CA2172528A1 - Fertilisers comprising nutrient and phosphate solubilising fungus - Google Patents
Fertilisers comprising nutrient and phosphate solubilising fungusInfo
- Publication number
- CA2172528A1 CA2172528A1 CA002172528A CA2172528A CA2172528A1 CA 2172528 A1 CA2172528 A1 CA 2172528A1 CA 002172528 A CA002172528 A CA 002172528A CA 2172528 A CA2172528 A CA 2172528A CA 2172528 A1 CA2172528 A1 CA 2172528A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- liquid
- fertilising composition
- micro
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000122818 Aspergillus ustus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000122173 Cylindrocladium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000223221 Fusarium oxysporum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000427940 Fusarium solani Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228129 Penicillium janthinellum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228168 Penicillium sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000131314 Aspergillus candidus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000228197 Aspergillus flavus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 241000384508 Hoplostethus atlanticus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000846734 Umbelopsis longicollis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000907980 Umbelopsis nana Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000528415 Moana Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical class [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWUSZQUVEVMBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimetazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GWUSZQUVEVMBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
- RNPABQVCNAUEIY-GUQYYFCISA-N Germine Chemical compound O1[C@@]([C@H](CC[C@]23C)O)(O)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@]3(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(C)O)[C@@]12C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CN1[C@H]5CC[C@H](C)C1 RNPABQVCNAUEIY-GUQYYFCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235503 Glomus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589157 Rhizobiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607717 Serratia liquefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010020084 germin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- RNPABQVCNAUEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N germine Natural products O1C(C(CCC23C)O)(O)C3CC(O)C(C3(O)C(O)C(O)C4C5(C)O)C12CC3C4CN1C5CCC(C)C1 RNPABQVCNAUEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010958 polyglycerol polyricinoleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/10—Mycorrhiza; Mycorrhizal associations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Abstract
The present invention is directed to liquid fertiliser compositions suitable for introducing soil and plant beneficial fungii and microorganisms to plants or their growing media. A typical composition is substantially free of solid matter and include a liquid plant nutrient, at least one introduced fungus, microorganism and/or reproductive material therefor, and typically also a carrier or diluent. The compositions may also include viscosity increasing agents and binding or coating agents. These latter types of compositions may be useful for getting substrates or materials to which they are applied which can accelerate the growth and establishement of the fungii or microorganisms when the product is used. The coating may also serve to protect or inactivate the substrate material ready for use. In some cases the coating may also act as a time delay for augmenting the activity ?riod of the materials. Typical introduced fungii and microorganisms include phosphate solubilising organisms, and vesicula-arbuscular ?ycorrhizas (VAMs).
Description
wo 95/08521 2 ~ 7 2 ~ 2 8 PCTINZ94/00099 FERTILISERS COMPRISING NUTRIENT & PHOSPHATE SOLUBILISING
FUNGUS
T~HNICAL FIELD
The present invention is directed towards fertilisers. More specifically, many 5 embodiments are directed to provide fertilisers for the introduction and rapidestabli~hm~nt of useful fungi and micro org~ni~m~ in the soil. The use of a liquid carrier comprising a plant nutrient, and which includes fungus, micro organisms and/or reproductive material therefor, is investigated. Fertilising compositions based on the aforesaid liquid fertilising composition and a rock phosphate are also described.
10 BAC~GROUND ART
The role of fungus and micro-organisms in the soil has been well investigated. For instance, many micro organi~mc are known to assist in the uptake of nitrogen and other nutrient~ by the roots of some plants.
Other fungus and bacteria may have other roles in the soil, such assisting in the 15 breakdown of plant matter, or making nutrients available to plants. Others having found to be beneficial for a~ ting in the germination of seeds, or in the rapid growth of gçrminate.cl seerlling~ In some cases, seeds have been coated with fungus or micro-organism co~ g coatings.
However, the art has not produced a method by which desirable fungi and micro 20 organi~m~ can be introduced into the soil, especially by a farmer using normal farm spray equipment. Fungus and micro organi~m~ have long been available to the domestic gardener, in a dried form, for inclusion in compost pits to accelerate the composting process. However, the distribution of a dried powder or light material is not generally accomplished by spray techniques and neither is this form desirable for a large area such 25 as a paddock as the wind could quickly remove any deposited material. Furthermore, unless the dried material was ploughed or mixed into the soil, establishment could be slow unless wetted immto.cliatto.ly afterwards.
Another consideration is that establishment of the fungus or micro-organism in soil could be relatively slow, especially if the s~ll is relatively poor in nutrients. Consequently, the 30 use of dried material may result in some delay be~re the material is able to take advantage of any available nutrients in the soil and establish itself.
A further matter for consideration is the introduction of the phosphorus to the soil.
Superphosphates have been widely used as a reasonably soluble phosphate material.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WO g5/0852~ 5~ pcTlNzs~lonoss However, superphosphate can significantly increase the acidity of soil and often requ the co-application of lime to balance the soil pH. The use of rock phosphate is becoming more popular, especially where organically grown plant material is sought. Rock phosphate is acceptable for the cultivation of organically grown produce whereas5 superphosphate is not. However the problem with rock phosphate is its slow solubility.
It may sometimes take the order or years before any appreciable amount of the rock phosphate enters the soil. It would therefore be desirable if some alternative means of accelerating the release of phosphorus from natural rock phosphate, into the soil, could be provided.
10 It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only.
DI.~cLosuRE OF INVENTION
15 According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially free of solid matter, comprising a plant nutrient in a liquid form, and at least one introduced fungus, micro-org~nism, and/or reproductive m~teri~l therefor.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising 20 composition, subst~nt~ y free of solid matter, comprising:
- a plant nutrient, - a diluent or carrier, - at least one introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor, and 25 - a binding agent, said composition being characterised that when applied to a surface, there is formed a coating having at least one of the properties of being porous, slowly soluble, and degradable through weathering or the action of the introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor, said coating retaining at least a portion of said 30 introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive m~t~ri~l therefor.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described above, wherein said introduced fungus, micro-org~ni.sm, and/or reproductive material therefor, are phosphate solubilising.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising 35 composition, substantially as described above wherein said introduced fungus, micro-wo g~/08521 2 1 7 2 5 2 8 PCT/NZ94/00099 organisms and/or reproductive material therefor, are able to act on a contained nitrogenous nutrient to liberate free ammonia.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described above in which said plant nutrient is a fish based 5 nutrient composition.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described above which includes a viscosity increasing agent.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising 10 composition in combination with a phosphate rock.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a fertilising composition comprising a phosphate rock impregnated with a composition substantially as described above.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a fertilising 15 composition comprising a phosphate rock coated with a composition subst~nti~lly as described above.
The term "liquid plant nutrient" wherever used herein shall refer to a substance suitable as a plant nutrient, a substance commonly used or recognised as a plant fertilising or nutrient substance, and/or a pl~a ed composition the equivalent of the foregoing. While 20 a wide range of materials could fit the role as a plant nutrient, most liquid plant nutrients within the above definition shall be a source of at least one of the NPKS elements. Quite often, it will also be a source of two or more of these elements and may also be a source of plant available trace elements.
Most embodiments of the present invention will be in liquid form and substantially solid 25 free, other than introduced fungus, micro organisms and/or reproductive material therefor, and variations which include phosphate rock. Consequently, most of thenutrients will be in a liquid form, or in a very fine form. They may be present as a colloid or suspension, though typically a composition should be able to be applied with normal fluid spray application equipment. It is envisaged that occasionally solid material, 30 which may accidentally escape any manufacturing process, may sometimes be present.
However, as a general rule the compositions according to the present invention are fluid and subst~nti~lly free of any, other than finely divided, solid material.
A wide range of plant available nutrients may be used. Many inorganic fertilisers are known which are readily soluble in water and may be incorporated into compositions.
wo 95/08521 ~ ~ 7 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9~1/00099 Similarly, organic-derived nutrients may be employed, such as compositions prep~li plant material, from fish and marine material, or waste from meat processing plants.
These 'organic' based nutrients/fertilisers may in some cases be advantageous as they may contain other nutrients and substances which are better able to support introduced S fungus, micro o~ and their reproductive m~teri~l In some instances it is desirable to include a nitrogenous nutrient source. This is especially so in the case where there is introduced fungi, micro-organisms or reproductive material therefor, whose primary purpose is the liberation of ammonia from nitrogenous materials. This may be desirable to assist, in some cases, with the break 10 down and solubilisation of phosphate materials. In some other instances, it may be desirable to rely on the liberation of ammonia for introducing nitrogen into the soil, or to adversely affect undesirable org:~ni~m.c in the soil.
In some cases the liquid portion of a composition may be thickened to increase its viscosity. The degree of thickening is largely a matter of user choice though it is 15 envisaged that up to gel like consistencies may be employed in some inct~n~es. The planting of seeds in a gel carrier is known and a gel like compositian according to the present invention may be used in such an application. So that the newly germin~ting seed is not over fertilised, it may be desirable to reduce the plant nutrient proportion to a relatively low level or to incol~oldt~ such a composition into another gel-like preparation.
20 In some cases it is desirable that a composition according to the present invention is able to coat materials to which it is applied. In many instances a gel-like coating will be acceptable.
A coating may be useful for a number of functions. For instance, the coating maycontain introduced fungii, micro-organisms and/or reproductive material therefor. The 25 coating may provide a suitable growing support for the initial establishment of these org~ni.cm~. In other instances the coating may serve to protect (until use) or to retard the rate of establishment or release of the contained nutrients and organisms. In such in~t~nres it is considered most likely that the compositions will be applied to coat a fertilising material such as natural rock phosphate. For such a porous mineral material, a 30 significant proportion of the composition will be absorbed though a semi-protective coating may remain, depending on the nature of the compositions.
Coatings may be formed in a variety of ways. Perhaps the simplest method of providing a coating is for there to be removal of a carrier or diluent present in the composition.
This may be by evaporation (which may be accelerated by heating) or by absorption into 35 the substance to which the composition is applied. Other coatings may set or cure when applied, or over a period of time. Various other techniques and varying combinations of techniques may also be employed.
FUNGUS
T~HNICAL FIELD
The present invention is directed towards fertilisers. More specifically, many 5 embodiments are directed to provide fertilisers for the introduction and rapidestabli~hm~nt of useful fungi and micro org~ni~m~ in the soil. The use of a liquid carrier comprising a plant nutrient, and which includes fungus, micro organisms and/or reproductive material therefor, is investigated. Fertilising compositions based on the aforesaid liquid fertilising composition and a rock phosphate are also described.
10 BAC~GROUND ART
The role of fungus and micro-organisms in the soil has been well investigated. For instance, many micro organi~mc are known to assist in the uptake of nitrogen and other nutrient~ by the roots of some plants.
Other fungus and bacteria may have other roles in the soil, such assisting in the 15 breakdown of plant matter, or making nutrients available to plants. Others having found to be beneficial for a~ ting in the germination of seeds, or in the rapid growth of gçrminate.cl seerlling~ In some cases, seeds have been coated with fungus or micro-organism co~ g coatings.
However, the art has not produced a method by which desirable fungi and micro 20 organi~m~ can be introduced into the soil, especially by a farmer using normal farm spray equipment. Fungus and micro organi~m~ have long been available to the domestic gardener, in a dried form, for inclusion in compost pits to accelerate the composting process. However, the distribution of a dried powder or light material is not generally accomplished by spray techniques and neither is this form desirable for a large area such 25 as a paddock as the wind could quickly remove any deposited material. Furthermore, unless the dried material was ploughed or mixed into the soil, establishment could be slow unless wetted immto.cliatto.ly afterwards.
Another consideration is that establishment of the fungus or micro-organism in soil could be relatively slow, especially if the s~ll is relatively poor in nutrients. Consequently, the 30 use of dried material may result in some delay be~re the material is able to take advantage of any available nutrients in the soil and establish itself.
A further matter for consideration is the introduction of the phosphorus to the soil.
Superphosphates have been widely used as a reasonably soluble phosphate material.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
WO g5/0852~ 5~ pcTlNzs~lonoss However, superphosphate can significantly increase the acidity of soil and often requ the co-application of lime to balance the soil pH. The use of rock phosphate is becoming more popular, especially where organically grown plant material is sought. Rock phosphate is acceptable for the cultivation of organically grown produce whereas5 superphosphate is not. However the problem with rock phosphate is its slow solubility.
It may sometimes take the order or years before any appreciable amount of the rock phosphate enters the soil. It would therefore be desirable if some alternative means of accelerating the release of phosphorus from natural rock phosphate, into the soil, could be provided.
10 It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only.
DI.~cLosuRE OF INVENTION
15 According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially free of solid matter, comprising a plant nutrient in a liquid form, and at least one introduced fungus, micro-org~nism, and/or reproductive m~teri~l therefor.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising 20 composition, subst~nt~ y free of solid matter, comprising:
- a plant nutrient, - a diluent or carrier, - at least one introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor, and 25 - a binding agent, said composition being characterised that when applied to a surface, there is formed a coating having at least one of the properties of being porous, slowly soluble, and degradable through weathering or the action of the introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor, said coating retaining at least a portion of said 30 introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive m~t~ri~l therefor.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described above, wherein said introduced fungus, micro-org~ni.sm, and/or reproductive material therefor, are phosphate solubilising.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising 35 composition, substantially as described above wherein said introduced fungus, micro-wo g~/08521 2 1 7 2 5 2 8 PCT/NZ94/00099 organisms and/or reproductive material therefor, are able to act on a contained nitrogenous nutrient to liberate free ammonia.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described above in which said plant nutrient is a fish based 5 nutrient composition.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described above which includes a viscosity increasing agent.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a liquid fertilising 10 composition in combination with a phosphate rock.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a fertilising composition comprising a phosphate rock impregnated with a composition substantially as described above.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a fertilising 15 composition comprising a phosphate rock coated with a composition subst~nti~lly as described above.
The term "liquid plant nutrient" wherever used herein shall refer to a substance suitable as a plant nutrient, a substance commonly used or recognised as a plant fertilising or nutrient substance, and/or a pl~a ed composition the equivalent of the foregoing. While 20 a wide range of materials could fit the role as a plant nutrient, most liquid plant nutrients within the above definition shall be a source of at least one of the NPKS elements. Quite often, it will also be a source of two or more of these elements and may also be a source of plant available trace elements.
Most embodiments of the present invention will be in liquid form and substantially solid 25 free, other than introduced fungus, micro organisms and/or reproductive material therefor, and variations which include phosphate rock. Consequently, most of thenutrients will be in a liquid form, or in a very fine form. They may be present as a colloid or suspension, though typically a composition should be able to be applied with normal fluid spray application equipment. It is envisaged that occasionally solid material, 30 which may accidentally escape any manufacturing process, may sometimes be present.
However, as a general rule the compositions according to the present invention are fluid and subst~nti~lly free of any, other than finely divided, solid material.
A wide range of plant available nutrients may be used. Many inorganic fertilisers are known which are readily soluble in water and may be incorporated into compositions.
wo 95/08521 ~ ~ 7 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9~1/00099 Similarly, organic-derived nutrients may be employed, such as compositions prep~li plant material, from fish and marine material, or waste from meat processing plants.
These 'organic' based nutrients/fertilisers may in some cases be advantageous as they may contain other nutrients and substances which are better able to support introduced S fungus, micro o~ and their reproductive m~teri~l In some instances it is desirable to include a nitrogenous nutrient source. This is especially so in the case where there is introduced fungi, micro-organisms or reproductive material therefor, whose primary purpose is the liberation of ammonia from nitrogenous materials. This may be desirable to assist, in some cases, with the break 10 down and solubilisation of phosphate materials. In some other instances, it may be desirable to rely on the liberation of ammonia for introducing nitrogen into the soil, or to adversely affect undesirable org:~ni~m.c in the soil.
In some cases the liquid portion of a composition may be thickened to increase its viscosity. The degree of thickening is largely a matter of user choice though it is 15 envisaged that up to gel like consistencies may be employed in some inct~n~es. The planting of seeds in a gel carrier is known and a gel like compositian according to the present invention may be used in such an application. So that the newly germin~ting seed is not over fertilised, it may be desirable to reduce the plant nutrient proportion to a relatively low level or to incol~oldt~ such a composition into another gel-like preparation.
20 In some cases it is desirable that a composition according to the present invention is able to coat materials to which it is applied. In many instances a gel-like coating will be acceptable.
A coating may be useful for a number of functions. For instance, the coating maycontain introduced fungii, micro-organisms and/or reproductive material therefor. The 25 coating may provide a suitable growing support for the initial establishment of these org~ni.cm~. In other instances the coating may serve to protect (until use) or to retard the rate of establishment or release of the contained nutrients and organisms. In such in~t~nres it is considered most likely that the compositions will be applied to coat a fertilising material such as natural rock phosphate. For such a porous mineral material, a 30 significant proportion of the composition will be absorbed though a semi-protective coating may remain, depending on the nature of the compositions.
Coatings may be formed in a variety of ways. Perhaps the simplest method of providing a coating is for there to be removal of a carrier or diluent present in the composition.
This may be by evaporation (which may be accelerated by heating) or by absorption into 35 the substance to which the composition is applied. Other coatings may set or cure when applied, or over a period of time. Various other techniques and varying combinations of techniques may also be employed.
2~ 72528 wo 95/08521 PCT/NZ9'1/OnO99 The plope~lies of the coating, where provided, may vary. Preferably the coating should have at least one of the properties of: being porous, being at least slowly soluble, being degradable by weathering, being degradable by contained organisms, and/or being degradable during the growth and establishment of org~ni.cm~ in a eomposition. A wide variety of materials may therefore be relied upon to form a coating. Preferred substances include the use of a seaweed based materials (e.g. agars, carrageenan etc.), polysaccharide gums, other gums and resins (typically plant based), silica gels etc. In many cases these materials which are readily able to form gels which typically possess at least one of the preferred coating pr~p~l Lies.
The eoating may itself contain at least a portion of the introduced org~ni~m.c and/or nutrients of the composition. This may assist in the rapid establishment of fungal and/or micro-organism colonies in the coating while the more gradual or delayed release of other org~ni~m~ within the suk.~trate m~t~ri~l may ensue over time.
The choice of fungii and micro-organism which may be incorporated into various compositions according to the present invention, are varied. Some of these organisms will be targeted because of their ability to breakdown substances in the soil and release plant available nutrients. An example is the inelusion of org~ni~m~ whieh are able to release phosphorous from insoluble phosphate rock. Other organi~m.c are noted asbiologieal eontrol agents and in another example, eompositions aeeording to the present invention may also acL as a suitable vehiele for the introduetion of these baeterial bio-eontrol agents. For instanee, Sayre and Walter (Annu .Rev. Phytopathal. 29 (1991) pl49-166) diseuss nematode suppressive soils infeeted with fungal and bacterial antagonists. Such antagonists may be ineorporated in embodiments of the present invention.
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) are known to improve plant growth by stim~ 3ting the uptake of nutrients, and suppressing the detrimental effects of root pathogens (Bio-Technolo~y In A~rieulture. pl41-174, ( 1988) Publ. Alan R Liss, Ine.).
Once again, compositions according to the present invention represent a useful vehicle for the introduction of such micro org~ni.cm.c to soils, and their inclusion at the time of sowing (see gel pl~nting method above) represents a useful method of the introduction of beneficial org~ni.cm.c int~- ~he soil.
As can be appreciated, a wide variety of organi~m.c may be introduced via the present invention. One potentially realisable advantage of compositions according to the present J invention is that they can be specifically targeted for application to effective specific 35 areas. For in~t~nre, VAMS may be introduced in seed drills at the time of sowing seed by sowing the seeds in the gel comprising a suitable composition according to the present wo 95/08521 2 ~ 1 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9~/00099 invention. Alternatively, a liquid composition could be sprayed or injected into .1 drills imm~ tely after sowing. In both these cases, a desirable fungus, micro-organism and/or their reproductive material may be efficiently and selectively introduced to soil (or plant support m~ m) using existing farm and agricultural equipment.
5 Examples of org~nicmc which may be includçd in embodiments of the present invention include members of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Most members of these fungal groups are useful though in particular the following may be specifically targeted:
Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus candidus, 10 Aspergillus ~avus, Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium sp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Cylindrocladium sp.
Some other micro-organicm.c which may be targeted for establishment include bacillus Megatherium phosphaticum and strains thereof, gram-positive bacteria and members of the genus Pseudomonas. However it is to be noted that the foregoing lists are not meant 15 to be exhaustive but are provided by way of example only.
The above listed org~nicmc will generally be included where is desirable to release for plants, nutrients locked into the soil. Many of the foregoing exhibit phosphate solubilising properties and are useful where less soluble forms of phosphate fertilisers (e.g. rock phosphate) have been applied to a soil. Some of the micro-org~nicm.c are also 20 able to liberate free ammonia from nutrients present in the soil. This may be useful for some plants, though it has been noted that the liberation of free ammonia can sometimes increase the solubility of phosphates in the soil.
Examples of other org~ni.cmc which may be included in various composition include VAMs (refer article by I R Hall in Bio-Technolo~y in A~riculture~ pl41-174 (1988) 25 Publ. Alan R Liss, Inc.). Other mycorrhizal fungi may be incorporated. Ericoid and Ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculum can be growth in artificial cultures and may be commercially produced. These may be readily introduced into compositions according to the present invention. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are also known and may be included in various compositions according to the present invention.
30 It is noted however that some of the fungi and micro-org~nicmc are sensitive to their environment and thus some consideration will need to be given to the liquid carrier and plant nutrient. Some are quite sensitive to pH levels and nutritional balances.
Consequently, it may be desirable to tailor a carrier or plant nlltrient so that it falls within the acceptable limits of a particular included fungus or micro organism. This information 35 is, normally, readily available enabling a skilled addressee of the art to readily tailor a liquid composition to support included fungi, micro-organisms and/or reproductive - wo 95/08521 2 1 7 2 5 2 8 PCT/NZ94/00099 material. In instances where an incompatibility problem remains, the combination of the fungal or micro organism material within twelve hours (or a shorter duration) ofapplication may be preferable. Combination immediately prior to, or during application of the composition may also be considered in some cases.
5 Many of the introduced fungi, micro org~nicmc and reproductive material may beintroduced from a suitable culture or inoculum. In some instances, a composition may also be created which is able to act as a growth medium for the included org~ni~m~. A
composition may be used as a culture m~ m, from which aliquots are drawn and added to new, non-inoculated batches of a liquid carrier for the preparation of a fertilising 10 composition. However, the shelf life of such products may be relatively short if they are stored under conditions overly amenable to the rapid growth and advancement of the contained species. As the conditions will differ for each possible species, some minor experimentation may be required to determine likely shelf lives of various possible compositions.
15 Substantially liquid or gel like compositions may be readily applied to soil, pasture, seeds, and plants etc. It may be desirable in some in~t~n~eS to apply the liquid fertilising composition to other substrates before introduction to soil etc. The use of coatings have been previously fli~c--s~e~, and there it was disclosed that various mineral substrates, including rock phosphates, could be useful. Accordingly, some compositions of the 20 present invention may be impregnated into normal materials. These may include natural phosphates, as well as other minerals (e.g. dolomite, lime etc.) commonly applied to plants and their growing media. Where compositions include a binding or coating material, then the application will typically be more of a coating rather than solely impregnation, though typically there will be a combination of both. The resulting 25 products may then be applied as required to plants and/or their growing media, or according to other uses as may be envisaged.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT T~ NVFNTION
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing examples, which are not intended to be restrictive but to illustrate the potential 30 scope and some of the many aspects of the present invention.
Exarnple One The liquid carrier in this example comprises a fish based fertiliser such as available from Sieber Agricultural Research Limited or Moana Fertilisers Limited, both of Baldhill Road, Waiuku, New 7~ n~1. Another option is the use of a nutrient broth or extract 35 such as the liquid waste of many meat and offal processing plants.
WO 95/08521 2 ~ 1 ~ 5 ~ ~ PCT/NZg~/00099 It each case, the nutrients should be relatively free of solid material. Depending on~
intended method of application of the final product, it may be desirable to screen or filter the liquid carrier to remove any material which may clog fertiliser spray-application nozzles. Generally, filtering through a screen removing the buL~ of particles greater than 5 0.1 mm is size will be satisfactory for most applications, though elimin~ting particles greater than 0.05 mm in size would be more desirable. Most preferable would be to elimin~te particles greater than 0.02mm in size, though the end use of the composition and user requirements may impose different restrictions and parameters. These general particle size guidelines are applicable for other embodiments of compositions according 10 to the present invention.
Each of the above nutrients are relatively rich in proteins and amines. These are typically plentiful in plant available nitrogen and both of these types of nutrients will commonly be suitable for the rapid establishment of fungal or microbial colonies.
It has been found by the applicant that a fish fertiliser composition (such as available 15 from Sieber/Moana) will readily support the growth of many of the desired fungi and micro-org~ni~m~. In trials, a nutrient broth comprising the liquid fish based fertiliser has been used to culture a range of various fungi and micro-org~ni~m~. Portions have been removed from this master culture (which has been subsequently replenished) and added to non-inoculated portions of fish based fertiliser. If only a trace amount of the master 20 culture is added, then a period of time may be required for the level of the introduced org~ni.cm~ to increase in the new product batch. Alternatively, higher levels may be introduced into the non-inoculated batch if it is to be used in the imm~ t~. future.
Consequently, one option is to supply users with both inoculated and non-inoculated batches which can be subsequently used to prepare compositions for application to 25 pasture etc. This may solve problems of a som~tim~s limited shelf life, and the problems of storing large volumes of a 'living' product.
Example Two The following are a range of compositions found to be suitable by the applicant during preliminary trials. In the general composition (2A), the fish base liquid fertiliser may be 30 that marketed by Moana Fertilisers/Sieber Agricultural Research Limited of Baldhill Road, Waiuku, New Zealand. Other equivalent fertiliser compositions may also be substituted.
Example 2 A
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 90-99.999% liquid fish based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro-organism or reproductive material therefor As an option, additional nutrients and/or trace elements may be incorporated into the mixture. At least Moana FeT~ilisers/Sieber Agricultural Research produce a liquid fish base fertiliser which is fortified by the addition of additional nutrients and/or trace elem~nt.~. This may be a convenient way of introducing additional nutrients, or altering the nutrient balance of the composition. A finely divided phosphate material, blood and bone, and other ~ubst~nti~lly insoluble fertilisers/nutrients may also be included. It may be desirable to follow the guidelines on particle size mentioned previously.
Example 2 B
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 90-99.999% protein based fertiliser composition such as from meat proces~ing plant 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro organism or reproductive m~teri~l therefor Trials by the applicants have in~ t~-l that the above composition will also be especially suitable for supporting the growth and establishment of fungus, micro org~ni~m~ and their reproductive material. The balance of nutrients in meat based fertiliser extracts differ from fish based extracts (which are relatively high in phosphorous).
25 Consequently, it is envisaged that many embodiments based on fish and meat fertiliser compositions will make use of the attributes of both to yield a more balanced or tailored overall composition. By way of example:
Example 2 C
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-98% liquid fish base fertiliser 0-98% protein based fertiliser composition from meat processing plant 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro organism or reproductive m~teri~l therefor wo 95/08521 ~ ~ 7 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9~/00099 In the foregoing examples, it is convenient to introduce the fungus, micro organ~s and/or reproductive material therefor in the form of a culture. This may be performed by traditional, accepted methods and while specific cultures may be cultivated on laboratory plates or agar, it has been found by the applicants that their liquid fish based fertiliser is 5 capable of supporting a wide range of fungus, micro organisms and their reproductive m~teri~l Consequently, in preliminary trials, the applicants have used the liquid fish based fertiliser to culture a range of organi~m.c which are then divided out and introduced into other batches. In some instances the use of a thickened liquid fish fertiliser may be advantageous, both for cllltl-ring and for the final product (see previously - gel planting 10 of seeds).
It is noted that Moana Fertilisers/Sieber Agriculture Research will commercially produce a thickened (predominantly by seaweed) fish based fertiliser on request. This may be useful for growing cultures as an alternative to the laboratory agar plates. It is also noted that this thick~ned composition will also be useful for embodiments where a coating is to 15 be applied to a substrate material. In this case, the seaweed component can be used to form a gel like coating about substrate materials such as granular or particulate rock phosphate.
The viscosity of the gel coating will affect the thicKness and integrity of the resulting coating. The viscosity will also affect the manner in which the liquid composition can be 20 introduced to the phosphate matPrial. Traditional blending techniques may be relied upon to introduce the liquid component to the solid material. One technique is the spray or drip application of the liquid or gel portions to the solid matter in a rotating drum or blending vat. Similar techniques have long been used for confectionery manllfactllre.
Example Three 25 The compositions of Example Three are based on inorganic fertiliser compositions and nutrients.
Example 3 A
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-99.999% solution or composition including plant available nutrients, comprising at least a plant available source of at least one of the NPKS elements o-99.9% liquid fish based fertiliser and/or meat-based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least on fungus micro organism or reproductive mat~.rial therefor WOg5/08521 2 1 72528 PCT/NZ94/00099 A wide range of plants available nutrient solutions and compositions may be used. It is envisaged that typically these will be based on inorganic and mineral type fertilising elements though organic and semi-organic derived nutrients may also be included.Examples of some inorganic type nutrients include urea, the nitrates of many metals, 5 ammonium compounds, soluble phosphate compounds, soluble sulphur and oxysulfur, soluble pot~ssillm compounds. Examples of some org~nic~lly derived nutrients include liquid nutrients, substantially free of solid matter (other than in the form of a colloid or suspension, or very finely divided form) derived from plants and/or animal products.
Example Four 10 The following examples describe compositions directed to solubilising nutrients which may already be present in the soil and/or making them available to plants. It is noted that the list of fungi and micro org~ni~m~ given is not meant to be restrictive, but merely by way of example only.
Example 4 A
15 A composition compri~ing, by weight up to a total of $100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-99.999% solution or composition including plant avail le nutrients, comprising at least a plant available source of at leact one of the NPKS elements 0-99.9% liquid fish ba~ed fertiliser and/or meat-based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro organism and/or reproductive material therefor.
The fungus and micro-org~ni~m~ may comprise at least one member of a group 25 comprising: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candfdus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, Cylindrocladium sp, Megatherium phosphaticum (and strains thereof), gram-positive bacteria, and members of the genus Pseudomonas.
Many of these org~ni~m~ have illustrated an ability to help make nutrients available to 30 plants. Some are specifically useful because they assist in the liberation of phosphorus from insoluble phosphates present in the soil. Accordingly, the following method of use is proposed:
wo 95/08521 Z ~ 7 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9-~/00099 Example 4 B
To a soil or plant supporting base (e.g. hydroponics and non-soil based growth techniques) which is rich in insoluble phosphates, a composition such as described in at least Example 4 A may be applied. If possible, the liquid composition should be applied 5 such that it can come in to contact with the phosphate material, which will accelerate the rate by which phosphate solubilising organisms affect the phosphate material. One method of application for a farmer would be to apply phosphates by normal spreader techniques to pasture, soil etc. Before the phosphate material is turned into the soil, a liquid composition (such as described in Example 4A) is then applied over the same area.
10 It is generally preferable that the liquid composition is applied secondly so that it has a chance of impr~gn~ting the phosphate m~t.ori~l If possible, the phosphate and liquid compositions may be applied cimlllt:~n~ously. It is possible that the two may be merged prior to spreading though it is noted that typical spreader techniques do not usually successfully operate for wet or damp material.
15 Consequently it is envisaged that one solution is to use a tractor or vehicle equipped with a spray boom or applicators to spray the liquid composition imm~ tely after phosphate spreading and distribution by the same vehicle, or to spray the liquid composition onto the solid m~teri~l as it leaves the vehicle.
Fxample Five 20 Another composition, given by way of example only, illustrates compositions useful for introducing VAMs and PGPRs into the soil.
Example 5 A
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-99.999% solution or composition comprising plant available nutrients, comprising at least a plant available source of at least one of the NPKS elements 0-99.9% liquid fish based fertiliser and/or meat-based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least on fungus micro organism or reproductive material therefor.
The fungus and micro-org~nicmc may comprise at least one member of a group comprising: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, plant growth promoting mycorrhizalbacteria, Pseudomonas (especially fluorescent members), Serratia liquefaciens, Glomus 35 tenuis.
wo 95/08521 2 1 7 2 5 2 8 PCT/NZ~1/0:)0~
The above bacteria have generally exhibited tendencies to improve the root growth and establishment of plants. It is envisaged that the compositions of this example will typically be applied to soil and plant supporting bases near the time of planting or see-ling, or soon thereafter. However advantages may also be obtained at other points in 5 the growth cycle. One possible example illu~ Lillg use of the invention is as follows:
Example Five B
A composition, at least as described in Example 5A is applied to soil, pasture, etc. ne~r the time of planting or seeding. Preferably, the liquid composition is applied to seea rows or troughs, and especially where it is likely to come in to contact by the roots of the 10 developing plants. If possible, the composition may be sprayed or applied directly to the seeds or roots of plants. However, care should be taken not to burn the roots of the plants and dilution of the col.lposilion may be preferable where w~~ d.
Example 5 C
A thickened composition, such as described in Example Six is prepared. Seeds are15 dispersed within this gel. The seeds may be newly gerrnin~te~l The gel support is then used to insert the seeds into the soil using known techniques.
Example Six These examples comprise thickened compositions. The compositions may be based onany of the specific examples given in this specification, or other compositions possible 20 within the scope of the present invention. Generally the viscosity will be increased so that the composition attains a syrupy or gel like consistency. This may be achieved by the use of a thick~cl fertiliser base such as the seaweed thickened composition available from Moana Fertilisers/Sieber Agriculture Research. This may be used as added thickening agent or may comprise the liquid nutrient portion in its own right. Other 25 accepted thickening agents may also be incorporated to achieve the required consistency.
Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof as defined in the appended claims.
The eoating may itself contain at least a portion of the introduced org~ni~m.c and/or nutrients of the composition. This may assist in the rapid establishment of fungal and/or micro-organism colonies in the coating while the more gradual or delayed release of other org~ni~m~ within the suk.~trate m~t~ri~l may ensue over time.
The choice of fungii and micro-organism which may be incorporated into various compositions according to the present invention, are varied. Some of these organisms will be targeted because of their ability to breakdown substances in the soil and release plant available nutrients. An example is the inelusion of org~ni~m~ whieh are able to release phosphorous from insoluble phosphate rock. Other organi~m.c are noted asbiologieal eontrol agents and in another example, eompositions aeeording to the present invention may also acL as a suitable vehiele for the introduetion of these baeterial bio-eontrol agents. For instanee, Sayre and Walter (Annu .Rev. Phytopathal. 29 (1991) pl49-166) diseuss nematode suppressive soils infeeted with fungal and bacterial antagonists. Such antagonists may be ineorporated in embodiments of the present invention.
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) are known to improve plant growth by stim~ 3ting the uptake of nutrients, and suppressing the detrimental effects of root pathogens (Bio-Technolo~y In A~rieulture. pl41-174, ( 1988) Publ. Alan R Liss, Ine.).
Once again, compositions according to the present invention represent a useful vehicle for the introduction of such micro org~ni.cm.c to soils, and their inclusion at the time of sowing (see gel pl~nting method above) represents a useful method of the introduction of beneficial org~ni.cm.c int~- ~he soil.
As can be appreciated, a wide variety of organi~m.c may be introduced via the present invention. One potentially realisable advantage of compositions according to the present J invention is that they can be specifically targeted for application to effective specific 35 areas. For in~t~nre, VAMS may be introduced in seed drills at the time of sowing seed by sowing the seeds in the gel comprising a suitable composition according to the present wo 95/08521 2 ~ 1 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9~/00099 invention. Alternatively, a liquid composition could be sprayed or injected into .1 drills imm~ tely after sowing. In both these cases, a desirable fungus, micro-organism and/or their reproductive material may be efficiently and selectively introduced to soil (or plant support m~ m) using existing farm and agricultural equipment.
5 Examples of org~nicmc which may be includçd in embodiments of the present invention include members of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Most members of these fungal groups are useful though in particular the following may be specifically targeted:
Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus candidus, 10 Aspergillus ~avus, Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium sp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Cylindrocladium sp.
Some other micro-organicm.c which may be targeted for establishment include bacillus Megatherium phosphaticum and strains thereof, gram-positive bacteria and members of the genus Pseudomonas. However it is to be noted that the foregoing lists are not meant 15 to be exhaustive but are provided by way of example only.
The above listed org~nicmc will generally be included where is desirable to release for plants, nutrients locked into the soil. Many of the foregoing exhibit phosphate solubilising properties and are useful where less soluble forms of phosphate fertilisers (e.g. rock phosphate) have been applied to a soil. Some of the micro-org~nicm.c are also 20 able to liberate free ammonia from nutrients present in the soil. This may be useful for some plants, though it has been noted that the liberation of free ammonia can sometimes increase the solubility of phosphates in the soil.
Examples of other org~ni.cmc which may be included in various composition include VAMs (refer article by I R Hall in Bio-Technolo~y in A~riculture~ pl41-174 (1988) 25 Publ. Alan R Liss, Inc.). Other mycorrhizal fungi may be incorporated. Ericoid and Ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculum can be growth in artificial cultures and may be commercially produced. These may be readily introduced into compositions according to the present invention. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are also known and may be included in various compositions according to the present invention.
30 It is noted however that some of the fungi and micro-org~nicmc are sensitive to their environment and thus some consideration will need to be given to the liquid carrier and plant nutrient. Some are quite sensitive to pH levels and nutritional balances.
Consequently, it may be desirable to tailor a carrier or plant nlltrient so that it falls within the acceptable limits of a particular included fungus or micro organism. This information 35 is, normally, readily available enabling a skilled addressee of the art to readily tailor a liquid composition to support included fungi, micro-organisms and/or reproductive - wo 95/08521 2 1 7 2 5 2 8 PCT/NZ94/00099 material. In instances where an incompatibility problem remains, the combination of the fungal or micro organism material within twelve hours (or a shorter duration) ofapplication may be preferable. Combination immediately prior to, or during application of the composition may also be considered in some cases.
5 Many of the introduced fungi, micro org~nicmc and reproductive material may beintroduced from a suitable culture or inoculum. In some instances, a composition may also be created which is able to act as a growth medium for the included org~ni~m~. A
composition may be used as a culture m~ m, from which aliquots are drawn and added to new, non-inoculated batches of a liquid carrier for the preparation of a fertilising 10 composition. However, the shelf life of such products may be relatively short if they are stored under conditions overly amenable to the rapid growth and advancement of the contained species. As the conditions will differ for each possible species, some minor experimentation may be required to determine likely shelf lives of various possible compositions.
15 Substantially liquid or gel like compositions may be readily applied to soil, pasture, seeds, and plants etc. It may be desirable in some in~t~n~eS to apply the liquid fertilising composition to other substrates before introduction to soil etc. The use of coatings have been previously fli~c--s~e~, and there it was disclosed that various mineral substrates, including rock phosphates, could be useful. Accordingly, some compositions of the 20 present invention may be impregnated into normal materials. These may include natural phosphates, as well as other minerals (e.g. dolomite, lime etc.) commonly applied to plants and their growing media. Where compositions include a binding or coating material, then the application will typically be more of a coating rather than solely impregnation, though typically there will be a combination of both. The resulting 25 products may then be applied as required to plants and/or their growing media, or according to other uses as may be envisaged.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT T~ NVFNTION
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing examples, which are not intended to be restrictive but to illustrate the potential 30 scope and some of the many aspects of the present invention.
Exarnple One The liquid carrier in this example comprises a fish based fertiliser such as available from Sieber Agricultural Research Limited or Moana Fertilisers Limited, both of Baldhill Road, Waiuku, New 7~ n~1. Another option is the use of a nutrient broth or extract 35 such as the liquid waste of many meat and offal processing plants.
WO 95/08521 2 ~ 1 ~ 5 ~ ~ PCT/NZg~/00099 It each case, the nutrients should be relatively free of solid material. Depending on~
intended method of application of the final product, it may be desirable to screen or filter the liquid carrier to remove any material which may clog fertiliser spray-application nozzles. Generally, filtering through a screen removing the buL~ of particles greater than 5 0.1 mm is size will be satisfactory for most applications, though elimin~ting particles greater than 0.05 mm in size would be more desirable. Most preferable would be to elimin~te particles greater than 0.02mm in size, though the end use of the composition and user requirements may impose different restrictions and parameters. These general particle size guidelines are applicable for other embodiments of compositions according 10 to the present invention.
Each of the above nutrients are relatively rich in proteins and amines. These are typically plentiful in plant available nitrogen and both of these types of nutrients will commonly be suitable for the rapid establishment of fungal or microbial colonies.
It has been found by the applicant that a fish fertiliser composition (such as available 15 from Sieber/Moana) will readily support the growth of many of the desired fungi and micro-org~ni~m~. In trials, a nutrient broth comprising the liquid fish based fertiliser has been used to culture a range of various fungi and micro-org~ni~m~. Portions have been removed from this master culture (which has been subsequently replenished) and added to non-inoculated portions of fish based fertiliser. If only a trace amount of the master 20 culture is added, then a period of time may be required for the level of the introduced org~ni.cm~ to increase in the new product batch. Alternatively, higher levels may be introduced into the non-inoculated batch if it is to be used in the imm~ t~. future.
Consequently, one option is to supply users with both inoculated and non-inoculated batches which can be subsequently used to prepare compositions for application to 25 pasture etc. This may solve problems of a som~tim~s limited shelf life, and the problems of storing large volumes of a 'living' product.
Example Two The following are a range of compositions found to be suitable by the applicant during preliminary trials. In the general composition (2A), the fish base liquid fertiliser may be 30 that marketed by Moana Fertilisers/Sieber Agricultural Research Limited of Baldhill Road, Waiuku, New Zealand. Other equivalent fertiliser compositions may also be substituted.
Example 2 A
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 90-99.999% liquid fish based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro-organism or reproductive material therefor As an option, additional nutrients and/or trace elements may be incorporated into the mixture. At least Moana FeT~ilisers/Sieber Agricultural Research produce a liquid fish base fertiliser which is fortified by the addition of additional nutrients and/or trace elem~nt.~. This may be a convenient way of introducing additional nutrients, or altering the nutrient balance of the composition. A finely divided phosphate material, blood and bone, and other ~ubst~nti~lly insoluble fertilisers/nutrients may also be included. It may be desirable to follow the guidelines on particle size mentioned previously.
Example 2 B
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 90-99.999% protein based fertiliser composition such as from meat proces~ing plant 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro organism or reproductive m~teri~l therefor Trials by the applicants have in~ t~-l that the above composition will also be especially suitable for supporting the growth and establishment of fungus, micro org~ni~m~ and their reproductive material. The balance of nutrients in meat based fertiliser extracts differ from fish based extracts (which are relatively high in phosphorous).
25 Consequently, it is envisaged that many embodiments based on fish and meat fertiliser compositions will make use of the attributes of both to yield a more balanced or tailored overall composition. By way of example:
Example 2 C
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-98% liquid fish base fertiliser 0-98% protein based fertiliser composition from meat processing plant 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro organism or reproductive m~teri~l therefor wo 95/08521 ~ ~ 7 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9~/00099 In the foregoing examples, it is convenient to introduce the fungus, micro organ~s and/or reproductive material therefor in the form of a culture. This may be performed by traditional, accepted methods and while specific cultures may be cultivated on laboratory plates or agar, it has been found by the applicants that their liquid fish based fertiliser is 5 capable of supporting a wide range of fungus, micro organisms and their reproductive m~teri~l Consequently, in preliminary trials, the applicants have used the liquid fish based fertiliser to culture a range of organi~m.c which are then divided out and introduced into other batches. In some instances the use of a thickened liquid fish fertiliser may be advantageous, both for cllltl-ring and for the final product (see previously - gel planting 10 of seeds).
It is noted that Moana Fertilisers/Sieber Agriculture Research will commercially produce a thickened (predominantly by seaweed) fish based fertiliser on request. This may be useful for growing cultures as an alternative to the laboratory agar plates. It is also noted that this thick~ned composition will also be useful for embodiments where a coating is to 15 be applied to a substrate material. In this case, the seaweed component can be used to form a gel like coating about substrate materials such as granular or particulate rock phosphate.
The viscosity of the gel coating will affect the thicKness and integrity of the resulting coating. The viscosity will also affect the manner in which the liquid composition can be 20 introduced to the phosphate matPrial. Traditional blending techniques may be relied upon to introduce the liquid component to the solid material. One technique is the spray or drip application of the liquid or gel portions to the solid matter in a rotating drum or blending vat. Similar techniques have long been used for confectionery manllfactllre.
Example Three 25 The compositions of Example Three are based on inorganic fertiliser compositions and nutrients.
Example 3 A
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-99.999% solution or composition including plant available nutrients, comprising at least a plant available source of at least one of the NPKS elements o-99.9% liquid fish based fertiliser and/or meat-based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least on fungus micro organism or reproductive mat~.rial therefor WOg5/08521 2 1 72528 PCT/NZ94/00099 A wide range of plants available nutrient solutions and compositions may be used. It is envisaged that typically these will be based on inorganic and mineral type fertilising elements though organic and semi-organic derived nutrients may also be included.Examples of some inorganic type nutrients include urea, the nitrates of many metals, 5 ammonium compounds, soluble phosphate compounds, soluble sulphur and oxysulfur, soluble pot~ssillm compounds. Examples of some org~nic~lly derived nutrients include liquid nutrients, substantially free of solid matter (other than in the form of a colloid or suspension, or very finely divided form) derived from plants and/or animal products.
Example Four 10 The following examples describe compositions directed to solubilising nutrients which may already be present in the soil and/or making them available to plants. It is noted that the list of fungi and micro org~ni~m~ given is not meant to be restrictive, but merely by way of example only.
Example 4 A
15 A composition compri~ing, by weight up to a total of $100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-99.999% solution or composition including plant avail le nutrients, comprising at least a plant available source of at leact one of the NPKS elements 0-99.9% liquid fish ba~ed fertiliser and/or meat-based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least one fungus, micro organism and/or reproductive material therefor.
The fungus and micro-org~ni~m~ may comprise at least one member of a group 25 comprising: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candfdus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, Cylindrocladium sp, Megatherium phosphaticum (and strains thereof), gram-positive bacteria, and members of the genus Pseudomonas.
Many of these org~ni~m~ have illustrated an ability to help make nutrients available to 30 plants. Some are specifically useful because they assist in the liberation of phosphorus from insoluble phosphates present in the soil. Accordingly, the following method of use is proposed:
wo 95/08521 Z ~ 7 ~ 5 ~ 8 PCT/NZ9-~/00099 Example 4 B
To a soil or plant supporting base (e.g. hydroponics and non-soil based growth techniques) which is rich in insoluble phosphates, a composition such as described in at least Example 4 A may be applied. If possible, the liquid composition should be applied 5 such that it can come in to contact with the phosphate material, which will accelerate the rate by which phosphate solubilising organisms affect the phosphate material. One method of application for a farmer would be to apply phosphates by normal spreader techniques to pasture, soil etc. Before the phosphate material is turned into the soil, a liquid composition (such as described in Example 4A) is then applied over the same area.
10 It is generally preferable that the liquid composition is applied secondly so that it has a chance of impr~gn~ting the phosphate m~t.ori~l If possible, the phosphate and liquid compositions may be applied cimlllt:~n~ously. It is possible that the two may be merged prior to spreading though it is noted that typical spreader techniques do not usually successfully operate for wet or damp material.
15 Consequently it is envisaged that one solution is to use a tractor or vehicle equipped with a spray boom or applicators to spray the liquid composition imm~ tely after phosphate spreading and distribution by the same vehicle, or to spray the liquid composition onto the solid m~teri~l as it leaves the vehicle.
Fxample Five 20 Another composition, given by way of example only, illustrates compositions useful for introducing VAMs and PGPRs into the soil.
Example 5 A
A composition comprising, by weight up to a total of 100%:
Percentage by weight Component 0-99.999% solution or composition comprising plant available nutrients, comprising at least a plant available source of at least one of the NPKS elements 0-99.9% liquid fish based fertiliser and/or meat-based fertiliser 0.001-10% at least on fungus micro organism or reproductive material therefor.
The fungus and micro-org~nicmc may comprise at least one member of a group comprising: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, plant growth promoting mycorrhizalbacteria, Pseudomonas (especially fluorescent members), Serratia liquefaciens, Glomus 35 tenuis.
wo 95/08521 2 1 7 2 5 2 8 PCT/NZ~1/0:)0~
The above bacteria have generally exhibited tendencies to improve the root growth and establishment of plants. It is envisaged that the compositions of this example will typically be applied to soil and plant supporting bases near the time of planting or see-ling, or soon thereafter. However advantages may also be obtained at other points in 5 the growth cycle. One possible example illu~ Lillg use of the invention is as follows:
Example Five B
A composition, at least as described in Example 5A is applied to soil, pasture, etc. ne~r the time of planting or seeding. Preferably, the liquid composition is applied to seea rows or troughs, and especially where it is likely to come in to contact by the roots of the 10 developing plants. If possible, the composition may be sprayed or applied directly to the seeds or roots of plants. However, care should be taken not to burn the roots of the plants and dilution of the col.lposilion may be preferable where w~~ d.
Example 5 C
A thickened composition, such as described in Example Six is prepared. Seeds are15 dispersed within this gel. The seeds may be newly gerrnin~te~l The gel support is then used to insert the seeds into the soil using known techniques.
Example Six These examples comprise thickened compositions. The compositions may be based onany of the specific examples given in this specification, or other compositions possible 20 within the scope of the present invention. Generally the viscosity will be increased so that the composition attains a syrupy or gel like consistency. This may be achieved by the use of a thick~cl fertiliser base such as the seaweed thickened composition available from Moana Fertilisers/Sieber Agriculture Research. This may be used as added thickening agent or may comprise the liquid nutrient portion in its own right. Other 25 accepted thickening agents may also be incorporated to achieve the required consistency.
Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (37)
1. A liquid fertilising composition, substantially free of solid matter, comprising:
- an organic derived plant nutrient consisting of a composition derived from at least one of fish, marine material, and meat processing waste; the nutrient being also a nutrient for - at least one of an introduced fungus, micro-organism, and reproductive material therefor.
- an organic derived plant nutrient consisting of a composition derived from at least one of fish, marine material, and meat processing waste; the nutrient being also a nutrient for - at least one of an introduced fungus, micro-organism, and reproductive material therefor.
2. A liquid fertilising composition, substantially free of solid matter, comprising:
- a diluent or carrier, - a binding agent, - an organic derived plant nutrient consisting of a composition derived from at least one of fish, marine material, and meat processing waste; the nutrient being also a nutrient for - at least one introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor;
said composition being characterised that when applied to a surface, there is formed a coating having at least one of the properties of being porous, slowly soluble, and degradable through weathering or the action of the introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor; said coating retaining at least a portion of said introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor.
- a diluent or carrier, - a binding agent, - an organic derived plant nutrient consisting of a composition derived from at least one of fish, marine material, and meat processing waste; the nutrient being also a nutrient for - at least one introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor;
said composition being characterised that when applied to a surface, there is formed a coating having at least one of the properties of being porous, slowly soluble, and degradable through weathering or the action of the introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor; said coating retaining at least a portion of said introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor.
3. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim either claim 1 or claim 2 which includes a phosphate solubilising fungus, micro-organism, or reproductive material therefor.
4. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said introduced fungus, micro-organism, and/or reproductive material therefor comprises at least one member of a group comprising:
Fusarium Oxysporum, Fusarium Solani, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus Candidus, Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Ustus, Penicillium Janthinellum, Penicillium sp., Sclerotium Rolfsii, Cylindrocladium sp., Trichoderma viride, Glocladium sp., Verticillum albo-atrum, Penicillum bilaji, Mortierella nana, Mortierella longicollis and Aspergillus terrens.
Fusarium Oxysporum, Fusarium Solani, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus Candidus, Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Ustus, Penicillium Janthinellum, Penicillium sp., Sclerotium Rolfsii, Cylindrocladium sp., Trichoderma viride, Glocladium sp., Verticillum albo-atrum, Penicillum bilaji, Mortierella nana, Mortierella longicollis and Aspergillus terrens.
5. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said introduced fungus, micro-organism, and/or reproductive material therefor comprises at least one member of a group comprising: Bacillus megatherium, phosphaticum and strains thereof, grampositive bacteria, and members of the species Pseudomonas.
6. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 which includes a nitrogenous nutrient.
7. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 6 which includes an introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor, which is able to act upon said contained nitrogenous nutrient to release free ammonia.
8. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said introduced fungus, micro-organism, and/or reproductive material therefor, is a vesicular-arbuscular myccorhiza.
9. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 in which said reproductive material comprises fungal spores.
10. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 in which said plant nutrient is a fish based nutrient composition.
11. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 11 where said fish base composition is prepared predominantly from deep sea fish species having a relatively high oil content.
12. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said fish based composition is based predominantly upon material from the Orange Roughy, or Cardinal.
13. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 which includes a viscosity increasing agent.
14. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 13 wherein said viscosity increasing agent is seaweed based,
15. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 13 wherein said viscosity increasing agent comprises a polysaccharide.
16. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 13 which is gel or paste like in viscosity.
17. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein said binding agent is able to adhere to a material to which said fertilising composition is applied.
18. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 18 wherein said binding material is able to bind or form a coating on a porous or absorbent mineral surface.
19. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein said coating comprises a gel or gum like material.
20. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 19 wherein said coating comprises a seaweed based material.
21. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 19 wherein said coating comprises at least one of a polysaccharide, gelatine, and a silica gel.
22. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein said coating is formed by removal of a carrier or diluent.
23. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 22 wherein said carrier or diluent removal is by either or both evaporation, and absorption into the material to which said fertilising composition is applied.
24. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein said coating is capable of supporting the growth of said introduced fungus, micro-organisms and/or reproductive material therefor.
25 A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 24 wherein said coating is degraded by the growth of said fungus, micro-organisms and/or reproductive material therefor.
26. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in claim 25 wherein there is present an introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor whose purpose is predominantly for the degradation of said coating over time.
27. A liquid fertilising composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in combination with a phosphate rock.
28. A combination of the fertilising composition and phosphate rock as claimed in claim 27, wherein said phosphate rock is in a substantially particulate or granular form.
29. A combination of the fertilising composition and phosphate rock as claimed in claim 28, wherein said particles of granules of phosphate rock are substantially coated with said fertilising composition.
30. A fertilising composition comprising a phosphate rock impregnated with a composition as claimed in claim 1.
31. A fertilising composition comprising a phosphate rock impregnated with a composition as claimed in claim 2.
32. A fertilising composition as claimed in claim 31 wherein said coating is predominantly based on at least one of, a seaweed, a polysaccharide gum, gelatine, or silica gel.
33 . A method for the preparation of a fertilising composition comprising the application of a liquid fertilising composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2, and which includes a phosphate solubilising fungus, and/or reproductive material therefor, to a phosphate rock.
34. A method as claimed in 33 wherein a coating is formed about said phosphate rock.
35. A method as claimed in claim 33 wherein said phosphate rock is in a substantially fine particulate, granular or powdered form.
36. A liquid fertilising composition, substantially as described herein, with reference to the contained examples.
37. A method for the preparation of a fertilising composition, substantially as described herein, with reference to the accompanying diagrams.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ248768A NZ248768A (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1993-09-24 | Liquid fertiliser; liquid plant nutrient and at least one introduced fungus, micro-organism and/or reproductive material therefor |
| NZ248768 | 1993-09-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2172528A1 true CA2172528A1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
Family
ID=19924499
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002172528A Abandoned CA2172528A1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1994-09-23 | Fertilisers comprising nutrient and phosphate solubilising fungus |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1135746A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU715303B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2172528A1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ248768A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995008521A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107673914A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 王松堂 | Solve salt bacterium deep sea fish oil preparation technology |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2205816C1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2003-06-10 | Винаров Александр Юрьевич | Mineral-bioorganic additive for growth and development in plants |
| CN100393672C (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2008-06-11 | 湖南大学 | Active additive for promoting agricultural waste material compost decomposition and its application |
| US8445256B2 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2013-05-21 | Novozymes A/S | Liquid mycorrhiza compositions |
| AR073718A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2010-11-24 | Novozymes Biolog Ltd | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO INCREASE THE AMOUNTS OF PHOSPHORY AVAILABLE FOR THE SOIL PLANT ABSORPTION |
| BR112012023500B8 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2018-05-22 | Basf Se | synergistic composition, method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi and method for protecting plant propagation material from plant pathogenic fungi |
| CN101805216B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-06-06 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for locally culturing and producing arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus biological agent fertilizer in farmlands |
| US9365464B2 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2016-06-14 | Novozymes Bioag A/S | Microbial strains, compositions, and methods for increasing available phosphate for plants |
| AU2014309005A1 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2016-03-24 | The Mosaic Company | System and methods for addition of beneficial agricultural, biological, and/or dedusting additives to granular fertilizers |
| EP3166911B1 (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2023-08-09 | The Mosaic Company | Incorporation of biological agents in fertilizers |
| MX2018001759A (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2018-07-06 | Mosaic Co | Acid treatment for fertilizers to increase zinc solubility and availability. |
| CN105309289B (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2018-04-20 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of cultural method for improving the anti-root-knot nematode of northern facility tomato |
| CN105647817B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2019-04-26 | 华中农业大学 | The penicillium janthinellum of one plant of soil slightly solubility aluminum phosphate that reduces sourness and its application |
| FR3051466B1 (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2020-01-17 | Ab7 Innovation | COMPOSITION FOR INDUCING A BIOLOGICAL EFFECT ON A PLANT TARGET |
| CN106973749A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-25 | 黄平县华富生态种养殖科技发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of blueberry |
| CN109721444B (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Soil phosphorus activator and preparation method, application method and application thereof |
| CN111718221A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-09-29 | 南京农业大学 | Composite soil remediation agent and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4327181A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1982-04-27 | Battelle Development Corporation | Aerobic submerged fermentation of sporulating, ectomycorrhizal fungi |
| JPS63173583A (en) * | 1987-01-13 | 1988-07-18 | Akira Yamazaki | Culture of mycelium of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes |
-
1993
- 1993-09-24 NZ NZ248768A patent/NZ248768A/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-09-23 AU AU76677/94A patent/AU715303B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-09-23 WO PCT/NZ1994/000099 patent/WO1995008521A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-09-23 CA CA002172528A patent/CA2172528A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-23 CN CN94194264A patent/CN1135746A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107673914A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 王松堂 | Solve salt bacterium deep sea fish oil preparation technology |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1135746A (en) | 1996-11-13 |
| NZ248768A (en) | 1996-12-20 |
| AU715303B2 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
| WO1995008521A1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
| AU7667794A (en) | 1995-04-10 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |