CA1076546A - Process for reactivating silver catalysts used in the manufacture of ethylene by direct oxidation - Google Patents
Process for reactivating silver catalysts used in the manufacture of ethylene by direct oxidationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1076546A CA1076546A CA251,591A CA251591A CA1076546A CA 1076546 A CA1076546 A CA 1076546A CA 251591 A CA251591 A CA 251591A CA 1076546 A CA1076546 A CA 1076546A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cesium
- rubidium
- catalyst
- water
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003298 rubidium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 cesium compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium nitrate Inorganic materials [Rb+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N trospectomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]([C@H]1O2)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@]2(O)C(=O)C[C@@H](CCCC)O1 KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FAWNVSNJFDIJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rb].[Cs] Chemical compound [Rb].[Cs] FAWNVSNJFDIJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 36
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCCSSGKUIKYAJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium(1+) Chemical compound [Rb+] NCCSSGKUIKYAJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001065 Chromium-vanadium steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMAKCCXIFPCMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ZMAKCCXIFPCMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]methanol Chemical compound C1CC2C(CO)C(CO)C1C2 YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940040544 bromides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZOAIGCHJWKDIPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium acetate Chemical compound [Cs+].CC([O-])=O ZOAIGCHJWKDIPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010724 circulating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057952 methanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilver Chemical compound [Ag]=O OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005335 propanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/485—Impregnating or reimpregnating with, or deposition of metal compounds or catalytically active elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752519599 DE2519599C2 (de) | 1975-05-02 | 1975-05-02 | Verfahren zum reaktivieren von gebrauchten silber-traegerkatalysatoren |
| DE2611856A DE2611856C2 (de) | 1976-03-20 | 1976-03-20 | Verfahren zur Reaktivierung von gebrauchten Silberkatalysatoren zur Herstellung von Äthylenoxid nach dem Direktoxidationsverfahren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1076546A true CA1076546A (en) | 1980-04-29 |
Family
ID=25768838
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA251,591A Expired CA1076546A (en) | 1975-05-02 | 1976-04-30 | Process for reactivating silver catalysts used in the manufacture of ethylene by direct oxidation |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4051068A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5235193A (OSRAM) |
| AR (1) | AR209650A1 (OSRAM) |
| BG (1) | BG28244A3 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR7602685A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1076546A (OSRAM) |
| CS (1) | CS196309B2 (OSRAM) |
| DD (1) | DD127022A5 (OSRAM) |
| DK (1) | DK194376A (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES447348A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2309278A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1545840A (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT1059250B (OSRAM) |
| LU (1) | LU74871A1 (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL179553C (OSRAM) |
| NO (1) | NO761498L (OSRAM) |
| PL (1) | PL103021B1 (OSRAM) |
| PT (1) | PT65063B (OSRAM) |
| RO (1) | RO68994A (OSRAM) |
| SE (1) | SE415530B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2636680C3 (de) * | 1976-08-14 | 1979-04-05 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Silber-Trägerkatalysatoren |
| DE2649359C3 (de) * | 1976-10-29 | 1979-07-26 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von gebrauchten Silber-Trägerkatalysatoren |
| DE2740480B2 (de) * | 1977-09-08 | 1979-07-05 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Silber-Trägerkatalysatoren |
| DE3229541A1 (de) * | 1982-08-07 | 1984-02-09 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur verbesserung der wirksamkeit von gebrauchten silber-traegerkatalysatoren |
| JPS6110570A (ja) * | 1984-06-25 | 1986-01-18 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | エチレンオキシドの製造方法 |
| AU586048B2 (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1989-06-29 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. | Silver catalyst for production of ethylene oxide and method for manufacture thereof |
| JPH064400U (ja) * | 1991-09-04 | 1994-01-21 | 株式会社鶴見製作所 | 真空吸引装置の吸揚管路 |
| RU2156246C1 (ru) * | 1999-08-09 | 2000-09-20 | Томский государственный университет | Способ получения окиси этилена из метана |
| BRPI0920425A2 (pt) * | 2008-10-08 | 2015-08-04 | Basf Se | Processo continuo para produzir um óxido de alquileno. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2615899A (en) * | 1949-06-23 | 1952-10-28 | Du Pont | Catalyst and process for ethylene oxide manufacture |
| US2687380A (en) * | 1950-05-01 | 1954-08-24 | Chempatents Inc | Regeneration of a silver catalyst useful in the preparation of ethylene oxide |
| BE779699R (nl) * | 1971-03-01 | 1972-08-23 | Shell Int Research | Werkwijze voor het activeren van |
| US4012425A (en) * | 1972-01-07 | 1977-03-15 | Shell Oil Company | Ethylene oxide process |
| US3899445A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1975-08-12 | Toray Industries | Catalyst for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
-
1976
- 1976-04-26 ES ES447348A patent/ES447348A1/es not_active Expired
- 1976-04-27 US US05/680,778 patent/US4051068A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-04-27 NL NLAANVRAGE7604472,A patent/NL179553C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-28 BG BG033057A patent/BG28244A3/xx unknown
- 1976-04-29 CS CS762838A patent/CS196309B2/cs unknown
- 1976-04-29 SE SE7604950A patent/SE415530B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-30 PT PT65063A patent/PT65063B/pt unknown
- 1976-04-30 NO NO761498A patent/NO761498L/no unknown
- 1976-04-30 RO RO7685957A patent/RO68994A/ro unknown
- 1976-04-30 CA CA251,591A patent/CA1076546A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-30 BR BR2685/76A patent/BR7602685A/pt unknown
- 1976-04-30 DK DK194376A patent/DK194376A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-04-30 DD DD192626A patent/DD127022A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-30 PL PL1976189199A patent/PL103021B1/pl unknown
- 1976-04-30 IT IT22883/76A patent/IT1059250B/it active
- 1976-04-30 AR AR263167A patent/AR209650A1/es active
- 1976-04-30 GB GB17714/76A patent/GB1545840A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-30 LU LU74871A patent/LU74871A1/xx unknown
- 1976-05-01 JP JP51049415A patent/JPS5235193A/ja active Granted
- 1976-05-03 FR FR7613114A patent/FR2309278A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RO68994A (ro) | 1982-05-10 |
| PT65063A (de) | 1976-05-01 |
| BG28244A3 (en) | 1980-03-25 |
| JPS5647817B2 (OSRAM) | 1981-11-12 |
| AU1351876A (en) | 1977-11-03 |
| JPS5235193A (en) | 1977-03-17 |
| PL103021B1 (pl) | 1979-05-31 |
| PT65063B (de) | 1978-01-03 |
| LU74871A1 (OSRAM) | 1977-02-08 |
| FR2309278A1 (fr) | 1976-11-26 |
| NL179553C (nl) | 1986-10-01 |
| FR2309278B1 (OSRAM) | 1979-07-13 |
| DK194376A (da) | 1976-11-03 |
| SE415530B (sv) | 1980-10-13 |
| SE7604950L (sv) | 1976-11-03 |
| NL179553B (nl) | 1986-05-01 |
| US4051068A (en) | 1977-09-27 |
| NL7604472A (nl) | 1976-11-04 |
| ES447348A1 (es) | 1977-07-01 |
| GB1545840A (en) | 1979-05-16 |
| NO761498L (OSRAM) | 1976-11-03 |
| AR209650A1 (es) | 1977-05-13 |
| CS196309B2 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
| BR7602685A (pt) | 1976-11-09 |
| IT1059250B (it) | 1982-05-31 |
| DD127022A5 (OSRAM) | 1977-08-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |