CA1053996A - Chromium oxide densification, hardening and strengthening of formed bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity - Google Patents
Chromium oxide densification, hardening and strengthening of formed bodies and coatings having interconnected porosityInfo
- Publication number
- CA1053996A CA1053996A CA166,735A CA166735A CA1053996A CA 1053996 A CA1053996 A CA 1053996A CA 166735 A CA166735 A CA 166735A CA 1053996 A CA1053996 A CA 1053996A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- oxide
- chromic acid
- parts
- chromium compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 146
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 76
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 borides Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 claims 14
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 9
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims 5
- BHSXLOMVDSFFHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-ethylsulfanylphenyl)methanamine Chemical compound CCSC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 BHSXLOMVDSFFHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052861 titanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=C1F FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AUVPWTYQZMLSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;vanadium Chemical compound [V]#B AUVPWTYQZMLSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021357 chromium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UKGZHELIUYCPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicesium;oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Cs+].[Cs+] UKGZHELIUYCPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229940035427 chromium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 70
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940062993 ferrous oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241001024304 Mino Species 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- BBJSDUUHGVDNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-J oxalate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O BBJSDUUHGVDNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000941450 Lasioglossum laticeps Lasioglossin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CRGGPIWCSGOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O CRGGPIWCSGOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFUXGLYLWODMDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Cr](=O)(=O)(O)O.[Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Zn+2] UFUXGLYLWODMDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002971 CaTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000968267 Drosophila melanogaster Protein dachsous Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000667653 Duta Species 0.000 description 1
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002196 Pyroceram Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTLRTDKIOVEMLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] GTLRTDKIOVEMLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJXPMMQBQDBIBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn++].[Zn++].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Zn++].[Zn++].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O DJXPMMQBQDBIBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hydroxy-[hydroxy(oxo)silyl]oxy-oxosilane;lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Al].O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPUADMRJQVPIAS-QCVDVZFFSA-M cerivastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].COCC1=C(C(C)C)N=C(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 GPUADMRJQVPIAS-QCVDVZFFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011045 chalcedony Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004905 finger nail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobarium;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron Chemical compound [Ba]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052670 petalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHADWTWCQJVOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KHADWTWCQJVOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/290,153 US3956531A (en) | 1967-06-01 | 1972-09-18 | Chromium oxide densification, bonding, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1053996A true CA1053996A (en) | 1979-05-08 |
Family
ID=23114759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA166,735A Expired CA1053996A (en) | 1972-09-18 | 1973-03-22 | Chromium oxide densification, hardening and strengthening of formed bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS5514833B2 (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE804982A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1053996A (en, 2012) |
| CH (1) | CH595457A5 (en, 2012) |
| DE (2) | DE2366346C2 (en, 2012) |
| ES (1) | ES418825A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2200375B1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (3) | GB1466076A (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT995411B (en, 2012) |
| LU (1) | LU68436A1 (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL7312803A (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1053996A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1979-05-08 | Peter K. Church | Chromium oxide densification, hardening and strengthening of formed bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity |
| GB1492503A (en) * | 1975-10-23 | 1977-11-23 | Kaman Sciences Corp | Chromium-plated articles |
| JPS6025396B2 (ja) * | 1978-12-08 | 1985-06-18 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | 改質セラミツクスの製造法 |
| JPS5920449A (ja) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-02-02 | Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd | 鉄系粉末焼結構造体 |
| JPS5978980A (ja) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-08 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 金属基体表面とセラミツク素材との接合構造 |
| JPS5988386A (ja) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-22 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 硫酸カルシウムを骨材とするセラミツクスの製造方法 |
| JPS5987354A (ja) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-19 | Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Dev Corp | 超音波探傷用探触子 |
| JPH076068B2 (ja) * | 1983-03-14 | 1995-01-25 | 株式会社東芝 | ロータリコンプレッサ用ベーン |
| JPS6186648A (ja) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-05-02 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | ビ−ド上走査用垂直探触子 |
| JPS62222084A (ja) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-30 | Toshiba Corp | 鉄鋼部品 |
| KR920003562B1 (ko) * | 1986-03-31 | 1992-05-04 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 내마모성 표면층을 형성한 비철금속의 기계부품 |
| GB2269392A (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-09 | Monitor Coatings & Eng | Coating of components with final impregnation with chromia or phosphate forming compound |
| GB0623048D0 (en) | 2006-11-18 | 2006-12-27 | Bentley Motors Ltd | Improvements in or relating to ceramic tooling |
| AU2020315120A1 (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2022-02-24 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | A method for chromium upgrading of ferritic steel interconnects for solid oxide cell stack applications |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1087035A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1967-10-11 | Shinagawa Fire Brick Co Ltd | A process for the manufacture of refractory brick |
| GB1234043A (en, 2012) * | 1967-06-01 | 1971-06-03 | ||
| JPS5216603B2 (en, 2012) * | 1972-07-13 | 1977-05-10 | ||
| CA1053996A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1979-05-08 | Peter K. Church | Chromium oxide densification, hardening and strengthening of formed bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity |
| JPS5514833A (en) * | 1978-07-17 | 1980-02-01 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Heat-treating method |
-
1973
- 1973-03-22 CA CA166,735A patent/CA1053996A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-08-24 GB GB1760576A patent/GB1466076A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-08-24 GB GB4012573A patent/GB1466074A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-08-24 GB GB1760476A patent/GB1466075A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-09-14 FR FR7333143A patent/FR2200375B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-09-17 CH CH1332073A patent/CH595457A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-09-17 NL NL7312803A patent/NL7312803A/xx active Search and Examination
- 1973-09-17 ES ES418825A patent/ES418825A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-09-17 IT IT2898273A patent/IT995411B/it active
- 1973-09-17 LU LU68436A patent/LU68436A1/xx unknown
- 1973-09-18 DE DE19732366346 patent/DE2366346C2/de not_active Expired
- 1973-09-18 BE BE135760A patent/BE804982A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-09-18 DE DE19732346918 patent/DE2346918C2/de not_active Expired
- 1973-09-18 JP JP10539673A patent/JPS5514833B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-10-19 JP JP13505679A patent/JPS5554575A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1466074A (en) | 1977-03-02 |
| BE804982A (fr) | 1974-03-18 |
| DE2346918A1 (de) | 1974-04-04 |
| GB1466075A (en) | 1977-03-02 |
| JPS5554575A (en) | 1980-04-21 |
| IT995411B (it) | 1975-11-10 |
| NL7312803A (en, 2012) | 1974-03-20 |
| FR2200375B1 (en, 2012) | 1978-03-10 |
| GB1466076A (en) | 1977-03-02 |
| LU68436A1 (en, 2012) | 1975-05-21 |
| ES418825A1 (es) | 1976-03-16 |
| DE2366346C2 (de) | 1985-09-05 |
| FR2200375A1 (en, 2012) | 1974-04-19 |
| JPS4970837A (en, 2012) | 1974-07-09 |
| JPS5514833B2 (en, 2012) | 1980-04-18 |
| CH595457A5 (en, 2012) | 1978-02-15 |
| DE2346918C2 (de) | 1987-05-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3956531A (en) | Chromium oxide densification, bonding, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity | |
| CA1053996A (en) | Chromium oxide densification, hardening and strengthening of formed bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity | |
| US4615913A (en) | Multilayered chromium oxide bonded, hardened and densified coatings and method of making same | |
| CA1186568A (en) | High-temperature and thermal-shock-resistant thermally insulating coatings on the basis of ceramic materials | |
| US3789096A (en) | Method of impregnating porous refractory bodies with inorganic chromium compound | |
| US5330849A (en) | Composite materials and methods for making the same | |
| US3255027A (en) | Refractory product and process | |
| US5665463A (en) | Fibrous composites including monazites and xenotimes | |
| US5011529A (en) | Cured surfaces and a process of curing | |
| EP0467686A2 (en) | Oxidation resistant ceramic matrix composites | |
| CA1163070A (en) | Method of producing mullite ceramic fiber | |
| JPS58135181A (ja) | 多孔性セラミツクシ−ルを製造する方法 | |
| EP0250210A3 (en) | Method of fabricating metal-ceramic composites, and metal-ceramic composites made thereby | |
| CA2006048A1 (en) | Process for the anti-oxidation protection of products in composite materials containing carbon, and products obtained with said process | |
| US3734767A (en) | Ceramic treating process and product produced thereby | |
| EP0396240B1 (en) | Ceramic meterial and method for producing the same | |
| US5328878A (en) | Aluminum nitride refractory materials and methods for making the same | |
| US3985916A (en) | Sealing and densifying chrome plated metal parts | |
| EP0835948A1 (en) | A method of forming spray deposit | |
| US3817781A (en) | Ceramic treating process and product produced thereby | |
| US4921721A (en) | Silicon carbide sintered members | |
| US4882109A (en) | Process of preparing zirconia-coated silicon nitride sintered member | |
| CA2145706C (en) | Composites for wear | |
| JP2001158659A (ja) | アルミ溶湯用ライニング材 | |
| JPH0250994B2 (en, 2012) |