A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-18 | Durtel Holding Inc | Cigarette substitute |
| WO1993011676A1 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-06-24 | Leuven Dirk Hector Van | New tobacco substitutes |
| US5980904A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 1999-11-09 | Amway Corporation | Skin whitening composition containing bearberry extract and a reducing agent |
| CN113349403A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-07 | 姚力 | Apocynum venetum atomized health-care cigarette and preparation method thereof |
-
1983
- 1983-03-11 CA CA000423407A patent/CA1184756A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5150724A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1992-09-29 | Liu Chien Ching | Method of making non-nicotine cigarettes |
| FR2677525A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-18 | Durtel Holding Inc | Cigarette substitute |
| WO1993011676A1 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-06-24 | Leuven Dirk Hector Van | New tobacco substitutes |
| US5513663A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1996-05-07 | Van Leuven; Dirk-Hector | Tobacco substitutes |
| US5980904A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 1999-11-09 | Amway Corporation | Skin whitening composition containing bearberry extract and a reducing agent |
| CN113349403A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-07 | 姚力 | Apocynum venetum atomized health-care cigarette and preparation method thereof |
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