CA1263516A - Process for production of chlorine dioxide - Google Patents
Process for production of chlorine dioxideInfo
- Publication number
- CA1263516A CA1263516A CA000539728A CA539728A CA1263516A CA 1263516 A CA1263516 A CA 1263516A CA 000539728 A CA000539728 A CA 000539728A CA 539728 A CA539728 A CA 539728A CA 1263516 A CA1263516 A CA 1263516A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- chlorine dioxide
- reaction vessel
- region
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 alkali metal chlorate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical group CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229940124024 weight reducing agent Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229940099041 chlorine dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 22
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 235000017168 chlorine Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229940060038 chlorine Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 235000019647 acidic taste Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- IYGFDEZBVCNBRU-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium sulfuric acid sulfate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[H+].[H+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IYGFDEZBVCNBRU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 102100021102 Hyaluronidase PH-20 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101150055528 SPAM1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000861718 Chloris <Aves> Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035987 intoxication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000566 intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- RQQRAHKHDFPBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Pb]I RQQRAHKHDFPBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/02—Oxides of chlorine
- C01B11/022—Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
- C01B11/023—Preparation from chlorites or chlorates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8701291-0 | 1987-03-27 | ||
| SE8701291A SE460046B (sv) | 1987-03-27 | 1987-03-27 | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1263516A true CA1263516A (en) | 1989-12-05 |
Family
ID=20368017
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000539728A Expired CA1263516A (en) | 1987-03-27 | 1987-06-15 | Process for production of chlorine dioxide |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4770868A (forum.php) |
| EP (1) | EP0284577B1 (forum.php) |
| AR (1) | AR242541A1 (forum.php) |
| AT (1) | ATE92436T1 (forum.php) |
| AU (1) | AU603252B2 (forum.php) |
| BR (1) | BR8801307A (forum.php) |
| CA (1) | CA1263516A (forum.php) |
| ES (1) | ES2041836T3 (forum.php) |
| FI (1) | FI86538C (forum.php) |
| NO (1) | NO170071C (forum.php) |
| NZ (1) | NZ224019A (forum.php) |
| PT (1) | PT85159B (forum.php) |
| RU (1) | RU1776251C (forum.php) |
| SE (1) | SE460046B (forum.php) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1319004C (en) * | 1988-08-10 | 1993-06-15 | Michael S. Zell | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| SE463670B (sv) * | 1988-10-11 | 1991-01-07 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| SE464193B (sv) * | 1988-10-20 | 1991-03-18 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| SE463671B (sv) * | 1988-10-25 | 1991-01-07 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| SE465569B (sv) * | 1989-04-18 | 1991-09-30 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| US5770171A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1998-06-23 | Eka Nobel Inc. | Process for production of chlorine dioxide |
| CA2023452C (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1994-05-24 | Birgitta Sundblad | Process for production of chlorine dioxide |
| SE467252B (sv) * | 1990-03-16 | 1992-06-22 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| US5008096A (en) * | 1990-04-03 | 1991-04-16 | Bio-Cide International, Inc. | Catalyst enhanced generation of chlorine dioxide |
| CA2019389A1 (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1991-12-20 | Maurice C.J. Fredette | Methanol-based chlorine dioxide process |
| SE9002262D0 (sv) * | 1990-06-27 | 1990-06-27 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klorioxid |
| SE511003C2 (sv) * | 1992-03-16 | 1999-07-19 | Eka Chemicals Ab | Förfarande och apparat för framställning av svavelsyra och alkalimetallhydroxid |
| US5435984A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1995-07-25 | Degussa Corporation | Catalyst for the synthesis of chlorine dioxide |
| CA2148462C (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1999-08-31 | Herbert C. Scribner | Metathesis of acidic by-product of chlorine dioxide generating process |
| NZ272769A (en) * | 1994-08-18 | 1996-03-26 | Eka Nobel Inc | Process for producing chlorine dioxide by reducing chlorate in acidic reaction medium |
| US6322768B1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2001-11-27 | International Paper Company | Recovery of chlorine dioxide from gas streams |
| US6752904B2 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2004-06-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for removal of lignin from lignocellulosic material |
| NZ520939A (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2004-07-30 | Superior Plus Inc | Advanced control strategies for chlorine dioxide generating processes |
| US6663902B1 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2003-12-16 | Ecolab Inc. | Method and composition for the generation of chlorine dioxide using Iodo-Compounds, and methods of use |
| US20060120946A1 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Chemical process and apparatus |
| RU2350550C1 (ru) † | 2004-12-06 | 2009-03-27 | Акцо Нобель Н.В. | Способ и устройство для производства диоксида хлора |
| CN100445198C (zh) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-12-24 | 南京工业大学 | 梯级二氧化氯发生器 |
| EP2340227A4 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2013-01-30 | Fpinnovations | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CHLORINE DIOXIDE USING GLYCEROL WASTE FROM BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING FACILITY |
| US8647598B2 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2014-02-11 | Maverick Solutions, Llc | Apparatus and methods for producing chlorine dioxide |
| UY32927A (es) | 2009-10-12 | 2011-03-31 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv | Proceso para la producción de dióxido de cloro |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2736636A (en) * | 1951-06-20 | 1956-02-28 | Brown Co | Chlorine dioxide production |
| US2881052A (en) * | 1953-06-08 | 1959-04-07 | Allied Chem | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| FR1471370A (fr) * | 1965-03-12 | 1967-03-03 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Production de bioxyde de chlore |
| US3933988A (en) * | 1966-10-24 | 1976-01-20 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Method of simultaneously producing chlorine dioxide and a sulfate salt |
| US4156713A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1979-05-29 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| CA1079931A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1980-06-24 | Richard Swindells | High efficiency production of chlorine dioxide by solvay process |
| EP0131378B2 (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1996-10-09 | Sterling Canada, Inc. | Process for the production of chlorine dioxide |
| US4465658A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1984-08-14 | Erco Industries Limited | Chlorine dioxide process |
| US4486399A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1984-12-04 | Multifibre Process Limited | Method to reduce the potential salt cake content of chlorine dioxide generator spent acids |
| US4578261A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1986-03-25 | Multifibre Process Limited | Method to reduce the potential salt cake content of chlorine dioxide generator spent acids |
| US4627969A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1986-12-09 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Production of chlorine dioxide |
-
1987
- 1987-03-27 SE SE8701291A patent/SE460046B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-06-12 US US07/060,903 patent/US4770868A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-15 CA CA000539728A patent/CA1263516A/en not_active Expired
- 1987-06-24 PT PT85159A patent/PT85159B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-03-01 AT AT88850073T patent/ATE92436T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-01 EP EP88850073A patent/EP0284577B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-01 ES ES198888850073T patent/ES2041836T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-23 BR BR8801307A patent/BR8801307A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-25 RU SU884355422A patent/RU1776251C/ru active
- 1988-03-25 NO NO881352A patent/NO170071C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-25 FI FI881440A patent/FI86538C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-25 NZ NZ224019A patent/NZ224019A/xx unknown
- 1988-03-25 AR AR88310398A patent/AR242541A1/es active
- 1988-08-29 AU AU21627/88A patent/AU603252B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0284577A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| ATE92436T1 (de) | 1993-08-15 |
| EP0284577A3 (en) | 1989-01-25 |
| FI881440L (fi) | 1988-09-28 |
| FI86538C (fi) | 1994-08-17 |
| BR8801307A (pt) | 1988-11-01 |
| SE8701291D0 (sv) | 1987-03-27 |
| EP0284577B1 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
| US4770868A (en) | 1988-09-13 |
| RU1776251C (ru) | 1992-11-15 |
| NO881352D0 (no) | 1988-03-25 |
| ES2041836T3 (es) | 1993-12-01 |
| US4770868B1 (forum.php) | 1992-06-02 |
| SE8701291L (sv) | 1988-09-28 |
| AR242541A1 (es) | 1993-04-30 |
| NO881352L (no) | 1988-09-28 |
| PT85159B (pt) | 1992-05-29 |
| PT85159A (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| NO170071C (no) | 1992-09-09 |
| AU603252B2 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
| FI86538B (fi) | 1992-05-29 |
| AU2162788A (en) | 1990-04-05 |
| NO170071B (no) | 1992-06-01 |
| SE460046B (sv) | 1989-09-04 |
| FI881440A0 (fi) | 1988-03-25 |
| NZ224019A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
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