CA2763550A1 - Systemes de nettoyage de polarite inversee et de commande de flux electronique pour des generateurs chimiques electrolytiques a faible intervention - Google Patents
Systemes de nettoyage de polarite inversee et de commande de flux electronique pour des generateurs chimiques electrolytiques a faible intervention Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2763550A1 CA2763550A1 CA2763550A CA2763550A CA2763550A1 CA 2763550 A1 CA2763550 A1 CA 2763550A1 CA 2763550 A CA2763550 A CA 2763550A CA 2763550 A CA2763550 A CA 2763550A CA 2763550 A1 CA2763550 A1 CA 2763550A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrolytic cell
- cleaning
- current density
- approximately
- power supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 48
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 34
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46119—Cleaning the electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
- C02F2001/46185—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water only anodic or acidic water, e.g. for oxidizing or sterilizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4614—Current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46145—Fluid flow
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil destinés à un générateur électrolytique sur site à haute fiabilité et faible maintenance équipé d'une surveillance à cellule automatique de l'accumulation de film contaminant, ainsi que d'un retrait ou d'un nettoyage automatique du film contaminant. Ce procédé et cet appareil n'exigent de préférence aucune intervention humaine pour le nettoyage. Pour des cellules à densité de courant élevé, le nettoyage est de préférence exécuté en inversant la polarité des électrodes et en appliquant une densité de courant plus faible aux électrodes. Une seconde alimentation électrique, à densité de courant plus faible, peut être utilisée pour le nettoyage de la polarité inversée. Le flux d'électrolyte est de préférence surveillé et réglé automatiquement.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5671808P | 2008-05-28 | 2008-05-28 | |
US61/056,718 | 2008-05-28 | ||
PCT/US2009/045460 WO2009155044A2 (fr) | 2008-05-28 | 2009-05-28 | Systèmes de nettoyage de polarité inversée et de commande de flux électronique pour des générateurs chimiques électrolytiques à faible intervention |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2763550A1 true CA2763550A1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 |
Family
ID=41434648
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2763550A Abandoned CA2763550A1 (fr) | 2008-05-28 | 2009-05-28 | Systemes de nettoyage de polarite inversee et de commande de flux electronique pour des generateurs chimiques electrolytiques a faible intervention |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090229992A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2286003A4 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2011522123A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2763550A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2010012917A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009155044A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7922890B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2011-04-12 | Miox Corporation | Low maintenance on-site generator |
NL2004720C2 (nl) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-15 | Watter Holding B V | Inrichting voor het produceren van een electrochemisch geactiveerde oplossing middels een electrolyseproces. |
PL3257819T3 (pl) * | 2010-08-06 | 2020-06-15 | De Nora Holdings Us, Inc. | Generator elektrolityczny on-site |
EP2697730A4 (fr) * | 2011-04-15 | 2015-04-15 | Advanced Diamond Technologies Inc | Système et procédé électrochimiques destinés à une génération sur site d'oxydants sous une densité de courant élevée |
GB2490913B (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2015-12-02 | A Gas Internat Ltd | Electrochemical cell and method for operation of the same |
US8882972B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2014-11-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc | Support of ion exchange membranes |
US8562810B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2013-10-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | On site generation of alkalinity boost for ware washing applications |
WO2013069164A1 (fr) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Hosokawa Kanji | Dispositif de production de gaz hho |
US20130193001A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Tennant Company | Apparatus and Method for Generating Thermally-Enhanced Treatment Liquids |
US20140097093A1 (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-10 | Miox Corporation | Transformerless On-Site Generation |
US10113241B2 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2018-10-30 | Jeffrey Allen Kaiser | Control board for controlling channel sequencing of positive and negative DC voltage and current |
KR102645213B1 (ko) * | 2017-03-06 | 2024-03-07 | 에보쿠아 워터 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 개선된 전기화학 시스템 설계를 위한 피드백 제어의 실행 |
AU2018301809B2 (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2023-07-20 | Axine Water Technologies Inc. | Method of operating a wastewater treatment system |
WO2019070877A1 (fr) | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-11 | Electrosea Llc | Système de production de biocide électrolytique pour utilisation à bord d'une embarcation |
WO2020167645A1 (fr) | 2019-02-11 | 2020-08-20 | ElectroSea, LLC | Système de production de biocide électrolytique semi-conducteur doté de caractéristiques rétro-ajustées pour utilisation à bord d'une embarcation |
CN113853358B (zh) | 2019-04-09 | 2024-03-08 | 伊莱克崔西有限公司 | 电解杀生物剂产生单元 |
ES2841509B2 (es) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-05-30 | Santana Ramirez Alberto Andres | Proceso para la limpieza de superficies catódicas en celdas voltaicas |
Family Cites Families (43)
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NL122179C (fr) * | 1959-02-06 | 1966-12-15 | ||
US4088550A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1978-05-09 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Periodic removal of cathodic deposits by intermittent reversal of the polarity of the cathodes |
US4087337A (en) | 1977-05-25 | 1978-05-02 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Rejuvenation of the efficiency of sea water electrolysis cells by periodic removal of anodic deposits |
USRE32077E (en) * | 1977-06-30 | 1986-02-04 | Oronzio Denora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Electrolytic cell with membrane and method of operation |
JPS5925988A (ja) * | 1982-08-04 | 1984-02-10 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | 海水電解用陽極 |
JPS59170282A (ja) * | 1983-03-18 | 1984-09-26 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 希薄苛性アルカリ水溶液の電解方法及びその装置 |
DE3430605A1 (de) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-02-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung, desinfektion und sterilisation von aerztlichen, insbesondere zahnaerztlichen, instrumenten |
US4761208A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-08-02 | Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc. | Electrolytic method and cell for sterilizing water |
US4767511A (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-08-30 | Aragon Pedro J | Chlorination and pH control system |
FR2628757B1 (fr) * | 1988-03-17 | 1992-01-17 | Atochem | Procede de regulation d'une cellule d'electrolyse, son application a la production du chlore et de la soude par electrolyse du chlorure de sodium en solution |
FR2644155B1 (fr) * | 1989-03-07 | 1991-05-24 | Levart Michel | Appareil de sterilisation electrolytique des eaux |
US5316740A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1994-05-31 | Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc. | Electrolytic cell for generating sterilization solutions having increased ozone content |
US5254226A (en) | 1992-05-05 | 1993-10-19 | Ad Rem Manufacturing, Inc. | Electrolytic cell assembly and process for production of bromine |
AUPM498394A0 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1994-05-05 | Berrett Pty Ltd | Electrolytic water treatment |
JP3412267B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-30 | 2003-06-03 | 東陶機器株式会社 | 水の電解処理方法および装置 |
US6117285A (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 2000-09-12 | Medical Discoveries, Inc. | System for carrying out sterilization of equipment |
KR100227969B1 (ko) * | 1994-10-20 | 1999-11-01 | 사카모토 시게토시 | 전해수 생성장치 |
US5989396A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1999-11-23 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Electrode and electrolytic cell containing same |
JPH11226092A (ja) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-24 | Trp:Kk | 医療用具の殺菌洗浄方法およびその装置 |
JP2000042556A (ja) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-02-15 | Shimadzu Corp | 電解水製造装置 |
US6146586A (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-11-14 | The Research And Development Intstitute | Dual current method and apparatus for sterilization of medical devices |
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JP2000189971A (ja) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-11 | Ekowaado:Kk | 電解水生成装置における電極板面への気泡付着防止方法 |
US6524475B1 (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2003-02-25 | Miox Corporation | Portable water disinfection system |
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US7048842B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2006-05-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Electrolysis cell for generating chlorine dioxide |
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JP2004298832A (ja) * | 2003-04-01 | 2004-10-28 | Asahi Glass Engineering Co Ltd | 電解水生成装置、電解水を生成する方法、電解次亜水生成装置及び電解次亜水を生成する方法 |
JP2004307917A (ja) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 電解処理液の濃度制御方法及び装置 |
JP2005058947A (ja) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-10 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 電気分解方法及び電気分解装置 |
JP2005138093A (ja) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-02 | Hokuetsu:Kk | 自動分取回分電解装置および電解殺菌水調製方法 |
JP2005319427A (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | K & K:Kk | アルカリ水生成装置 |
JP2005350716A (ja) * | 2004-06-10 | 2005-12-22 | Wakamiya Kogyo Kk | 水槽の電解殺菌装置 |
JP2006015264A (ja) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-19 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 電気分解装置及び電気分解方法 |
US20060137973A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-29 | Miox Corporation | Device and method for instrument steralization |
US7393440B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2008-07-01 | National Research Council Of Canada | Hydrogen generation system |
CA2810285C (fr) * | 2005-06-10 | 2016-11-29 | Process Solutions, Inc. | Cellule d'electrolyse et systeme de traitement de l'eau |
US7922890B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2011-04-12 | Miox Corporation | Low maintenance on-site generator |
US20100187122A1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2010-07-29 | Vadim Zolotarsky | Method and system of electrolytic treatment |
-
2009
- 2009-05-28 CA CA2763550A patent/CA2763550A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-28 JP JP2011511817A patent/JP2011522123A/ja active Pending
- 2009-05-28 US US12/473,744 patent/US20090229992A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-28 WO PCT/US2009/045460 patent/WO2009155044A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-05-28 EP EP09767356A patent/EP2286003A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-28 MX MX2010012917A patent/MX2010012917A/es unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009155044A3 (fr) | 2010-04-22 |
WO2009155044A2 (fr) | 2009-12-23 |
US20090229992A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
JP2011522123A (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
EP2286003A4 (fr) | 2011-05-25 |
EP2286003A2 (fr) | 2011-02-23 |
MX2010012917A (es) | 2011-03-03 |
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