BE490773A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO TRADES AND PROCESSES
WEAVING "

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The present invention relates to looms intended to operate using stationary weft feed sources and, more especially, to shuttle-less looms of the type in which the weft from fixed feed sources is introduced into a machine. shed by means of a weft carrier provided at the ends of flexible members such as ribbons.



   The object of the invention is: to improve looms operating from fixed weft feed sources and to improve a method of operation and the mechanism of these looms of the general type known under the name of shuttle-less looms; - to simplify looms of the type described and to make them more useful for weaving a wide variety of materials and to reduce the cost of manufacturing the fabric by speeding up the operation of the looms, while at the same time reducing, the possibility of imperfections in the product due to incorrect insertion of the weft;

   - to make the whole weaving mechanism of such looms safer and to prevent the possibility of any large percentage loss in yield or obtaining defective fabric as a result of the uncertain operation of the machine. mechanism when the weft is introduced into the insertion mechanism or when the weft passes from one insertion mechanism to another and continuing to lay it in the crowd; - to simplify the whole mechanism and to allow the production of selvedges of a satisfactory type without the addition of any additional mechanism specially designed for this purpose;

   

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 - to improve looms operating from fixed weft feed sources, looms in which when the weft breaks between the weft mechanism and the fabric, it is automatically and immediately resumed during the launch following the break these looms continuing to weave in a normal way; - to simplify and make more efficient weft mechanisms for looms operating from fixed weft feed sources;

   - to imagine a new method of handling the weft, that is to say a new and improved system for introducing the weft into the weft carriers of the weft insertion mechanism, and also a new process for passing the weft from one of the weft carriers to another between the ends of the shed in which the weft is deposited; - to imagine more efficient weft carriers for the weft insertion device with the aim of making them simpler and more positive in the performance of the roles they must assume;

   - to improve the drive device for the flexible organs and the control of the flexible organs themselves so as to accelerate the operation of the mechanism without introducing complications, and to avoid, moreover, an uncertain control, in improvement - guiding the flexible elements themselves; - to improve, moreover, the mechanism of the flap for the loom and to provide for the threshing of the fabric, in an efficient manner, while allowing the flapper to remain fixed for a sufficient period of time during the cycle allowing insert the weft and extract the

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 mechanism for inserting the weft out of the crowd.



   Other subjects of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows.



   Hitherto, looms have been imagined in which the weft comes from stationary sources and which include various types of needle looms and also a number of tape looms. Most of these looms are used either for weaving special types of fabrics, such as narrow fabrics, or for weaving wider or more normal types of fabrics, such as those woven on flying shuttle looms and, in this case they run slowly and give very poor results * In general, the woven fabrics were of inferior quality and for these and other reasons the shuttleless looms, designed to weave fabrics similar to those that the 'one now obtains on the usual flying shuttle looms, are not in current use, except in very few cases.



   By implementing the invention, as represented by the embodiment described here, the tape drive mechanism, comprising tape-carrying wheels, protected and fixedly mounted at each end. of the trade, is driven by a simplified mechanism comprising reciprocating gears and racks. The tapes (one on each side of the loom) are guided so that they cooperate at the desired time with a flapper designed to remain stationary during a substantial part of the operating cycle.

   The leaf, which is relatively light and easily reciprocated without giving rise to excessive inertia forces, simply serves as a guiding device for the shed, the ribbon and the porches.

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 te-weft when the weft is inserted, and to support a comb used to beat the pick. A cam mechanism, rotated positively, forces the clapper to move in a predetermined law with respect to the movement of the other pieces in order to beat the pick in the crowd, but forces the clapper to stand still for about one. half the time required for a complete cycle for inserting a single pick.



   The weft, the power sources of which are supported at each end of the loom, is presented to the weft carrier mechanism provided at the ends of the ribbons by devices called weft mechanisms which are new and which will be described below. after operation in detail. The weft mechanisms serve to present the weft to the tape heads, first in a particular relative position, and then in a different relative position since it is always necessary to hold the so-called loose end or cut end of the weft on the underside of the tape mechanism, so that it is controlled and more safely handled than would otherwise be possible.



   It is understood that the mechanism, while useful for weaving a relatively large number of different types of fabric as long as the particular structure or physical order of the inserted weft launches is taken into account, is primarily designed to introduce pick weft in the form of doubled or U-shaped wefts whose simple throws can be inserted from either side and into neighboring crowds, or may skip one or more crowds that are occupied by picks inserted by the opposite side of the fabric.

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 sometimes the name of "hairpins" to these double picks, U-shaped, and will be referred to as such in this description.



   The invention will be described below in more detail with reference to a single particular embodiment thereof and to certain variants shown in the appended figures of the drawing in which the same parts are designated by the same numbers. of reference.



   In this drawing: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of the right front end of a loom on which the invention is used; - Figure 2 is a perspective view taken obliquely of the left rear end of the loom showing the tape drive mechanism and other parts located at this end of the loom; - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, but taken from the opposite side of the loom and showing the mechanism for driving the ribbons, as well as other parts including a control device for the thread holder roll and the fabric winding mechanism; - Figure 3a is a section taken through 3a-3a of Figure 3; - Figure 4 is a section taken through 4-4 of the fimure 3 and shows the device for adjusting the racks for driving the ribbons;

   - figure 5 is a cross section made through the part of the loom representing the clapper, the shaft of the hunting swords and details of the hunting swords, the shafts of the hunting swords and the cam and cam roller device thanks to to which the beating bones-

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 eyelash moving back and forth; - Figure 5a is a section showing the leaf and the parts it carries; FIG. 6 is a section taken at 6-6 of FIG. 5 showing the details of the cam and roller devices; - Figure 7 is a view of the cams themselves; - Figure 8 is a plan view of the weft mechanism used at the left end of the machine with the cover removed to show the internal parts; FIG. 9 is an elevation of the mechanism shown in FIG. 8;

   - Figure 9a is a section taken through the camshaft showing the power take-off for the weft mechanisms; FIG. 10 is an elevational view showing parts of the inner blocker and thread cutter and a weft thread retainer; - Figure 11 is a view of the lower part of the parts shown in Figure 10; FIG. 12 is a section through a device for guiding the tapes; FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing details of a stopper for the weft thread which serves to immobilize this thread when it is withdrawn from the weft feed source at certain times during the cycle; - Figure 14 is a schematic view of the cams which serve to open and close the blocker of Figure 13; - Figure 15 is a view showing these canes in elevation;

   - Figure 16 is a view showing the profile of the cams which are used to control a lowering member

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 weft thread, as well as an adjusting device for these cams, it being understood that similar adjusting devices can be used for the other cams, although they have not been shown in detail in the other figures ; - Figure 17 is an elevation of the cams of Figure 16; - Figures 18 and 19 are similar views showing a cam which is used to control the blocker, the thread cutter and the retainer combined and also, through certain connecting devices, a guide eyelet weft thread;

   - Figure 20 is a sectional view of a fragment of the tape, of the device protecting or enclosing the tape holder wheel provided for the latter and the anti-friction devices for guiding the tape, several of which are distributed on the tape when it passes around it the tape wheel; FIG. 21 is a sectional view of part of the tape drive device showing an end bearing and its adjustment; FIG. 22 is a plan view showing the two weft carriers arranged so that the smaller one enters the larger one; FIG. 23 is an elevation of the weft carriers shown in plan in FIG. 22; - Figure 24 is a section taken at 24-24 of Figure 22; FIG. 24a is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the grippers which is part of a weft carrier;

   - figure 25 is a section made by 25-25 of

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 fig. 22; FIG. 26 is a perspective view showing the device by means of which a tape is mounted on its tape holder wheel; FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing details of one of the weft reel carriers; Fig. 28 is a perspective view showing the weft and accessory parts of the weft mechanism which disposes it to be picked up at the time of the first launch of a "hairpin"; - Figure 29 is a similar perspective view showing the same parts and the weft, and the position they occupy for the second launch of a hairpin ";

   FIGS. 30 to 42 are schematic views showing the successive steps in the introduction of a complete "hairpin", the various parts which act on the weft thread being represented diagrammatically in the different positions which 'they occupy as a result of the execution of this part of the cycle; - Figures 43 to 55 are similar views showing the steps relating to the introduction of a second complete "hairpin", but these views being taken from the left side of the machine, while the first series of views aims .. the introduction of the weft from the right side of the machine;

   FIG. 56 is a view schematically showing the fabric as made in accordance with the preferred embodiment, the steps of which have been described with reference to FIGS. 30 to 35; - Figure 57 shows another fabric that can be made when only one side of the machine is operated;

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 - Figure 58 is a similar view showing a variant of fabric which comes from a different synchronism of the parts so that, instead of inserting a complete "hairpin" from one side and then another on the other side, we introduce the branches of the "hairpins" opposite in turn;

   - Figure 59 is a view showing another fabric that can be manufactured using the present loom, fabric in which are introduced the branches of different "hairpins" side by side from the same side.



   Referring now to the accompanying figures of the drawing, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in detail and, for the purpose of making the description easier to follow, separate titles and Some functions and the parts relating to these functions are described below.



   General organization of the machine.



   Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and 3, it can be seen that the invention has been applied to a loom most of the parts of which are of more or less conventional construction and, of course, these parts of the loom can be of any desired construction since they have no particular connection with the ribbons, the ribbon controllers, or with the flapper and the weft mechanisms which operate in cooperation therewith. The uprights 70 and 71, of somewhat common construction, have been modified, only insofar as it is necessary for them to support the various structures associated with the invention and these uprights are separated by spacers. conventional transverse, such as the lower front spacer 72.

   As shown in Figure 2, an unwinding beam, designated as a whole

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 by the reference 73, carries a web of warp yarns 74 which are drawn from this beam and pass over a yarn-holder roller 75 which is specially controlled as will be described below. The sling can be rotated. unroller or allow it to turn by any suitable chain advance mechanism (not shown).



   After having passed over the thread-carrying roller, the warp threads are threaded through a usual stop mechanism designated, as a whole, by the reference 76, and then through heddles 77 stretched in threads. .'78, these blades here being only two in number, although any suitable number can be used which can be used in a single shuttle loom.



  The blades are connected by the usual blade hooks and belts winding on sheaves 79 and 80 provided on the upper support and are pulled upwards by springs (not shown) @ housed in a housing 81. The blade positive movement is transmitted to the beam assemblies by the cams, the steps and the usual accessory harness parts. All these parts are of classical construction and therefore do not require a more complete description.



   After having been threaded through the heddles, the warp threads pass through a comb 82 fixed in the base 83 of the leaf and in the ramp 84 (figures 5 and 5a). The fabric formed after insertion of the weft and its threshing in the shed is pulled towards the front of the loom to be wound up by the usual mechanism comprising a friction roller or lined with sand, placed just behind the chest 85 and is wound on a fabric roll. fabric 86 is mounted in place and held in contact with the sand-packed roll by the usual fabric roll support mechanism

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 including the spring shaft 87 and ancillary parts.



  The fabric can be wound up by the mechanism shown in Figure 1, but it is not necessary to describe it here.



   At the right end of the loom (Figure 2), a support 88 is fixed to the lower part of the neighboring post of the loom and extends upward being braced to the post of the loom, at its upper end, by a spacer 89 A motor platform 90 is connected at its front end to the support 88 and is supported at its rear end by a second support 91 which is in turn connected to the post of the loom as shown.



  A motor 92, of the particular type, is fixed to the platform 90 of the motor and (by means of a certain gear device, engaged between them and enclosed in the housing 92 ') drives the various elements of the mechanism. - professionalism.



   A casting or support 93, of generally rectangular shape, extends outwardly from the post of the loom and has a vertical part, designated by the reference numeral 94, which extends downwards and is connected. to (or is supported by) a curved connecting member 95 integral with the lower end of the vertical part 94 and fixed to the inner face of the support 88, the inner end of this foundry part 93 is fixed, in an adjustable manner, to a slide 97 (FIG. 1) bolted to the upright of the loom and arranged angularly, so as to be perpendicular to a plane passing through the tape holder wheel, which will be described later.

   Of course, all spacers and the motor support mechanism and structures supporting the tape wheel and tape have been provided to allow a defined range of adjustments in such a manner.

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 that the parts can be suitably arranged with respect to each other and that they can operate in a suitable position with respect to the other cooperating elements of the trade.



   A spacer 98, disposed horizontally, is fixed by its inner end to the upright of the loom and its outer end is forked, one of the ends 99 of the fork being connected to the upper end adjacent to the vertical part 94. rectangular support 93, while the lower part 100 of the fork is secured at a point closer to the lower end of that particular member and just above the upper end of the fork member. curved link 95. The support 93 is used to carry the tape wheel located on the right side of the machine as well as the tape guide mechanism adjacent to the latter.



   Referring now to Figure 3, it can be seen that the tape wheel and opposing tape guides are supported by means very similar to that described in connection with Figure 2. The left side of the loom is simpler since it does not have to support the engine, clutch, gear unit and other parts which should preferably be on the right side.

   On the left side, the support for the tape wheel and the tape guide device is in the form of a support
101, similar to the support 93 located on the opposite side, and which is held in position by an adjustable sliding device mounted on an inclined guide 102 bolted to the upright 71 of the loom, and by a horizontal spacer
103, similar to the spacer 98 located on the other side, and in addition by a spacer 104 arranged more or less

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 vertically. This spacer 104 is somewhat similar to the spacer 88, but is not as massive or quite as complicated since it has no other purpose than to strengthen the support 101.



   Referring now to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5 to 7, it can be seen that a camshaft 105 is mounted in suitable bearings provided in the uprights of the trade and door, in the vicinity of the inner face of the chain. as upright of the loom, two cams designated by the references 106 and 107. These cams, which are more clearly represented in FIGS. 5 to 7 and which will be described below in more detail, are fixed to the rear - camshafts to turn with it and are used to communicate the necessary movement by beating, combing, etc.

   The camshaft itself is driven by a clutch and a gear train from engine 92. On the rotating shaft of this engine is wedged a pinion (not shown) which meshes with the motor. toothed wheel 108 [Figure 1) which is connected to the camshaft itself by a clutch. The clutch (not shown) is of conventional construction and similar to that usually used in trades; it is controlled by a clutch lever 109.



   The control for stopping and starting the machine is carried out by hand levers designated by references 110 and 111 (one at each end of the machine). These levers are attached to the ends of the machine. 'a shaft 112 which can rotate in bearings located in the vicinity of each of its ends. The right-hand end of the shaft 112 is integral with an arm 113, to the free end of which is connected a connecting rod 114 extending downward, fixed at its lower end to one of the arm of a lever 115 in return

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 doorbell.

   This lever 115 is articulated on the upright of the loom 70 and is connected, by a link 116 fixed to the other arm of the lever 115, to the release lever 109, so that, each time the either of the hand levers 110., or 111 in the proper direction, the clutch can be brought into or out of gear at will.



   A downwardly extending arm 117 affixed adjacent the left end of shaft 112 strikes a contact member through which the chain stop mechanism can be released. quoted when stopping the machine. When the machine is restarted, the chain stop mechanism circuit is automatically established and thus the stop mechanism itself is automatically switched on or off depending on whether machine is stopped and restarted.



   Although not forming part of the present invention, a constant tension chain unwinding mechanism is preferably used; the essential control parts for the latter are shown in fig. 3. The hinge pin for the yarn roll is shown at 118 and an arm 119 is adjustably attached to this hinge pin. At the free end of the arm 119 is connected a hinge pin 120 provided for the upper end of the rod or rod 121 which extends downwards to be fixed at 122 to one of the arms 123 d. 'a lever with two arms, articulated at 124 on the upright of the loom.

   The arm 123 extends to a point situated slightly beyond the articulation axis 122 and carries a cam roller 125 which can rotate freely and come to bear against an integral cam 126.

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 a shaft 127 on which is also rigidly mounted a toothed wheel 128. The toothed wheel 128 meshes with a pinion 129 wedged on the main camshaft 105.



   The movement resulting from the displacement of the arm 123, as it is influenced by the cam 126, is transmitted by the other arm 130 of the lever to an unwinding mechanism of any suitable type, a particular part of the device which 'there is no need to describe here in more detail * The general tendency of the web of warp threads under tension is to keep the roller 125 in contact with the cam, against the tension of a spring 131 compressed between stop rings 132, provided on the rod 121, and a stop 133 which is fixed to the post of the loom or to any other suitable fixed support. When the tension of the warp yarn plies increases, the yarn carrier roll is pulled towards the down by compressing, consequently, the spring 131, so that the cam 126, after each revolution of the camshaft,

  comes into contact with the roller 125 and, by means of the arms 123 and 130, allows a greater or lesser displacement to be transmitted to the unwinding mechanism as a function of the tension of the web of warp threads. When the tension ceases, the reverse occurs and the unwinding mechanism slows down appreciably, or there may be no movement of the latter until a satisfactory tension has been restored. Normally, the spring 131 is maintained under such tension that substantially the same amount of unwinding is transmitted when the roller 125 is in contact with a small portion of the periphery of the cam 126, after each turn of the shaft. with cams.

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   Referring now to Figures 1, 2, 3, 8, 9 and 9a, at either end of the front part of the frame of the loom are mounted weft mechanisms designated, as a whole, by 134, on the right side of the machine, and 135 on the left side. These weft mechanisms are mounted on machined portions provided on the ends of the chest 85 just above the locations where the chest bolts to the upper front portion of the loom uprights.

   These weft mechanisms, which will be described in more detail in the following paragraphs, are housed in suitable housings and are to a large extent complete in themselves or form a whole, as they are can disassemble and reassemble them all in one piece and each of them is driven by its own control device directly from the main camshaft.



   Referring to Figures 8 and 9, it can be seen that a weft mechanism (the one shown in these figures being the one located on the left side of the machine, although it is substantially identical to the one on the right, except that 'they are manufactured to be mounted on the right or on the left), comprises as a lower support member, the casing 136, to which a cover 137 is attached; inside bearings 138 and 139 '(provided at the ends of the housing) can freely rotate a shaft on which are mounted certain cams which will be described later in more detail.

   To the shaft 139, hereinafter referred to as the camshaft of the weft mechanism, is also rigidly fixed a bevel gear 140 with which meshes a bevel gear 141 fixed to the upper front end of a drive shaft 142 tilted down - This drive shaft 142 passes in a suitable manner through

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 the internal space left between the contacts of the loom and is driven, at its lower end, by helical gears, one of which is fixed to this end of the shaft 142 and the other of which can rotate with the main camshaft.

   This gear control, driven from the main camshaft, exists at each end and thus each of the weft mechanisms is simultaneously driven in synchronism with the other moving parts of the machine. These gears are shown in detail in Figure 9a, the helical gear 143 being attached to the end of the shaft 142 and driven from a corresponding gear 144 keyed, or otherwise attached, to the shaft 142. main camshaft 105.



   As shown in FIG. 3, the fabric winding mechanism is also driven from the main camshaft by a toothed wheel 145 engaging with pinion 129 and helical-toothed wheels 146 and 147, the toothed wheel 147 being fixed to one end of a shaft 148 which extends forward to a point near the winding mechanism which is consequently driven by a worm 149 and a toothed wheel 150 helical.

   The helical gear 150 is attached to a short shaft which passes through the post of the loom and from which the running gears, used to advance the winding mechanism, receive their movement. at each end of the machine, the weft feed source, which may be in the form of any well-known spool of thread, spool designated 151, is mounted in a holder designated in its together by the reference 152 provided on a post 153 which is, in turn, attached to an apprc prized neighboring part of the machine. The weft is drawn trapripped next to 'The machine.

   The weft is drawn through

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 to a tube 155 extending from the carrier to the neighboring weft mechanism. There are preferably two weft feed sources 151 in each carrier.



  These weft feed sources are connected by tying together the final strand of the reel from which the weft is extracted to the initial strand which must be withdrawn from the associated reel so that when the first feed source is empty the loom continues to weave since it can immediately extract the yarn from the second power source.

   Since each of the weft feed sources is extremely large compared to the can of ordinary shuttles used on flying shuttle looms, a relatively large time elapses between the initial introduction of the weft to the weft. from a new source and the depletion of the weft coming from that source, and given, that there are, at least, two of these sources at each end of the machine, the replacement of a weft reel n This is only required at extremely long time intervals compared to the frequent reel replacement which is required in conventional trades stores.

   The amount of labor required is, of course, greatly reduced by the use of an external source of weft, and the skill required, the care required, and the resulting physical effort are only a matter of '' a small portion of those required for maintenance in cans of stores or shuttles in other types of trades.



   The leaf mentioned briefly above is designed to oscillate alternately under the action of the cams mentioned above and which will be described in more detail in another paragraph. This leaf is fixed to the

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 vicinity of the upper ends of the hunting swords 156 which oscillate around an oscillating shaft 157 (Figures 1 and 5). Preferably, two hunting swords are used and cams are provided at each end of the camshaft 105. The movement of the leaf and the comb will be described more fully in a later paragraph and details relating to the adjustments will be explained at this time. and other important features.



   Tape mechanisms and tape wheel controls.



   Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and 3, and more particularly to Figure 3, we describe the tape wheel and the guide mechanism as well as their control devices. The mechanism in question here exists at each end of the machine and a description of that located at one of the ends (the left end as shown in figure 3) should be sufficient to understand the mechanism which is also found on the opposite side. In some cases, the parts are shown more clearly in Figure 2 (the right end) than in Figure 3 and for this reason we will refer to certain elements and we find on this side the reference numbers applicable to these elements.



   The supports 94 and 101 have, in the vicinity of their outer ends and the vertical part 94 of this end (FIG. 2), a bearing through which passes an axis 158, this axis being shouldered and held in position in the support. by a nut 159. The projecting part of the axis constitutes a bearing surface for a tape-carrying wheel 160 which is provided to rotate freely on the axis, or if desired, on a bearing mounted on it. This tape holder wheel is preferably made of aluminum or a light alloy. Since the resistance

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 necessary is not large and since, on the other hand, this tape wheel is called to come and go quickly, the reduction in its mass is therefore very desirable.



  A bevel gear 161 is attached to the hub of the tape wheel and meshes with a similar second bevel gear 162 mounted on a horizontal shaft 163 rotating in bearings 164 at its inner end and 165 between its ends, the outer end of this shaft projecting into an opening or bearing provided in the outer part 94 of the support 101 or 93, as the case may be.



   Referring now to Figure 21, it will be seen that there is shown the shaft 163 and the detailed construction of the bearings at the inner end of the shaft.



  The support 101 is slidably mounted on the inclined guide 102 which is rigidly bolted to the upright 71 of the loom * The support is recessed to allow reception of a pad 166 which is stepped and retained, inside of the chambered opening provided in the support, by means of screws or in any other satisfactory manner -A needle bearing 167 is preferably used, or another antifriction bearing, for the end of the shaft and the thrust or axial positioning of the shaft, so that the bevel gears 161 and 162 properly engage, is effected by an adjustable screw 168 against which bears the connecting rod 169 retained within a conical seat , provided at the end of the shaft in line with screw 168.



  The position of the parts is determined by passing a screwdriver through an opening in the upright of the loom and, once the parts have been properly adjusted, they are locked in position by a nut 170.



   Needle roller bearings can also be used

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 for the central support 165 and for the outer bearing, it being understood that alternatively other anti-friction bearings, or in some cases, suitably lubricated plain bearings can be used.



  The outer end of shaft 163 stops just flush with axle 158 which supports the tape wheel, and the bearing, of course, is inside the holder so that the end of the shaft and the bearing do not interfere with said axis.



   Between the bearings 164 and 165, a pinion 171 (FIG. 4) is keyed on the shaft 163, this pinion being in engagement with the teeth of a rack 172, this rack being of circular cross section and intended to slide in the inside the sleeve portion 173 of an oscillating guide member having hubs 174 which are arranged concentrically with respect to the shaft 163. The rack 172 protrudes through the sleeve 173, extends downward, and attaches to an eccentric collar 175 which is mounted on an eccentric plate 176 attached to the main camshaft 105.

   A connecting rod 177 is screwed into the rack and also into the eccentric collar and, having at the opposite ends a right-hand and a left-hand pitch, it can be turned by inserting a key on its part. central; once properly adjusted, it is locked in position by locknuts, one at one end and the other at the other end. The adjustment of this rod serves to lengthen or shorten the distance between the center of the rack and the center of the collar 175. It also turns the tape wheel 160 and changes the position of the weft holder at the end of its tape .



   The rack can slide axially inside

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 comprising a bearing surface 178 with an eccentric bore which fits inside the sleeve 173 and which is notched in the vicinity of the pinion 171 so that the teeth of this pinion can be suitably driven by the teeth of the rack. A slight adjustment of the eccentric seat 178 serves to adjust said toothing for proper operation at the origin and to compensate for subsequent wear. Once the position of the bearing 178 has been determined, it is locked by means of a stop screw 179 screwed into the sleeve 173 and coming into contact with a particular face of the stepped end of the bearing. to keep it, therefore, in position.



   During operation, the rotation of the camshaft communicates a reciprocating motion to the rack, since the eccentric 176 transmits to the rack the movement necessary to move it through the seat 178 and, consequently, the shaft 163 is also driven by a reciprocating movement of the desired angular value. The meshing of the bevel gears 161 and 162 transmits this movement to the tape wheel and thus the tape itself is introduced and extracted from the shed.



   The tape 180, at the left end of the machine, is attached to the rim 181 of its tape wheel, as shown in Figure 26. The rim of the wheel is knocked down or flattened at one point. particularly so that the tape itself can rest against this flattened point provided on the rim and that its locking device does not protrude beyond the normal periphery of the wheel itself. The flattened part of the wheel rim is also provided with a widened boss extending inwardly at this point, as at 182, and this boss is drilled and recessed for the reception of 'a pin 183

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 provided with a ring 184.

   The tape 180 tapers near its end and has an opening there, so that it can be attached to the protruding part of the pin 183 which places it in position on the circumference of wheel . A spring 185 extends around the flattened portion of the wheel and is provided with a curved end 186 which forces the tape to conform to the curvature of the wheel after it has left the flattened portion thereof.



  In order to maintain and lock the elements in position, an angular locking flange 187 provided with an opening intended to fit on the outer or short end
188 of pin 183 is held in place by cap screws or other equivalent locking means.



   The tape is maintained in contact with the rim of wheel 160 as shown in FIG. 3, and more especially in the detail view of FIG. 20, by several rollers or similar members, here in the form 189 anti-friction bearings. These particular bearings are ball bearings of known type which are constantly lubricated and hermetic, but it is understood that they can be replaced by others.



  Each of the guide bearings 189 is retained within a reinforced portion 190 forming an integral part of a cover or protective member 191, which is held in position to guide and protect the tape and the carrier wheel mechanism. -tape. It is also intended to protect those approaching the loom from contact with rapidly moving back and forth elements or to protect them from possible injuries in the event that a tape breaks. .

   The cover 191 can be mounted in position in any satisfactory manner, but is preferably attached to the forward end of the axle 158 (Figure 2) and is

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 of course that this axis is shouldered or is provided with suitable spacing elements so that, when the cover is in place, the tape holder wheel and its bevel gear 161 are left with an appropriate clearance in view of to allow proper operation between neighboring rooms.



   Each of the rollers or bearings 189 is mounted on an eccentric axis 192, which constitutes one of the ends of a threaded bolt 193 comprising a shoulder 194, which forms an integral part thereof, and locked in position in an adjustable manner by a nut. 195. There is a slight offset, as shown between the pin 192 and the bolt 193, and the inner cone or cup of the bearing is held in place on the pin by an easily removable snap ring 196 or other device. restraint. The adjustment of the parts is such that the tape has a play of a few hundredths of a millimeter with the rim of the tape holder wheel when the outer surface of the tape bears against the bearing.



  The proper adjustment is ensured by inserting a screwdriver into the slot provided at the end of the threaded bolt 193 after loosening the locking nut 195 and then locking the nut again in order to ensure the permanence of this particular adjustment.



   A suitable number of bearings 189 are distributed around the housing 191 and their number can be increased or decreased within certain limits, although it is preferable that the tape is guided at points close enough to eliminate the ripples or fluctuations as a result. in its path and to force it to keep as close as possible a truly circular path during its -flexion.

   Depending on the width of the material to be woven and the size of the wheel 160, the tape may be wound in variable arcs, but,

  <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 preferably the wheel is kept as small as is practically possible taking into account that the oscillation of the wheel should be kept less than one full revolution and also that the tape should preferably not flex in a smaller arc than practically achievable. The overall width of the machine is kept as small as possible taking into account its various limiting factors.



   After leaving the upper part of the tape wheel, the tape is guided tangentially from the surface of the wheel by a horizontally disposed guide member 197 mounted on a support plate 198, secured by suitable bolts to the upper part of upright bearing surfaces 199 and 200 of the support 101. As shown in FIG. 3, and also in the detailed view of FIG. 12, the horizontal guide is in fact constituted by an elongated slide wherein a groove extending along the upper central portion of the guide is provided with a fiber bearing surface 201 on which the tape 180 slides and on each edge of which are attached retaining bands 202 and 203.

   These bands and the lower bearing member 201 may be of any phenolic resin or similar material, a large number of which are available and which provide ideal bearing surfaces in addition to the advantage of requiring only a minimum quantity of lubrication.



   The whole plate and guide mechanism are adjustable both vertically and angularly as well as in the transverse direction of the tape by means of adjusting screws-197 ', arranged vertically, which

  <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 pass through the plate to support a wedge, steel or other hardened wedge, disposed on the upper surface of the underlying portion of plate 198. Bolts 198 'pull the guide down to hold it securely in place. position.



  To adjust the guide laterally, the screws 204 and 205 / are loosened, after which the whole structure including the plate 198 and the guide 197 can be moved, since the bolts pass through holes or buttonholes. The entire tape mechanism can be moved to the front, and to the rear of the machine, by sliding the support 101 along its guide 102.

   The spacers 103 and 104, as mentioned above, are fixed to the post of the loom and a certain amount of adjustment is available by means of buttonholes so that, for any particular adjustment of the tape mechanisms, one has can tighten, or bolt these spacers in the suitable position, so as to strengthen the structural members without causing any deformation of the support 101. Thus, the entire tape wheel and its control and support device can be adjusted as a whole by varying the position of the support 101 along the inclined slide 102, and the tape guide can be angularly varied, raised or lowered, or adjusted forward or backward,

     to align the tape with its wheel and with the flapper and the opposite tape.



   In the vicinity of the ends of the guide member 197, the tape is reduced so that it must follow a particular path without imposing any appreciable additional friction on it. For this purpose, a contact roller 206 is provided on each edge of the strip.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 both against the upper part of the tape and articulated on a horizontal axis, and a similar roller 207, designed to bear against the edge of the tape, Since these rollers and their mounting device exist on each side of the tape, we have shown in Figure 12 than those on one side. The roller 206, articulated horizontally, can rotate on a bearing axis fixed in a boss 208 which projects integrally from the inner end of the guide 197 of the tape.

   Although one can provide an adjustment for this roller, one can dispense with it.



   Rather, it is preferred to make the other roller 207, which bears against the edge of the tape, adjustable, since, by this means, it is possible to force the tapes and their associated supports to align with more precision in order to facilitate , as a result, the entry of one into the other during the transfer to the center of the leaf when the tapes have been extended inwards to their maximum stroke. The roller 207 is mounted at the upper end of a pin 209 and this pin is held inside an opening provided eccentrically in a sleeve 210, having its lower part constituted by a member 211 in the form of a Enlarged bowl, in which there is a locking nut 212 screwed onto the lower end of the shaft 209.

   By loosening the nut 212 and rotating the sleeve 210 using a suitable tool which is engaged on the cup-shaped part 211, the roller 207 can be brought closer or further away from the middle of the guide 197 to moving, therefore, the tape 180 on either side of a normal axial path along the leaf. It is understood that the guides 202 and 203 hold the tape down-and-that there is a certain game so much

  <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 vertically as along the edges of the tape, the main guide of this tape coming from these rollers. When a proper adjustment has been made, the eccentric member is held while the locking nut is tightened.
212.



   Preferably, the rollers 206 and 207 are formed by small anti-friction bearings such as needle bearings. However, it is understood that they can be constituted by smooth rollers mounted on lubricated bearings. n the purpose of maintaining proper lubrication and preventing wear, on the one hand, and in view of the fact that the tape must operate as dry as possible, in order to prevent To wet the threads which constitute the fabric, it is preferred to use self-contained and permanently lubricated bearings of the type described.



   As shown in Figures 22 and 23, on the left side of the machine, the tape 180 has a support 213 at its end; this particular ribbon is provided with a larger weft holder, although it is quite possible to reverse the organization-, On the opposite side of the machine, as shown in figure 2, a A similar tape-carrying wheel is driven in substantially the same way and on this side the tape is guided in corresponding guide elements and is provided with a smaller weft holder designated by
214. For convenience this tape on the right is designated 215, but is precisely the same as the tape on the left, the only difference being in the weft holders themselves and in the way of fixing the weft holders at the ends. ribbons.



   The weft holder 212 is fixed by a screw 216 or other means, to a block; said screw is also used to rete-

  <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 nish other parts of the weft carrier which will be described later. The weft holder and its block are then welded or brazed directly to the end of the tape - A smooth joint is formed so that there is no irregular surface $ to interfere with the warp threads when the weft holder them. crosses. The weft carrier is narrower than the tape itself, since it must pass between the tape guides as it moves outward.



   The opposing weft holder, to the smaller one, is fixed in a similar manner, except that a pair of fixing screws designated by 217 vertically pass through the weft holder and enter a support block; these two parts are soldered to the end of the tape. These weft carriers will be described in more detail in a part of the description below in which the heads and their role will be examined more fully.



   It is understood that the tape-carrying wheels are controlled in synchronism so that each of the tapes and its head are projected into the shed and are extracted therefrom substantially at the same time. The heads meet towards the center to accomplish the transfer, it being understood that a slight floating can be allowed, but in order to take advantage of the maximum time available for the insertion of the weft while the leaf is fixed. , the ideal would be to make the transfer very close to the middle.

   The harness mechanism is adapted to open the shed in a common way, but in less amount than is needed in the flying shuttle looms which makes it possible to open and form the shed quickly

  <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 without subjecting the warp threads to excessive tension.



   As has been shown in FIG. 3, each of the eccentric plates, such as the plate 176, is capable of a certain angular adjustment around the camshaft 105. This adjustment is provided by certain means. slots formed in a sector 218 which extends outwardly from a hub 219 which is screwed on, or otherwise rigidly fixed, to allow it to rotate with the camshaft. One or more screws 220 are screwed into the eccentric plate and pass through the slots provided in the sector 218. After the proper adjustment has been made by adjusting the screws 221 (one on each side of the sector), which extended inwards to come into contact with the neighboring screw 220, the screws 220 are blocked by tightening, therefore, the parts in the correct position.



   At the left end of the camshaft, there is provided a handwheel 222 which serves to rotate the parts slowly and manually as is often necessary for making adjustments or for operating the loom during a cycle. , or more,. in order to observe the actual operation of the working parts.



   Clapper and clapper mechanism.



   Referring now to Figures 5, 5a, 6 and 7, the movement of the leaf will be described in detail.



  As previously mentioned, the clapper and comb parts are mounted on the hunting swords 156 and oscillate around the oscillating shaft 157. The construction of the hunting swords is such that, in cooperation with their supporting devices , which form part of the oscillating levers 223, the leaf itself can be adjusted vertically, each end of the latter being capable of independent displacement.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 



   The swords are machined to have flat surfaces disposed approximately vertically, and each of which constitutes the face of an ear 224 which is slidably mounted over a corresponding ear 225 provided on its respective lever 223. A key and a keyway designated 226 keep the parts in proper vertical alignment and two adjustment pins with nuts 227 and 228 pass through the buttonholes provided in the lug 224 and are held in place. 'inside the corresponding lug 225 to immobilize the parts in all desired adjustment positions.



   The vertical positioning of the swords and the pieces they carry is carried out using lever screws 229 screwed into the upper part of the ears 225 and whose heads bear against a shoulder or rim 230 from the foundry with the swords they A locking nut 231 holds the parts in the proper elevated position in addition to the clamp pins and their nuts 227 and 228.



   The levers 223 which are two in number, one for each hunting sword and, consequently, one near each end of the machine, are forked. One of the fork arms 232 is offset slightly towards the outside of the loom, so as to align with the cam 106 which is at the outer end of the camshaft relative to the cam 107. This forked and offset end 232 carries a servo-controlled member in the form of a roller 233 in contact with the cam 106.



   The other end of the fork, designated by the reference 234, has a hinge pin 235 on which a lever with two arms 236 can freely oscillate.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 the outer end of which is articulated a roller 237 similar to the roller 233. This lever 236 is in alignment with the main part of the arm 223 and, therefore, the roller 237 is in alignment and in contact with the cam 107 , just as has been shown in the sectional view of Figure 6 taken by 6-6 of Figure 5.

   The arm 236 is articulated at 235 but is constantly pushed back by a spring 238, or other elastic device, so that the roller 237 is applied against its cam; in other words, the two rollers 233 and 237 are always applied together, with a certain elasticity, so that they always bear against their cams, one of which is a positive cam serving to move the leaf and the comb up to the threshing position, while the other is simply a return cam operated through spring 238.



   The spring 238 is compressed between the end of the lever 236 and an ear provided on the rib 239 of the arm 223, the axial positioning of the parts being ensured by a bolt 240, with a T-shaped head, passing through the end of the arm 236 and a boss provided on the rib 239, this bolt being immobilized in position by nuts 241. The rollers 233 and 237 are preferably made of a fibrous material, such as one of the phenolic resins. known, or other similar compounds, designed to be molded under very high pressure and each of these rollers is mounted on its hinge pin or spindle, by means of needle bearings, or other device anti-friction.

   The adjustment of the bolt 240 and of the spring 236 is such that it never requires appreciable play between the rollers and their cams and the construction makes it possible, moreover, to put the parts in place more easily initially or to adjust them.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 after a certain time during which they will have undergone some wear.



   A sleeve 240 ', surrounding the bolt and gripped by the spring, serves to limit the movement of the lever 236 relative to the arm 223 in the event of non-operation of the spring. In this case, the rollers 233 and 237 can move away from their cams by approximately 1.5 mm to 3 mm, depending on the clearance provided at the end of the sleeve 240 ', but this cannot cause any particular disadvantage if this no noisy operation until the loom is stopped and the spring replaced. Otherwise, the synchronization of the leaf with respect to the movement of the ribbon could be so inadvertently affected that serious damage could result.



   Referring more particularly to Figure 7, it can be seen that the cams 106 and 107 are preferably cast in one piece, but can be manufactured in any other way and need not be. are made in one piece, since each can be separately and rigidly attached to a single hub or to the shaft itself. The preferred construction, however, is that shown here. A hub 242 is provided with bosses through which set screws are threaded for the purpose of securing the cams to the camshaft after their release. position has been determined.

   Since the other parts working from the camshaft are all individually adjustable, it is not necessary to change the position of these once their correct position has been determined. The cams are divided into two parts, one of which is an active part allowing the movement of the leaf, while the other part opposite to it

  <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 is arranged concentrically around the shaft and allows the shutter to remain immobile while the frame is being inserted. It has been found that a downtime of 180 is entirely satisfactory, although, of course, one can deviate from these figures; for some purposes or for some cases the downtime may vary slightly above or below these numbers.



   Since the planes passing through the axis of the rollers 233 and 237 and through the hinge axis 157 form a certain angle, a corresponding offset must be provided between the tips of the cams themselves. As shown here, this offset amounts to 15.5, although for other respective positions of the rollers corresponding changes must necessarily be made.



  The tip of active threshing cam 106 is actually 119.5 ahead of the next active portion of the return cam. This figure corresponds to a downtime of 200, and, of course, is subject to change as circumstances require.



   Referring now to Figure 5a, some details of the leaf will be described. The flap 83 is grooved, as has been shown, to receive the lower bar of the comb and is also grooved to receive a rod 243 made of glass or other hard surface on which passes the lower strand of the warp threads, this rod of glass 243 for raising these warp threads so that they do not normally come into contact with a strip of wood 244 or the like attached to the upper front end of the breastplate itself. The purpose of this strip 244 is, above all, to guide the web of warp threads through a felt pad 245 provided at the rearmost part of the strip and serving to support the ribbon and the weft carriers.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 



   One of the tapes 180 and its weft carrier 213 are shown in the relative angular position they occupy with respect to the upper surface of the web 244. It is preferable that the tape itself is tilted more than the web towards. up and towards the front, so that only the trailing edge bears against the warp threads and the felt pad 245. Thus the leading edge of the ribbon and of the weft carrier itself is relatively clear of the threads of the weft. warp and, of course, is well above the web 244 thereby avoiding any possibility of hindering or delaying the free or cut end of the weft which passes below this edge of the tape.



   The clapper is relatively light compared to the corresponding parts of a conventional loom, and therefore its back-and-forth movement, although the acceleration forces are quite large, is not accompanied by large pressure forces. inertia and, consequently, all the parts undergo only little effort. This results in lightening of the swords and other oscillating elements. Of course, the chest strap and the pieces it wears only need to be long enough to receive the comb corresponding to the widest fabric that one intends to weave on any particular loom and to guide the ribbons as they enter the crowd.



   Mechanism of the frame.



   Referring now to Figures 8, 9, la, 11 and 13, the mechanism of the weft will be described in more detail. It is understood that a weft mechanism exists on each side of the loom, one being organized in reverse of the other, insofar as it must feed.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 ter the ribbon which moves inward, from its particular side, when considering the organization of the pieces necessary for the corresponding ribbon throwing the weft into the shed from the opposite side. Each frame mechanism is rotated by a previously described mechanism and there is a 4: 1 reduction ratio in the drive from the main camshaft to the camshafts of these frame mechanisms which make one turn every four launches.

   In fact one can consider that a complete cycle of weft mechanism includes the insertion of a 3 hairpin "from the right and a similar movement of the parts which serve to insert a" hairpin. "complete from the left, or vice versa. This cycle consists of four throws inserted into four distinct crowds, after which the cycle is ready to repeat. Some other combinations can be used, but in In principle, the cycle includes the operations as briefly described. The synchronism can be simply changed so that instead of following each other immediately, the throws from a particular side can be spaced as one. will explain it below.



   The camshaft, designated by 139, and which can rotate in bearings located at the ends of the housing 136, carries several cams which are fixed to it in an adjustable manner. The two intermediate cams arranged along the shaft, are shown in detail in Figures 16 and 17 and operate at the same time, they are adjustable as a whole and can, moreover, be separately from each other. the other. The other cams are somewhat similar in that they each consist of two cam plates, attached

  <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 together and angularly adjustable with respect to each other, so as to vary their active surface, although the actual profiles of the separate cams are quite different.



   The cams, as can be seen from the examination of Figures 14 to 19, are only active on half a turn of their particular camshaft and are concentric for at least 180 of their periphery, being of course, that each mechanism of weft is offset 180 from the other, at least to give the fabric which will be described herein as a preferred example.



   The first cam, located at the outer end of the camshaft 139 and which comprises the two plates shown in more detail in Figures 14 and 15, is indicated as a whole by the reference 246. This cam serves to controlling the opening and closing of a weft thread blocker, designated as a whole by the reference 247, and shown in more detail in Figure 13. The cam 247, shown in more detail in Figures 14 and 15, consists of two plates 248 and 249 which are pressed against one another, their hub extending in opposite directions.



  The plate 248 comprises a hub 252 by means of which it is possible to fix it in the correct position along the shaft 139 or to wedge it on this shaft. The angular timing on the shaft, which serves to vary the position of the entire cam assembly, will be described in connection with the cams shown in Figures 16 and 17, and this description will suffice for all cams, being given that their setting is similar. The opposing plate 239 is provided with a similar hub.



   By closing the interval between the ramps :? cam

  <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 253 and 254, the time during which the blocker 247 is closed can be varied to prevent extraction of the wire from the feeder. By angularly wedging the appropriate plate, the time to open or close the blocker can be advanced or delayed. The cam 246 cooperates with a roller 255 (FIG. 8) mounted so as to be able to rotate in the forked end of a cleat 256 which passes through a bearing, or guide, provided in the rear part 257 of the housing 136.

   This cleat is prevented from rotating by means of a key 258 which engages in a keyway, or corresponding slot, cut in the guide so that the roller 255 is always kept in the correct position in the same plane or in a plane parallel to the plane of the cam itself.



   The blocker 247, hereinafter referred to as the "external blocker", is mounted at the end of an arm or support 259, fixed by suitable bolts or screws on the side of the housing 136, and at a point close to the rear part of the latter. This arm 259 comprises a guide tab 260 extending angularly from the latter in order to support an extension 261 of the cleat, this extension bears a certain number of rings which will now be described in more detail, but extension which at its outer end rigidly supports a coyrt guide arm 262, comprising, at its free end, a boss 263 which is provided to receive the end of a rod or pin 264 on which is mounted an eyelet 265 .



   The arm 259 has a second lug projecting in the opposite direction from the extension 260 and this lug carries a hinge pin 266 on which is pivotally mounted a lever with two arms of which an arm 267 is in contact with. -a ring 268 fixed so

  <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

 adjustable on extension 261 and with a washer
269 pushed against the ring 268 by a spring 270 compressed in an adjustable manner under the action of a second ring 271. The other arm 272 of this lever articulated at 266 is forked and is in contact with the movable element of the outer clamp 247. How and for what purpose will be described in more detail below.



   The extension 261 and, of course, the cleat
256 and the roller 255 are urged towards the cam 246 by a spring 273 compressed under a considerable pressure between the tab 260 and a ring 274. It is understood that the spring 273 generates sufficient force to return the cleat and the roller. after they have been radially removed from the camshaft
139, although the general tendency of the blocker itself is to hold the workpieces in opposite positions.In other words, the cam 246 serves to allow the spring of the blocker 247 to open the latter and the springs 273 and 270 should be strong enough to close the blocker when the hollow of the cam allows it, that is to say the part between rows 253 and 254 (figure 14).



   Spring 273 is stronger than spring 270 and the latter compresses slightly when the blocker reaches its wire clamping position.



   Referring now to Figure 13, the details of the outer blocker will be described. The end of the arm 259 has been cast to form a circular stepped sleeve 275 as well as a hub 276 within which is housed a reduced end 277 of a conical blocker member or plug 278. held concentrically to the sleeve 275 and is immobilized in position by a nut 278 'or

  <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 in any other satisfactory manner. A holder designated 279 has a porcelain or other eyelet 280 through which the wire is guided as it is pulled from the power source. Eyelet 280 is angled so that the wire is pulled parallel to the surface of taper plug 278.

   A concentric ring 281 cooperates with this plug 278 and has a flange 282 at its outer end. The ring fits in the bore of the sleeve 275, is drilled in its center and has a conical surface concentric with the plug 278 and having substantially the same angle. A spring 283 located between a shoulder provided on the blocker body and flange 282, outside of sleeve 275, normally tends to keep the ring away from the plug so that the wire can pass freely from the cone or other source of pressure. feed as it is pulled out when inserted into the crowd.

   When the cam comes to the proper position to allow the spring 273 to push the latch against it, the forked end 272 of the two-arm lever articulated at 266, closes the blocker against the tension of the spring 283. The actual force applied during closing is, approximately, the difference in tension existing between the springs 270 and 283. The tension of the spring 270 exceeds that of the spring 283 and this difference is considerably less than the force applied by the compressed spring 273.

   The parts remain closed until the cams rotate to a point where the tab is pushed out again, at which time the ring 268 positively pushes the fork end 272 of the lever back to a position. where the spring 283 moves the clamping pieces in contact

  <Desc / Clms Page number 42>

 with the wire.



   Continuing now with the description of the weft mechanism, it can be seen that the two cams disposed towards the middle of the shaft 139 function to communicate a displacement to a drop hook, designated by the reference 284. This The purpose of the hook is to drag the weft thread into place before it is gripped by the tape head before inserting a pick into the shed. This hook pulls the thread down for the first launch, between eyelet 265 and the other blocker (hereinafter referred to as the inner blocker) and thread cutter, and, for the second launch, between the eyelet and a retainer which will be described in greater detail below. The hook has the shape shown in Figure 9 and should have a compound movement. It always follows the same general route.

   The hook, at its opposite or operative end, is provided with two articulation axes 285 and 286; to the uppermost one is pivotally attached a forked end of a lever arm 287 articulated at 288 to a support 289. The other end of the lever has an upwardly extending arm 290 which is in contact with the one of the ends of a second cleat, designated by the reference 291, this cleat passing through a similar bore provided in the adjoining part of the frame 136 and carrying at its forked inner end a roller 292 which can come into contact with the first cam 293 of the aforementioned pair of cams located towards the middle of the shaft 139.



   Arm 290 extends upwardly to a hooked end 294 to which a spring 295 is hooked under tension and attached at its opposite end to a

  <Desc / Clms Page number 43>

 connecting piece 296, fixed to the upper surface of the rear part 257 of the housing.



   A similar lever, having a downwardly directed arm 297, is also hinged at 288 and carries an upwardly extending extension to which a similar spring 298 hooks by which its roller 299 is held in contact with the cane. 300.



  At the forked lower end of the arm 297 of the lever is connected, on a hinge pin 301, a rod 302, the other end of which is forked and is fixed on a pin 285, the latter being one of the axes previously mentioned, located at the operative end of the hook 248,
Continuing now with the description of the weft mechanism, it will be seen that there is shown in Figures 8 and 9 and also in more detail in Figures 10 and 11, the remaining elements which include the inner blocker, the cutter. wire and retainer. These parts are mounted on a second arm 303 which is bolted, or otherwise secured, to the interior post of frame 136 as was arm 259 previously described.

   This arm 303 is provided with tabs 304 and 305, fused with it or forming part in another way, provided with guide holes in which the rod 306 slides. The support 303 is also provided with a third tab of protruding support 307 which extends downward towards the outer end of the weft mechanism assembly, i.e. towards the top of Figure 8.



   The rod 306 is actuated by a cleat 308 which is guided in a manner similar to the other cleats and which comprises at its end close to the camshaft, a roller 309 which is controlled by bosses provided

  <Desc / Clms Page number 44>

 on the cam designated as a whole by the reference 310. This cam 310 is, in reality, constituted by two cam plates, each being adjustable with respect to the other; the details of this organization appear more clearly in FIGS. 18 and 19 to which reference will be made more particularly hereinafter.



   A spring 311, compressed between the protrusion 304 and an adjustable ring 312, normally tends to hold the rod 306, the cleat and the roller 309 pressed forward, so that the roller always bears against the surface of the cam 310. This cam is of such a profile that it opens the blocker and the thread cutter to release the weft thread previously cut during the first initiation of the cycle, and then at a time later in the cycle, that 'it closes the weft thread retainer after which, at the time of the second launch, it opens the retainer to release this thread and close the blocker and the thread cutter to cut and hold the weft until 'until it is retrieved again.

   Thus, on each side of the machine, these cams 310 operate once as described above for each complete cycle or for four launches of the machine.



   The fixed part of the thread cutter is fixed by a screw 313 below the support 303 and consists of two plates 314 and 315. The plate 314 is curved as shown in Fig. 11 and a movable thread cutter lane 316 passes through. between these plates 314 and 315 to cut a wire as it is moved upwards in the space designated by the reference 317 (figure 10) and the cam allows the rod 306 to be driven to the left (figures 10 and 11) under the action of the spring

  <Desc / Clms Page number 45>

 
The blocker consists of two flat surfaces of relatively movable parts, one of which is carried by the rod 306 and which is designated by the reference 318.

   This blocker element is finished or otherwise fabricated, and it hangs from a hub or cylindrical part 319 held on a reduced end 320 of the rod 306 and held in position by a nut 321. The other part of the blocker consists of 'a flat plate 322 provided at the end of a rod 323 which passes through a hole made in the extension 307 projecting downward and which is pushed back in the direction of the blocker 318, movable relative to it, by a spring 324 bearing) on the one hand, against a shoulder provided on the rod 323 and, on the other hand, on an inside shoulder of the hole, the reduced end 328 of the rod being threaded and provided with adjustment brackets 326 in the aim to maintain this blocker part in a suitable adjustment position relative to the other part 318 of the blocker.



   The plate 322 is coated with a sufficiently hard and elastic material, this coating being indicated at 327, On this coating is applied the parallel face of the movable clamping member 318 when it is desired to maintain a running thread. between them. Since the spring 311 (Figure 8) is considerably more robust than the spring 324, the latter is compressed so that the entire clamping structure mounted on the rod 323 is moved slightly to allow the complete displacement of the rod 306. and all the parts attached to it.



   Although reference has been made to movable and fixed clamping elements, it should be noted that the

  <Desc / Clms Page number 46>

 Clamping elements mounted on rod 323 are slightly movable to the extent permitted by spring 324. However, this movement is a function of the tightening and the adjustment of the nuts 326 varies the time at which the tightening occurs relative to the torque. cutting operation. The part which has been made movable of the clamping member is, of course, the part which moves with the blade 316 of the thread cutter and the rod 306.



   The movable element of the blocker has a lateral vertical face which is suitably aligned with the plates 314 and 315, so that the movable blade 316 of the thread trimmer can be secured to the side of the blocker by screws, as shown, or any other way desired. The movable blade 316 comprises a protruding part designated by the reference 328, this protrusion always entering between the plates 314 and 315 of the thread trimmer which are applied one against the other and would therefore not allow the complete extraction of the thread. thread trimmer blade and its reinsertion if it were to be removed.



   The rod 306, moved by the cam 310, also serves to position the eyelet 265, this role being performed by an intermediate lever 329 articulated at 330 on the projecting support 307. The axis 330 is of the eccentric type of so that its adjustment varies the pivot point and hence the relative length of the lever arms 329 to modify the stroke of the eyelet 265. The lever 329 has a forked end 331 which receives a pin 332. , extending upwards, which is screwed into one of the movable elements with the rod. 306, or into the rod itself.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 47>

 



  The other end of the lever 329 is fixed at 333 to the adjustable connecting piece 334, located at the threaded end of the rod or pin 264 to which the eyelet 265 is fixed in an adjustable manner. Thus, when the blocker, the thread cutter and the retainer which will be described, are moved throughout their cycle during the insertion of two weft launches, the eye let 265 will first be moved to 'to one of its extreme positions and then to the other, the aims of such a change of position of the eyelet being more particularly highlighted in a subsequent paragraph relating to the description of the func - full operation.



   The blocker element 318 has an integral retainer 335 which is pointed and tapered at 336 so that the weft yarn held on it, when released, slips off the tip at an appropriate time. after the weft carrier has reached a safe point in its movement through the crowd. This tip 335 forms a V-shaped opening 337 into which the weft yarn is deposited at certain times during the cycle as the rod 306 recedes or moves away radially from the camshaft 139 of the weft mechanism.



   A tapered, blunt-ended contact piece 338 at the end of a shank 339 serves to complete the retainer so that the weft yarn cannot escape after the shank 306 has virtually reached its extreme position during the restraining movement. The spring 340 maintains the contact piece 338 in a suitable position to contact the tip 335 of the retainer and also allows the member 338 to be.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 48>

 pushed back slightly when necessary if movement of the cam projects the tip of the retainer beyond what is actually needed to make contact with component 338.

   A coating is attached to the end of the contact piece 338, this coating being designated by the reference 341 and being of such a nature that it digs slightly under the ppession exerted by the point 335 but does not deform sufficiently to delaying the prompt release of the yarn thereby preventing accidental displacement of the weft held between the elements. The setting of rod 339 also determines where the retained wire will be released.



   Rod 339 is slidably retained in a boss 342, located at the end of a curved arm 343 which is attached to the end of arm 303. Locknuts 344 allow adjustment, so that when outward movement of the retaining element with the movable blocker 318, its tip abuts against the member 341 and compresses the spring 340.



   Referring now to the cams shown in Figures 14 to 19, the setting thereof will be described.



  Since the general mode of adjustment is the same, the particular details given in connection with the cams of Figures 16 and 17 will suffice for a description of the whole. The cam 300, which is provided with a hub 345, is capable of being adjusted in a fairly large arc by means of the adjustment screws 34 and 347 which are screwed into the hub as shown in FIG. 16, one on one side of the geometric axis and the other on the other side, so that their points engage in a rim or shoulder milled in the camshaft 139; these shoulders extend in the figure along the horizontal axial line, but

  <Desc / Clms Page number 49>

 the actual size of the notch may vary more or less.

   Loosening one of the screws and tightening the other moves the cam angularly around the shaft.



   Cams 248 and 249 (Figure 14) are each provided with hubs, as shown, and similar adjustments allow each of the discs to be rotated through a limiting arc, but sufficient for any necessary adjustment. Of course, it should be understood that if an entirely different cycle has been performed relating to the weaving of various other types of fabrics, then a substitution of different cams is the rule and these cams will be suitable for the different cycles, but that They can likewise be adjusted as indicated here, in order to perfect the adjustment of the parts necessary for a suitable operation of the weft mechanism.



   In the case of the cam shown in Figure 18, which is the cam 310 of Figure 8, the plates 48 and 349 are each provided with hubs similar to hub 345 and a similar adjustment system.



   Since the cams 293 and 300 must occupy particular relative positions with respect to each other and it is not only desirable to advance or retard both simultaneously, but also to perform angular adjustments between them, the cam 293 is adjustably connected to the hub 345 of the cam 300. Screws 350 and 351 pass through slots made in the cam 293 and screw into the hub 345. The slots are of sufficient length to allow the necessary amount of displacement of one of the cams relative to the other.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 50>

 



   Cam 246 (Figures 14 and 15), as mentioned above, closes the first outer blocker or blocker 247 as the cam follower descends on ramp 254, keeps it closed along a given arc when the roller travels over the lower concentric surface 352 and then, upon contact with the ramp 253 of the cam, the latter opens the blocker 247 and this opening then remains for the remainder of the cycle. In each of the cams shown, the zero position is shown at the right end of the horizontal geometric axis and the general angular organization of the cam profiles is such that it forces the weft mechanism to operate properly during weaving, retort shown in the complete cycle of Figures 30 to 55.

   For the opposite group of cams position 0 would have a delay of 180.



   Referring now to Figure 16, the cam bosses 354 and 355 control the levers 297 and 287, respectively, for the purpose of imparting proper displacement to the lowering hook 284 at the first start of the cycle, that is, that is, by considering the cycle corresponding to a particular side of the machine.

   The first launch, on the opposite side, will be controlled by corresponding hull bosses of the opposite weft mechanism, but these bosses are offset by 180 from them. The corresponding bosses 356 and 357 therefore serve to transmit a similar movement to the hook of the thread depressor during the second launch or following launch of the set of throws which constitutes the "hairpin" which is inserted during this half - particular cycle.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 51>

 



   Referring now to Figure 18, it can be seen that the two adjustable cam plates which constitute the cam 310 have at 357 'a profile which serves to push the rod 306 backwards or to separate it radially from the shaft. cams 139 to open the inner blocker and the thread cutter and to close the retainer on the first launch. The concentric surface 358 keeps the retainer closed and the blocker and thread cutter open to the end of the cane boss, after which the steeply inclined ramp 359 allows the return of the rod 306 to close, by following, the interior blocker and the thread cutter and to ourir the retainer during the second launch.



   Weft carriers and the transfer process.



   Referring now to Figures 22, 23 and 24, the larger of the weft carriers 213 will be described in more detail. The weft carrier itself is made of sheet metal, although it could be manufactured from any other. manner and is generally U-shaped as shown in the cross section (Figure 24).



  The sides are brought forward to form V-shaped points 360 and 361, the central part or point of the V corresponding to approximately half the total height of the head, so as to lie more or less in the axis of the crowd and to separate any warp thread that could have been placed improperly inside the crowd. The weft retaining mechanisms or grippers arranged more or less in the center of the head or weft holder are placed behind or placed internally with respect to the points 360 and 361 which are in effect protective devices which prevent any warp thread coming to engage in these weft carriers, In fact, if a

  <Desc / Clms Page number 52>

 warp were seized in one of the weft carriers, considerable damage would ensue.



   The upper part, designated by the reference 362, is provided with a notch, the end of which is located towards the point indicated by the reference 363; this notch, located generally in the center, can guide and control the weft thread which is temporarily held in position to engage inside this notch when the weft carrier is launched into the shed by its ribbon 180.



   It is understood that each weft holder serves as an insertion member to push the weft towards the center of the shed and, then, on a following part of the cycle, serves to grip the weft coming from the opposite weft holder. and pulling it out of the crowd by causing it to pass over the entire width of the fabric. A gripper, which includes a hook 364 and a guide 365, is disposed axially across the width of the weft holder, and this hook and guide constitute part of a gripper, one being required for each tape head.



  This clamp is retained at its outer end and inserted into the block or other support provided at this location of the weft holder and held in position by the screw 216.



   The hook itself has an extension in the form of a curved barb 366 of metal wire which, in reality, constitutes a retaining member between the parts 364 and 365. The guide 365 is recessed or has a groove in the vicinity. wire 366 and just enough space is left between the inside of the groove and the wire to allow entry of the weft yarn. Once the wire has entered notch 363 and has been

  <Desc / Clms Page number 53>

 simultaneously gripped in the gripper, it cannot be extracted from it except by being pulled out of the gripper in the longitudinal direction.

   This is only possible when one end of the weft is released and the opposing gripper has received the weft during transfer, after which it serves to pull it, in the longitudinal direction, through the opposite gripper.



   The smaller, (or right) tape head (or weft holder) has a notch 367 and the thread on this side is brought slightly out of the vertical axis of the tape so that it enters this notch by means of which it is moved to the axial position at the inner end of the notch when the tape is launched into the shed. The clamp, located on this side, is actually part of the top of the tape head itself. It is also evident here that the tape head is rectangular in cross-section or box-shaped and that, although it can be made in many different ways, it is provided with sharp protective members 368 and 369 which play the role of. same role as protection devices 360 and 361 and contribute to the safety and certainty of operation.



   The upper plate of this weft holder is notched to form a notch 367, a hook 370 and a guide 371 similar to elements 364 and 365 on the left side. A wire barb 372 works in a similar fashion and, once the weft has been introduced, the clamp can only be extracted after releasing one of the ends, just as in the manner described above with regard to the side. left.



   The clamp (comprising the hook, the guide and the retaining member) located on the left side is provided at the end of a flat bar designated by the reference 373 and

  <Desc / Clms Page number 54>

 is at a somewhat lower level than the corresponding parts of the smaller (or right) weft holder. This allows the opposing or overlapping of the gripper members and the weft thread held in the notches of the weft carrier when the transfer takes place.

   When a weft thread is launched towards the center of the shed by the left clamp, given that it is maintained in the state of suitable tension between the notch 363 and the corresponding notch provided in the clamp , the right gripper, when this ribbon head is launched to the left, grasps the thread thus held so that it slides between the barb 372 and the guide 371 and is retained in the space formed between its parts and the hook 370. All this takes place when the ribbons and the holders reach precisely the end of their travel and overlap or come to rest against each other in the center of the crowd.



  Then, during the backward movement, since one end of the thread which has just been inserted by the left weft holder has been released, the right clamp pulls this weft thread out of the left clamp to make it cross the rest of the length of the shed, the actual length obtained by cutting the weft at the proper point allows this length of the weft to extend slightly beyond the selvedge.



   In the case of operation from the opposite side (or right side of the loom), the weft is engaged in notch 37 and is launched towards the center of the shed, after which a covering or application of the weft carriers one against the other forces this frame (which passes through notch 367 and along the lower part of the frame after exiting the wide notch indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 22, and which is

  <Desc / Clms Page number 55>

 taut) to be engaged and retained in the left clamp. The weft will have been cut or released just before the transfer, as described above,

   and the receding movement of the pieces allows the left gripper to pick up the rest of the length of the shed and protrude slightly beyond the selvedge.



   In some cases, a little lint, fur or other rubbing material can be provided inside the clamps so that the weft cannot be extracted too quickly, cannot escape during the race of insertion, or become loose to allow proper drive by the opposing forceps to effect the transfer. This trim has been designated by 374, in Figure 4a which is on a large scale, to show the details of the clamp comprising: the hook, 'the guide, which is grooved; - and the barb, in metal wire, which s 'fits in the groove, but leaves enough space for the wire to pass through the clamp, while not allowing its extraction except as explained above.



   Operation.



   Referring now to Figures 30 to 55, the operation of the loom for making a preferred type of fabric will be described, these figures schematically showing the operations relating to the insertion of four launches, i.e., two "pitches". hairpins "complete or one complete cycle after which the mechanism only repeats that cycle.



   Starting from Figure 30 and first considering the introduction of two launches or a single "hairpin" from the right side, one can

  <Desc / Clms Page number 56>

 assume that the weft F has been cut and is held as shown in the inner blocker 318 after having been extracted from the spool S, through the outer blocker 247, the eyelet 265 and on the path of the thread depressor hook 284. These blockers, thread cutters and the retainer 335 are designated by one of the references applied to their essential parts in the figures previously described in detail.



   Initially, as shown in Figure 30, the outer blocker is open allowing the free passage of the weft, the eyelet 265 is maintained substantially in alignment with the latter and on the path of the weft carrier, and, of course, the inner blocker is closed while the retainer is open.



   In Fig. 31 the parts occupy practically the same relative positions except that the lowering hook has been moved down to draw a certain length of weft out of the spool and present a certain tensioned length of travel. me, substantially vertical directly on the path of the entry of the notch 367 provided in the frame holder 214 on the right. This weft carrier has started its movement towards the shed and has just grabbed the weft in the notch as shown in this figure and in figure 28.



   In Fig. 32, the hook of the thread depressor has left the thread so that a somewhat loose end, designated 375, extends from the inner blocker to the weft holder 214, of course being that this loose end extends downwards under the weft holder and the tape or below as previously described. This results from the particular way in which the weft is presented, in reality to the weft carrier, as shown in more detail.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 57>

 detail in figure 28.

   The point / essential to observe is that the eyelet 265 is maintained in such a position above the advancing weft holder, that the vertical strand of the weft stretched downwards between the eyelet and the thread lowering member is located on the path of the notch in the weft holder. This is the first launch of a "hairpin" and the end to be released is the end located in the blocker so that the feeding done in this way always ensures that said end is pulled below the ribbon when it moves through the door.

   This allows for more control and ensures that the weft is positively pulled out of the spool as its extraction meets less resistance on the spool side than on the opposite or lower side of the weft holder and ribbon. Otherwise, it will release it. If the weft was released by the internal blocker, it would only have the effect of unthreading it or at least of moving it when the tape and the weft carrier move across the leaf. In this case, the operation would be so uncertain that it would not be possible to accurately measure the amount of weft to be passed through the fabric and a very short distance beyond.



   In Fig. 33¯, the loose end 375 is released from the inner clamp, and at the same time the eyelet which is operated simultaneously with the latter begins to move over the tape perpendicular to the general axis of the tape. moving the ribbon. At this time, sufficient weft length was measured to pass through the fabric and lock it 247 adjacent to the coil closes. Of course, the cam which controls this external blocker must be wedged accordingly.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 58>

 



  The weft end stretched between the eyelet and the weft carrier, as shown in Figure 32, aligns with the retainer 335. The tip of the retainer is located at a height such that, when it is advanced towards the retaining position once the cooperating blocker is released, one can be sure that the weft is engaged therein. In Fig. 33, the tip of the retainer has actually passed under the weft and the corresponding displacement of the eyelet ensures that it cannot escape, although the retainer is not. completely closed at this time.



   In Fig. 34 the ribbons and weft carriers have arrived at the midpoint along the flapper or inside the shed and transfer then takes place. The outer blocker is still closed and the retainer has moved even further to its closed position while the inner blocker and thread trimmer are nearly open. Note that the loose end 375 has been pulled through the shed and it is this end that will be gripped by the left weft carrier to be pulled towards the opposite edge of the fabric.



   In Figure 35 the weft carriers have started to move back from the center, with blocker 247 still closed as it should be until the pick has been fully stretched across the fabric and released by the gripper. provided in the left frame holder.



   Figure 36 shows this completed operation and the outer blocker has been opened. The operations described so far relate to the introduction of the first launch of the "hairpin" which was to be inserted from the right side. The operations of the following figures 37 to

  <Desc / Clms Page number 59>

 42 to show how we introduce the second launch.



   In Fig. 36, the hook of the depressor has again gripped the weft and pulled it down, but, as shown in the following Fig. 37, and also in the side view. perspective of Figure 29, this frame is now pulled down from the retainer rather than the inner blocker and is offset by eyelet 265 so that the weft carrier, in entering, cannot touch the weft between the eyelet and the hook of the thread depressor, as shown in Figure 28, but must progress slightly further towards the retaining member to grasp the taut strand of the weft which is between this device and the hook of the thread depressor. So,

   the launch to be inserted will be composed of the weft thread which makes a loop from the edge of the fabric, it being understood that the shed will have been changed after threshing and that the weft of this launch must be extracted from the spool.



   As shown in figure 38, the weft carrier has entered the shed after having extracted the weft from above, or through the retainer from which it extends to the selvedge. and the pick previously inserted, it draws the thread out of the spool, this end being below the weft holder and also below the ribbon. In Fig. 38, the retainer is about to start to open and the hook of the thread depressor, of course, has released the weft.



   Continuing now with Fig. 39, the retainer has opened sufficiently to allow the weft to escape, and thus a loose loop (not a loose end) occurs, designated 376, loop which is quickly tightened to form a selvage loop 377 (Figure 40) at the edge of the fabric.



   However, just before this operation, the blocker

  <Desc / Clms Page number 60>

 inside and the thread cutter functioned to cut the end coming from the spool and to lock it. As shown in figure 40, a loose end
378 is now drawn in the crowd, but is still below the ribbon just as was the loose end of the first pick. This cutting and blocking operation takes place in such an instant that there is just enough weft to stretch it across the fabric to reach the affixed selvedge. In reality, the synchronicity of the thread trimmer and its corresponding blocker is such that sectioning precedes blocking by a very short interval.

   Theoretically, both should occur at the same time, but this is very difficult to achieve, and for safe operation, the isolation is set so that it occurs just before the blocker has closed completely. Of course, the retaining member is then opened and the eyelet 265 moves back to come substantially in alignment with the outer blocker ready to repeat the cycle a little after two launches or a little after a full half-cycle.



   Continuing with the description of the operation, it can be seen that the transfer has just taken place in figure 41, the parts of the weft mechanism remaining in the same position and in figure 42, that the tapes and their weft carriers have been moved. until positions such as the complete "hairpin", carrying two picks, had been inserted, it being understood that the healds functioned in a normal way to change and open the shed after each launch of the shed. so that the new pick is introduced into a crowd contrary to the previous one.



   The clapper will also have made two movements to beat the weft in the crowd, this being accomplished by the mechanism described above. during the setting up

  <Desc / Clms Page number 61>

 this real of the frame for each launch, it is understood that the leaf remains fixed.



   Referring now to Figures 43 and 55, the operations are repeated on the left side of the loom and while this is happening the weft mechanism, located on the right side, cooperates with the concentric parts of the cam profiles ruling 180 or more. Thus, on this side, the parts come to a standstill, as has been shown in FIG. 42, until the cycle is repeated again.



   What is now being accomplished on the left side is exactly the same as what was described for the right side of the machine. In Figures 43 and 44 the weft has been forced to occupy the position shown in Figure 28 or the position preceding the first pick of a "hairpin". The only difference in what happens is that the left weft carrier 213 is slightly different in shape as previously described and the actual transfer will be from the left on to the weft carrier. smaller or right, of which / a describes the details.

   Of course, Figures 28 and 29 should actually be flipped left to right to allow representation of similar parts on the left side of the machine; on the other hand, since the weft arrives at the center of the weft holder 213 instead of being closer to one of the edges as in the case of the smaller weft holder;

   the actual setting of the parts is slightly different. However, the same general principles can be applied. It is believed that with the description of what happened on the right side, Figures 43 to 55 are clear and that one can simply follow the operations of inserting the two connected picks. These two picks then form a selvage 379 (figure 55) on the left side of the fabric, while two short ends protrude from

  <Desc / Clms Page number 62>

 the other side.



   Weft feed sources, as noted above, never fail as long as a spool of weft thread remains available in the carriers. One of the carriers has been shown in more detail in Fig. 27 and in its place there is shown a spool of wire 151 in the form of an independent source, wound in the shape of a cone. This particular holder, as is evident, is intended for two spools and the protective plates 380 and 381 keep the wire unwinding from one or the other of the spools separate from the other, but allow the end back or end strand to be extracted from one spool to be attached to the initial strand of thread of the other spool.



   For convenience, the coils are placed in working positions by pushing the core down onto spindle 382 which is mounted on a swivel arm 383 hinged to a bracket 384 and tilting it inward. This is only one embodiment which can be used, but serves to facilitate the replacement of a spent spool and although the thread is extracted from the spools as shown here, when those - these are arranged horizontally, it is understood that they could be mounted in other positions; for example, in a vertical position, so that the yarn is pulled vertically by the tip of the cone upwards towards guide eyelets or other guide elements commonly used in controlling a yarn in like circumstances.

   At the front of the support, an eyelet 385 allows the weft thread to be guided out of the support and to bring it directly to the external blocker 247.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 63>

 



   In some cases, or with certain materials, it may be advantageous to use a take-up type tension such as to compensate for any tendency towards "slack" of the weft as it passes between the power source and the blocker. 247. Such a compensated tension or take-up device could also be accompanied by other tension devices to control or prevent the excessive unwinding of the thread as it approaches the weft mechanism.



   Referring now to schematic Figures 56 to 59, various fabrics which can be made on the loom described herein will be described. Figure 56 shows the fabric obtained when using the loom described herein or in accordance with this. which is generally considered to be a preferred embodiment of operation. This fabric has an edge on each side produced during the weaving operation, which edge is satisfactory. It is understood that the projecting ends of the "hairpins" have been shown longer in these representations than is the case in the actual fabric, when the machine is operating as intended, part protruding from the weft at the bottom. beyond the edge then being uniform and of the order of about 6 mm to 12 mm.



   It is generally envisioned that the embodiment and the machine have two complete weft mechanisms, one on each side of the machine, and, of course, the corresponding tapes, tape drives and weft carriers on each side. It is, however, quite possible to work only on one side and although a machine can be somewhat simplified by eliminating the weft mechanism on one of the sides, this has a certain drawback as it does not require a weft mechanism. 'there is then no edge on either side.

   The edge that is woven from the first

  <Desc / Clms Page number 64>

 side will be perfect having no protruding ends, but the opposite side will have no selvage unless additional mechanisms such as those known in the prior art serve to produce some sort of twisted selvage, knitted selvage or selvage. turned ends as have been frequently proposed. The additional mechanisms result in considerable amplification and may not be satisfactory when comparing their edges to those obtained by means of the machine conforming to the invention.



   To obtain the fabric of figure 57, the weft mechanism, located at one of the sides of the loom, must repeat the operations described above over 180 of the stroke of the camshaft of the weft, so that cams mounted on the camshaft of the frame must exist on the opposite side to the latter or there must be dual cams arranged symmetrically around an axis instead of having the 180 or more times of stop that they currently have to produce the fabric of figure 56. Thus, the ribbon and the weft holder are used to insert a weft at each revolution of the main camshaft, while the weft holder located the opposite side takes this weft and finishes inserting it into the shed, once per turn.



   The same result is obtained by reducing the gear ratio between the main camshaft and the camshaft of the weft mechanism from 4: 1 to 2: 1 and by changing the cams so that they occupy twice the arc they are currently making in the figures. This allows easier setting of the cam profiles and results in smoother operation.



   The fabric of Figure 58 differs in that a weft carrier operating on one side of the machine to insert the initial pick of a "hairpin" and the carrier.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 65>

 corresponding weft to complete the pick on the other side, do not immediately repeat their operations with the second pick of the "hairpin". Instead, the next pick is inserted on the opposite side, etc., from so that the picks are inserted successively from alternate sides, Thus the two branches of each "hairpin" are inserted into non-neighboring crowds.

   The cams of the weft mechanism must be changed accordingly and it is obvious to any technician that in one complete revolution of the camshaft of the weft, the cams can operate in such a way as to give the cycle relative to the weaving of this weft. particular fabric, although one is obliged to use cams which are slightly more complicated than those shown here.



   In Fig. 59, the insertion of a branch of a "hairpin" from one side only is followed by the insertion of two picks from the opposite side, but these two picks constitute branches. different "hair pins". In other words, the succession comprises two picks coming from the same side, as in figure 56, but it is never two consecutive picks which form the same "hairpin" and thus the branches of each "hairpin. hair "are separated by two different picks of" hairpins ". This will be quite evident from an examination of Fig. 59 and is only one of the embodiments or another system of synchronism that can be used.

   In this connection, the description has mainly been devoted to the method and mechanism used for a fabric woven in a four-throw cycle. It is evident, as explained above that a two-throw cycle can be used if the fabric of Figure 57 is woven with cams covering 360 of the stroke of the ar

  <Desc / Clms Page number 66>

 cam bre. In fact, such a fabric could be obtained more easily in this way. A weft mechanism is only needed on one side.



   Another possibility is to use a ratio of 2: 1 to drive the camshaft of the weft mechanism and to use cams with two weft mechanisms, each set of which covers 360 instead of 180 useful with 180 of rest and these games being arranged in a similar manner around their axes. So by operating on a two-throw cycle, both sides can be used to insert the weft simultaneously. Weft carriers are used to insert one pick on each side, transfer the two picks to the center, and pass both picks across the fabric to throw them into the same shed.



  Then two picks are simultaneously inserted into the next shed to complete the cycle.



   No attempt is made here to illustrate or describe all of the fabrics which may be made on a loom constructed as described herein, or certain obvious changes in the timing thereof, but all such fabrics would the same general characteristics and the order of operations can be varied to a relatively large extent without departing from the fundamental system and without modifying the basic mechanism ,,, except to increase the number of cams used to control the operation and vary the profile so that this will become apparent to those skilled in the art.



   The more detailed part of this description has been made with reference to "ribbons" and these have been, described and shown in the form of flexible bands of metal. It is understood that the term "ribbons" both in the description and in the claims encompasses all flexible elements by which the weft carriers can be launched into (and extracted from) the crowd. These

  <Desc / Clms Page number 67>

 can take the form of articulated members which are wrapped around the sectors and guided in (and out of) the crowd or can include other composite elements the general tendency of which is to take a straight shape but which can be wrapped around the ribbon sectors.



   Although only one embodiment of the invention and certain possible variations thereof have been described, it is understood that it can be implemented in various ways. Consequently, it is obvious that the embodiments given above and shown in the appended drawing are given only as an indication and are not limiting and that any modifications can be made to them without having to worry. for this to be removed from the spirit of the invention.


    

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1. A method of inserting weft launches into crowds of a woven fabric on a loom characterized by presenting the weft from a spool to an insertion weft holder in a relative position such as the end weft which is thrown to the opposite end of the warp is still arranged to be pulled into and across the shed as it rests between the bottom surface of the weft carrier and the bottom surface of the shed .; 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the picks comprise two lengths of connected wire which are in neighboring or non-neighboring crowds. 3. Method according to revendùcation 1, characterized in that when the two connected picks are inserted, one end is first kept in the vicinity of the shed <Desc / Clms Page number 68> and the first pick introduced by extracting it from the spool until enough yarn is available to reach the other edge of the fabric, then releasing the held end and securing the yarn against the extraction out of the spool while the fabric is passed through the extracted thread, then reversing the relative position of the weft and inserting a pick, this operation consisting in first extracting from the spool a sufficient length of thread to reach the length of the spool. the other edge of the fabric, then cut and then tighten the thread and complete the insertion of the pick. 4. A loom for carrying out as claimed in claim 1 the method comprising a weft inserter for inserting the weft from a stationary power source and a weft mechanism. characterized by the fact that this weft mechanism is provided with a yarn control device for placing the weft when it comes to the insertion member so that, for each pick which it inserts, the weft the loose end of the weft pulled into the shed is disposed below the insertion member. 5. Loom for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a blocker for retaining the weft in the vicinity of the spool, a thread cutter and a locking device for the weft placed. between the first blocker and the fabric, a retaining member adjacent to this thread cutter and this blocking device and devices engaging the weft between, on the one hand, this blocker and the thread cutter and, on the other hand , the blocker and the retainer, and synchronized control devices, acting on the aforementioned devices and serving to launch the weft from the clamping device to the retainer, to reverse, therefore, its position in relation to the insertion device for <Desc / Clms Page number 69> predetermined picks. 6. Mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the blocker and the thread cutter are open when the retainer is closed and vice versa. 7. Mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the retaining member is so disposed with respect to the first-mentioned blocker and to the appended parts that when it is engaged therein, the weft is presented to the screen. weft carrier other than when it is held by the thread cutter and the aforementioned blocker and the first-mentioned blocker. 8. Mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that there is provided a weft guide eyelet and a thread depressor to align the weft intended to be received by the weft carrier and to pull it down below. of the weft carrier. 9. Mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the synchronized control device comprises a camshaft, several cams mounted on the shaft, a camshaft drive device and connecting members for transmitting the movements from. the cams to the various control elements of the weft. 10. A trade used to implement the method according to claim 1, comprising a flap, a comb, a device for inserting the weft at a fixed position, presented to these weft carriers by a weft mechanism, characterized in that it further comprises a leaf movement mechanism provided to cause the leaf and the comb to come to rest for an appreciable period during a cycle, supports for the devices of insertion by which they are fixedly arranged relative to each other to align with the leaf during its rest period. and a weft mechanism for the insertion device located on one side of career, <Desc / Clms Page number 70> this weft mechanism being constituted retort a removable whole, and driven in synchronism with respect to the aforementioned leaf and to the insertion device. 11. A mechanism according to claim 10, characterized in that said weft mechanism is actuated by a series of cams each of which is independently adjustable to modify the synchronism of the various elements of which the weft mechanism is part. 12. A mechanism according to claim 10, characterized in that the movement coming from the cams is transmitted to the devices controlling the weft by cleats and a linkage therefrom comprising levers. 13. A mechanism according to claim 12, wherein the cams controlling the weft depressor serve, through a linkage, to transmit a compound movement adapted to cause the partial lowering thread. around and below the cooperating weft insertion device. 14. A loom for carrying out the method according to claim 1, and comprising weft insertion devices operating from fixed weft feed sources and weft control elements, characterized by further comprising yarn gripping and retaining devices and other guiding devices for periodically changing yarn control from one to the other for predetermined picks. 15. Mechanism according to claim 14, wherein the devices for passing the wire from one element to the other comprise a movable eyelet for guiding the wire and a linkage extending from the latter to other controlled elements making up the wire. part of the frame mechanism. <Desc / Clms Page number 71> 16. Mechanism according to claim 14, characterized in that the wire gripping and retaining devices are interconnected to operate by a common cam and a linkage linkage from the latter. 17. A loom for carrying out the method according to claim 1 and comprising weft insertion devices operating from stationary weft power sources, ribbons for actuating these and devices. for moving and guiding these ribbons, characterized in that it further comprises tape-carrying wheels to which the ribbons are attached at one of their ends, devices for oscillating these wheels and a device protection for each of these wheels and these ribbons, and guide and support devices comprising antifriction bearings spaced around the periphery of the wheels and located in an adjustable manner inside the protection device serving to force the ribbon to circulate near its wheel. $ 1. Mechanism according to Claim 17, in which the adjustment for the anti-friction bearings comprises an eccentrically articulated support axis. 18. Mechanism according to claim 17, in which a tangential guide device for the tapes is provided between the protection devices and a point located in the vicinity of the leaf, this tangential guide device comprising a flat U-shaped member at the end of the leaf. inside which slide the ribbons and rollers located; above and at the edges of the ribbons bordering the leaf:. 20. Mechanism according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises adjustment devices for the members arranged tangentially to tilt them angularly and also to raise or lower them. <Desc / Clms Page number 72> 21. Mechanism according to claim 19, characterized in that the rollers are also adjustable within certain limits to vary the path of the ribbons 22. Mechanism according to claim 17, in which the aforesaid tape-carrying wheels can oscillate on bearings provided in supports mounted in an adjustable manner on the frame of the loom to allow, consequently, the proper positioning of the tape and the mechanisms for inserting the weft relative to the leaf. 23. Mechanism according to either of claims 17 to 22, in which the supports, on which the tape-carrying wheels are mounted, are fixed to the frame of the loom by means of an inclined slide. at an angle substantially parallel to the direction of the leaf when it is held stationary to allow insertion of the frame. 24. A loom for carrying out the method of claim let comprising weft inserter devices operating from stationary weft feed sources and a movable flapper and comb for flapping in successive launches. csessives, characterized in that the leaf is moved as described and is kept stationary during part of its cycle by cam devices mounted on a camshaft, these cam devices comprising two complementary cams, one to transmit the threshing movement and the other to cause the parts to return. 25. Mechanism according to claim 24, in which the clapper and the comb are mounted on hunting swords which can oscillate on a shaft and which are adjustable lengthwise to modify the position of the clapper and of the blade at will. comb . <Desc / Clms Page number 73> 26. A mechanism according to either of claims 24 and 25, in which the hunting swords are adjustably connected to levers provided on an oscillating shaft, these levers being provided with rollers to enable the swords to be moved. 'engagement by the cams operating the leaf. 27. A mechanism according to either of claims 24 to 26, in which the aforesaid levers are articulated and pushed back by springs so that the cam rollers are resiliently applied against their respective cams. 28. Mechanism according to either of claims 24 to 26, in which the levers are forked, the end of each fork portion carrying a roller and one of the fork portions being articulated to the lever. and being provided with spring devices which push the rollers back towards their cams, as well as a threaded adjustment bolt to limit this displacement. 29% A mechanism according to claim 28, in which there is further provided a safety stop to limit the movement of the cam rollers in the event that the spring device fails. 30. Loom according to claim 4, comprising a thread blocker, characterized in that this blocker comprises a conical opening through which the thread is drawn, a conical shaped plug engaging in the conical opening, a spring for maintaining the stopper out of contact with the opening, and positively actuated devices to press the stopper into contact with the opening against the spring tension, in order to lock the wire. 31. Loom according to claim 4, comprising EMI73.1 weft carrier, characterized by "" what a cb these weft carrier is <Desc / Clms Page number 74> smaller than the other to enter it at the time of transfer, the aforementioned smaller weft holder having its lower part in alignment with the lower edge of the tape to which it is fixed so that it bears against a part of the flap on which it slides, the larger weft holder having its lower central part notched and its sides extending downwards to terminate with lower edges in alignment with the tape to which this weft holder is attached, in order to allow the entry of the smaller weft carrier, while the two weft carriers are supported by the leaf substantially over their entire length. 32. Mechanism according to claim 31, characterized in that the ream carriers are of generally rectangular section and of smooth outer contour terminating in elements with pointed sides, without any external part liable to touch the threads of the thread in an unfortunate manner. chain. 33. Mechanism according to either of claims 31 and 32, in which each weft carrier has a notch receiving the thread, by which the thread is held when it is to be inserted until the middle of the frame. each weft carrier EMI74.1 shed, roughly, v behavej3.rÍ. again a clamp to receive the thread at the midpoint and pull it out through the rest of the shed. 34. Mechanism according to claim 33, characterized in that the notch and the clamp are vertically aligned so that a wire entering the notch also enters the clamp. 35. Mechanism according to claim 33, characterized in that the notch and the clamp form part of the upper surface of the weft holder, the notch having its entry laterally spaced from the entry of the clamp, but having <Desc / Clms Page number 75> its end portion substantially in alignment therewith. 36. Mechanism according to claim 35, in which the clamp of one weft holder is offset vertically with respect to the clamp of the other weft holder, so as to overlap during the transfer of the weft. 37. Weft transfer clamp for weft holder as defined above, characterized in that the part engaging the weft side clamp comprises a hook and a guide defining between them a notch, a retainer. being provided between the aforementioned hook and guide and being arranged so as to allow the easy entry of a wire into the notch, but so as to prevent any direct withdrawal of this wire from the notch. 38. The clamp of claim 37, wherein the device for preventing direct withdrawal of the wire from the said notch comprises a groove provided on the hook side of the said guide and a barb attached to said hook and extending along the guide in. said groove. 39. A clamp according to either of claims 37 and 38, wherein a friction material serves to retard longitudinal movement of the wire in said clamp 40. A combined blocker and retainer according to claim 5, characterized in that that the retaining member takes the form of a thread confinement member, a stop being provided against which this member bears in order to complete the blocking of a weft thread, this member comprising a part, on which the wire rests, which is tilted in a direction allowing the wire to slide in. ser, when the retainer is taken out of service. <Desc / Clms Page number 76> 41. Loom according to claim 4, characterized in that the weft is inserted by weft carriers at the end of flexible ribbons, This loom furthermore comprises wheels to each of which a ribbon is connected, a camshaft with constant rotation and eccentrics (one for each wheel) actuated by said shaft, an eccentric rod, an oscillating shaft, gears to interconnect each oscillating shaft, each wheel and a rack provided at the end of each eccentric rod and meshing with a pinion fixed to the oscillating shaft, an angularly adjustable connection being provided between the camshaft and the eccentric devices, to allow adjustment of the synchronization of the ribbon and the weft carrier. 42. Mechanism according to claim 41, in which the length of the eccentric rods is adjustable, so as to allow the relative positions of the wheels controlled by these rods to be varied. 43. A method of weaving, in substance, as described above. 44. Trade, in substance, as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.