CN100342619C - 其转子适宜高速旋转的电机 - Google Patents

其转子适宜高速旋转的电机 Download PDF

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CN100342619C
CN100342619C CNB031224644A CN03122464A CN100342619C CN 100342619 C CN100342619 C CN 100342619C CN B031224644 A CNB031224644 A CN B031224644A CN 03122464 A CN03122464 A CN 03122464A CN 100342619 C CN100342619 C CN 100342619C
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rotating shaft
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CN1455493A (zh
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D·劳伦
G·佩格拉罗
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Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

旋转电机的转子(1)包括用非磁性材料制作的转轴(2),和用磁性材料制作且环绕该转轴的许多片几片相结合的楔形闩条(51)将永久磁铁(4)固定在受槽(40)中。

Description

其转子适宜高速旋转的电机
技术领域
本发明涉及其转子具有永久磁铁的旋转电机。更具体地说,本发明涉及其磁铁放在转子凹槽中的电机。上述电机通常叫做预埋磁铁的电机。转子这种构造原来广泛应用于磁通集中的无刷同步电机。
背景技术
旋转电机的尺寸取决于它的额定转矩,马达所能提供的转矩形越大,在其它条件相同时电机的体积越大。但有的场合希望马达的功率高,同时结构又紧凑。为了给出一个恰好的实例,本发明准备将牵引电机装入汽车轮子内,希望每台电机能发出10KW的功率,大部分时间甚至在25或30KW以上,同时重量尽量小,以便使弹簧下质量不太重。还希望体积很小,行驶时尽量不伸出车轮内体积以外,因而在悬架挠曲时及轮子与车身作其它形式的相对运动时,不会与车辆的构件相碰。
这两个要求(功率大、重量和体积小)很难使得将牵引电机装入私用车辆又不对目前市场上可买到的电机在重量功率比上作重大改进。
在电机的设计阶段,选择高速转的一条途径是,对于给定功率而言,使扭矩和体积减小。换言之,对给定马达的额定功率而言,额定转速越高,其体积就越小。但提高旋转电机的转速会带来许多机械行为的问题,如果本发明试图将旋转电机的重量和体积尽量保持小些则这些问题特别严重。
专利申请EP1001507E提出拟达到高速的特殊结构。该项专利申请期待达到的转速约为12,000rpm,为此提出的具体结构,其整个装置包括一根非磁性的多边形整体转轴,和合理地布置在此转轴周围的极片。
如果转速有进一步的增大,磁铁的机械行为就要出问题。其径向外缘有破裂的危险。磁铁片甩出去的危险,这似乎意味着在上述转速下内转子电机达到了转速顶峰。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种旋转电机的结构,它有内转子和外定子,能在高转速下不会发生转子磁铁甩出去的问题。
本发明提出的旋转电机包括外定子和内转子,转子和定子之间有气隙,其中转子包括:
转轴,它利用轴承装配到定子上且该转轴的外套管用非磁性材料制造,所述轴承确定转轴的旋转轴线的位置,从垂直于旋转轴线的截面上看,转轴形状为凸多边形;
多片极片,它用磁性材料制造并环绕转轴,极片的径向内缘与转轴表面接触而径向外缘与气隙为邻,极片确定了极片间受槽的位置;
侧向法兰,其轴向位置在极片两侧,同时转轴穿过侧向法兰的中心孔,其中用于容置楔形闩条穿过的孔在侧向法兰的周边,并且与所述受槽相对;
各极片的至少一根拉杆,该拉杆把各极片夹紧在两侧向法兰之间;
楔形闩条,它与每个相邻极片上的侧角配合,因此能阻止磁铁作径向向外运动,所述楔形闩条穿过所述用于容置楔形闩条穿过的孔;以及
永久磁铁,装配在上述的受槽中。
因此,磁铁受槽在径向外侧处被阻塞,使转速可以高得多而不会损坏磁铁。应当注意,极片通常由许多切成要求形状的铁磁性底板沿径向叠合而成。这些底板的安放位置基本上与转轴的旋转轴线垂直。
附图说明
本发明可参照下图从下面的说明书中获得较好的理解,附图中:
图1是一透视图,示出根据本发明所述电机的转子;
图2是一剖视图,示出根据本发明所述电机的转子和定子,本剖面通过电机的旋转轴,并通过磁铁受槽;
图3是一剖视图,示出根据本发明所述电机的转子,本剖面垂直于旋转轴线,图中省略了磁铁;
图4示出根据本发明所述电机的楔形闩条的详图;
图5示出楔形闩条的第一变体;
图6示出楔形闩条的第二变体;及
图7示出楔形闩条的第三变体。
具体实施方式
在图1-3中,示出的六极电机具有定子S(只在图2中示出)和转子1,转轴2支承在轴承20上。可以看到很多片铁磁薄片了,组成六个极片30。各薄片3均与转轴的旋转轴线基本垂直。附带应当指出,本发明也适用于整体极片(非多层极片)的情况。在转轴2的轴向两侧可看见在极片30两侧均有一侧面法兰5(最好用非磁性材料制造)。还可看到可选用的中间平板7(最好用非磁性材料制造)。各侧面法兰5及中间平板7(如果有的话)都有中心孔。在此所述的非限制性实例中,中心孔是多边形的。此孔形状与转轴2配合。对各极片30而言,拉杆6穿过薄片3的叠层及中间平板(如果有的话),将整个部件夹紧在两个侧面法兰5之间。
永久磁铁4放在各极片30间的受槽40中。图3较清楚地显示一条受槽40,因而将其中的一条磁铁删除。同理,图2剖面中受槽40内也没有磁铁。极片30的纵向平面300与转子旋转轴线平行。纵向平面300是接纳磁铁4的受槽的边界。各极片30的径向外缘32画出一条中心在转子旋转轴线的弧。转轴2的与旋转轴线垂直的截面形状是凸多边形。该凸多边形平面以边21交界。磁铁4与转轴各平面直接接触。欲知详情读者可参看上面提及的专利申请EP1001507,该文所述的全部特点也可适用于本发明,虽然本发明的用途不局限于这种场合。
每条磁铁受槽被楔形闩条51封闭(见图1、2、3)。图2也示出二条楔形闩条51。图1清楚示出,楔形闩条51穿过在装磁铁受槽对面的两侧面法兰5周边的孔50。配置的中间平板7中也如此。
此外,极片30的各纵向平面300上都有一条凹槽31,它与转子旋转轴线平行且从各极片30的外缘32附近的纵向平面中凹陷下去,同时,极片径向高度能大于磁铁4的高度。因此将每条楔形闩条51支撑到相邻极片上形成的二条凹槽31中。于是磁铁4在结构上与极片30成一体。凹槽31的基本功能是形成侧角,以防楔形闩条及磁铁被离心力甩出去。由于拉杆、侧面法兰及中间平板(如有的话),极片本身与转轴2形成一整体。转子可远高于10,000rpm,即约在20,000rpm以上转动而不发生损坏。
这种组合件耐甩出去的能力已经证明如此有效,以致可构想不再需要将磁铁粘结在受槽中,这使转子制造更简单。因此在本发明的特殊但有利的实施例中,在各磁铁与相邻部件之间,转子上并没有粘合剂。
凹槽31与侧向法兰5中孔50的四周侧面500结合。同样,凹槽31与中间平板7上类似孔的四周侧面(图上未画出)结合。
装配时首先由极片,侧向法兰、中间平板及拉杆组成的整个组合件安装在转轴2的四周。然后将磁铁插入受槽中,沿径向滑进各受槽的外侧端口直到与转轴2接触。最后,用楔形闩条51的尾部510插进侧向法兰5的一个孔50中,然后平行于旋转轴线滑动直到该尾部插进相对的侧向法兰的对应孔中。
不言而喻,上述实施例的细节不是限制性的。显然,孔50并非是使楔形闩条51与极片结构上成一体所必不可少的,作为又一变体,可以只提供盲孔来接纳楔形闩条并将其在径向夹住。同样十分明显,楔形闩条与其他部件的组装方式可以不同:例如,楔形闩条可在装配侧向法兰之前先置于磁铁中。将楔形闩条装在侧向法兰上便于组装,但此结构对磁铁正常工作并非绝对必要的。所做的一切全是为了楔形闩条与极片的结合。
此外,必须避免磁短路,因为这样将阻止部分或全部由转子的磁铁产生的磁通环流列定子并与定子电流产生的磁通配合。一个办法是楔形闩条用非磁性材料制造。非磁性材料可选自复合材料、铝合金、非磁性钢、陶瓷及钛。此外,必须预防有涡流,或限制其大小,使电机效率不下降。一个办法是楔形闩条用非导电材料制造。例如采用强度好,能承受高速旋转时产生的大应力的复合材料。这种楔形闩条的一例示于图4。图7示出这种楔形闩条的另一例,其截面形状是梯形,本发明说明图1、3、4中呈现的楔形闩条断面形状不是限制性的。
在图5和6所示的楔形闩条的变体中,所提出的其他结构可用于导电的非磁性材料制造楔形闩条。图5中的楔形闩条51B,其薄底510B的形状在与旋转轴线平行方向加长,而其上面有许多块体511B,这些块体在纵向互相接近并由缝512B隔开。各块体511B互相不接触。虽然材料是导体的,但由于底薄,因此涡流极少,其对电极效率的影响可忽略不计。块体511B纵向尺寸尽量短是有利的。
图6示出的实施例是楔形闩条51C,它有许多相邻单元511C。这些单元沿纵向对齐,其制造材料是导电的且用不导电的材料512C互相粘结。单元511C的纵向尺寸尽量短是有利的。因此,涡流极小。

Claims (9)

1、旋转电机,包括外面的定子和里面的转子,在定子和转子之间有气隙,其特征在于转子包括:
转轴,它利用轴承装配到定子上且该转轴的外套管用非磁性材料制造,所述轴承确定转轴的旋转轴线的位置,从垂直于旋转轴线的截面上看,转轴形状为凸多边形;
多片极片,它用磁性材料制造并环绕转轴,极片的径向内缘与转轴表面接触而径向外缘与气隙为邻,极片确定了极片间受槽的位置;
侧向法兰,其轴向位置在极片两侧,同时转轴穿过侧向法兰的中心孔,其中用于容置楔形闩条穿过的孔在侧向法兰的周边,并且与所述受槽相对;
各极片的至少一根拉杆,该拉杆把各极片夹紧在两侧向法兰之间;
楔形闩条,它与每个相邻极片上的侧角配合,因此能阻止磁铁作径向向外运动,所述楔形闩条穿过所述用于容置楔形闩条穿过的孔;以及
永久磁铁,装在上述受槽中。
2、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于各侧角由凹槽构成,该凹槽与转子旋转轴线平行且从各极片外缘附近处极片的纵向平面上凹陷形成。
3、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于楔形闩条用非磁性材料制造。
4、根据权利要求3所述的电机,其特征在于非磁性材料可选用复合材料、铝合金、非磁性钢、陶瓷或钛。
5、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于楔形闩条用导电材料制造且由沿与旋转轴线平行的方向伸长的薄底并加上许多块体构成,这些块体在轴向互相靠近但不接触。
6、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于楔形闩条由许多相邻块体构成,这些块体在轴向对齐,用导电材料制造且用非导电材料互相粘结。
7、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于转子的各块永久磁铁与相邻的极片、转轴平面、楔形闩条接触时无需粘合剂。
8、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于每块永久磁铁与转轴的一个平面接触。
9、根据权利要求1所述的电机,其特征在于各极片是许多铁磁性薄片叠合而成,每张薄片垂直于转轴的旋转轴线。
CNB031224644A 2002-04-29 2003-04-28 其转子适宜高速旋转的电机 Expired - Fee Related CN100342619C (zh)

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FR0205478A FR2839211A1 (fr) 2002-04-29 2002-04-29 Machine electrique dont le rotor est specialement adapte aux hautes vitesses

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US6967420B2 (en) 2005-11-22
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US20040004407A1 (en) 2004-01-08
JP2003324920A (ja) 2003-11-14
CN100585983C (zh) 2010-01-27
EP1359657A1 (fr) 2003-11-05
CN101102059A (zh) 2008-01-09
CN101102060A (zh) 2008-01-09
CN101102059B (zh) 2010-04-07

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