CA2203585A1 - Coloured luster pigments - Google Patents
Coloured luster pigmentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2203585A1 CA2203585A1 CA002203585A CA2203585A CA2203585A1 CA 2203585 A1 CA2203585 A1 CA 2203585A1 CA 002203585 A CA002203585 A CA 002203585A CA 2203585 A CA2203585 A CA 2203585A CA 2203585 A1 CA2203585 A1 CA 2203585A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- silicon
- oxygen
- pigment according
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000485 pigmenting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(3+) Chemical class [Ti+3] CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
- C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
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- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
- C09C1/0051—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating low and high refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the low refractive index
- C09C1/0054—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating low and high refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the low refractive index one layer consisting of at least one sub-stoichiometric inorganic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/22—Compounds of iron
- C09C1/24—Oxides of iron
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/46—Graphite
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- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/62—Metallic pigments or fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/62—Metallic pigments or fillers
- C09C1/64—Aluminium
- C09C1/642—Aluminium treated with inorganic compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/66—Copper alloys, e.g. bronze
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/82—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by IR- or Raman-data
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
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- C01P2002/84—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by UV- or VIS- data
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
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- C09C2200/1004—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core comprising at least one inorganic oxide, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2
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- C09C2200/102—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin
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- C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
- C09C2200/1054—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of a metal
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- C09C2200/1087—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of bismuth oxychloride, magnesium fluoride, nitrides, carbides, borides, lead carbonate, barium or calcium sulfate, zinc sulphide, molybdenum disulphide or graphite
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- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/20—Interference pigments comprising a layer with a concentration gradient or a gradient of the refractive index
- C09C2200/202—Interference pigments comprising a layer with a concentration gradient or a gradient of the refractive index of sub-stoichiometric inorganic compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
- C09C2200/301—Thickness of the core
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
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- C09C2200/302—Thickness of a layer with high refractive material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1053/96 | 1996-04-25 | ||
| CH105396 | 1996-04-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2203585A1 true CA2203585A1 (en) | 1997-10-25 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002203585A Abandoned CA2203585A1 (en) | 1996-04-25 | 1997-04-24 | Coloured luster pigments |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5766335A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0803549B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP3819991B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100455328B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2203585A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE59704636D1 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW448218B (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10131790B2 (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2018-11-20 | Nippon Paint Holdings Co., Ltd. | Infrared-reflective pigment and infrared-reflective coating composition |
Families Citing this family (68)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19639783A1 (de) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Modifizierte Perlglanzpigmente für Wasserlacksysteme |
| DE19707805A1 (de) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-03 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Multischicht-Interferenzpigment mit absorbierender Mittelschicht |
| US6013370A (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 2000-01-11 | Flex Products, Inc. | Bright metal flake |
| US5863321A (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-01-26 | Basf Corporation | Straight-shade coating compositions |
| DE19808657A1 (de) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-09 | Basf Ag | Goniochromatische Glanzpigmente auf Basis mehrfach beschichteter Eisenoxidplättchen |
| DE19817286A1 (de) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-21 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Mehrschichtiges Perlglanzpigment auf Basis eines opaken Substrates |
| AU5222299A (en) | 1998-07-24 | 2000-02-14 | Cabot Corporation | Methods for preparing silica-coated carbon products |
| EP0984043A1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-08 | Sicpa Holding S.A. | Optically variable pigments providing a colour shift between two distinct colours, coating composition comprising the same, method for producing the same and substrate coated with the coating composition |
| US6156325A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-12-05 | L'oreal | Nail enamel composition containing a urea-modified thixotropic agent |
| US6157489A (en) | 1998-11-24 | 2000-12-05 | Flex Products, Inc. | Color shifting thin film pigments |
| US6150022A (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2000-11-21 | Flex Products, Inc. | Bright metal flake based pigments |
| JP3430094B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-10 | 2003-07-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 塗装構造 |
| US6369147B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2002-04-09 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Color effect pigments and method of forming the same |
| JP2000336284A (ja) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-12-05 | Shiseido Co Ltd | Ti−Co−Al系複合酸化物被覆雲母及びそれを用いた塗装体 |
| WO2000069975A1 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-23 | Flex Products, Inc. | Bright aluminum pigment |
| DE19925955A1 (de) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-12-14 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Mittel zur Beschichtung von transparenten Flächen |
| US6524381B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-02-25 | Flex Products, Inc. | Methods for producing enhanced interference pigments |
| US6241858B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2001-06-05 | Flex Products, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for producing enhanced interference pigments |
| US6545809B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2003-04-08 | Flex Products, Inc. | Color shifting carbon-containing interference pigments |
| US6325847B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2001-12-04 | Engelhard Corporation | Precious metal color effect materials and production thereof |
| DE10004888A1 (de) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Eckart Standard Bronzepulver | Glanzpigment und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
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-
1997
- 1997-04-17 DE DE59704636T patent/DE59704636D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-17 EP EP97810238A patent/EP0803549B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-23 US US08/842,295 patent/US5766335A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-24 TW TW086105309A patent/TW448218B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-24 CA CA002203585A patent/CA2203585A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-24 KR KR1019970015339A patent/KR100455328B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-25 JP JP10799097A patent/JP3819991B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10131790B2 (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2018-11-20 | Nippon Paint Holdings Co., Ltd. | Infrared-reflective pigment and infrared-reflective coating composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0803549B1 (de) | 2001-09-19 |
| DE59704636D1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
| EP0803549A2 (de) | 1997-10-29 |
| KR970070136A (ko) | 1997-11-07 |
| JPH1060303A (ja) | 1998-03-03 |
| TW448218B (en) | 2001-08-01 |
| US5766335A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
| EP0803549A3 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
| JP3819991B2 (ja) | 2006-09-13 |
| KR100455328B1 (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |