CN100352831C - 地榆总皂苷提取物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
地榆总皂苷提取物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100352831C CN100352831C CNB2003101192481A CN200310119248A CN100352831C CN 100352831 C CN100352831 C CN 100352831C CN B2003101192481 A CNB2003101192481 A CN B2003101192481A CN 200310119248 A CN200310119248 A CN 200310119248A CN 100352831 C CN100352831 C CN 100352831C
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- extract
- radix sanguisorbae
- total saponin
- burnet
- saponin extract
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种地榆总皂苷提取物及其制备方法和用途。本发明的技术方案是:提供一种地榆总皂苷提取物,其含有地榆总皂苷,其重量百分比为10~90%,可用于制备治疗或预防人白细胞减少症的药物制剂中。本发明的有益效果是:由于地榆总皂苷提取物具有良好的升高白细胞作用,可将其制成口服片剂、胶囊等多种剂型,适用于不明原因的原发性白细胞减少症,尤其是肿瘤放、化疗引起白细胞减少症,以及其他药物所致白细胞减少症的治疗,具有疗效显著、价格低廉、使用方便等优势特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药提取物及其制备方法和用途,具体地说,涉及一种地榆总皂苷提取物及其制备方法,以及它在制备治疗或预防人白细胞减少症的药物制剂中的用途。
背景技术
从世界人口谱、疾病谱来看,肿瘤对于人类健康危害极大,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势,而其死亡率则居众多疾病之首位。在肿瘤的治疗方法中,以放疗、化疗为主的药物综合治疗仍然是目前肿瘤治疗的主要手段和方法。然而放疗、化疗自身存在难以克服的明显毒副作用,主要毒副作用首先是骨髓造血功能的抑制,表现为外用血白细胞及血小板的明显降低,这一毒副作用严重制约放、化疗顺利进行和疗效发挥。
目前针对放化疗所导致白细胞减少症主要采用各类药物治疗,包括各种中药制剂,如人参、当归、黄芪、阿胶、白术、补骨脂、刺五加枸杞子等组成的单味及复方制剂[中国中医药信息杂志.2001,8(5):18];西药制剂,如鲨肝醇、白血生、利血生、肌苷、维生素B4(新编药物学.人民卫生出版社.14版,402),但上述中、西药物的临床疗效都较为有限。近年来,新的生物制剂如粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF),粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)开始应用于临床,其升白作用显著,但价格昂贵。目前,针对肿瘤放、化疗所致的白细胞减少症,以及其他原因引起的白细胞减少症,临床仍然缺乏疗效显著、价格低廉、使用方便的治疗药物。
地榆属Sanguisorba I..系蔷薇科多年生草本植物,生长在山地灌木丛、草原、山坡、田岸。我国有7种,南北均有分布,主要品种有地榆Sanguisorba officinalis,长叶地榆S.longifolia,矮地榆S.filiformis,小白花地榆S.parviflora,细叶地榆S.tenuifolia,小地榆S.minor,高山地榆S.alpinaBge.,白花地榆S.sitchensis。据2000版《中国药典》(一部)和《中华本草》(上海科学技术出版社,1999年9月第1版,第四卷.281)记载,中药地榆为蔷薇科植物地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis L.)或长叶地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis L.var.Longifolia(Bettol.)Yüet Li)的根。全国大部分地区均产,春秋季采挖,除去地上茎叶,洗净晒干。其根呈圆柱形,略扭曲状弯曲,表面棕褐色,具明显纵皱。质坚,稍脆,折断面平整,略具粉质。气微,味微苦涩。地榆为常用中药,其功能主治为:凉血止血,清热解毒,消肿敛疮。主治吐血、咯血、衄血、尿血、便血、痔血、血痢、崩漏、赤白带下、疮痈肿痛、湿疹、阴痒、水火烫伤、蛇虫咬伤。
现代研究表明,地榆主要含多种鞣质、三帖及其苷、黄酮类、糖类和无机微量元素,其中含鞣质达17-25%,皂苷2.5-4%[地榆属植物研究进展.中草药.1996,27(增刊):213;中药化学.上海人民出版社.1975]。地榆具有止血、抗炎、促进伤口愈合、抗菌、镇吐等多方面药理活性,毒理研究表明地榆水提液及醇提液的毒性极小。进一步研究已发现,地榆所含鞣质及多元酚具有较强的止血作用,但现有研究对地榆皂苷类成分及其活性研究较少,尚无地榆总皂苷提取物及其治疗白细胞减少症的有关文献记载或研究报道。
发明内容
针对现有的治疗白细胞减少症治疗药物的缺陷,本发明提供一种具有升高白细胞作用的地榆总皂苷提取物及其制备方法,该提取物可作为升白药物应用于人类白细胞减少症的治疗及预防。
本发明的技术方案是:提供一种地榆总皂苷提取物,其含有地榆总皂苷,其重量百分比为10~90%。更进一步,其含有重量百分比为40~90%的地榆总皂苷。
本发明所述的地榆总皂苷提取物中,含有一种或几种具有以下化学结构的三萜类皂苷:
地榆皂苷-I:3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-19α-羟基乌索-12烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基酯(ziyu-glycoside I)。
地榆皂苷-II:19α-羟基乌索-12烯-28-羧酸-3-α-O-L-阿拉伯糖苷(ziyu-glycoside II)。
3β[(α-L-阿拉伯糖)羟基]乌索-12,19(29)-二烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基。
2α,3α,19α-三羟基乌索-12烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基酯。
所述的地榆总皂苷提取物,是由地榆属(Sanguisorba)植物提取获得的。更具体的,是从地榆[Sanguisorba officinalis L.]或长叶地榆[Sanguisorba officinalis L.var.Longifolia(Bettol.)Yüet Li]中提取获得,最优选的提取物是自中药地榆提取获得的。
本发明还提供上述地榆总皂苷提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、将原药材经过适当粉碎后,用水、甲醇或乙醇,或含水醇类,室温或加热(包括回流)提取1~3小时,可重复提取1~3次,然后滤去药渣,滤液在常压或减压下浓缩至一定浓度,静置备用。
b、将上述提取浓缩液用聚酰胺柱吸附,然后用浓度为30-90%的乙醇洗脱柱子,洗脱液减压回收后,可重复用聚酰胺柱吸附1~3次,得浸膏,经真空或冷冻干燥成干粉。
其中,提取溶剂以50~90%乙醇溶液较好。乙醇溶液用量为药材重量的6~12倍,8倍为佳。洗脱液为60~90%7醇,以70%为佳。以上制备的干粉,为浅黄色固体物质,味微苦。其中所含总皂苷为总重量的10%~90%。
以上制备的干粉,即地榆总皂苷提取物,为浅黄色固体物质,味微苦。其中所含地榆总皂苷为总重量的10%-90%。地榆总皂苷提取物参照文献[Triterpene glycosides from the roots Sanguisorbaofficindis,Phytochenistry,57(5),773-779,2001]可分离鉴定和制备得到:地榆皂苷-I:3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-19α-羟基乌索-12烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基酯(ziyu-glycoside I);地榆皂苷-II:19α-羟基乌索-12烯-28-羧酸-3-α-O-L-阿拉伯糖苷(ziyu-glycosideII);3β[(α-L-阿拉伯糖)羟基]乌索-12,19(29)-二烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基;2α,3α,19α-三羟基乌索-12烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基酯等多种皂苷成分。
上述地榆总皂苷提取物,用于制备治疗或预防人白细胞减少症的药物制剂中,该药物制剂中含有上述地榆总皂苷或为含有地榆总皂苷的复方,即配伍有其他升高白细胞的西药或中药活性成分。所述制剂是口服片剂、胶囊、口服液或注射液。
①片剂:包括普通片、薄膜片、肠溶片等。用上述总皂苷干粉,加入适量稀释剂如淀粉、糊精、甘露醇、微晶纤维等,适量的粘合剂如水、乙醇、淀粉浆、明胶、纤维素等,适量的崩解剂如干淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、海藻酸钠等,以及适量的润滑剂如硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、聚乙二醇等,按常规湿法制粒,干燥后整粒或干法制粒后压片。如是包薄膜衣片,可用成膜材料如纤维素类、聚乙二醇类等,按常规包衣,分装入密闭瓶或铝塑板中。
②胶囊剂:包括普通胶囊剂、肠溶胶囊剂等。将上述总皂苷干粉加入适量辅料如淀粉、碳酸钙、甘露醇、氧化镁、微粉硅胶等,适量润滑剂如滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、乙二醇酯,聚硅酮类等,以及适量的黏合剂如矿物油、食油等,混合成干粉或制成颗粒,填充入胶囊,分装如密闭铝塑包装中。以上各剂型可加入适量甜味剂,如D-木糖,木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甜叶菊素、天冬甜母等。
③口服液:口服液制备过程中,用上述地榆总皂苷干粉加入药用添加剂,如悬浮剂(如山梨醇糖浆、纤维素衍生物、葡萄糖/蔗糖糖浆、明胶、硬脂酸铝胶或氢化食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如卵磷脂、阿拉伯胶或失水山梨醇-油酸酯);非水载体(例如杏仁油、油状酯、乙醇或精炼植物油);以及防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸)。根据需要,液体制剂还可以含有已知的缓冲剂、矫味剂和芳香成分、染料和甜味剂。
④注射液:用上述地榆总皂苷干粉,加入药用辅剂,如悬浮剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂和/或调节溶液渗透压的试剂,可配制成注射剂,优选肌肉、静脉注射液。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,其含有权利要求1至6所述的地榆总皂苷提取物,或者含有权利要求1至6所述的地榆总皂苷提取物与其他升高白细胞的西药或中药活性成分配伍成的复方。
按照本发明,可以将上述地榆总皂苷提取物与其他中药和/或其他化学药物共同组成中药复方或中西药复方制剂,并按照常规方法制成口服片剂、胶囊、口服液、注射液等多种剂型。
本发明的有益效果是:由于地榆总皂苷提取物具有良好的升高白细胞作用,可将其制成口服片剂、胶囊等多种剂型,适用于不明原因的原发性白细胞减少症,尤其是肿瘤放、化疗引起白细胞减少症,以及其他药物所致白细胞减少症的治疗,具有疗效显著、价格低廉、使用方便等优势特点。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
实施例1:地榆总皂苷提取物的制备
地榆1000g,粉碎后加70%乙醇溶液8L,加热回流提取1.5小时,滤渣再加6L70%乙醇溶液,加热回流提取1小时,过滤。合并两次滤液,浓缩至一定浓度,静置备用。取聚酰胺装柱,将上述提取液用聚酰胺柱吸附,然后用浓度为70%的乙醇洗脱柱子,收集洗脱液,洗脱液减压回收乙醇得浸膏后,加水加热溶解,再重复用聚酰胺柱吸附1次,最后得浸膏,真空干燥成干粉,得24g地榆总皂苷提取物,其地榆总皂苷含量为总重量的55%。
实施例2:地榆总皂苷提取物对60Co-γ所致小鼠骨髓损伤的保护作用
昆明种小鼠60只,雌雄各半,分为6组:正常对照组、模型对照组、地榆总皂苷提取物(为实施例1所得地榆总皂苷提取物)高、中、低剂量组,鲨肝醇组。以上6组动物,除正常对照组动物外,其余5组动物均在给药前1天用60Co-γ射线照射一次,剂量为4Gy,24小时后再随机分为5组,除正常对照组和模型对照组灌胃蒸馏水0.4ml/只,其余各组按不同剂量灌胃给药,每日1次,连续7日。末次给药24小时,拔除小鼠眼球取血,检测血中WBC(白细数总数)、RBC(红细胞数)、PLT(血小板数),结果见表1。
表1地榆总皂苷提取物对60Co照射损伤小鼠血液学的影响(X±SD)
组别 | 动物数(只) | 剂量(mg/kg) | WBC(×109/L) | RBC(×1012/L) | PLT(×109/L) |
正常组 | 10 | - | 8.82±2.11 | 7.48±0.53 | 1062±544 |
模型组 | 8 | - | 4.61±3.24△△ | 7.26±0.53 | 314±249 |
大剂量组 | 12 | 0.48 | 13.80±5.88** | 7.81±0.90 | 611±461 |
中剂量组 | 10 | 0.24 | 18.81±9.26** | 7.01±0.59 | 345±148 |
小剂量组 | 11 | 0.25 | 9.97±7.96* | 7.70±0.67 | 297±114 |
鲨肝醇组 | 9 | 100 | 11.55±7.98** | 6.51±0.59 | 345±299 |
注:模型组与正常对照组比较,△△p<0.01
药物治疗组与模型组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01
表1结果显示,地榆总皂苷提取物各剂量与模型对照组比较有极显著性或显著性差异,即地榆总皂苷提取物对60Co-γ照射所致外用血白细胞减少有明显保护作用,大、中剂量组疗效优于阳性对照药鲨肝醇组。
实施例3:地榆总皂苷提取物对环磷酰胺致小鼠白细胞减少的治疗作用
昆明种小鼠67只,雌雄各半,随机分为6组,即正常对照组,环磷酰胺模型对照组(Cy组),Cy+地榆总皂苷提取物(为实施例1所得地榆总皂苷提取物)高、中、低剂量组,Cy+鲨肝醇组。除正常对照组外,其余各组小鼠均腹腔注射环磷酰胺(Cy)150mg/kg造成白细胞减少症模型。于注射Cy当日开始按正常组和Cy模型对照组分别按20ml/kg给予蒸馏水。其余各组按不同剂量分别给予不同药物,每日1次,灌胃给药,连续10天。末次给药后24小时后,摘眼球取血,并检测血中白细胞总数WBC,结果见表2。
表2结果显示,地榆总皂苷提取物各剂量与模型对照组比较有极显著性或显著性差异,即地榆总皂苷提取物对环磷酰胺所致外周血白细胞减少有明显保护作用。
表2地榆总皂苷对环磷酰胺致小鼠白细胞减少的影响(X±SD)
组别 | 动物数(只) | 剂量(mg/kg) | WBC(×109/L) |
正常组 | 10 | - | 8.22±1.33 |
Cy模型组 | 10 | - | 0.64±0.13△△ |
Cy+大剂量组 | 12 | 0.48 | 1.05±0.64 |
Cy+中剂量组 | 12 | 0.24 | 4.41±2.95** |
Cy+小剂量组 | 12 | 0.12 | 1.68±1.63** |
Cy鲨肝醇组 | 11 | 100 | 2.51±1.51** |
注:模型组与正常对照组比较,△△p<0.01
药物治疗组与模型组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01
通过以上药理实验可以证明,本发明的地榆总皂苷提取物,对骨髓损伤及白细胞减少有明显的治疗作用。
实施例4:片剂的制备
片剂组成:地榆总皂苷提取物 0.5g
HPMCLV100 30g
乳糖 70g
硬脂酸镁 1g (共制成1000片)
地榆总皂苷、HPMC、乳糖混匀,以75%乙醇为粘合剂制湿颗粒,过22目筛,50℃干燥3h,22目筛整粒,加入硬脂酸镁混匀压片,每片重0.1g,用于白细胞减少症患者,口服,每日三次,每次1片,一月为一疗程。
实施例5:胶囊剂的制备
胶囊组成:地榆总皂苷提取物 0.5g
淀粉 100g
硬脂酸镁 1g (共制成1000粒)
地榆总皂苷提取物、淀粉、硬脂酸镁,混匀,装胶囊。每粒装100mg,用于白细胞减少症患者,口服,每日三次,每次1片,一月为一疗程。
实施例6:注射液的制备
注射液组成:地榆总皂苷提取物 0.5g
吐温80 10ml
氯化钠 8g(共制成1000ml)
地榆总皂苷提取物,加10%Na2CO3调PH至7.0-7.5,冷藏滤过,加吐温-80,NaCl,加注射用水至1000ml,G3垂熔漏斗(玻璃)滤过,分装,灌封,100℃流通蒸气灭菌30min即得。
实施例7:复方片剂的制备
用地榆总皂苷提取物制备复方制剂,取地榆总皂苷提取物0.5g,人参总皂甙200g,黄芪总皂苷200g,按常规方法,加入相应辅料,制成片剂或胶囊。每粒装200mg,用于白细胞减少症患者,口服,每日三次,每次1片,一月为一疗程。
Claims (8)
2、根据权利要求1所述的地榆总皂苷提取物,其特征是:由地榆属植物提取获得。
3、根据权利要求2所述的地榆总皂苷提取物,其特征是:从地榆或长叶地榆中提取获得。
4、一种制备权利要求1-3任一项所述的地榆总皂苷提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、将原药材经过适当粉碎后,用水、甲醇或乙醇,或含水醇类,室温或加热提取1~3小时,可重复提取1~3次,然后滤去药渣,滤液在常压或减压下浓缩至一定浓度,静置备用;
b、将上述提取浓缩液用聚酰胺柱吸附,然后用浓度为30-90%的乙醇洗脱柱子,洗脱液减压回收后,可重复用聚酰胺柱吸附1~3次,得浸膏,经真空或冷冻干燥成干粉。
5、权利要求1-3任一项所述的地榆总皂苷提取物在制备治疗或预防人白细胞减少症的药物制剂中的用途。
6、根据权利要求5所述的地榆总皂苷提取物的用途,其特征在于:所述的药物制剂含有权利要求1至3任一项所述的地榆总皂苷的提取物。
7、根据权利要求5或6所述的地榆总皂苷提取物的用途,其特征在于:所述的药物制剂为口服片剂、胶囊、口服液或注射液。
8、一种药物组合物,其特征在于:其含有权利要求1至3任一项所述的地榆总皂苷提取物。
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