CA2066226A1 - Hair care preparations - Google Patents
Hair care preparationsInfo
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- CA2066226A1 CA2066226A1 CA 2066226 CA2066226A CA2066226A1 CA 2066226 A1 CA2066226 A1 CA 2066226A1 CA 2066226 CA2066226 CA 2066226 CA 2066226 A CA2066226 A CA 2066226A CA 2066226 A1 CA2066226 A1 CA 2066226A1
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- preparations
- hair
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8158—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides, e.g. (meth) acrylamide; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
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- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
SUBSTITUTE
REMPLACEMENT
SECTION is not Present Cette Section est Absente
REMPLACEMENT
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Description
HAIR CAR~ PR~PARATION8 This invention relates to hair-treatment preparations containing zwitterionic polymers.
After washing, dyeing, or permanent waving, hair often shows unsatisfactory wet and dry combability, in addition to which the curl retention capacity of dry hair is inade-quate. To remedy this drawback, either appropriate com-ponents have to be added to the hair treatment prepara-tions, or the hair has to be subsequently subjected to a separate treatment with these substances which, for this purpose, are normally formulated as a rinse.
Polymeric compounds are frequently used as active sub-stances of the type in question to improve the properties of hair.
Although cationic polymers, such as for example the cellulose derivatives known from US Patents 3,816,616 and 3,472,840, are capable of distinctly improving wet comb-ability, they effect only unsati~factory hair-~etting and style-holding effects.
The use of zwitterionic polymers containing anionic groups, mostly carboxyl groups, and quaternary ammonium groups in the molecule in hair-treatment preparations is also known. For example, DE-OS 21 50 557 describes the use of polymers of zwitterionic monomers in hair-setting prep-arations. The use of copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate in hair-setting lotions and shampoos is also known from DE-OS 28 17 369.
These known zwitterionic polymers in hair-treatment and hair-setting preparations have the disadvantage, par-ticularly in formulations with anionic surfactants, that their hair-conditioning and hair-setting properties are gradually lost in the event of prolonged storage. Accord-ingly, it was proposed in DE-OS 37 08 451 to use zwitter-ionic polymers consisting of 30 to 70% monomers containing quaternary ammonium groups, 10 to 30% monomeric olefinical-ly unsaturated carboxylic acids, 10 to 30% monomeric ole-finically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and 0 to 40%
monomers containing tertiary amino groups. These polymers are highly compatible with anionic and cationic surfactants and have good hair-conditioning and style-holding proper-ties.
Although, therefore, suitable polymers are available for obtaining the desired effect~ on the hair, these poly-mers are made up of at least 3 or 4 monomers. According-ly, there is ~till a need for polymers which, for compar-able properties, are less complex in structure, i.e. can be synthesized from a smaller number of different monomers.
It has now surprisingly been found that certain zwit-terionic polymers of monomers containing quaternary ammon-ium groups and monomeric carboxylic acids have wet-comba-bility-improving, hair-conditioning and style-holding properties which, hitherto, have only been achieved with polymers of a larger number of different monomers. In addition, it is possible with these polymers to formulate hair-treatment preparations based on anionic and/or ampho-teric surfactants which, on the basis of their effect on the wet combability of hair, correspond in their perform-ance level to known cationic rinses.
Accordingly, the present in~ention relates to water-based hair-treatment preparations containing zwitterionic polymers, characterized in that the zwitterionic polymers are essentially made up of A) monomers containing quaternary ammonium groups corre-sponding to general formula (I) R1-CH=CR2-Co-Z-(CDH2n)-N(+)R3R4RS A( ) (I) in which R1 and R2 independently of one another rep-resent hydrogen or a methyl group and R3, R4 and R5 independently of one another represent Cl_4 alkyl groups, Z is an NH group or an oxygen atom, n is an integer of 2 to 5 and A( ) is the anion of an organic or inorganic acid and B) monomeric carboxylic acids corresponding to general formula (II) R6-CH=CR7-CooH (II) in which R6 and R7 independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl groups.
Suitable starting monomers are, for example, dimethyl-aminoethyl acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl meth-acrylamide, and diethylaminoethyl acrylamide in cases where Z i8 an NH group or dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl acrylate in cases where Z is an oxygen atom.
35¦ The monomers mentioned are prepared by known methods of the type described, for example, in US Patent 3,878,247, DE-PS 28 19 735, DE-PS 28 36 520, DE-PS 34 02 59g or CH-PS 464 891.
The monomers containing a tertiary amino group are then quaternized in known manner, methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate being particularly suitable al-kylating reagents. The quaternization reaction may takeplace in aqueous solution or in a solvent. Suitable pro-cesses are described, for example, in DE-OS 33 30 326, DE-oS 25 37 378, or DE-OS 32 44 274.
It is of advantage to use monomers corresponding to formula (I) which are derivatives of acrylamide or meth-acrylamide. Other preferred monomers are those which contain halide, methoxysulfate, or ethoxysulfate ions as counterions. Monomers of formula (I), in which R3, R4 and R5 are methyl groups, are also preferred.
Acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is a particularly preferred monomer of formula (I).
Suitable monomeric carboxylic acids corresponding to formula (II) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and 2-methyl crotonic acid. Acrylic acid or meth-acrylic acid are preferred, acrylic acid being particularlypreferred.
The zwitterionic polymers according to the invention are prepared from monomers corresponding to formulae (I) and (II) by polymerization processes known per se. The polymerization may be carried out either in aqueous solu-tion or in aqueous/alcoholic solution. The alcohols used are Cl_~ alcohols, preferably isopropanol, which simultan-eously act as polymerization regulators. However, other components may be added to the monomer solution as regula-tors, including for example formic acid or mercaptans, suchas thioethanol and thioglycolic acid. The polymerization i8 $nitiated by radical-forming ccmpounds. Redox systems and/or thermally decomposing radical formers of the azo compound type, such as for example azoisobutyronitrile, azo-bis-(cyanopentanoic acid) or azo-bis-(amidinopropane)-dihydrochloride, may be used for this purpose. Suitable redox systems are, for example, combinations of hydrogen peroxide, potassium or ammonium peroxodisulfate and ter-tiary butyl hydroperoxide with sodium ~ulfite, sodium di-thionite or hydroxylamine hydrochloride as reducing com-ponent.
The polymerization may be carried out isothermally or under adiabatic conditions, the reaction temperature being variable over the range from 20 to 200 C, depending on the concentrations used, through the heat of polymerization released. The reaction may have to be carried out under the excess pressure spontaneously established. The reac-tion temperature is preferably in the range from 20 to 100 o C.
The pH value during the copolymerization may vary over a wide range. Polymerization is advantageously carried out at low pH values, although it may also be carried out at pH
values above the neutral point. On completion of polymer-ization, the reaction mixture is adjusted to a pH value of 5 to 10 and preferably 6 to 8 with an aqueous base, for ex-ample sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia.
Further particulars of the polymerization process can be found in the Examples.
Polymers in which the monomers of formula (I) were present in an excess over the monomers of formula (II) have proved to be particularly effective. In a preferred em-bodiment of the invention, therefore, the polymers used consist of monomers corresponding to formula (I) and mon-omers corresponding to formula (II) in a molar ratio of 60:40 to 95:5 and, more particularly, 75:25 to 95:5.
The zwitterionic polymers mentioned are preferably present in the preparations according to the invention in guantities of 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the prepara-tion as a whole. The polymers are very effective in im-proving wet combability, even in low concentrations. ~y contrast, their hair-conditioning and hair-setting effects in most cases are cnly observed with concentrations above about 1 % by weight. Accordingly, it is particularly pre-*erred to use the polymers in quantities of about 1 to 5%
by weight.
The zwitterionic polymers according to the invention are preferably used in water-based preparations containing surface-active compounds. Preferred surface-active com-pounds are anior.ic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and/or non-ionic surfactants.
Suitable anionic surfactants for the hair-treatment preparations according to the invention are any anionic surface-active compounds suitable for use on the human body. They are characterized by a water-solubilizing an-ionic group such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, or phosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl group containing about 10 to 22 carbon atoms. In addition, gly-col ether or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether, and amide groups and also hydroxyl groups may be present in the molecule. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are the sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts and the mono-, di-and tri-alkanolammonium salts - containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol group - of:
20 - linear fatty acids containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms (soaps);
- ether carboxylic acids corresponding to the formula R-O-(CH2CH20)~-CH2-COOH, in which R is a linear C10_22 alkyl group and x = 0 or 1 to 10;
25 - acyl sarcosides containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group;
- acyl taurides containing 10 to 18 carbon atomQ in the acyl group;
- acyl isethionates containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group;
- sulfosuccinic acid mono- and di-alkyl esters contain-ing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and sulfo-succinic acid monoalkyl polyethoxyl esters containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 1 to 6 ethoxyl groups;
- linear alkanesulfonates containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms;
- linear ~-olefin sulfonates containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms;
- ~-sulfofatty acid methyl esters o~ fatty acids con-taining 12 to 18 carbon atoms,;
- alkylsulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates cor-responding to the formula R-O(CH2-CH20)~-OSO3H, in which R is a preferably linear alkyl group containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms and x = O or 1 to 12;
- mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-OS 37 25 030;
- sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene and/or hydroxyal-kylene propylene glycol ethers according to DE-OS 37 23 254;
- esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols which are adducts of about 2 to 15 molecules of ethyl-ene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
Preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in the molecule.
Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds which contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one -COO(~) or -S03(-) group in the molecule. Particu-larly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example coconut oil alkyl N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycin-ate, N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example coconut oil acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl am-monium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxy-ethyl imidazolines containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and also coconut oil acylaminoethyl hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate.
Amphoteric surfactants are understood to be surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C8_18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOB- or -S03B- group in the molecule and which are 20~6226 capable of forming inner salts. Examples of suitable am-photeric surfactants are N-alkyl glycines, N-alkylamino-propionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodi-propionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl gly-cines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkyl sarcosines, 2-alkylamino-propionic acids, and alkylaminoacetic acids containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
Nonionic surfactants are, above all, the adducts of 2 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with preferably linear alco-hols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, with alkylphenolscontaining 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, with fatty acids containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, with fatty acid partial glycerides, with fatty acid sorbitan partial esters, with fatty alkanolamides, and with methyl glucoside fatty acid esters. Other suitable nonionic surfactants are alkyl(oligo)glycosides, alkylamine oxide surfactants, and fatty acid alkanolamides.
Cationic surfactants may also be present in the prep-arations according to the invention providing they are com-patible with the other components, for example anionic sur-factants. Such cationic surfactants are known, for exam-ple, from DE-OS 34 42 175.
The preparations according to the invention preferably contain surface-active compounds in quantities of 0.1 to 40 % by weight, based on the preparation as a whole.
By virtue of their favorable hair-conditioning and hair-setting properties and their compatibility with the sub6tances typically used in hair-treatment preparations, the zwitterionic polymers according to the invention are suitable as setting and hair-conditioning components in any standard water-based hair-washing and hair-care prepara-tions, æuch as for example shampoos, after-rinses, hair setting lotions, hair setting gels, and water-based color-ing, permanent-wave, and permanent-wave fixing prepara-tions.
Accordingly, the water-based hair-washing and hair-care preparations according to the invention may contain any standard auxiliaries and additives for the particular application envisaged in addition to the compulsory zwit-terionic polymers.
For hair rinses, such auxiliaries and additives are, for example, cationic surfactants, more particularly sur-face-active quaternary ammonium salts, fatty alcohols con-taining 12 to 22 carbon atoms, fatty acid partial glycer-ides, cosmetic oil and fatty components, and water-soluble polymers having a thickening effect. For hair setting lo-tions and hair setting gels, the auxiliaries and additives in question are, for example, cationic surfactants, cation-ic, nonionic, or anionic polymers, and lower alcohols.
Hair-dyeing preparations contain substantive dyes or oxida-tion dye precursors, anionic or nonionic surfactants, am-monia or alkanolamines, and, optionally, antioxidants.
Permanent-wave fixing preparations contain an oxidizing agent, for example H202, H202 adducts, or potassium bromate, and also anionic or nonionic surfactants.
The preparations according to the invention preferably have a pH value of 4 to 10 and, more preferably, 5 to 9.
The following Examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it in any way.
~pl-~
1. Preparation of a polymer of acrylamidopropyl tri--thyl ~-monium ohlorid- an~ aoryl~c aoid in a ~ol~r ratio of 3s1 ~polyn r Pl).
201.17 kg of water, 89.59 kg of a 60% by weiqht aque-ous solution of acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chlor-ide and 6.25 kg of acrylic acid were introduced into a re-actor equipped with an impeller stirrer, a heating and cooling system, a reflux condenser, and a temperature mea-surinq instrument. A pH value of 3.4 was spontaneously es-tablished. The solution was purged with nitrogen and then heated to 60 C. Solutions of 0.06 kg of azo-bis-(amidin-opropane)-dihydrochloride in 1.00 kg of water, 0.024 kg of potassium peroxodisulfate in 1,000 kg of water, and 0.012 kg of sodium disulfite in 1,000 kg of water were then suc-206622~
cessively added to the mixture with stirring. Only slight heating occurred. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 -85 C and kept at that temperature for 4 hours. The pol-ymerization was then terminated. The viscous solution was S cooled to 30-40 C and neutralized with 5,000 kg of 45%
aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The clear colorless polymer solution had the following characteristic data: pH value 6.9, dry matter 20%, product viscosity 13,800 mPa s, intrinsic viscosity 220 ml/g (in 10% NaCl solution).
After washing, dyeing, or permanent waving, hair often shows unsatisfactory wet and dry combability, in addition to which the curl retention capacity of dry hair is inade-quate. To remedy this drawback, either appropriate com-ponents have to be added to the hair treatment prepara-tions, or the hair has to be subsequently subjected to a separate treatment with these substances which, for this purpose, are normally formulated as a rinse.
Polymeric compounds are frequently used as active sub-stances of the type in question to improve the properties of hair.
Although cationic polymers, such as for example the cellulose derivatives known from US Patents 3,816,616 and 3,472,840, are capable of distinctly improving wet comb-ability, they effect only unsati~factory hair-~etting and style-holding effects.
The use of zwitterionic polymers containing anionic groups, mostly carboxyl groups, and quaternary ammonium groups in the molecule in hair-treatment preparations is also known. For example, DE-OS 21 50 557 describes the use of polymers of zwitterionic monomers in hair-setting prep-arations. The use of copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate in hair-setting lotions and shampoos is also known from DE-OS 28 17 369.
These known zwitterionic polymers in hair-treatment and hair-setting preparations have the disadvantage, par-ticularly in formulations with anionic surfactants, that their hair-conditioning and hair-setting properties are gradually lost in the event of prolonged storage. Accord-ingly, it was proposed in DE-OS 37 08 451 to use zwitter-ionic polymers consisting of 30 to 70% monomers containing quaternary ammonium groups, 10 to 30% monomeric olefinical-ly unsaturated carboxylic acids, 10 to 30% monomeric ole-finically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and 0 to 40%
monomers containing tertiary amino groups. These polymers are highly compatible with anionic and cationic surfactants and have good hair-conditioning and style-holding proper-ties.
Although, therefore, suitable polymers are available for obtaining the desired effect~ on the hair, these poly-mers are made up of at least 3 or 4 monomers. According-ly, there is ~till a need for polymers which, for compar-able properties, are less complex in structure, i.e. can be synthesized from a smaller number of different monomers.
It has now surprisingly been found that certain zwit-terionic polymers of monomers containing quaternary ammon-ium groups and monomeric carboxylic acids have wet-comba-bility-improving, hair-conditioning and style-holding properties which, hitherto, have only been achieved with polymers of a larger number of different monomers. In addition, it is possible with these polymers to formulate hair-treatment preparations based on anionic and/or ampho-teric surfactants which, on the basis of their effect on the wet combability of hair, correspond in their perform-ance level to known cationic rinses.
Accordingly, the present in~ention relates to water-based hair-treatment preparations containing zwitterionic polymers, characterized in that the zwitterionic polymers are essentially made up of A) monomers containing quaternary ammonium groups corre-sponding to general formula (I) R1-CH=CR2-Co-Z-(CDH2n)-N(+)R3R4RS A( ) (I) in which R1 and R2 independently of one another rep-resent hydrogen or a methyl group and R3, R4 and R5 independently of one another represent Cl_4 alkyl groups, Z is an NH group or an oxygen atom, n is an integer of 2 to 5 and A( ) is the anion of an organic or inorganic acid and B) monomeric carboxylic acids corresponding to general formula (II) R6-CH=CR7-CooH (II) in which R6 and R7 independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl groups.
Suitable starting monomers are, for example, dimethyl-aminoethyl acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl meth-acrylamide, and diethylaminoethyl acrylamide in cases where Z i8 an NH group or dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl acrylate in cases where Z is an oxygen atom.
35¦ The monomers mentioned are prepared by known methods of the type described, for example, in US Patent 3,878,247, DE-PS 28 19 735, DE-PS 28 36 520, DE-PS 34 02 59g or CH-PS 464 891.
The monomers containing a tertiary amino group are then quaternized in known manner, methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate being particularly suitable al-kylating reagents. The quaternization reaction may takeplace in aqueous solution or in a solvent. Suitable pro-cesses are described, for example, in DE-OS 33 30 326, DE-oS 25 37 378, or DE-OS 32 44 274.
It is of advantage to use monomers corresponding to formula (I) which are derivatives of acrylamide or meth-acrylamide. Other preferred monomers are those which contain halide, methoxysulfate, or ethoxysulfate ions as counterions. Monomers of formula (I), in which R3, R4 and R5 are methyl groups, are also preferred.
Acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is a particularly preferred monomer of formula (I).
Suitable monomeric carboxylic acids corresponding to formula (II) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and 2-methyl crotonic acid. Acrylic acid or meth-acrylic acid are preferred, acrylic acid being particularlypreferred.
The zwitterionic polymers according to the invention are prepared from monomers corresponding to formulae (I) and (II) by polymerization processes known per se. The polymerization may be carried out either in aqueous solu-tion or in aqueous/alcoholic solution. The alcohols used are Cl_~ alcohols, preferably isopropanol, which simultan-eously act as polymerization regulators. However, other components may be added to the monomer solution as regula-tors, including for example formic acid or mercaptans, suchas thioethanol and thioglycolic acid. The polymerization i8 $nitiated by radical-forming ccmpounds. Redox systems and/or thermally decomposing radical formers of the azo compound type, such as for example azoisobutyronitrile, azo-bis-(cyanopentanoic acid) or azo-bis-(amidinopropane)-dihydrochloride, may be used for this purpose. Suitable redox systems are, for example, combinations of hydrogen peroxide, potassium or ammonium peroxodisulfate and ter-tiary butyl hydroperoxide with sodium ~ulfite, sodium di-thionite or hydroxylamine hydrochloride as reducing com-ponent.
The polymerization may be carried out isothermally or under adiabatic conditions, the reaction temperature being variable over the range from 20 to 200 C, depending on the concentrations used, through the heat of polymerization released. The reaction may have to be carried out under the excess pressure spontaneously established. The reac-tion temperature is preferably in the range from 20 to 100 o C.
The pH value during the copolymerization may vary over a wide range. Polymerization is advantageously carried out at low pH values, although it may also be carried out at pH
values above the neutral point. On completion of polymer-ization, the reaction mixture is adjusted to a pH value of 5 to 10 and preferably 6 to 8 with an aqueous base, for ex-ample sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia.
Further particulars of the polymerization process can be found in the Examples.
Polymers in which the monomers of formula (I) were present in an excess over the monomers of formula (II) have proved to be particularly effective. In a preferred em-bodiment of the invention, therefore, the polymers used consist of monomers corresponding to formula (I) and mon-omers corresponding to formula (II) in a molar ratio of 60:40 to 95:5 and, more particularly, 75:25 to 95:5.
The zwitterionic polymers mentioned are preferably present in the preparations according to the invention in guantities of 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the prepara-tion as a whole. The polymers are very effective in im-proving wet combability, even in low concentrations. ~y contrast, their hair-conditioning and hair-setting effects in most cases are cnly observed with concentrations above about 1 % by weight. Accordingly, it is particularly pre-*erred to use the polymers in quantities of about 1 to 5%
by weight.
The zwitterionic polymers according to the invention are preferably used in water-based preparations containing surface-active compounds. Preferred surface-active com-pounds are anior.ic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and/or non-ionic surfactants.
Suitable anionic surfactants for the hair-treatment preparations according to the invention are any anionic surface-active compounds suitable for use on the human body. They are characterized by a water-solubilizing an-ionic group such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, or phosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl group containing about 10 to 22 carbon atoms. In addition, gly-col ether or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether, and amide groups and also hydroxyl groups may be present in the molecule. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are the sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts and the mono-, di-and tri-alkanolammonium salts - containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol group - of:
20 - linear fatty acids containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms (soaps);
- ether carboxylic acids corresponding to the formula R-O-(CH2CH20)~-CH2-COOH, in which R is a linear C10_22 alkyl group and x = 0 or 1 to 10;
25 - acyl sarcosides containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group;
- acyl taurides containing 10 to 18 carbon atomQ in the acyl group;
- acyl isethionates containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group;
- sulfosuccinic acid mono- and di-alkyl esters contain-ing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and sulfo-succinic acid monoalkyl polyethoxyl esters containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 1 to 6 ethoxyl groups;
- linear alkanesulfonates containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms;
- linear ~-olefin sulfonates containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms;
- ~-sulfofatty acid methyl esters o~ fatty acids con-taining 12 to 18 carbon atoms,;
- alkylsulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates cor-responding to the formula R-O(CH2-CH20)~-OSO3H, in which R is a preferably linear alkyl group containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms and x = O or 1 to 12;
- mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-OS 37 25 030;
- sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene and/or hydroxyal-kylene propylene glycol ethers according to DE-OS 37 23 254;
- esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols which are adducts of about 2 to 15 molecules of ethyl-ene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
Preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in the molecule.
Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds which contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one -COO(~) or -S03(-) group in the molecule. Particu-larly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example coconut oil alkyl N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycin-ate, N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example coconut oil acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl am-monium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxy-ethyl imidazolines containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and also coconut oil acylaminoethyl hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate.
Amphoteric surfactants are understood to be surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C8_18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOB- or -S03B- group in the molecule and which are 20~6226 capable of forming inner salts. Examples of suitable am-photeric surfactants are N-alkyl glycines, N-alkylamino-propionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodi-propionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl gly-cines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkyl sarcosines, 2-alkylamino-propionic acids, and alkylaminoacetic acids containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
Nonionic surfactants are, above all, the adducts of 2 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with preferably linear alco-hols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, with alkylphenolscontaining 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, with fatty acids containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, with fatty acid partial glycerides, with fatty acid sorbitan partial esters, with fatty alkanolamides, and with methyl glucoside fatty acid esters. Other suitable nonionic surfactants are alkyl(oligo)glycosides, alkylamine oxide surfactants, and fatty acid alkanolamides.
Cationic surfactants may also be present in the prep-arations according to the invention providing they are com-patible with the other components, for example anionic sur-factants. Such cationic surfactants are known, for exam-ple, from DE-OS 34 42 175.
The preparations according to the invention preferably contain surface-active compounds in quantities of 0.1 to 40 % by weight, based on the preparation as a whole.
By virtue of their favorable hair-conditioning and hair-setting properties and their compatibility with the sub6tances typically used in hair-treatment preparations, the zwitterionic polymers according to the invention are suitable as setting and hair-conditioning components in any standard water-based hair-washing and hair-care prepara-tions, æuch as for example shampoos, after-rinses, hair setting lotions, hair setting gels, and water-based color-ing, permanent-wave, and permanent-wave fixing prepara-tions.
Accordingly, the water-based hair-washing and hair-care preparations according to the invention may contain any standard auxiliaries and additives for the particular application envisaged in addition to the compulsory zwit-terionic polymers.
For hair rinses, such auxiliaries and additives are, for example, cationic surfactants, more particularly sur-face-active quaternary ammonium salts, fatty alcohols con-taining 12 to 22 carbon atoms, fatty acid partial glycer-ides, cosmetic oil and fatty components, and water-soluble polymers having a thickening effect. For hair setting lo-tions and hair setting gels, the auxiliaries and additives in question are, for example, cationic surfactants, cation-ic, nonionic, or anionic polymers, and lower alcohols.
Hair-dyeing preparations contain substantive dyes or oxida-tion dye precursors, anionic or nonionic surfactants, am-monia or alkanolamines, and, optionally, antioxidants.
Permanent-wave fixing preparations contain an oxidizing agent, for example H202, H202 adducts, or potassium bromate, and also anionic or nonionic surfactants.
The preparations according to the invention preferably have a pH value of 4 to 10 and, more preferably, 5 to 9.
The following Examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it in any way.
~pl-~
1. Preparation of a polymer of acrylamidopropyl tri--thyl ~-monium ohlorid- an~ aoryl~c aoid in a ~ol~r ratio of 3s1 ~polyn r Pl).
201.17 kg of water, 89.59 kg of a 60% by weiqht aque-ous solution of acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chlor-ide and 6.25 kg of acrylic acid were introduced into a re-actor equipped with an impeller stirrer, a heating and cooling system, a reflux condenser, and a temperature mea-surinq instrument. A pH value of 3.4 was spontaneously es-tablished. The solution was purged with nitrogen and then heated to 60 C. Solutions of 0.06 kg of azo-bis-(amidin-opropane)-dihydrochloride in 1.00 kg of water, 0.024 kg of potassium peroxodisulfate in 1,000 kg of water, and 0.012 kg of sodium disulfite in 1,000 kg of water were then suc-206622~
cessively added to the mixture with stirring. Only slight heating occurred. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 -85 C and kept at that temperature for 4 hours. The pol-ymerization was then terminated. The viscous solution was S cooled to 30-40 C and neutralized with 5,000 kg of 45%
aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The clear colorless polymer solution had the following characteristic data: pH value 6.9, dry matter 20%, product viscosity 13,800 mPa s, intrinsic viscosity 220 ml/g (in 10% NaCl solution).
2. Applioation~ Ex~ples 2.1. Hair rinse No. 1 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (C12_l4) poly(3EO)glYcol ether lS sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution S.o Coconut oil acyl(C 2_l8)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30~ aqueous solution 1.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad 100 The rinse is in the form of a cloudy solution. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was very good. No adverse effect on the hair or static charging of the hair was observed.
2.2 Hair rinse No. 2 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (C~ ) poly(3 EO) glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution 5.0 DehytonO AB 30l 1.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad 100 Fatty amine derivative of betaine structure, approx.
30% active substance in water, CTFA name: coco-betaine (HENKEL) The rinse is in the form of a cloudy solution. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was very 2~66226 good.
2.3 Hair rinse No. 3 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl2-l~ alkyl poly(3 EO)glycol ether, di-sodium salt (40% active substance in water, CTFA name: disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 0.9 Texapon~ K14 S spez.2 1.2 Dehyton~ AB 30 1.0 Polymer P1 (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad lO0 2 Sodium lauryl myristyl ether sulfate, about 30% active substance in water (HENKEL) The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was good to very good.
2.4 Hair rinse No. 4 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl~ alkyl poly(3 EO)glycol ether, di-so~lum salt (40% active substance in water), CTFA name: disodium laurethsulfosuccinate l.0 DehytonD AB 30 7.5 Polymer P1 (20S active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad 100 The rinse is present in the form of an almost clear solution. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was very good.
2.S Hair rinse No. 5 Components % by weight C16_l8 fatty alcohol 3.0 Coconut oil acyl(C 2_18)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30~ agueous solution 8.0 Fatty alcohol (C12_1~) poly(3 EO)glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% agueous 3S solution S.0 Polymer P1 (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad lO0 To prepare this hair rinse, the mixture of surfactants and polymer was introduced into the molten fat phase and emulsified therein. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was excellent.
2.6 Hair shampoo No. 1 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (C12_14) poly(3 EO)glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution 50.0 Coconut oil acyl(Cl2_1B)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30% aqueous solution 10.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 5.0 Water ad 100 The wet combability of hair shampooed with this prepa-ration was excellent.
2.7 Hair shampoo No. 2 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (Cl2_14) poly(3 EO)glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution 45.0 Coconut oil acyl(C12_1~)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30% aqueous solution 15.0 Akypo~ RLM 100 NV3 5.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 5.0 Water ad 100
2.2 Hair rinse No. 2 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (C~ ) poly(3 EO) glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution 5.0 DehytonO AB 30l 1.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad 100 Fatty amine derivative of betaine structure, approx.
30% active substance in water, CTFA name: coco-betaine (HENKEL) The rinse is in the form of a cloudy solution. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was very 2~66226 good.
2.3 Hair rinse No. 3 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl2-l~ alkyl poly(3 EO)glycol ether, di-sodium salt (40% active substance in water, CTFA name: disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 0.9 Texapon~ K14 S spez.2 1.2 Dehyton~ AB 30 1.0 Polymer P1 (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad lO0 2 Sodium lauryl myristyl ether sulfate, about 30% active substance in water (HENKEL) The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was good to very good.
2.4 Hair rinse No. 4 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl~ alkyl poly(3 EO)glycol ether, di-so~lum salt (40% active substance in water), CTFA name: disodium laurethsulfosuccinate l.0 DehytonD AB 30 7.5 Polymer P1 (20S active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad 100 The rinse is present in the form of an almost clear solution. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was very good.
2.S Hair rinse No. 5 Components % by weight C16_l8 fatty alcohol 3.0 Coconut oil acyl(C 2_18)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30~ agueous solution 8.0 Fatty alcohol (C12_1~) poly(3 EO)glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% agueous 3S solution S.0 Polymer P1 (20% active substance in water) 2.5 Water ad lO0 To prepare this hair rinse, the mixture of surfactants and polymer was introduced into the molten fat phase and emulsified therein. The wet combability of hair treated with this rinse was excellent.
2.6 Hair shampoo No. 1 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (C12_14) poly(3 EO)glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution 50.0 Coconut oil acyl(Cl2_1B)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30% aqueous solution 10.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 5.0 Water ad 100 The wet combability of hair shampooed with this prepa-ration was excellent.
2.7 Hair shampoo No. 2 Components % by weight Fatty alcohol (Cl2_14) poly(3 EO)glycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 28% aqueous solution 45.0 Coconut oil acyl(C12_1~)aminopropyl di-methyl glycine, 30% aqueous solution 15.0 Akypo~ RLM 100 NV3 5.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 5.0 Water ad 100
3 Aqueous solution of Cl2_l~ alkyl-O-(CH2-CH2-O)l0-CH2-CO~ONa, 22% active substance (CHEM-Y) This sha~poo not only freed the hair from soil and grease, it al50 had a distinct conditioning effect on wet hair and left dry hair with body and volume.
To quantify the effect obtained by the polymer, a lS
cm long strand of hair (2 g) was wound onto a glass tube having a external diameter of 1.7 cm, fixed and treated with 0.2 g of the shampoo. The hair strand was then rinsed with water and dried. A measure of the stability of the curl obtained after withdrawal of the glass rod is the curl retention value. The curl retention value is defined as t(l-l~)/(l-lo)] * 100% where 1 is the length of the hair 2~66226 strand (15 cm~, lo i8 the length of the hair curl immediate-ly after drying and 1~ is the length of the hair curl after storage for 48 h under constant conditions (30C/40% rela-tive air humidity) in a drying cabinet. The curls treated with the shampoo according to the invention had a curl re-tention value of 94.7% whereas curls treated with a similar shampoo to which polymer P1 had not been added showed a curl retention of only 87.1%.
2.8 Hair shampoo No. 3 Components % by weight Texapon~ K14 S spez. 15.0 Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl _lq alkyl polyglycol (3 EO) ether, disodium sa~t (40% active substance in water), CTFA name:
disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 12.0 Ethoxylated (g EO) palm kernel oil fatty acid 1.0 Alkyl glucoside APG-600 4.0 Dehyton0 CBs 9-7 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 5.0 Water ad 100 q Aqueous solution of RO(Z)~ with Z = glucose, x = 1.4 and R = n-alkyl(Cl2_l4), (50% active substance) (HORIZON)5 s Aqueous solution of a fatty amine derivative of betaine structure, CTFA name: coco-betaine (approx.
31% active substance, approx. 6.5% NaCl) (HENKEL) The shampoo is clear and colorless. This shampoo had an excellent conditioning effect on the hair.
2.9 Hair shampoo No. 4 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl _lq alkyl polyglycol (3 EO) ether, disodium sa~t (40% active substance in water), CTFA name:
disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 12.0 Ethoxylated (9 EO) palm kernel oil fatty acid 1.0 Dehyton0 CB 10.0 2~66226 Eucarol~ TA6 20.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 1.2 Water ad 100 6 Aqueous solution of sodium laureth-7-tartrate, 25%
active substance (ROL) This clear shampoo was distinguished in particular by an excellent conditioning effect coupled with a good clean-ing effect.
2.10 Hair shampoo No. 5 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a C~
alkyl polyglycol (3 EO) ether, disodium sa~t (40% active substance in water), CTFA name:
disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 15.0 Dehyton~ C~ 12.0 Alkyl glucoside APG-600 4.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 1.2 Water ad 100 This clear shampoo left the shampooed hair with very good wet combability.
To quantify the effect obtained by the polymer, a lS
cm long strand of hair (2 g) was wound onto a glass tube having a external diameter of 1.7 cm, fixed and treated with 0.2 g of the shampoo. The hair strand was then rinsed with water and dried. A measure of the stability of the curl obtained after withdrawal of the glass rod is the curl retention value. The curl retention value is defined as t(l-l~)/(l-lo)] * 100% where 1 is the length of the hair 2~66226 strand (15 cm~, lo i8 the length of the hair curl immediate-ly after drying and 1~ is the length of the hair curl after storage for 48 h under constant conditions (30C/40% rela-tive air humidity) in a drying cabinet. The curls treated with the shampoo according to the invention had a curl re-tention value of 94.7% whereas curls treated with a similar shampoo to which polymer P1 had not been added showed a curl retention of only 87.1%.
2.8 Hair shampoo No. 3 Components % by weight Texapon~ K14 S spez. 15.0 Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl _lq alkyl polyglycol (3 EO) ether, disodium sa~t (40% active substance in water), CTFA name:
disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 12.0 Ethoxylated (g EO) palm kernel oil fatty acid 1.0 Alkyl glucoside APG-600 4.0 Dehyton0 CBs 9-7 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 5.0 Water ad 100 q Aqueous solution of RO(Z)~ with Z = glucose, x = 1.4 and R = n-alkyl(Cl2_l4), (50% active substance) (HORIZON)5 s Aqueous solution of a fatty amine derivative of betaine structure, CTFA name: coco-betaine (approx.
31% active substance, approx. 6.5% NaCl) (HENKEL) The shampoo is clear and colorless. This shampoo had an excellent conditioning effect on the hair.
2.9 Hair shampoo No. 4 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a Cl _lq alkyl polyglycol (3 EO) ether, disodium sa~t (40% active substance in water), CTFA name:
disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 12.0 Ethoxylated (9 EO) palm kernel oil fatty acid 1.0 Dehyton0 CB 10.0 2~66226 Eucarol~ TA6 20.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 1.2 Water ad 100 6 Aqueous solution of sodium laureth-7-tartrate, 25%
active substance (ROL) This clear shampoo was distinguished in particular by an excellent conditioning effect coupled with a good clean-ing effect.
2.10 Hair shampoo No. 5 Components % by weight Sulfosuccinic acid semiester based on a C~
alkyl polyglycol (3 EO) ether, disodium sa~t (40% active substance in water), CTFA name:
disodium laurethsulfosuccinate 15.0 Dehyton~ C~ 12.0 Alkyl glucoside APG-600 4.0 Polymer Pl (20% active substance in water) 1.2 Water ad 100 This clear shampoo left the shampooed hair with very good wet combability.
Claims (11)
1. Water-based hair-treatment preparations containing zwitterionic polymers, characterized in that the zwitter-ionic polymers are essentially made up of A) monomers containing quaternary ammonium groups corre-sponding to general formula (I) R1-CH=CR2-CO-Z-(CnH2n)-N(+)R3R4R5 A(-) (I) in which R1 and R2 independently of one another repre-sent hydrogen or a methyl group and R3, R4, and R5 in-dependently of one another represent C1-4 alkyl groups, Z is an NH group or an oxygen atom, n is an integer of 2 to 5, and A(-) is the anion of an organic or inorgan-ic acid and B) monomeric carboxylic acids corresponding to general formula (II) R6-CH=CR7-COOH (II) in which R6 and R7 independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl groups.
2. Preparations as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the zwitterionic polymers consist of monomers of type (A) and monomers of type (B) in a molar ratio of 60:40 to 95:5 and, more particularly, 75:25 to 95:5.
3. Preparations as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the monomers of type (A), R3, R4 and R5 are methyl groups, Z is an NH group, and A(-) is a halide, meth-oxysulfate, or ethoxysulfate ion.
4. Preparations as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, char-acterized in that the monomer of type (A) is acrylamido-propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
5. Preparations as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, char-acterized in that the monomer of type (B) is acrylic acid.
6. Preparations as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, char-acterized in that they contain the zwitterionic polymers in quantities of 0.1 to 10% by weight and more particularly in quantities of 1 to 5% by weight, based on the preparation as a whole.
7. Preparations as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, char-acterized in that they contain at least one surface-active compound selected from the group of anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants.
8. Preparations as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that they contain the surface-active compounds in quanti-ties of 0.1 to 40% by weight, based on the preparation as a whole.
9. Preparations as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they have a pH value of 4 to 10 and, more particularly, 5 to 9.
10. Preparations as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that they are formulated as shampoos or rinses.
11. The use of the preparations claimed in any of claims 1 to 10 for the treatment of hair.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DEP3929973.2 | 1989-09-08 | ||
DE19893929973 DE3929973A1 (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1989-09-08 | HAIR CARE |
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CA2066226A1 true CA2066226A1 (en) | 1991-03-09 |
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ID=6388972
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CA 2066226 Abandoned CA2066226A1 (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1990-08-30 | Hair care preparations |
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JP (1) | JPH05500220A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2066226A1 (en) |
DD (1) | DD297554A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3929973A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991003229A1 (en) |
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Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH645653A5 (en) * | 1980-08-01 | 1984-10-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | QUATERNAERE, COPOLYMERE, HIGH MOLECULAR AMMONIUM SALTS ON ACRYLIC BASE, THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF AS ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN COSMETIC AGENTS. |
EP0047714B1 (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1985-10-30 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Mixtures of polymeric high-molecular acrylic quaternary ammonium salts and detergents, their preparation and use in cosmetic formulations |
JPS5813700A (en) * | 1981-07-17 | 1983-01-26 | 花王株式会社 | Detergent composition |
EP0217274A3 (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1988-06-29 | Kao Corporation | Hair cosmetic composition |
DE3708451A1 (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-10-06 | Henkel Kgaa | ZWITTERIONIC POLYMERS AND THEIR USE IN HAIR TREATMENT AGENTS |
-
1989
- 1989-09-08 DE DE19893929973 patent/DE3929973A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-08-30 JP JP51324290A patent/JPH05500220A/en active Pending
- 1990-08-30 EP EP19900914143 patent/EP0490982A1/en active Pending
- 1990-08-30 CA CA 2066226 patent/CA2066226A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-08-30 WO PCT/EP1990/001444 patent/WO1991003229A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-09-07 DD DD34392990A patent/DD297554A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DD297554A5 (en) | 1992-01-16 |
JPH05500220A (en) | 1993-01-21 |
DE3929973A1 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
WO1991003229A1 (en) | 1991-03-21 |
EP0490982A1 (en) | 1992-06-24 |
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