CH633499A5 - Nonporous glass composition containing a radioactive material in the form of oxides or of elements which is embedded and immobilised by chemical binding in the glass matrix - Google Patents
Nonporous glass composition containing a radioactive material in the form of oxides or of elements which is embedded and immobilised by chemical binding in the glass matrix Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH633499A5 CH633499A5 CH355578A CH355578A CH633499A5 CH 633499 A5 CH633499 A5 CH 633499A5 CH 355578 A CH355578 A CH 355578A CH 355578 A CH355578 A CH 355578A CH 633499 A5 CH633499 A5 CH 633499A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- radioactive
- preform
- glass
- radioactive material
- mol
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 13
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
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- 101100348017 Drosophila melanogaster Nazo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
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- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0095—Solution impregnating; Solution doping; Molecular stuffing, e.g. of porous glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US78443277A | 1977-04-04 | 1977-04-04 | |
| US83677877A | 1977-09-26 | 1977-09-26 | |
| US05/884,371 US4224177A (en) | 1978-03-09 | 1978-03-09 | Fixation of radioactive materials in a glass matrix |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH633499A5 true CH633499A5 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
Family
ID=27419815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH355578A CH633499A5 (en) | 1977-04-04 | 1978-04-03 | Nonporous glass composition containing a radioactive material in the form of oxides or of elements which is embedded and immobilised by chemical binding in the glass matrix |
Country Status (17)
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA786514B (en) * | 1978-11-09 | 1980-07-30 | Litovitz T | Immobilization of radwastes in glass containers and products formed thereby |
| BE879880A (fr) * | 1978-11-09 | 1980-05-07 | Macedo Pedro B | Fixation par echange d'ions de matieres toxiques dans une matrice de verre |
| DE3045878C2 (de) * | 1980-12-05 | 1986-01-23 | Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk AG, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zum Verfestigen von flüssigen, Borsäure enthaltenden Abfällen aus dem Primärkühlkreislauf von Kernkraftwerken |
| DE3214242A1 (de) * | 1982-04-17 | 1983-10-20 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Verfahren zur verbesserung der fuer eine langzeitlagerung erforderlichen eigenschaften von verfestigungen radioaktiver abfaelle |
| FR2563936B1 (fr) * | 1984-05-04 | 1989-04-28 | Sgn Soc Gen Tech Nouvelle | Procede pour l'enrobage et le stockage de matieres dangereuses, notamment radioactives, dans un conteneur monolithique, dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procede et produit obtenu |
| JPH0721556B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-28 | 1995-03-08 | 動力炉・核燃料料開発事業団 | 気体状ルテニウムの生成を抑制した放射性廃液のガラス溶融固化処理方法 |
| JPH10272459A (ja) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-13 | Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Dev Corp | 環境浄化体、環境浄化方法及び環境浄化装置 |
| RU2232440C2 (ru) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-07-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт неорганических материалов им. акад. А.А. Бочвара" | Монолитный блок силикатного стекла для иммобилизации радиоактивных отходов и способ его получения |
| EP2023161A1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2009-02-11 | Niigata University | Method for measuring radon and thoron in air |
| JP2011128083A (ja) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-30 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | ガラス固化体中の白金族元素不溶解物観察用試料の作製方法 |
| RU2746985C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-05 | 2021-04-23 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет» (ДВФУ) | Способ иммобилизации радионуклидов стронция в керамике |
| CN115424757B (zh) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-06-11 | 西南科技大学 | 一种高碘保留率固化含碘废物的方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116131A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1963-12-31 | Victor Comptometer Corp | Method and materials for disposing of radioactive waste |
| US3114716A (en) * | 1962-12-28 | 1963-12-17 | Thomas C Quinby | Method of preparing radioactive cesium sources |
| DE2343241A1 (de) * | 1973-08-28 | 1975-03-06 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur verfestigung radioaktiver abfalloesungen |
-
1978
- 1978-03-21 IL IL54316A patent/IL54316A/xx unknown
- 1978-03-22 AU AU34388/78A patent/AU524260B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-31 FR FR7809587A patent/FR2386889B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1978-04-03 BR BR7802066A patent/BR7802066A/pt unknown
- 1978-04-03 JP JP3818678A patent/JPS53146715A/ja active Granted
- 1978-04-03 LU LU79365A patent/LU79365A1/xx unknown
- 1978-04-03 IE IE653/78A patent/IE46863B1/en unknown
- 1978-04-03 DE DE19782814204 patent/DE2814204A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-04-03 ES ES468490A patent/ES468490A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-04-03 SE SE7803744A patent/SE7803744L/xx unknown
- 1978-04-03 DK DK146878A patent/DK146878A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-03 CH CH355578A patent/CH633499A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-03 GB GB12951/78A patent/GB1591703A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-03 CA CA300,264A patent/CA1110051A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-03 IT IT21927/78A patent/IT1094315B/it active
- 1978-04-03 NL NL7803533A patent/NL7803533A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-04-03 AT AT0232778A patent/AT367237B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-06 ES ES474004A patent/ES474004A1/es not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT367237B (de) | 1982-06-11 |
| IE780653L (en) | 1978-10-04 |
| ES468490A1 (es) | 1980-12-16 |
| LU79365A1 (fr) | 1979-11-07 |
| FR2386889B1 (fr) | 1986-01-03 |
| IE46863B1 (en) | 1983-10-19 |
| JPS53146715A (en) | 1978-12-20 |
| IL54316A0 (en) | 1978-06-15 |
| ATA232778A (de) | 1981-10-15 |
| CA1110051A (en) | 1981-10-06 |
| JPS6120840B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1986-05-23 |
| FR2386889A1 (fr) | 1978-11-03 |
| DE2814204A1 (de) | 1978-10-19 |
| GB1591703A (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| NL7803533A (nl) | 1978-10-06 |
| AU524260B2 (en) | 1982-09-09 |
| ES474004A1 (es) | 1979-11-16 |
| SE7803744L (sv) | 1978-10-05 |
| DK146878A (da) | 1978-10-05 |
| BR7802066A (pt) | 1978-12-05 |
| IT7821927A0 (it) | 1978-04-03 |
| IT1094315B (it) | 1985-07-26 |
| AU3438878A (en) | 1979-09-27 |
| IL54316A (en) | 1982-01-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |