CA1265471A - Electrode with reversible polarity - Google Patents
Electrode with reversible polarityInfo
- Publication number
- CA1265471A CA1265471A CA000466840A CA466840A CA1265471A CA 1265471 A CA1265471 A CA 1265471A CA 000466840 A CA000466840 A CA 000466840A CA 466840 A CA466840 A CA 466840A CA 1265471 A CA1265471 A CA 1265471A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- valve metal
- rods
- electrode
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000009328 Perro Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1437—Flotation machines using electroflotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/465—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
- C02F2001/46142—Catalytic coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833339566 DE3339566A1 (de) | 1983-11-02 | 1983-11-02 | Umpolbare elektrode |
| DE19838331360 DE8331360U1 (de) | 1983-11-02 | 1983-11-02 | Elektrode |
| DE8331360.5 | 1983-11-02 | ||
| DEP3339566.7 | 1983-11-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1265471A true CA1265471A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
Family
ID=25815284
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000466840A Expired - Lifetime CA1265471A (en) | 1983-11-02 | 1984-11-01 | Electrode with reversible polarity |
Country Status (6)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8233783B2 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2012-07-31 | Venta-Luftwäscher GmbH | Apparatus for utilizing water |
| WO2017085438A1 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-26 | Cgon Limited | Apparatus for generating hydrogen |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8509384D0 (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1985-05-15 | Marston Palmer Ltd | Electrode |
| DE4040694A1 (de) * | 1990-12-19 | 1992-06-25 | Gen Water Dev Corp | Vorrichtung zur entkeimung von wasser |
| JP3212334B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-28 | 2001-09-25 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 電解用電極基体、電解用電極及びそれらの製造方法 |
| DE59602408D1 (de) * | 1995-09-25 | 1999-08-12 | Nat Engineering Research Cente | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung von mit mikroorganismen und/oder schadstoffen belastetem wasser |
| AU7709696A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-19 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. | Solid fuel for cold nuclear fusion reactors |
| DE19812801A1 (de) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-09-23 | Yuan Gao | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Reinigung von Elektroden in der Elektrolyse |
| DE19853182A1 (de) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-05-25 | Univ Dresden Tech | Verfahren zur elektrochemisch vermittelten Umsetzung von Ammonium aus salzhaltigen Lösungen |
| US20020139689A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-10-03 | Vadim Zolotarsky | Electrode coating and method of use in a reverse polarity electrolytic cell |
| US6939640B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2005-09-06 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Anode electrocatalysts for coated substrates used in fuel cells |
| AU2006200228B2 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2011-08-11 | Rohm And Haas Company | Rheology modifier for aqueous systems |
| WO2008011873A1 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Venta-Luftwäscher GmbH | Vorrichtung zur nutzung von wasser |
| DE102011120819A1 (de) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Dinotec Gmbh Wassertechnologie Und Schwimmbadtechnik | Verfahren zum Reinigen von Elektrodenoberflächen |
| CN113461110B (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-08-09 | 同济大学 | 一种基于非自由基氧化的反应性电催化膜及其制备方法和应用 |
| EP4309811B1 (de) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-09-25 | Hammann GmbH | Verfahren zur elektromechanischen entfernung von ablagerungen in rohrleitungen oder apparaten |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3822204A (en) * | 1966-10-06 | 1974-07-02 | Fmc Corp | Method and apparatus for separation of sludge |
| DE2300422C3 (de) * | 1973-01-05 | 1981-10-15 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode |
| US4422917A (en) * | 1980-09-10 | 1983-12-27 | Imi Marston Limited | Electrode material, electrode and electrochemical cell |
| GB2113718B (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1985-09-04 | Imi Marston Ltd | Electrolytic cell |
-
1984
- 1984-10-17 EP EP84112538A patent/EP0140287B1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-10-17 DE DE8484112538T patent/DE3476823D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-10-26 AU AU36144/84A patent/AU568172B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-10-26 WO PCT/EP1984/000335 patent/WO1985001965A1/de unknown
- 1984-10-31 ES ES1984291668U patent/ES291668Y/es not_active Expired
- 1984-11-01 CA CA000466840A patent/CA1265471A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8233783B2 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2012-07-31 | Venta-Luftwäscher GmbH | Apparatus for utilizing water |
| WO2017085438A1 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-26 | Cgon Limited | Apparatus for generating hydrogen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3476823D1 (de) | 1989-03-30 |
| ES291668Y (es) | 1987-04-01 |
| AU3614484A (en) | 1985-05-22 |
| ES291668U (es) | 1986-07-16 |
| EP0140287A2 (de) | 1985-05-08 |
| AU568172B2 (en) | 1987-12-17 |
| EP0140287A3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1985-07-03 |
| WO1985001965A1 (en) | 1985-05-09 |
| EP0140287B1 (de) | 1989-02-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |