KR0155148B1 - Cigarette and smokable filter material therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A smokable filler material (20) includes an aerosol forming material (e.g., glycerin) and a binding agent. Tobacco extracts and/or pieces of tobacco laminae can be incorporated into the smokable filler material, and/or the smokable filler material can be blended with tobacco cut filler. The amount of aerosol forming material within the smokable filler material typically is at least about 20 percent, based on the weight of that smokable filler material. Cigarettes are provided by wrapping the smokable filler material in a paper wrapping material (25). A typical paper wrapping material has a porosity of less than about 5 CORESTA units.

Description

Cigarette and Smoking Filling Materials

1 to 4 are longitudinal cross-sectional views of smoking articles according to the invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

10: cigarette 15: smoking rod

20: smoking material 30: filter member

35 carbonaceous filter material 40 filter material

25,37,45: packaging material 50: plug wrap

55: finishing material 65: suction hole

70: first compartment of smoking material 75: second compartment of smoking material

80: processed tobacco sheet

The present invention relates to cigarettes and other smoking products, in particular cigarettes which produce relatively small amounts of incomplete combustion products when smoking, minor amounts of incidental tars and odors and which continue to smoke during FTC smoking conditions.

Smoking products, such as cigarettes, have a substantially cylindrical rod structure and comprise a roll or filling of smoking material, such as tobacco (e.g., cutting filler), which is wrapped in paper wrapper to form a so-called smokeable rod. . Generally the cigarette has a cylindrical filter element arranged at the end of the smoking rod. Typically the filter element comprises a piece of cellulose acetate surrounded by a plug wrap and is attached to the smoking rod using the surrounding finishing material.

A smoker uses a cigarette by burning a smoking rod by lighting one end of the cigarette. Likewise, smoke is produced by burning smoking material, which is typically a tobacco cutting filler. By sucking at the opposite end of the cigarette (eg at the end of the filter), the smoker inhales main smoke (eg, main tobacco smoke). In this way the smoker has the pleasure of smoking (eg smoking flavor, feeling, satisfaction).

Incidental smoke occurs while the cigarette is burning. Incidental smoke is smoke entering the air directly from the end of a lit cigarette. Incidental smoke diffuses into the air and the characteristic visibility and smell may be unpleasant to some people. The relative amount of incidental smoke that occurs in a burning cigarette is related to the amount of secondary tar that occurs in that cigarette. Typical cigarettes commercially available, which burn tobacco cut filler and are about 84 mm in length (eg smoking rods are about 57 mm in length and filter elements are about 27 mm in length), often have an associated tar of about 25 to about 35 mg per cigarette. Creates. Apparatus and Analyst, Vol. 1, for a device and technique for evaluating incidental tars in cigarettes. 113, page 1509 (1988).

A number of cigarettes have been proposed, with relatively small amounts of visible incidental smoke. See, eg, US Patent 4,637,410 (Luke); 4,624,268 (Baker Group); 4,407,308 (Baker); 4,231,377 (Cline); 4,420,002 (Kline); US 4,450,847 (Owens); 4,108,151 (Martin); US 4,225,636 (Cline); US 4,433,697 (Cline); 4,461,311 (Matthew Group); And 4,561,454 to Guess.

Over the years, various ways of changing the composition of the main tobacco smoke have been proposed. For example, a number of alternative tobacco materials have been proposed and a practical list of such materials can be found in US Pat. No. 4,079,742 (Rayne Group). In addition, in the 1970s, alternative tobacco smoking products under the trade names Cytrel and NSM were introduced in Europe.

Many references have suggested products that produce flavored steam and / or visible aerosols. Most of these products use flammable fuel sources to produce aerosols and / or heat aerosol-forming materials. See, for example, the background art cited in US Pat. No. 4,714,082 (Benergy Group).

Smoking products which do not necessarily burn tobacco, but which give the pleasure associated with cigarette smoking without producing a significant amount of incomplete combustion products, are disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,714,082 (Benerg Group); 4,756,318 (with Clairman); And 4,793,365 (sengerbow junior companion). These smoking products are combustible fuel components for generating heat; And an aerosol-forming component physically separated from the fuel component and positioned to exchange heat with the fuel component. In use, the heat generated by the fuel component acts to vaporize the aerosol-forming component to produce an aerosol similar to tobacco smoke. These smokers not only generate a small amount of FTC tar, but also generate only a small amount of incidental smoke.

It gives good smoking satisfaction, generates a relatively small amount of the main gas phase, produces a relatively small amount of incomplete combustion products, allows the smoke to continue under FTC smoking conditions, leaves ash with desirable properties, and a small amount of concomitant tar, thus visible incidental smoke. There is a need to produce cigarettes of good flavor that produce small amounts.

The present invention relates to smoking articles comprising tobacco of the cut filler type and / or processed mold. Preferred smoking products have the form of cigarettes containing the following two essential ingredients: (i) a roll or filler of smoking material, and (ii) an outer packaging material (eg, wrapping paper) surrounding the roll of smoking material, the present invention Cigarettes according to the present invention comprise a smoking filler material (described in more detail below) as at least part of the smoking material.

A preferred packaging material that surrounds a roll of smoking material to form a smoking rod is a cigarette wrapper with low air permeability. Highly preferred packaging materials with low air permeability or low porosity exhibit porosities of less than about 5 CORESTA units. The CORESTA unit is a measure of the linear air velocity through a package 1 cm 2 at a constant pressure of 1 centibar. See CORESTA Publication ISO / TC 126 / SC I N159E (1986).

One form of smoking material is a tobacco-containing smoking filler material. Such smoking materials according to the present invention may comprise (i) tobacco (such as chopped tobacco leaves, tobacco stem pieces, ground tobacco leaves, tobacco grains, tobacco powder, or tobacco extracts or other forms of processed tobacco), and optionally Accordingly (ii) a homogeneous mixture of inorganic fillers. The smoking material comprises a relatively large amount of aerosol-forming material (eg, polyols such as glycerin and / or propylene glycol). The smoking filler includes a binder to hold the components of the smoking filler together. Particularly preferred binders are alginates such as ammonium alginate. These tobacco-containing smoking filler materials may also include fragrances (eg, cocoa, licorice, organic acids, menthol, etc.) in intimate contact with them. The tobacco-containing smoking filler material may be provided in the form of a sheet made from an aqueous slurry, or in an extruded form. These tobacco-containing smoking filler materials may be in the form of reconstituted tobacco and may be used alone as the only smoking material of a cigarette. Alternatively, this tobacco-containing smoking filler material can be mixed (ie blended) in a physical manner with other smoking materials, such as tobacco cutting fillers, or used in other ways with other smoking materials.

Another form of smoking filler material according to the present invention comprises a relatively large amount of aerosol-forming material. Such smoking filler material includes a binder to hold the components of the smoking filler material together. Particularly preferred binders are alginates such as ammonium alginate. These smoking filler materials may include certain fragrances in intimate contact with them. The smoking filler material may be provided in the form of a sheet made from an aqueous slurry or in an extruded form. Such smoking filler materials may be physically mixed with tobacco tobacco-containing smoking materials and / or tobacco cutting fillers, or otherwise used with them.

A preferred embodiment of the cigarette and smoking filler material according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The cigarette 10 typically comprises a cylindrical rod 15. The rod comprises a roll of smoking material 20 wrapped in at least one outer packaging material 25 (eg paper). The rod 150 is hereinafter referred to as a smoking rod. The end of the smoking rod 15 is open to expose the smoking material, by using a smoking rod by lighting one end of the smoking rod and burning the combustible smoking material. This results in an aerosol (eg smoke), which causes the smoking rod to burn from one ignited end towards the opposite end.

The cigarette 10 also includes a filter member 30 positioned adjacent one end of the smoking rod 15 such that the filter member and the smoking rod are arranged in end-to-end relation and preferably contact each other. The filter element 30 is usually cylindrical and its diameter is substantially the same as the diameter of the smoking rod. The end of the filter element is open so that air and smoke can pass through it. Preferred filter elements have two or more filter segments. As shown in FIG. 1, the first filter compartment comprises a carbonaceous filter material 35 positioned adjacent to the smoking rod, preferably surrounded by a packaging material 37; The second filter compartment comprises a filter material 40, such as a pleated nonwoven polypropylene web (wdb) or cellulose acetate tow, which is located at the extreme end of the mouthed cigarette and is surrounded by the packaging material 45. do. The filter material 40 of the second compartment is preferably a material having a beautiful white appearance. Each filter compartment is prepared using a known filter rod maker. These two compartments are joined using known plug pipe joining techniques and held together using an outer packaging 50 to form a filter element.

The filter member 30 is attached to the smoking rod 15 by the finishing material 55 surrounding the entire length of the filter member and the adjacent smoking rod portion. A suitable adhesive is used to secure the inner surface of the finishing material 55 to the outer surface of the plug wrap 50 and the outer surface of the packaging material 25 of the smoking rod. Cigarette 10 may be manufactured using known cigarette manufacturing techniques and devices. Optionally, vented or air-diluted cigarettes are produced by air-dilution means, such as a series of suction holes 65 drilled through the finishing material 55, the plug wrap 50, and the packaging material 37. Known techniques, such as laser perforation techniques, can be used to vent the cigarette in this manner.

Another preferred embodiment of the cigarette and smoking filler material according to the invention is shown in FIG. The cigarette 10 is similar to the cigarette described with reference to FIG. 1 except that the smoking material is in the form of a blend in a split manner. At one end of the smoking rod 15 (ie at the ignited end of the cigarette) a first compartment 70 of the smoking material is located. At the other end of the smoking rod 15 (ie at the end of the smoking rod adjacent to the filter element) a second compartment 75 of the smoking material is located. Each compartment is defined or identified by its composition (ie, the composition of each compartment is different). These compartments are arranged such that the ends are in contact with the ends; However, where the two compartments meet, the smoking material may be mixed to some extent. The length of each compartment of smoking material in the smoking rod can vary. However, the relative length of the first compartment relative to the second compartment is about 1: 2 to about 2: 1, with about 1: 1 being preferred. Such smoking rods can be made using the apparatus described in US Pat. No. 4,009,722 (Walk) and 4,516,585 (Pingcam).

In a preferred cigarette of the type shown in FIG. 2, the first compartment 70 typically comprises some tobacco tobacco. Tobacco in this form includes tobacco cutting fillers (such as tobacco leaves, processed tobacco, bulked tobacco fillers, reconstituted tobacco fillers and combinations thereof), and other smoking materials and combinations thereof. Examples of processed tobacco include deproteinized reconstituted tobacco described in US Pat. Nos. 4,887,618 (Bernasec Group) and 4,941,484 (Clap Group), referenced herein. Another example of processed tobacco is tobacco that has been processed according to the method described in US Patent Application No. 484,587 (filed Feb. 23, 1990) referenced herein. Preferred cigarettes also have a second compartment 75 comprising a smoking material or a blend of smoking materials having an overall composition different from the overall composition of the smoking material (s) of the first compartment 70. The first compartment 70 and / or the second compartment 75 comprise at least one smoking filler material according to the invention.

Another preferred embodiment of the cigarette according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3. Cigarette 10 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 except that smoking material 20 comprising smoking filling material according to the present invention is packaged or contained within a processed tobacco sheet 80 or other internal packaging material. Similar to the cigarette described for reference. The processed tobacco sheet 80 is a reconstituted tobacco sheet normally manufactured using the papermaking method, and a sheet of the sheet surrounds the smoking material 20. The smoking material 20 packaged in the processed tobacco sheet 80 is again packaged in one layer of the external packaging material 25 (eg, cigarette paper).

Another preferred embodiment of the cigarette according to the invention is shown in FIG. The cigarette 10 is similar to the cigarette described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the filter member comprises three compartments. The compartment 85 located between the first filter material 35 and the filter material 40 is preferably composed of particulate matter such as activated carbon granules, magnesium silicate granules, silica gel particles and the like.

The smoking materials used to make the smoking rods vary and most preferably in the form of cut fillers. As used herein, the term cutting filler to refer to smoking materials is meant to include smoking materials in a form suitable for use in the manufacture of smoking rods for cigarettes. The chopped filler may include a smoking material that is blended and ready to produce a cigarette. Smoking materials are used in the form of strands or shreds conventional for smoking production. Cutting fillers may be used, for example, in the form of strands or shreds cut from sheet or strip material. These strip materials are cut into butterflies of about 1/5 inch to about 1/60 inch, preferably about 1/25 inch to about 1/35 inch. Generally, the resulting strands or segments are from about 0.25 inches to about 3 inches in length. The chopped filler may be in extruded form (e.g., extruded strand) or in other forms that have been physically treated.

The smoking rod of the cigarette according to the invention comprises the smoking filler material of the invention. Smoking filler materials can be used in the form of chopped fillers.

One preferred form of smoking filler material according to the present invention is usually at least about 15%, typically at least about 20%, often at least about 25%, often at least about 30%, and sometimes at least about 40% by weight of aerosol-forming Contains substances. Generally the smoking filler material comprises up to about 70 weight percent, usually up to about 60 weight percent aerosol-forming material. The smoking filler material also generally comprises up to about 20 wt%, preferably about 3 to about 15 wt% binder, and up to about 80 wt%, preferably about 40 to about 75 wt% filler component. In particular, the filler component may comprise an inorganic filler material (eg precipitated calcium carbonate) and / or an organic filler material (eg tobacco tobacco or ground tobacco leaf). A sufficient amount of fragrance can be incorporated into the smoking material to provide the desired fragrance properties to the smoking filler material. If desired, carbonaceous materials (eg, pyrolytic α-cellulose) can often be incorporated into the smoking material up to about 10% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the smoking material. However, such carbonaceous material is not an essential component of the smoking material, and there may be no carbonaceous material in the smoking material. The smoking filler material may be flammable and may be blended with other smoking materials.

Another preferred form of smoking filler material according to the present invention is reconstituted tobacco comprising some form of tobacco and aerosol-forming material. Such smoking filler materials typically contain an aerosol-forming material for tobacco about 4: 1 to about 1: 2, preferably about 2: 1 to 1: 2, and often about 1.5: 1 to about 1; 1.5 (weight In the quantity). Such smoke-filled materials may have a total amount of at least about 25% by weight, often at least about 30% by weight, often at least about 35% by weight, typically about 40% by weight, based on the weight of the smoke-filled material. At least about 45% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, including the aerosol-forming material and tobacco. Typically, the total weight of the aerosol-forming material and tobacco does not exceed about 95%, and often does not exceed about 90%, often about 85%, based on the weight of the smoking filler material. In one example of a preferred smoking filler material, it comprises about 50 to about 70% of the aerosol-forming material and tobacco based on the total weight of the smoking filler material. If desired, fragrances, inorganic fillers and the like can be incorporated into the smoking material.

The tobacco-containing smoking filler material according to the invention has any form of tobacco incorporated into them during manufacture. Tobacco used to make such tobacco-containing smoking filler materials include tobacco extracts, tobacco particulates or powders, shredded or powdered tobacco leaves, tobacco stems, expanded tobacco fillers and other forms of processed tobacco and combinations thereof. It may have a variety of forms, including. Tobacco extracts are processed tobacco and are prepared by extracting tobacco using solvents such as water, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons or halides, and various other organic and inorganic solvents. Tobacco extracts are spray dried extracts; Lyophilized extracts; Heat-treated extracts, such as those described in US Patent Application Nos. 511,158 (filed April 19, 1990) and 452,175 (filed Dec. 18, 1989); Tobacco essences such as those described in European Patent Application No. 326,370; And fragrance oils and extracts described in US Pat. No. 4,506,682 (Meller) and US Pat. App. No. 310,413 (filed Feb. 13, 1989).

The smoking filler material of the present invention comprises a binder. Particularly preferred binders include alginates such as ammonium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, potassium alginate and sodium alginate. Alginates, especially high viscosity alginate names, may be used with limited amounts of free calcium ions. Examples of other suitable binders include hydroxypropylcellulose, such as Klucel H (manufactured by Aqualon Co.); Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose such as Methocel K4MS from The Dow Chemical Co .; Hydroxyethyl cellulose such as Natrosol 250 MRCS (manufactured by Aqualon Co.); Microcrystalline cellulose such as Avicel (manufactured by FMC); Methylcellulose, such as Methocel A4M from The Dow Chemical Co .; And sodium carboxymethylcellulose, such as CMC 7HF and CMC 7H4F (manufactured by Hercules Inc.). Other binders include starch (e.g. corn starch), carrageenan, guar gum, locust bean gum, pectin and xanthan gum. Combinations or mixtures of binders can be used, such as mixtures of guar gum and locust bean gum.

The smoking filler material according to the invention may have one or more aerosol-forming materials. Preferred aerosol-forming materials include polyols such as glycerin, propylene glycol and triethylene glycol, and other materials that make visible aerosols, or combinations thereof. As part of the binder, such as when the binder is propylene glycol alginate, an aerosol-forming material may be provided. Combinations of aerosol-forming materials can be used.

One or more fragrances may be incorporated into the smoking filler material of the present invention. Fragrances may vary and include menthol, vanillin, citric acid, malic acid, cocoa, licorice and combinations thereof. See Tobacco Flavoring for Smoking Products (1972).

In some cases it is necessary to incorporate caramelizing materials into the smoking filler material according to the invention. The caramelizing material can act to improve (i) the shape integrity of the ash and fire cone of the cigarette, (ii) the appearance of the smoking filler material and (iii) the aroma characteristics of the main smoke of the cigarette. . The caramelized material may be incorporated into these materials during the manufacture of the smoking filler material and / or the smoking filler material may be applied and then applied (eg as a powder) to the surface of these materials. Generally, the amount of caramelized material used to treat a particular smoking filler material is such that the resulting material comprising the caramelized material comprises about 20 parts by weight or less of the caramelized material and about 80 parts by weight or more of the smoked material to be treated. Amount. Examples of suitable caramelizing materials include sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose; And Carob Powder Code 1739 (manufactured by M. F. Neal, Inc.).

Certain materials may be surface treated with the smoking filler material of the present invention. For example, the smoking filler material may have a powder material applied to its surface. Examples of these materials are cocoa powder, licorice powder, powdered inorganic materials such as potassium carbonate or iron oxide, tobacco powder, finely divided tobacco leaves, or combinations thereof. Surface treatment of the smoking filler material can produce materials with improved color and appearance (improved as features) and improved odor characteristics.

An inorganic substance can be incorporated into the smoking filler according to the present invention as a filler. Such inorganic materials are sometimes fibrous, flake, crystalline, amorphous, hollow or particulate. Examples of inorganic filler materials include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate particles, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, perlite, synthetic mica, bare micaite, clay, thermally stable carbon fiber, zinc oxide, dosonite, calcium carbonate Hollow spheres, glass spheres, glass bubbles, thermostable carbon globules, calcium sulfate fiber, hollow ceramic globules, alumina, calcium carbonate aggregated using carbonaceous components, calcium carbonate aggregated using organic materials, low density processed carbonate Calcium and the like.

The smoking filler of the present invention comprises an aggregated matrix filler of an inorganic component and a carbonaceous component. The inorganic component includes particles such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and the like. Particularly preferred agglomerated matrix fillers are agglomerated calcium carbonate, most preferably agglomerated precipitated calcium carbonate. This agglomeration is accomplished by preparing an aqueous slurry of calcium carbonate particles and binder and drying the slurry to form an aggregated matrix of calcium carbonate (ie, a matrix of multiple calcium carbonate particles located in a continuous or semicontinuous binder layer). The prepared matrix filler. If necessary, the volume of the slurry can be expanded by incorporating a blowing agent. Examples of suitable blowing agents include linear sodium benzenesulfonate, linear alkylsulfonates and linear alkylbenzenesulfonates. The calcium carbonate particles used to make the aggregated matrix are described in J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 60, less than about 20 m 2 / g, often less than about 10 m 2 / g, sometimes about 1 m 2 / g, measured using the Bruno, Emmett and Teller (BET) methods described on page 309 (1938). Is less than. Typical binding materials are organic materials such as cellulosic derivatives (e.g. sodium carboxymethylcellulose), preferably sugars such as molasses, high fructose-containing corn syrup, or Carob Powder Code 1739 (manufactured by MF Neal, Inc.). It is a containing substance. Other organic materials such as pectin and alginate can also be used.

Preferably, the aqueous slurry of calcium carbonate with a high solids content and the binder (such as a slurry having a solids content of about 40 to about 55% by weight) is spray dried to agglomerate particles of the calcium carbonate particles and the binder (eg, usually spherical particles). ). Alternatively, the slurry may be dried by heating to form agglomerated solid masses of calcium carbonate and binding material and then the solid mass may be milled to produce particles of a desired size. Preferably the amount of calcium carbonate relative to the binding material is from about 20: 1 to about 2: 1, more preferably from about 15: 1 to about 4: 1 by dry weight. Typically, inorganic particles aggregated using saccharide and polysaccharide materials are likely to lose their aggregated properties when contacted with water under ambient conditions because the saccharide and polysaccharide materials are water soluble.

The agglomerated matrix of the inorganic component and the organic binding material is heat treated. This removes the volatile components from the organic binding material and calcinates the organic binding material to produce a substantially water-insoluble and completely burning carbonaceous component. In general, the agglomerated matrix fillers are heat treated by controlling atmospheric conditions to minimize or prevent oxidation of the bonding material. See, eg, US Patent Application No. 414,833 (filed Sep. 29, 1989) which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, the reverse treatment provides a binding material in the form of a carbonaceous material, which in turn provides a means for agglomerating the particles of the inorganic component in the form of a matrix. In particular, an oven, a fluidized bed, a rotary calciner, a belt calciner, or the like can be used to heat-treat the particles of aggregated calcium carbonate and the binder (eg, up to about 625 ° C., typically up to about 600 ° C.). ). For example, spray dried calcium carbonate particles, which are aggregated using molasses, may be collected after heating at a temperature sufficient to heat the particles from about 300 ° C. to about 425 ° C. in a fluidized bed through which nitrogen gas flows. Inorganic components and organics are calcined to calcinate the organic binding material by heating the aggregated matrix to very high temperatures (eg, up to about 900 ° C.) for a short time under conditions where the inorganic component (eg, when the inorganic component is calcium carbonate) is not degraded. The agglomerated matrix of binding material may be heat treated. However, if the inorganic component is calcium carbonate and some of the calcium carbonate decomposes during the calcination step, either (i) exposing the aggregated material to a carbon dioxide atmosphere or (ii) dispersing it in water and aeration of carbon dioxide into the dispersion. This material can be recarbonated.

After the calcination process, the calcium carbonate content of the agglomerated calcium carbonate particles is at least about 80% by weight, often at least about 90% by weight and the carbon content is at least about 3% by weight. Typically, the resulting agglomerated particles are screened to about -50 / + 325 US mesh, sometimes up to about -80 / + 200 US mesh. Calcined, preferred agglomerated calcium carbonate particles are substantially water-insoluble, spherical, free flowing and have a bulk density of about 0.1 g / cm 3 to about 1.1 g / cm 3, often about 0.3 g / cm 3 to about 1 g using mercury infiltration techniques. / Cm 3. The calcined aggregated calcium carbonate particles thus provide an inorganic material having a bulk density of less than about 2 g / cm 3, preferably less than about 1 g / cm 3, comprising an inorganic component having a bulk density of at least about 2.5 g / cm 3. In general, these calcined aggregated calcium carbonate particles have a surface area of less than about 30 m 2 / g, sometimes from about 10 m 2 / g to about 25 m 2 / g, measured using the BET method.

If necessary, the bulk density of the calcined aggregated inorganic filler can be reduced by immersing the inorganic component part with an acidic agent. For example, calcined aggregates can be dispersed in water and aqueous hydrochloric acid can be added to the resulting stirred slurry. Acids react with calcium carbonate and do not substantially react with carbonaceous components. Thus, the carbonaceous component acts to hold the remaining calcium carbonate together, while some of the calcium carbonate reacts to produce carbon dioxide gas and water-soluble calcium chloride.

Another type of inorganic material that can be incorporated into the smoking filler material according to the present invention is a low density inorganic filler. These fillers are prepared by making particles of calcium salts, decomposing the anions of the salts and connecting the particles with carbon dioxide. Examples of suitable salts are propionic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, stearic acid, salicylic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and calcium benzoate. Other suitable salts include the calcium salts of saccharides and polysaccharides. These are placed under conditions that allow the anion of these salts to decompose, which usually involves the heat treatment of these salts under a carbon dioxide atmosphere.

One method of making low density inorganic fillers is that calcium lactate particles screened to -80 / + 170 US mesh are heated at about 600 ° C. for about 8 hours under constant flowing carbon dioxide gas at a flow rate of 228 ml / min to about 65 weight. Involves making a substance that has lost%. About 20 parts by weight of these materials are placed in about 80 parts by weight of water and the resulting slurry is contacted with a sufficient hydrochloric acid solution to lower its ph to about 6.8. The material is then removed from the water, washed with water, dried and screened to -80 / + 170 US mesh. These materials are larger than about 95% by weight calcium carbonate and have a bulk density of about 0.4 g / cm 3 measured using mercury infiltration techniques.

Agglomerated matrix fillers have a form of inorganic and organic components. Other inorganic components include calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate. One example of agglomerated matrix fillers having an inorganic component in the alginate component is calcium carbonate aggregated using ammonium alginate. An aqueous slurry of calcium carbonate particles and hydrated alginate is prepared and dried to form an aggregated matrix of calcium carbonate (ie, a matrix of multiple calcium carbonate particles located in a continuous or semicontinuous alginate layer). Agglomerated matrix fillers such as can be prepared. If necessary, the volume can be expanded by incorporating a blowing agent in the slurry. Examples of suitable blowing agents are sodium benzenesulfonate, alkylsulfates and alkylethoxy sulfates. Preferably, the aqueous slurry of calcium carbonate and alginate with a high solids content is spray dried to form agglomerated particles of calcium carbonate particles and alginate (eg, usually spherical particles). Alternatively, the slurry may be dried by heating to form a solid mass of agglomerated calcium carbonate and alginate, and the solid mass may be pulverized to produce particles of a desired size. Preferably, the amount of calcium carbonate relative to the alginate salt is from about 99: 1 to about 2: 1, preferably from about 20: 1 to about 5: 1, on a dry weight basis. Typically, the calcium carbonate particles agglomerated with alginate are substantially water-insoluble. In particular, the insolubility of alginate in the agglomerated matrix filler greatly limits the tendency of the agglomerated matrix filler to lose cohesion when in contact with water under ambient conditions. The agglomerated matrix filler becomes insoluble due to the interaction of the alginate and calcium ions of calcium carbonate. If necessary, the agglomerated matrix filler may be treated with a dilute acid solution to decompose a portion of the calcium carbonate so that the resulting calcium ions become insoluble in the alginate component of the agglomerated matrix filler.

Aggregated matrix fillers having inorganic and organic components can include various other organic components. For example, this organic component may be pectin and pectin tends to be substantially insoluble by interaction with calcium ions. Alternatively, agglomerated matrix fillers having a polysaccharide organic component can be treated with divalent ions (such as calcium, barium, cobalt, iron or manganese ions) or trivalent ions (such as iron or aluminum ions) to substantially reduce the polysaccharides. It can be made water-soluble. As another example, a slurry of polysaccharide material (eg ethylcellulose) and inorganic particles in a non-aqueous solvent (eg alcohol) can be prepared and dried to produce a substantially water-insoluble aggregated matrix filler.

Typically, a smoking filler material according to the present invention is prepared by casting an aqueous slurry of aerosol-forming material, binder and other ingredients of the smoking filler into a sheet form and drying the casting material to produce a relatively dry processable sheet. Skills and equipment for casting the slurry as a sheet are known to those skilled in the art. Other materials such as calcium acetate, potassium carbonate, pH adjusters, urea, amino acids, potassium chloride and / or calcium hydroxide can be incorporated into the slurry. Metal ion disintegrants (e.g., o-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium citrate, hexa-m-potassium phosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate) can be incorporated into the slurry in an amount sufficient to control the free calcium ion concentration of the slurry. The casting material may be dried at ambient or elevated temperature. It is also possible to apply an aqueous solution of calcium salt to the casting slurry. The resulting dry sheet can be cut or pulverized into strips and the strips can be cut or sculpted in the form of cutting fillers.

Suitable compression techniques can be used to extrude the smoking fill material of the present invention into the desired shape. See, eg, the method of the type described in US Pat. No. 4,880,018 (Gravis Jr.), which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the aqueous slurry of components of the smoking material and alginate binder can be extruded into an aqueous solution of calcium ions (eg, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride) and then collected and dried. If desired, the extruded smoking filler material can be processed in a physical manner (eg, processed using a roller or the like) and shaped into the desired shape.

The smoking rod of the cigarette according to the invention comprises a physical mixture or blend of smoking materials. This blend may comprise at least one smoking filler material according to the invention and at least one other smoking material. The blend may comprise at least two smoking fillers according to the invention, or at least one other smoking material and a physical mixture of at least one smoking filler according to the invention. Certain preferred cigarettes often include sufficient amounts of one or more smoking filler materials according to the present invention in such formulations such that the smoking material in each cigarette comprises at least about 1% carbonaceous material relative to the total weight of the formulation. Typically, any such blend incorporates a carbonaceous material as the carbonaceous component of the calcined aggregate matrix filler. In particular, cigarettes having this type of smoking filler and low porosity outer wrapper (eg, an outer wrapper of less than about 5 CORESTA units) continue to produce smoke (e.g., do not turn off on their own) when smoking under FTC smoking conditions. ) Tends to FTC smoking condition means sucking 35 ml for 2 seconds every 60 seconds.

The smoking filler according to the present invention can be blended with tobacco cutting filler. The form of tobacco can vary and can include flue-treated, burley, Maryland and oriental tobacco, and rare and specialty tobacco, and combinations thereof. Such tobacco cutting fillers include tobacco leaves; Expanded or inflated tobacco leaves; Processed tobacco stems such as cut-rolled or cut-expanded stems; (i) deproteinized tobacco as described in U.S. Patent 4,887,618 (Bernasec Group) and 4,941,484 (Clip Group), (ii) U.S. Patents 3,353,541 and 3,420,241 (Hin Party), 3,386,449 (Hin), and Phosphorus-containing reconstituted early years described in U.S. Patent Application No. 406,637 (filed Sep. 13, 1989) and 461,216 (filed Jan. 5, 1990), (iii) U.S. Patent Application No. 272,156 (Nov. 1998) 16. Applied) and Tobacco Encyclopedia, edited by Voges, page 389, TJI (1984), Reconstructed Tobacco, (iv) United States Patent Application No. 416,332 (filed September 29, 1989) and 414,833 (1989. 9 29. Reconstituted tobacco, such as the reconstituted tobacco described in Application; Or combinations thereof.

The smoking material may be coated and top coated in a conventional manner during the various stages of cigarette manufacture. For example, when processing a cigarette chopped filler, the fragrance is apply | coated to a smoking material as usual. Suitable fragrances include vanillin, cocoa, licorice, menthol and the like. Aroma control agents may be applied to the smoking material. A levulinic acid form flavoring agent may be applied to the smoking fill material (eg, about 0.01 to about 2%, typically about 0.1 to about 1%, preferably about 0.2 to about 0.6%, based on the dry weight of the smoking material In the form of potassium carbonate can be applied to the smoking material (e.g., in an amount of less than about 5%, typically about 2 to about 3% by weight of the smoking material). Aerosol-forming materials and humectants, such as glycerin and propylene glycol, may be applied to the smoking material. These components are conveniently applied to the smoking material as coating and top coating components.

A preferred packaging material for making smoking rods is a cigarette packaging material having a low air permeability value. Such packaging materials typically have air permeability less than about 5 CORESTA units, sometimes less than about 3 CORESTA units, often less than about 1 CORESTA units. Typical packaging materials are cigarette wrappers. Suitable packaging materials are available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade names DD-71-1, DD-71-6, MTR-1021, P-2831-60-2, P-2831-60-3, P-2831-60-4 , P-2831-60-5, P-2674-110, P-2831-60-1 and DD-100-2. Suitable cigarette wrappers with low porosity are commercially available and may contain various amounts of combustion chemicals, fluxes, and the like. Particularly preferred are cigarette wrappers comprising an amount of polymeric film former which is preferably sufficient to make paper having a low air permeability value. For example, a sufficient amount of solution of a polymer (such as carboxymethyl cellulose or ethylcellulose) film former may be applied to the wrapper. The choice of polymeric film formers is known to those skilled in the art.

Optional polymer film formers may be applied to the wrapper during the papermaking process or as a print or paint after the paper has finished. Typically, the film former is applied to the paper as a dilute solution (eg, a concentration of about 0.2% to about 5% by weight relative to the solvent) to facilitate processing. The amount of film former applied to the wrapping paper is about 1 to about 10% based on the paper's dry weight and the amount of film former used. For example, a sizing press can be used to apply a 5% by weight solution of ethylcellulose in ethanol or 5% by weight solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to a cigarette paper and the paper is dried to have a porosity of about 1 CORESTA. A non-wetting, water resistant wrapper of less than units, preferably less than about 0.5 CORESTA units can be made.

Smoking rods and the cigarettes produced therefrom can be produced in any known shape using known cigarette production techniques and devices. Smoking rods sometimes include smoking materials wrapped in one layer of packaging material, but two layers of two packaging materials may be used. See, for example, US Patent Application No. 528,302, filed May 24, 1990, referenced herein.

Cigarettes having a smoking rod double wrapped with two layers of packaging material preferably comprise one of the aforementioned wrapping papers having a low porosity as an outer packaging material. The inner wrapper may vary, but is typically a tobacco-containing wrapper. An example of an inner packaging material is a wrapping paper containing about 3 parts of Java tobacco stem pieces and about 1 part of wood pulp, which is marketed under the trade names P-2249-115 and P-2831-23-3 by Kimberly-Clark Corp. Other suitable inner packaging materials include tobacco flakes and carbonaceous materials and are sold by Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade names P-2540-94-A, P-2540-94-C, and P-2540-94-D. The inner packaging material may comprise (i) a combustible agent (e.g. potassium citrate, potassium acetate or potassium succinate) and / or (ii) an aromatic component (e.g. menthol or vanillin) or an aromatic precursor (e.g. vanillin glucose) Seed or ethylvanillin glucoside).

Typically, the smoking rod is about 30 mm to about 70 mm in length, preferably about 35 to about 60 mm; The circumference is about 17 mm to about 27 mm, preferably about 22 mm to about 25 mm. In particular when using a high packing density smoking material a short smoking rod (ie, about 30 to about 50 mm in length) can be used.

The packing density of the smoking material contained in the outer packaging material may vary. Typical packing densities for smoking rods of cigarettes according to the invention are from about 150 to about 400 mg / cm 3. In general, the packing density of such smoking rods is in the range of about 200 to about 380 mg / cm 3, often about 250 to about 360 mg / cm 3, especially when using relatively short (ie less than 50 mm in length) smoking rods.

The cigarette of the present invention preferably comprises a filter element, most preferably a filter element having at least one compartment. For example, the preferred filter element has two or more filter sections. Typically, each of the compartments of the preferred filter element is about 10 mm to about 30 mm in length; The circumference is about 17 mm to about 27 mm, preferably about 22 mm to about 25 mm. The plug wrap surrounding the filter material of each filter compartment is typically a conventional paper plug wrap and may be air permeable or substantially air impermeable.

One preferred filter material in the filter compartment is a carbonaceous material such as activated carbon particles, charcoal particles or bran. One example of particularly preferred filter materials is made by pleating tobacco / mold commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade name P-144-BAC. Such filter material reduces the content of certain gaseous components from the main smoke passing through the smoker's mouth. In this way, the preferred filter material in this compartment acts to reduce the content of any smoke constituents that can give off-taste or other undesirable properties to the main smoke.

Preferred filter materials in other filter sections usually comprise fibrous material. Examples of suitable filter materials are pleated nonwoven polypropylene webs. Particularly preferred nonwoven polypropylene sheet-like webs are commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade name PP-100-F. Another example of a suitable filter material is a cellulose acetate piece. Particularly preferred cellulose acetate flake items include (i) 8 denier per filament / 40,000 denier in total, (ii) 8 denier per filament / 15,000 denier in total, (iii) 8 denier per filament / 25,000 denier in total and (iv) 8 denier per filament Includes a total of 30,000 denier. Plasticizers such as triacetin, propylene glycol or triethyl citrate can be mixed with the filler material.

Another filter compartment may have a filter material in the form of a pleated web of nonwoven thermoplastic (ie, hydrophobic) fibers in intimate contact with the water soluble tobacco extract to make an extract-containing filter material. A very preferred web is a nonwoven web of polypropylene fiber sold under the trade name PP 200 SD by Kimberly-Clark Corp. Examples of filter compartments and filter elements are described in US Patent Application Nos. 414,835 (filed on September 29, 1989) and 518,597 (filed on May 3. 1990). Such compartments can enhance the directional characteristics of the main smoke passing through them.

The other filter section may comprise tobacco paper material as the filter material. For example, the filter material may be in the form of a pleated web of tobacco paper, commercially available as P-144-B from Kimberly-Clark Corp.

Known cigarette filter manufacturing techniques can be used to produce filter element compartments suitable for use in the present invention. Filter elements can be made from cellulose acetate pieces using known techniques. The filter member can be manufactured from a plain fabric, tobacco paper, and sheet-like nonwoven polypropylene web using the filter manufacturing technique described in US Pat. No. 4,807,809 (Fryer company) referred to in the present invention. Alternatively, the particles may be incorporated into the filter element using so-called triple filter arrangements by placing the char or activated carbon particles between two compartments of suitable filter material.

The filter element may have low, medium or high filtration efficiency. Preferred filter elements minimize the main aerosol (ie smoke) removal efficiency while keeping the inhalation properties of the cigarette desirable. The low efficiency filter element minimizes smoke removal efficiency. The low efficiency filter element has minimal ability to remove main smoke particles. See Keith in Schemeltz's The Chemistry of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, page 157 (1972). Typically the low efficiency filter element has a main smoke particle removal efficiency of less than about 40 weight percent.

The finishing material extends about 3 mm to 6 mm along the length of the smoking rod by surrounding adjacent portions of the filter element and the smoking rod. Typically, the finishing material is a conventional paper finishing material. Various porosity finishing materials can be used. For example, the finishing material may be air impermeable, air permeable, or may be treated to provide a means for air dilution of the cigarette by having suction holes, openings, or vent sections (eg, mechanical or laser perforation techniques). By adjusting the performance characteristics of the cigarette, it is possible to change the position of the suction hole along the total surface area of the suction hole and the edge of the cigarette.

The air dilution amount can vary for the air diluted or vented cigarette of the present invention. Typically, the air dilution in air-diluted cigarettes is at least about 25%, often at least about 40%. The upper limit of air dilution in cigarettes is typically less than about 75%, more often less than about 65%. The term air dilution, as used herein, refers to the intake of air entering through an air dilution means for the total volume of air and aerosol that is inhaled through the cigarette and the aerosol (ie smoke) and the mouth of the cigarette that touches the mouth. Ratio of volume (expressed as a percentage). Selk party, Beitr, Zur Tabak. In., Vol. 4, page 193 (1978).

Cigarettes according to the invention produce a dominant aerosol upon smoking. The main aerosols of these cigarettes not only have a low content of gaseous components but also a low content of incomplete combustion products. This cigarette burns at a moderate rate and at least when smokes under FTC smoking conditions and produces a constant smoke. In smoking, ashes and fires are not overly sticky and do not get too long in this cigarette. However, ashes and fired portions of cigarettes have good shape retention.

Cigarettes according to the present invention, when smoking smoking party, Analyst, Vol. Ancillary tar, determined using the apparatus and techniques described in 113, page 1509 (1988), produces less than about 20 mg, preferably less than about 10 mg per cigarette. These cigarettes are only inhaled at least about 5 sips per cigarette, preferably at least about 6 sips, which smoke under FTC conditions. Generally, cigarettes according to the present invention are inhaled less than about 20 sips, and sometimes less than about 15 sips when smoking under FTC conditions.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in more detail and do not limit the scope of the invention. Unless stated otherwise both parts and percentages are by weight.

Example 1

A. Preparation of Tobacco-Containing Smoking Filling Materials

Agglomerated matrix fillers are prepared as follows: Into a low shear mixer, about 832 parts of ambient tap water, about 757 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate fine particles and about 267 parts of molasses sold by Pfizer Inc. as Albacar 5970 are placed. Calcium carbonate has a rose-like structure and its average particle size (ie diameter) is about 2 microns. Molasses is commercially available from Savannah Sugar Co. as Refiner's Syrup and has a solids / water content of about 3.7: 1. The resulting mixture was stirred for about 5 to about 10 minutes to give a solids content of about 52% and a cylindrical LV spindle No. A slurry having a viscosity of about 1,200 cps was measured as measured by a Brookfield LVT viscometer with 4.

Spray drying is performed by continuously pumping the slurry into the spray drier at about 6 pounds per minute under a feed pressure of about 475 to about 500 psig. The spray dryer is a Bowen type commercial unit equipped with a SD-046 nozzle and operated in a commercial manner. The temperature at the inlet is about 470 ° F (243.3 ° C) and the temperature at the outlet is about 260 ° F (126.7 ° C). The resulting spray dried particles are generally spherical in shape and have a moisture content of less than about 2%. The particles are screened to a particle size of -70 / + 200 US mesh.

Spray dried particles are placed on a 12 inch by 36 inch steel tray at a thickness of about 2 cm. The tray is then passed through a continuous belt furnace at a speed of about 8 to about 12 inches / minute, and heated under nitrogen atmosphere for about 10 minutes at about 600 ° C. or higher and about 20 minutes at about 400 ° C. or higher. . During that time, the tray is treated with a maximum air temperature of about 670 ° C. The heated particles are taken out of the heating furnace for about 1 hour under nitrogen atmosphere and sent to the cooling zone to cool to ambient temperature.

The calcined particles thus collected are black, spherical, freely flowing, and moisture resistant. The particles are about 93% calcium carbonate and have a bulk density of about 0.5 g / cm 3. Each particle is an aggregated matrix of a plurality of precipitated calcium carbonate particles located in a carbonaceous material.

Smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

Merck Co., Inc. Insert about 12 parts of high viscosity ammonium alginate available as Amoloid HV from Kelco Division of China, followed by about 48 parts of glycerin and finally about 40 parts of calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described above. The resulting slurry is stirred using an egg beater type mixer until the slurry exhibits a smooth texture. The slurry is cast on a high density polyethylene sheet to a thickness of about 0.015 inches and air dried. The resulting dry sheet (i) has a thickness of about 0.007 inches, (ii) has a density of about 0.503 g / cm 3, and (iii) has flexibility and flexibility. The sheet is shaped into a strip about 2 inches by about 3 inches, and the strip is cut into about 32 pieces per inch to produce a tobacco-containing smoking cut filler.

B. Preparation of Cigarettes

A cigarette as shown in FIG. 1 is prepared as follows:

Each cigarette has a length and circumference of about 84 mm and about 24.8 mm, respectively, a smoking rod about 57 mm long, a first filter section 15 mm long, and a second filter section about 12 mm long. The first and second filter sections form a filter member. A pore-free finishing paper is used to attach each filter compartment to each smoking rod. In each cigarette the finishing paper surrounds the filter element and a smoking rod portion of about 4 mm length adjacent the filter element. The filter element is not ventilated.

The smoking rod comprises the above-described smoking filler material in the form of a cutting filler. The smoking filler material is located between the two layers of packaging. The inner surface of the outer packaging material is in direct contact with the outer surface of the inner packaging material, and the inner packaging material surrounds the smoking filling material.

Using a filter rod manufacturing apparatus described in Example 1 of US Pat. No. 4,807,809 (Fryer company), a web of 11.75 inch butterfly made of mutant and tobacco commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade name P-144-BAC. The first filter section is made by pleating. Plug wraps for filter compartments are commercially available from Ecusta Corp. under reference 5831. The first filter compartment is positioned adjacent to the smoking rod.

11.75 inch butterfly web made of nonwoven polypropylene web sold by Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the designation PP-100-F using the filter rod manufacturing apparatus described in Example 1 of US Pat. No. 4,807,809 (Fryer company). A second filter compartment is prepared by pleating the filter. Plug compartments for filter compartments are commercially available from Ecusta Corp. under reference 5831. The second filter compartment is positioned adjacent the first filter compartment at the extreme end of the cigarette to which the mouth touches.

The cigarette outer wrapper has an air permeability of about 0 CORESTA units. Cigarette paper is commercially available as P-2831-60-1 from Kimberly-Clark Corp.

Inner packaging is reconstituted tobacco, paper-type packaging containing Java tobacco stem and wood pulp. This inner packaging is a tobacco-containing paper sold by Kimberly-Clark Corp. as P-2831-23-3.

Smoking cigarette rods are prepared using known techniques. In particular, the smoking material is wrapped with the first layer of wrapping paper. The weight of smoking material in each cigarette rod is about 0.9 g.

A cigarette is used by burning the smoking rod so that the smoking material in the wrapper burns to produce smoke. In smoking, these cigarettes produce only a very small amount of incidental smoke visible and virtually no incidental smell.

Example 2

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 5 g of ammonium alginate described in Example 1 was hydrated in about 300 ml of tap water under ambient temperature. After adding about 20 g of glycerin, about 40 g of calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described in Example 1 was added thereto. The resulting slurry is slowly mixed for about 15 minutes using an egg beater type mixer. The resulting slurry is extruded at ambient temperature through a die having an annular orifice, typically about 1 mm in diameter, using a 50 ml injector. The extrudate is removed from the die and placed in a solution of about 98 parts of tap water and about 2 parts of calcium chloride at ambient temperature. Within about 30 seconds, the compact is removed from the aqueous calcium chloride solution and resembles a cylinder about 1 mm in diameter. The extrudate is dried under ambient conditions. The extrudate is passed through a nip of two metal rollers with short and smooth surfaces to produce a ribbon about 2 mm thick and about 0.4 mm thick. The resulting material is suitable for use as a smoking filler material.

Example 3

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

In about 240 parts of tap water, about 4 parts of ammonium alginate as described in Example 1 were placed, followed by about 17.5 parts of glycerin, about 17.5 parts of propylene glycol and about 61 parts of calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described in Example 1. The resulting slurry is stirred using an egg beater type mixer until a smooth texture is seen. The slurry is cast on a high density polyethylene sheet to a thickness of about 0.015 inches and air dried. The resulting dry sheet is about 0.011 inches thick and exhibits a density of about 0.745 g / cm 3.

Example 4

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

In about 720 parts of tap water, about 12 parts of ammonium alginate as described in Example 1 was placed, followed by about 24 parts of glycerin, about 24 parts of propylene glycol and about 40 parts of calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described in Example 1. The resulting slurry is stirred using an egg beater type mixer until a smooth texture is seen. The slurry is cast on a high density polyethylene sheet to a thickness of about 0.015 inches and air dried. The resulting dry sheet is about 0.007 inches thick and exhibits a density of about 0.47 g / cm 3.

Example 5

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

About 24.2 g of glycerin and about 12.1 g of propylene glycol are placed in about 400 ml of tap water at ambient temperature, and the resulting mixture is stirred at high speed by a mixer. To the resulting mixture is added about 7.2 g of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 and the resulting mixture is stirred by a high shear mixer for about 15 minutes to disperse the alginate in the liquid and hydrate the alginate. About 10 g of precipitated calcium carbonate, commercially available from Pfizer Corp. under code number 2A, was dispersed in about 100 ml of tap water, placed in an aqueous slurry of glycerin, propylene glycol and alginate, and the resulting mixture was stirred until a smooth slurry was formed. do. The slurry is transferred to an egg beater type mixer and the mixture is slowly stirred while adding about 10 g of the calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described in Example 1 to the slurry. To this slurry is added about 36.4 g of a mixture of volume expanded flue-treated and burley tobacco leaves milled to a particle size of -35 / + 80 US mesh and the mixture is slowly stirred. About 3 g of diammonium orthophosphate is dissolved in about 200 g of water and placed in a slurry, and the resulting slurry is slowly stirred for about 5 minutes.

The slurry is cast to a thickness of about 0.03 inches on a high density polyethylene sheet and air dried for about 30 minutes. A 1% aqueous sodium chloride solution is then sprayed onto the top of the casting slurry so that about 1% of calcium chloride is applied to the casting slurry on a dry weight basis. The slurry is then air dried to produce a relatively stiff sheet. This sheet is cut into about 32 pieces per inch to produce a smoking filler material.

Example 6

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 8 g of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 is dispersed in about 480 ml of tap water at ambient temperature. 48 g of glycerin and about 44 g of calcium carbonate commercially available from Pfizer, Inc. under code number 2A are inserted in this order. The resulting slurry is mixed in a high shear mixer for about 15 minutes. The pH of this slurry is about 9.2. When left standing, the slurry turns into a soy-colored gel, but further mixing returns to the sol state. The slurry is transferred to a 50 ml volume injector and extruded through a die having an orifice of about 0.015 inches by 0.06 inches. The extrudate is removed from the die and placed in a mixture or bath consisting of about 99 parts of tap water and about 1 part of the spray dried aqueous Burley tobacco extract. The water / tobacco extract mixture is at ambient temperature and has a pH of about 5.4. After about 5 minutes the extrudate is removed from the bath. The resulting extrudate has a continuous ribbon-like shape with cross-sectional dimensions similar to the dimensions of the die orifice. The extrudate appears to have small bubbles trapped therein. The extrudate is air dried. The resulting material is suitable for use as smoking filler material.

Example 7

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 8 g of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 is dispersed in about 480 ml of tap water at ambient temperature. 48 g of glycerin and about 44 g of precipitated calcium carbonate, commercially available from Pfizer, Inc. under code number 2A, are sequentially inserted. The resulting slurry is mixed in a high shear mixer for about 15 minutes. The pH of this slurry is about 9.2. When left standing, the slurry turns into a soy-colored gel, but further mixing returns to the sol state. The slurry is transferred to a 50 ml injector and extruded through a die having an orifice of about 0.015 inches by 0.06 inches. The extrudate is removed from the die and placed in a bath of tap water and hydrochloric acid at a temperature of ambient temperature and pH of about 5.4. After about 5 minutes the extrudate is removed from the bath. The resulting extrudate has a continuous ribbon-like shape with cross-sectional dimensions similar to the dimensions of the die orifice. The extrudate appears to have small bubbles trapped therein. The extrudate is air dried. The resulting material is suitable for use as smoking filler material.

Example 8

A. Preparation of Tobacco-Containing Smoking Filling Materials

In about 547 ml of tap water at ambient temperature, mix about 24.2 g of glycerin and about 12.1 g of propylene glycol. Stir this mixture using a Waring mixer. To this was added about 7.2 g of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 and about 36.4 g of the Turkish tobacco leaf flakes provided in a particle size of -25 / + 80 US mesh. Finally, about 20 g of precipitated calcium carbonate commercially available from Pfizer, Inc. under code number 2A is added to this mixture. The resulting mixture is stirred for about 5 minutes, cast on a flat high density polyethylene sheet to a thickness of about 0.04 inches and air dried. The resulting dried tobacco-containing sheet has a textured appearance and a tobacco leaf feel. The tobacco-containing sheet is cut into about 25 pieces per inch. The resulting chopped filler is dried at about 75 ° C. for about 25 minutes to produce a tobacco-containing smoking filler material.

B. Preparation of Cigarettes

A cigarette as shown in FIG. 1 is prepared as follows:

Each cigarette comprises a smoking rod about 84 mm long and about 24.8 mm long and about 57 mm long, a first filter compartment about 15 mm long, and a second filter compartment about 12 mm long, respectively. . The first and second filter sections form a filter member. A pore-free finishing paper is used to attach each filter compartment to each smoking rod. In each cigarette the finishing paper surrounds the filter element and a smoking rod portion of about 4 mm length adjacent the filter element. The filter element is vented to an air dilution rate of about 60% by drilling a suction hole through the plug wrap of the filter element surrounding the cigarette about 12 mm at the extreme end of the finished paper and the mouth-facing cigarette.

The smoking rod comprises the tobacco-containing smoking material described above in the form of a cutting filler.

Using a filter rod manufacturing apparatus described in Example 1 of US Pat. No. 4,807,809 (Fryer's group), a web of 11.75 inch butterfly made of mutant and tobacco commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade name P-144-BAC. The first filter section is made by pleating. Plug wraps for filter compartments are commercially available from Ecusta Corp. under reference 5831. The first filter compartment is positioned adjacent to the smoking rod.

11.75 inch butterfly webs made of nonwoven polypropylene webs commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the trade name PP-100-F using the filter rod manufacturing apparatus described in Example 1 of US Pat. No. 4,807,809 (Fryer's group). The second filter section is made by pleating. Plug compartments for filter compartments are commercially available from Ecusta Corp. under reference 5831. The second filter compartment is positioned adjacent the first filter compartment at the extreme end of the cigarette to which the mouth touches.

Cigarette wrappers have an air permeability of about 0 CORESTA units. The cigarette paper comprises about 4.2% potassium citrate and 1.1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Cigarette paper is commercially available as P-2831-60-1 from Kimberly-Clark Corp.

Smoking cigarette rods are prepared using known techniques. In particular, the smoking material is wrapped with the first layer of wrapping paper. The weight of smoking material in each cigarette rod is about 0.9 g.

A cigarette is used by burning the smoking rod so that the smoking material in the wrapper burns to produce smoke. In smoking, these cigarettes produce only a very small amount of incidental smoke visible and virtually no incidental smell. Cigarettes tested by smoking in this manner were each inhaled with 17 sips under FTC smoking conditions, 19.6 mg total wet particulate matter (WTPM), 0.165 mg nicotine, 2.5 mg water, 6.7 mg glycerin and 2.7 mg propylene. Give glycol. This cigarette does not turn off on its own while smoking under FTC smoking conditions.

Example 9

Calcium carbonate particles aggregated with alginate are prepared as follows:

Add about 750 ml of tap water to the mixer and add about 20 g of glycerin. While stirring the mixture slowly, about 10 g of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 was slowly added to disperse the alginate in water. The resulting mixture is transferred to a 1 liter jar, sealed and slowly rotated overnight to hydrate the alginate.

A slurry of 250 g of calcium carbonate (commercially available as code number 2A from Pfizer Inc.) in 250 g of tap water is made. This slurry is then added to the water / glycerine / alginate mixture. The slurry is stirred slowly to produce a smooth tissue slurry.

The slurry is cast on a high density polyethylene sheet to a thickness of about 0.04 inches and air dried to produce pieces of dry sheet about 6 inches by 6 inches in size. The resulting dry sheet is ground by hand to fine particle size and screened to -50 US mesh.

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

About 225 ml of tap water was added to a high shear mixer, and about 5 g of ammonium alginate described in Example 1 was dispersed in water. The resulting mixture is slowly stirred at ambient temperature for about 15 minutes until the alginate is hydrated. Then about 20 g of glycerin is added to the mixture followed by about 25 ml of tap water. Add about 16.7 g of American blend of pulverized, tobacco-cut filler to the mixture. Then, about 25 ml of tap water is added to the mixture. The slurry is stirred until a smooth slurry is obtained. A mixture of about 13.8 g of the calcined flocculated calcium carbonate described in Example 1 and about 13.8 g of calcium carbonate flocculated with ammonium alginate is added to the slurry. The slurry is stirred until a smooth tissue slurry is obtained. The resulting slurry is cast to about 0.025 inch thick on a high density polyethylene sheet and air dried.

Example 10

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

About 225 parts of tap water contained in the mixer is added about 5 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1. Add about 20 parts of glycerin to the alginate / water mixture.

The resulting slurry is cast in sheet form and air dried. The resulting cast material is elastic and feels somewhat sticky. The material is surface treated with about 5 parts of tobacco dust provided by grinding the American blend of tobacco cutting filler.

Example 11

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 13 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 is added to tap water in a mixer in substantially the same manner as described in Example 10. To the alginate / water mixture, about 51 parts of glycerin and about 16 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate particles are added.

The resulting slurry is cast in sheet form and air dried. The smoke-filled material thus produced is surface treated with about 20 parts of tobacco dust according to the method described in Example 10.

Example 12

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 9 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 is added to tap water in a mixer in substantially the same manner as described in Example 10. To the alginate / water mixture, about 37 parts of glycerin and about 34 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate particles are added.

The resulting slurry is cast in sheet form and air dried. The smoke-filled material thus produced is surface treated with about 20 parts of tobacco dust according to the method described in Example 10.

Example 13

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 6 parts of ammonium alginate described in Example 1 is added to tap water in a mixer in substantially the same manner as described in Example 10. To the alginate / water mixture, about 26 parts of glycerin and about 48 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate particles are added.

The resulting slurry is cast in sheet form and air dried. The smoke-filled material thus produced is surface treated with about 20 parts of tobacco dust according to the method described in Example 10.

Example 14

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

To the tap water in the mixer is added about 12 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1. Add about 48 parts of glycerin and about 40 parts of tobacco leaf dust to the alginate / water mixture.

The resulting slurry is cast to a sheet thickness of about 0.03 inches and air dried.

Example 15

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

To the tap water in the mixer is added about 12 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1. To the alginate / water mixture, about 24 parts of glycerin, about 24 parts of propylene glycol and about 40 parts of tobacco leaf dust are added.

The resulting slurry is cast to a sheet thickness of about 0.03 inches and air dried.

Example 16

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

To the tap water in the mixer is added about 10 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1. To the alginate / water mixture, about 38 parts of glycerin, about 32 parts of tobacco leaf dust and about 20 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate particles are added.

The resulting slurry is cast to a sheet thickness of about 0.03 inches and air dried.

Example 17

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

To the tap water in the mixer is added about 7 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1. To the alginate / water mixture, about 29 parts of glycerin, about 24 parts of tobacco leaf dust and about 40 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate particles are added.

The resulting slurry is cast to a thickness of about 0.02 inches in sheet form and air dried.

Example 18

A. Preparation of Tobacco-Containing Smoking Filling Materials

About 1000 parts of tap water and about 13 parts of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 were put into a high shear mixer, and the mixture was stirred for about 15 minutes. Then about 10 parts of glycerin and about 10 parts of propylene glycol are added to the mixture. To the resulting mixture is added about 5 parts of diammonium orthophosphate. Then, about 10 parts of crushed Amarellino tobacco leaves, about 7 parts of crushed flue-treated tobacco leaves, and about 15 parts of spray-dried aqueous Burley tobacco extract are added. Then about 20 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate particles commercially available from Pfizer Corp. under code number 2A and about 10 parts of the calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described in Example 1 are added.

The mixture is stirred to form a smooth slurry, cast to a thickness of about 0.04 inch on a polyethylene sheet and then forced air dried at a temperature of about 150 ° F. (65.6 ° C.). The resulting reconstituted tobacco sheet is cut into about 25 pieces of strands per inch. The strands are conditioned overnight at about 24 ° C. and about 40% relative humidity.

B. Preparation of Cigarettes

A cigarette as shown in FIG. 3 is prepared as follows:

Each cigarette comprises a smoking rod about 78 mm long and about 24.8 mm long, a cigarette rod about 38 mm long, a first filter compartment about 16 mm long, and a second filter compartment about 24 mm long. . The first and second filter sections form a filter member. A pore-free finishing paper is used to attach each filter compartment to each smoking rod. The finishing paper in each cigarette surrounds the filter element and a smoking rod portion of about 4 mm length which is enclosed with the filter element. The filter element is vented to 60% of air dilution by drilling the suction hole through the full lug wrap of the filter element surrounding the cigarette about 24 mm at the extreme end of the finished paper and the mouth-facing cigarette.

The smoking rod comprises a smoking filler material wrapped between two layers of packaging. The inner surface of the outer packaging material is in direct contact with the outer surface of the inner packaging material, and the inner packaging material surrounds the smoking filling material.

Using the filter rod manufacturing apparatus described in Example 1 of US Pat. No. 4,807,809 (Fryer company), wrinkles were applied to the mutant and tobacco 11.75 inch butterfly webs commercially available from Kimberly-Clark Corp. under the tradename P-144-BAC. Make the first filter section as noise. The plug wrap for the filter compartment is a paper plug wrap. The first filter compartment is positioned adjacent to the smoking rod.

The second filter compartment is a piece of cellulose acetate (8 denier per filament totaling 40,000 denier per filament) plasticized by triacetin and surrounded by a paperless wrap wrap without pores. The second filter compartment is positioned adjacent to the first filter compartment at the extreme end of the cigarette to which the mouth touches.

The cigarette outer wrapper of the smoking rod is a calcium carbonate / flame paper sold by Kimberly-Clark Corp. under reference number 854.

The internal packaging of the smoking rod is commercially available as P-2674-157 from Kimberly-Clark Corp.

A cigarette is used by burning the smoking rod so that the smoking material in the wrapper burns to produce smoke. In smoking, these cigarettes produce only a very small amount of incidental smoke visible and virtually no incidental smell. This cigarette does not turn off on its own while smoking under FTC smoking conditions.

Example 19

Cigarettes were prepared in the manner as described in Example 18 except that the cigarette outer wrapper was P-2831-60-1 sold by Kimberly-Clark Corp.

Example 20

Smoking filling materials are prepared as follows:

About 225 parts of tap water is mixed with about 2.8 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose sold by CMC 7HF at Hercules Inc. About 25 parts of glycerin and about 25 parts of propylene glycol are added to the mixture. Then about 47 parts of the calcined aggregated calcium carbonate described in Example 1 are added to the mixture.

The resulting slurry is cast in sheet form and air dried.

Example 21

Tobacco-containing smoking filler materials are prepared as follows:

About 7.2 g of the ammonium alginate described in Example 1 is dispersed in about 400 ml of tap water at ambient temperature and the mixture is stirred at high speed using a mixer. To the resulting mixture, about 24.2 g of glycerin and about 12.1 g of propylene glycol are added, and the resulting mixture is further stirred for about 5 minutes by a high shear mixer. About 2 g of diammonium orthophosphate is dissolved in about 20 g of water and placed into the mixture. About 10 g of precipitated calcium carbonate, commercially available at Pfizer Corp. under code number 2A, was dispersed in about 100 ml of tap water, placed in an aqueous slurry of glycerin, propylene glycol and alginate, and the resulting mixture was stirred until a smooth slurry was produced. do. To the resulting slurry, about 36.4 g of a mixture of volume expanded flue-treated and burley tobacco leaves milled to a particle size of -35 / + 80 US mesh is added and the mixture is slowly stirred.

The resulting slurry is cast to a thickness of about 0.04 inches on a high density polyethylene sheet and air dried for about 30 minutes. An aqueous solution of calcium chloride 1% is sprayed onto the top of the casting sheet so that about 1% of calcium chloride is applied to the casting sheet on a dry weight basis. The slurry is then air dried to obtain a relatively stiff sheet.

The resulting sheet is cut into about 32 pieces per inch to produce a smoking filler material.

Claims (15)

Aerosol forming materials comprising the following components and used in smoking articles: (i) tobacco material, (ii) at least 40% by weight of at least one aerosol forming material, and (iii) at least 3% by weight of binder. The aerosol former according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises ammonium alginate. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aerosol-forming material comprises a polyol. 4. An aerosol-forming material according to claim 3, wherein the aerosol-forming material comprises glycerin. 5. An aerosol-forming material according to claim 1, 2 or 4 wherein the amount of aerosol-forming material relative to the tobacco material is in the range of about 2: 1 to 1: 2 by weight. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the tobacco material is in the form of tobacco extract. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the tobacco material is a tobacco stem material. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 1, 2 or 4, further comprising a metal ion blocking agent. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the aerosol-forming material is a cast sheet material. 10. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 9, wherein the cast sheet material is in the form of a cut filler. 10. The aerosol-forming material according to claim 9, wherein the cast sheet material is coated with finely divided tobacco. A cigarette smoking product comprising the following components: (a) a filler comprising the aerosol-forming material according to claim 1, 2 or 4, and (b) a packaging material surrounding the filler. 13. The smoking article according to claim 12, wherein the filling material comprises a tobacco material and an aerosol forming material in which the total amount of the tobacco material and the aerosol forming material is 40% or more based on the weight of the filling material. The smoking article according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the packaging material is paper having a porosity of less than about 5 CORESTA units. The smoking article according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the smoking article has a two-layer packaging material surrounding the filling material.