CA2018631C - Process for a passivating postrinsing of phosphate layers - Google Patents
Process for a passivating postrinsing of phosphate layersInfo
- Publication number
- CA2018631C CA2018631C CA002018631A CA2018631A CA2018631C CA 2018631 C CA2018631 C CA 2018631C CA 002018631 A CA002018631 A CA 002018631A CA 2018631 A CA2018631 A CA 2018631A CA 2018631 C CA2018631 C CA 2018631C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- postrinsing
- passivating
- paint
- metal surfaces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 anions benzoate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical compound OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ULOIIRHLZACJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-G chromium(3+) zirconium(4+) heptafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Zr+4].[Cr+3].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] ULOIIRHLZACJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYYUUINVKYGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zn+2].[Mn+2] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zn+2].[Mn+2] SCYYUUINVKYGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IQBJFLXHQFMQRP-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;zinc;phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IQBJFLXHQFMQRP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical class [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000152 cobalt phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000159 nickel phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K nickel(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ni+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSKILZSXDKESQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K zinc;iron(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O OSKILZSXDKESQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Zr](F)(F)F OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/20—Pretreatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3924984A DE3924984A1 (de) | 1989-07-28 | 1989-07-28 | Verfahren zur passivierenden nachspuelung von phosphatschichten |
| DEP3924984.0 | 1989-07-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2018631A1 CA2018631A1 (en) | 1991-01-28 |
| CA2018631C true CA2018631C (en) | 1999-05-11 |
Family
ID=6386020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002018631A Expired - Fee Related CA2018631C (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1990-06-08 | Process for a passivating postrinsing of phosphate layers |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0410497B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2909517B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE81533T1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9003594A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2018631C (de) |
| DD (1) | DD298436A5 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE3924984A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2035699T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL164742B1 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT94843B (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA905922B (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017186A1 (de) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Erzeugung von konversionsueberzuegen auf zink- oder zinklegierungsoberflaechen |
| DE4017187A1 (de) * | 1990-05-29 | 1991-12-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur nachspuelung von konversionsschichten |
| US5209788A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1993-05-11 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Non-chrome final rinse for phosphated metal |
| DE19511573A1 (de) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Phosphatierung mit metallhaltiger Nachspülung |
| DE19834796A1 (de) | 1998-08-01 | 2000-02-03 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Phosphatierung, Nachspülung und kathodischer Elektrotauchlackierung |
| DE19854091C2 (de) * | 1998-11-24 | 2002-07-18 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Karosserien vor einer Lackierung |
| DE10010355A1 (de) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | Chemetall Gmbh | Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Phosphatüberzuges und Verwendung der derart phosphatierten Metallteile |
| KR20020051991A (ko) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-07-02 | 이구택 | 환경친화성 및 내식성이 우수한 인산염처리강판의 제조방법 |
| JP2004521187A (ja) * | 2001-02-16 | 2004-07-15 | ヘンケル・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチエン | 多金属物品を処理する方法 |
| EP2405031A1 (de) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-11 | Mattthias Koch | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Formkörpern sowie beschichteter Formkörper |
| MY162565A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2017-06-30 | Jfe Steel Corp | Steel sheet for containers and manufacturing method for same |
| US10435806B2 (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2019-10-08 | Prc-Desoto International, Inc. | Methods for electrolytically depositing pretreatment compositions |
| DE102016206417A1 (de) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Fördergestellbehandlung zur unterdrückung anlagenbedingter phosphatüberschleppung in einer prozessfolge zur tauchlackierung |
| DE102016206418A1 (de) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Unterdrückung anlagenbedingter phosphatüberschleppung in einer prozessfolge zur tauchlackierung |
| CN121228218B (zh) * | 2025-12-02 | 2026-02-24 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | 一种矿用硬质合金齿及其钝化方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3695942A (en) * | 1970-12-02 | 1972-10-03 | Amchem Prod | Zirconium rinse for phosphate coated metal surfaces |
| US3966502A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1976-06-29 | Amchem Products, Inc. | Zirconium rinse for phosphate coated metal surfaces |
| US3852123A (en) * | 1972-11-20 | 1974-12-03 | Pennwalt Corp | Sealing rinses for phosphate coatings on metal |
| US3895970A (en) * | 1973-06-11 | 1975-07-22 | Pennwalt Corp | Sealing rinse for phosphate coatings of metal |
| US4496404A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-01-29 | Parker Chemical Company | Composition and process for treatment of ferrous substrates |
| US4650526A (en) * | 1986-03-18 | 1987-03-17 | Man-Gill Chemical Company | Post treatment of phosphated metal surfaces by aluminum zirconium metallo-organic complexes |
-
1989
- 1989-07-28 DE DE3924984A patent/DE3924984A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-06-08 CA CA002018631A patent/CA2018631C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-26 ES ES199090201689T patent/ES2035699T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-26 AT AT90201689T patent/ATE81533T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-26 DE DE9090201689T patent/DE59000357D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-26 EP EP90201689A patent/EP0410497B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-06 JP JP2179367A patent/JP2909517B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-23 DD DD90343003A patent/DD298436A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-25 BR BR909003594A patent/BR9003594A/pt unknown
- 1990-07-27 PT PT94843A patent/PT94843B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-27 ZA ZA905922A patent/ZA905922B/xx unknown
- 1990-07-27 PL PL90286243A patent/PL164742B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3924984A1 (de) | 1991-01-31 |
| DD298436A5 (de) | 1992-02-20 |
| JPH0361385A (ja) | 1991-03-18 |
| EP0410497B1 (de) | 1992-10-14 |
| ZA905922B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| PT94843A (pt) | 1991-04-18 |
| ES2035699T3 (es) | 1993-04-16 |
| EP0410497A1 (de) | 1991-01-30 |
| PL286243A1 (en) | 1991-04-22 |
| DE59000357D1 (de) | 1992-11-19 |
| PL164742B1 (pl) | 1994-10-31 |
| ATE81533T1 (de) | 1992-10-15 |
| PT94843B (pt) | 1997-03-31 |
| CA2018631A1 (en) | 1991-01-28 |
| JP2909517B2 (ja) | 1999-06-23 |
| BR9003594A (pt) | 1991-08-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |