BE484653A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "Machine for composing text in or on a recording tape or tape".



   The invention relates to the improvement of machines for composing text in or on a recording tape or tape which, in turn, is intended for use in operating a photographic composing apparatus which composes automatically. a text formed of block lines justified prior to making printing plates suitable for offset lithography, rotogravure printing or other types of printing. In accordance with the invention, characters, tick marks and other control representations are produced as agreed upon signs on the tape.

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  The apparatus according to the invention can be operated by any experienced typist without knowledge of the layout or other complicated details which are generally involved in composing justified lines of text. '
Many proposals for automatic machines of this general type have already been made, but most of them are too complicated, too expensive, too slow, or lacking in precision in producing justified lines of text.



   One of the main problems posed by text composition for offset lithography, apart from hand composition, linotymic or monotypic processes, is to provide satisfactory automatic means for performing the justification of lines of text. It is generally recognized that the machine justification methods devised so far are not sufficiently precise and flexible to be used commercially. In order for a text to be satisfactory, it must be composed with precision of justified lines, but as far as is known the only system that can be trusted is the use of hand composition methods which are natural. really absolutely too slow and too expensive.



   Another problem with composing text with justified lines is that of providing a mechanism which is fast, flexible and precise enough to determine and transfer the space values of characters and lines. paces of a line, and which can approach the results obtained by skilful manual composers.



   Various types of mechanisms have been proposed for finding space values and for measuring the character width involved in a justified line of text. However, the known imperfections and cost of these devices is undoubtedly the reason why they were not adopted for commercial composition. ¯

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In previously proposed machines, it appears to be generally recognized that no suitable means could be provided for canceling or removing the representation of a character mistakenly employed in a composition operation.



  In the past, nothing was planned to make the corrections immediately. It was only in the final composition of the photographed text that a replacement word or blockline could be substituted for the word or blockline containing the error.



   In accordance with the features of the invention, it has been found that correct and justified lines of text can be produced quickly and uniformly by a relatively inexpensive, simple and compact mechanism which does not involve manipulation of types or l use of elements representing characters, having the width of the characters to be reproduced. On the other hand, the machine according to the present invention produces a tape recording bearing control representations or symbols, which is employed in a separate machine or apparatus as a control means for automatically producing the justified lines of control. text by photographic means.



   Another feature of the invention is to provide a fast working mechanism to find and measure exactly the space values not only of the characters to be presented in the justified lines of the text, but also of the spaces of the justified lines. This particularity of the invention is based on the absolute measurement and the use of the space or distance between two given points or fixed stops which represent the ends of the line of justified text to be composed.

   A mechanism is provided to quickly and exactly assign this line length to the various letters or other characters of which that% line is composed, and the necessary spacing between words or groups of characters, regardless of whether all different characters have different widths in the row.

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   An important characteristic of the machine according to the invention is the speed at which lines of text can be composed, since there are no equivalent types or elements to be handled and therefore there is no It is not necessary to provide a mechanism to manipulate these elements. It has been found that the mechanism of the machine according to the invention, which is electrically operated, is extremely fast and that the composition is carried out as quickly as an operator would care to do, that is to say several times as fast as by any-; the methods currently employed.

   In employing a complete combined apparatus whereby the tape recording, photographs and clichés or plates of the proposed pages of composition are made for an offset press, it will be evident that a very small storage space is necessary to keep photographic negatives, for example, a full read, compared to the storage space and weight required to keep ordinary photographs for the same book.



   More precisely, the improved machine according to the invention comprises an automatic mechanism operated by keys, for producing a tape recording on which the characters and spaces of a line of text are represented by agreed signs, for measuring successively on a bar or track the widths of the characters and spaces represented by the signs, to measure separately on the same bar or track the width of the spaces, and to divide the total distance represented by the spaces measured separately and any extra space or lack of space in the measured line, means for automatically dividing the total space distance to determine the width of spaces between words to produce a justified line of text,

   and a mechanism for recording this width of space on the tape in association with the signs agreed for the line of text under consideration.



   Another feature that makes writing the text easier and

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 increases the speed of the dialing operation, consists of providing word keys on the keyboard for very common words such as "and", "of", "on", "in", etc.



   The operator simply hits the key corresponding to one of these words and the signs for the letters of that word are successively measured on the device and recorded on the tape.



   The new and improved machine also includes a device that allows the operator to see at a glance the character he has written. One of the difficulties of the machines proposed in previously is that / the composition of the recording of a text, the operator could neither see if he had hit the correct key nor to make a correction or deletion if he had the feeling or knew that a wrong key had been struck. The new and improved machine includes automatic means for making the character of the hit key clearly visible to the operator, and a special key for removing the space or any sign which may have been recorded on the tape in error.

   These features contribute significantly to the accuracy of the text and the speed of the operator and increase confidence in the composition of lines of text.



   In addition to the ordinary character keys and word keys specially associated with a letter key for the initial letter of the met, the keyboard contains other special keys including a "space keys", / "delete key. - edit or cancel ", a" lower case letter key "or lower case key", a "capital letter key" or "capitals key", a "number key", an "itali key - ques ", and a" release or release button ".



   In the apparatus according to the invention, the mechanism for deleting the representation of a character placed on the tape by mistake comprises a rapid device with effective precision for deleting the exact space allocated to this character, so that when the final recording tape is used for

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 To reduce the actual text, the representation of the character placed on the tape in error and its space will be completely ignored and will not affect the final composition. The new improved machine for making a tape recording of Justified lines of text includes a new precise device for providing representations giving the exact length of the individual line or individual lines of text,

   the size of the type to be printed and the exact spacing between words or groups of characters in each line.



   The improved machine according to the invention comprises other important features and other objects and advantages which will be demonstrated in detail in the description of the machine given below in relation to the accompanying drawings, which show an embodiment by way of example.



   Figure 1 of these drawings is a front elevational view, after breaking up, of a part of a machine constructed in accordance with the invention, parts of which have been removed, omitted or broken away, because they are not necessary for a full understanding of the machine and its operation .: Some parts are shown schematically. Figure 2 is a partial end elevational view from the left of the apparatus shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is an elevational view after broken and partially sectioned taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1 and showing the part of the machine used to print the justification mark or the gap length on the recording tape.

   FIG. 4 is a view, after broken, taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1, showing one of the cam switches and a lifting cam in the position opposite to that; shown in figure 1. Figure 5 is an elevational view, broken away, partly in section, showing the space equalizing elements of figure 1 in the positions they occupy in the justification of a particular line of text .

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   FIG. 6 is a detail view, partially in section, showing the structure and arrangement of one of the space equalizing elements.



   Figure 7 is a fragmentary perspective view, schematically illustrating one form of keyboard and associated elements for producing the various representations of characters and symbols on the recording tape, including a portion. connecting wires and associated elements.



   Figure 8 is a partially sectional view taken approximately along line 8-8, obtained looking in the direction opposite to that of Figure 2, and which shows essentially the same elements of the apparatus. .



   Figure 9 is a view taken along line 9-9 of Figure 1, showing part of the actuation mechanism for measuring spaces in a line of text.



   FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing in a schematic manner a form preferably adopted for the circuit and the mechanism suitable for actuating the keys for the letters "A", "N", "D", the word "and", the spaces key, the recall key or delete key, the bottom letter s key, the uppercase key, the numbers key, the italics key and the clearance.



   The machine according to the present invention is designed primarily to produce a recording on a tape or a tape, mainly by printing thereon agreed stitch combinations representing the particular characters whose characteristics. justified lines of text are composed. The machine also prints on the tape separate bars or lines representing the length of the line, the size of the types and the length of the space between words for each line of text. The machine determines the length of each of these lines. bars.



  The machine includes -a mechanism to print on the ribbon a

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 deletion sign for any agreed representation of a particular character which may have been placed on the tape in error ,. At the same time, the machine subtracts the particular space for the erroneous character representation previously assigned to the line.



   The new improved machine comprises means for arranging a line of given length between two limits or stops, and a device is provided for measuring so far as to measure portions of this line length as the different representations of characters and spaces are. printed on the tape, from a measuring device representing the different widths of the various characters and spaces used. When the spaces key is hit, a "normal" space length is measured as part of the line length, such as, for example, the width of the capital letter "N", and a space sign is printed on the ribbon in the same way as for any character.

   A line of text is therefore produced in code on the tape by actuation of the apparatus until the line length is exhausted to the extent of one or more characters more or less than the length. line fixed.



   During this composing operation, a mechanism provided in the machine and comprising part of the justification mechanism is operated simultaneously to separately step by step measure the spaces between the words used in the composition line. After the line has been dialed, the justification key is pressed on the keyboard to set in motion an automatic justification mechanism which makes use of the separate group of spaces or space equalizers.



  This mechanism divides the total space equally between the number of spaces existing in the line of text and causes a mechanism associated with it to record on the ribbon a bar having

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 a length representing the correct spacing between words in the particular line of text.



   If a key is actuated in error, the clear or space recall key is then actuated and this electrically actuates a mechanism for removing the space in the line measuring device to bring the tape back. a space, and to apply an agreed deletion sign next to or below the erroneous sign. The composition operation then continues as before.



   After the line of text has been dialed and the justification key is pressed, the release key is pressed, which moves the ribbon enough to disengage or release the print mechanism and recall the parts of the mechanism used to lift. the line length with spaces and character representations. At the same time, the justification mechanism is returned to its original position and the apparatus is then ready to compose a new series of characters and control signs for a new line of text.



   The apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 9 can be conveniently described with respect to the operation of its various parts apart from the electrical circuits involved in performing operations from the keyboard.



   The apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises side panels or frames 20 and 21 which comprise part of the assembly of the apparatus and are normally attached to the frame or keyboard frame mounted in Figure 7. These side panels are mounted spaced apart and carry a pair of parallel and spaced horizontal slides 22 and a tape channel or printing frame 23 for a recording tape 24.

   The printing frame 23 carries six members or printing devices 25 of punctiform signs. These printing bodies,

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 which are arranged vertically and are numbered 1 to 6 per shot from the top, are actuated by electromagnets 26 to imprint a black dot or spot or a selected group of black dots in a vertical row on the tape 24, a printed punch
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 A suitable ink and ribbon operated ribbon being provided for this printing operation. The lower dot printing member 6 is intended to print a punctual deletion mark to cancel the dots located above it.

   The tape 24 may be of transparent paper or of cellulose film and has on its edges the usual holes in which the sharp teeth of a drum or mechanism wheels mounted on a drive shaft 28 engage. ratchet for advancing the tape 24 step by step is attached to the lower end of the shaft 28 and is mounted on the panel 20, while a similar mechanism, mounted on the panel 21, is provided to return the tape back step by step when signs representing characters printed in error should be removed.



   The printing frame 23 carries an electromagnetic printing means or device 29 actuated by a solenoid 30, both of which are attached to a vertically movable slider as shown, for printing on the ribbon a bar-shaped mark representing the desired type size. This sign is a black line or bar, the length of which on the ribbon from the top is determined by a positioning motor 31 of the "Selsyn" type, which turns a threaded member connected to the slide carrying the printing device. 29.



   A similar printing mechanism, comprising an electromagnet 32 and a motor 33, is employed to print a bar-shaped sign on the tape 24 from the top, said sign representing the desired length of justified line of text to be produced. finally.

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   The positioning motors 31 and 33 are actuated from the location of the keyboard as will be described below. These printing devices are provided with ink ribbons with which suitable bar-shaped punches are contacted when the electromagnets are energized.



   The printing frame 23 also carries a device for printing on the tape a line or bar representing the length of the space to be used to justify the line of characters composed. This printing device is similar to the bar-shaped sign printing devices described above, except that it is operated from the lower edge of the ribbon 24, so that the printed bar extends upwardly from from the bottom of the ribbon. This device, which is shown in figure 1 to the right of the other printing devices of
34 bars, and in more detail in Figure 3, includes a slider / movable vertically to determine the position of the print bar or punch 34a which is mounted below the slider near the ribbon 24 beyond a ribbon inked, and is actuated by an electromagnet 35.

   Attached to the bar 34a is a pin 35a which passes through the slider 34 and is actuated by the electromagnet 35 and a lever as shown. The pin 35a maintains the bar in a fixed vertical position, and is preferably mounted in a vertical groove or slot of the slider so that it is held exactly in position.



   A spring mounted on pin 35a keeps the bar normally spaced from ribbon 24 except when electromagnet 35 is energized.



   A conventionally shaped ink ribbon, as shown, is provided to imprint the bar shaped sign on the ribbon 24.



   Line length and type size printing devices are constructed like the printing mechanism shown.

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 shown in Figure 3. The vertical position of the slider 34 and the bar-shaped punch 34a is determined by a justification push rod 36 which is brought into the correct position before the solenoid is energized. . A stop 36a provided on the rod 36 and supported by one of the bars 22 fixes the lower limit of the rod 36.



   The device for measuring step by step the widths of various characters and punctuation marks and the spaces between words, is carried by the parallel transverse bars 22 and comprises a caliper 37, figure 1, which is moved in successive stages towards the right, depending on the width of the various characters, punctuation marks and spaces used in the composition of a line, There is also provided on the bars 22 a stirrup 38 which is moved to the left one step for each space between the words or groups of characters.

   The caliper 38 is actuated by a worm 39 and an electromagnetically actuated stepping mechanism mounted on the outer side of the panel 21, while the caliper 37 is actuated by a worm 40 and a displacement mechanism. step by step which is associated therewith and is mounted on the exterior face of the panel 20, the worm screws being able to be rotated in fixed positions.



   The parallel bars 22 also carry, between the stirrups
37 and 38, a plurality of space equalizing elements 41 shown in more detail in FIGS. 5 and 6, and comprising, in number, more than the maximum number of spaces which are used in any justified line of text. Stirrups 37 and 38 will occupy / ,, an initial position fixed one in relation to the 'another when the worm 40 comes into contact with the inner ends of the yoke 37, and the widened shoulder portion,
39a located at the end of the worm 39 sits against the caliper, as shown, The positions of the calipers would represent the maximum line length that can be achieved

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 naked with the machine and, of course,

   the machine can be built for any maximum line length.



  The machine, as shown, is provided with a device for adjusting the line length, which comprises a sliding stop 42 actuated by a positioning motor 43 and a screw or worm, as is. represented. The caliper 37 is also provided with a rack 44 which moves with the caliper and causes a positioning generator 45 to register the movement of the caliper on the face of the keyboard by electrical impulses arriving at a position. motor mechanism shown in Figure 7 and which will be discussed below.



   The device for actuating the worm 40 which is either will fix a shaft or extend in the form of a shaft through the panel 20 of the chassis, comprises a conventional clock spring attached to the shaft and mounted in a boot. 46 to rotate the shaft 40 to move the caliper 37 to the left to its stop position when the shaft is released. Normally the rotation of the shaft is prevented by a spring-loaded brake lever 47 acting on a brake drum 48 attached to the worm shaft. The brake is released and the spring mounted in the boot 46 can act on the worm by the actuation of an electromagnet 49, as will be understood more clearly from what is shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings.



   The step-by-step actuation of the worm 40 is effected against the retaining action of the brake lever 47 by means of an electromagnetic clutch device.

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 that 50, which, when energized, rotates the drum 48 and the worm shaft 40, not only against the brake action / lever 47, but also in antagonism with the box spring 46, to move the caliper 37 to the right ,. This movement takes place step by step and is effected by the displacement of a measuring member 51 having the form of an arm extended by a sort of anvil and attached to the clutch member 50.



   The member 51 and its movement within certain predetermined but adjustable limits, is used in measuring the distance over which the caliper 37 is moved with each step, which is equal to the width of a particular character, plus the space required between characters, or a space. The distance over which the stirrup 37 is moved with each step is, for example, the width of a letter of an existing type style. It is understood that the different characters in the existing type styles have different unrelated widths. In the present apparatus, a device is provided for accurately measuring the width of each character when its key is struck on the keyboard, so that the yoke 37 is moved a distance corresponding to the width of the character.

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   This mechanism is shown more fully in Figure 2 of the drawings, since it is mounted on the outer face of the frame or panel 20. When the key for a particular letter, for example the letter "a" (lower caspe), is Typed on the keypad, a rotary selector switch, shown in the assembly diagram, is operated to cause a motor 52 to rotate a crawler cylinder 53 on a shaft 52a so as to bring it to a position such that the row of pegs 54 containing s the peg of the bottom letter "a" is in front of the point or inner right head of the lever 51.

   At the same time, a positioner motor 55 operates a rack and pinion 55a, the rack carrying the pin cylinder 53 on an arm 55b to move it up or down until the row of pins containing the pin. letter "a" is brought in faoe of the head 51a of the lever 51.

   The pin "a" is now in a position where it can be struck by the lever 51. clutch
When the "a" key on the keyboard is released, a magnet 56 is energized and engages the shaft of a continuously operating motor 57, thereby rotating an arm 58 attached to the clutch 56. clockwise against the action of the spring, as shown,
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 so that a push button 59 of a switch 'V ", .. I .., ... of tJt! 1st- 60 mounted on the arm 58 comes up against the lower rear part of the lever 51 for the forcefully bring into contact with the pin "a" of the culindre 53.

   This action closes the switch 60 to cause the energization of the magnetic clutch 50 and to interrupt the excitation of the circuit leading to the clutch 56, so that the arm '58 is brought back rapidly in the opposite direction of clockwise by the spring attached thereto, to close a switch 61 mounted on the arm, the lower part of which comes into contact with a stop, as shown.



   , The closing of the switch 61 excites an electromagnet 62,

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 which pulls lever 51 clockwise against an adjustable stopper 63. Since clutch 50 was energized prior to operation of solenoid 62, movement of lever 51 clockwise. A watch rotates the worm 40 and thus moves the caliper 37 to the right of Figure 1 a distance corresponding to the type width of the letter "a".



   It will be understood that since the arm 58 is held under the action of its spring, the switch 61 is normally closed, so that the electromagnet 62 also normally maintains the lever 51 against the stop 63. Consequently, the first action which takes place after the clutch 56 is energized is the opening of the switch 61 to demagnetize the electromagnet 62 and allow the movement of the lever 51 towards the pin cylinder 53. Then - sufficient pressure is applied to the button 59 of the switch 60 during this movement, this switch closes to perform the functions described above.



   The mechanism shown in Figure 2 comprises a positioning motor 64 and a worm screwed to the stop 63, the motor being actuated from the keyboard to adjust the stroke of the lever 51 so that the measurements obtained from the cylinder at anchors correspond to a dimension of type chosen. The pitch of the worm 40 correlates with the stroke of the lever 51, so that the character width measured by the lever 51 is accurately transmitted to the caliper 37.



   The pegs of cylinder 53 represent the various letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks and other characters, as well as the "normal" space between words (that is to say the width of the upper case "NOT"). These pegs are different widths, and one peg can be used to measure two or more characters if the types of those characters are the same width. The ahe & illes cylinder may have a

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 caterpillar for each character and, in a favorable construction, have six vertical rows of 26 ohemilles each, so that a selector switch is not required.

   The caterpillars may protrude different distances from the axis of the cylinder so that the difference in length of any two caterpillars represents the difference between the lengths of the particular characters that those pegs represent. The wider the character, the shorter the ankle.



   When the keyboard spaces key is hit, an agreed space sign, either printed or punched or punched, is formed on the tape 24, and the yoke 37 is moved the space from normal "N" to the right. . At the same time, the mechanism is actuated to move the yoke 38 to the right in Figure 1 by rotation of the worm 39. This screw extends between the parallel members 22 in axial alignment with the screw. endless 40 and is rotated in a fixed position from a shaft extending to the right, as shown.



   The worm 39 is actuated in one direction by a clock spring attached to the shaft and enclosed in a boot
65 similar to gearbox 46. Brake drum 66 is also attached to the worm shaft with an electromagnetic clutch 67. A spring-actuated pivot brake lever 68 normally rests on the drum 66 identically in the same way as the lever 47 on the drum 48. The lever 68 is released under certain conditions by the operation of an electromagnet 69 corresponding to the electromagnet 49 and energized at the same time as the latter.



   The actuation of the yoke 38 step by step to the left is effected by a mechanism shown more fully in the figures.
9 and 10, in which the clutch is shown provided with an arm 70 held up against a fixed stopper by a spring, as shown. The arm 70 extends over a

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 adjustable stop 71 actuated by a positioning motor 72 and an endless screw, as shown.



   An electromagnet 73 is provided to attract the arm 70 downwards. The positioning motor 72 is actuated from the keyboard as shown in Figure 7 to provide the normal "N" space for the particular text to be written. The stopper 71 is placed in position for the step-by-step movement of the stirrup 38 over the same distance and in the same direction as the stirrup 37 when the spaces key is actuated.



   A number of parts of the apparatus are actuated by the gap key, including the energization of the electromagnetic clutch 67, so that it engages with the worm shaft. 39. Immediately after this has happened, the electromagnet 73 is energized to draw the arm 70 down, thereby rotating the worm 39 and moving the caliper 38 to the right on the slides 22.



   Another mechanism for performing line justification is shown in Figures 1, 5 and 6; it comprises the space equalizing devices 41 involved in the operation and the justification mechanism. Each of these devices, as shown, comprises a yoke 74 slidably mounted between and on the bars 22, each stirrup being solid on one side between the bars and slotted on the other to receive a vertically movable wedge 75 comprising a part forming a slider 76 having upper shoulders which normally rest on the caliper 74. The slider 76 moves freely in a vertical groove made in the caliper 74.

   All the wedges 75 and the saddles 76, as well as the stirrups 74 have the same size and the same shape; and the sliders and their wedges, with which they can be made integrally, are normally suspended freely on the brackets 74, so that the lower parts of the wedges

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 are at the same level.



   The mechanism for actuating the justification push rod 36 and the corner slides, includes means mounted between the side panels 20 and 21 and under the bars
22, which comprise a transverse frame 77 movable vertically and having vertical terminal holes through which pass vertical posts 78, the posts being fixed to the bars 22 and to their lower parts by means not shown. A bar 79, having terminal holes, is also mounted on the uprights 78 and rests on fixed lower supports.
80. Springs 81, placed on the uprights 78, serve to keep the cross frame 77 spaced from the bar 79. A rotating horizontal shaft 82 is mounted in bearings placed in the supports 80 and is operated by a motor 83.

   The ends of the shaft 82, located outside the support 80, are provided with similar fixed cams 84 "which come into contact with rollers 85 mounted on the ends of the bar 79.



   The transverse frame 77 is mounted directly below the member 36 and the hanging wedges 75, so that these members move between shoulders forming slides and slightly above the level of a horizontally movable plate 86, can slide longitudinally in the transverse frame
77 and having a terminal lip 86a directed upwards. The plate re
86 is provided with a rack, as is / shown, which is actuated by a pinion 87 mounted on the shaft of an electric motor 87a.



   Plate 86 is always below member 36, and its right end is positioned such that in composing a line of text, the first press of the spaces key moves plate 86 to the right. below the first wedge 75. This is accomplished by energizing an electromagnet 88 which operates a ratchet wheel attached to the pinion shaft.

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 87, as shown in more detail in FIG. 10. As the composition of the line progresses, the plate 86 comes to be placed under the successive corners 75 each time the space key is struck. The compound line may contain any number of spaces and when completed, plate 86 will have been advanced to the right under an equal number of corners 75.



   The mechanism for actuating plate 86 includes an electromagnet 88a which, as shown in Fig. 10, releases a retaining stop for the ratchet wheel, so that motor 87a can be actuated to return the plate back into place. its normal position, that is, where its right end is near the first corner 75.



   As the plate 86 is moved step by step to the right, the lip 86a passes under the corners 75.



   The justification of the line is effected by the operation of a justification key of the olavier, which energizes the motor 83 to turn the shaft 82 and the cams 84 to raise the transverse frame 77 as high as it can. go by moving the wedges 75 into their respective calipers. When wedges 75 are moved upward, they tend to move stirrups 74 to the right, and the last wedge will contact lip 86a to slide free-motion plate 86 so that the plate will be held under them. cons involved in the justification operation.



   The elevation of the cross frame 77 is stopped when the wedges separate the stirrups 74, until all of the space between the stirrups 37 and 38 is completely occupied.



   The cams 84 make a full turn so that when they raise the bar 79 to the maximum height, the springs 81 absorb the movement which cannot be by the transverse frame 77.



  At about the maximum point of the cams 84, a cam 89 mounted on the shaft 82 actuates a switch 90, which in turn provides-

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 current through the grounded electromagnets 30, 32 and 35 of the bar printing devices, as shown in Figure 4, to print the corresponding bars including the justification bar on the ribbon 24. When the cams 84 return to the minimum position shown in Figure 1, the member 36 and the wedges 75 fall back into the position shown.



   The motor 83 mounted on the shaft 82 is operated to make the cams 84 complete one revolution; thanks to the provision of a retaining or maintaining switch device for the motor, This device comprises a cam 89a concentric with the shaft 82 and having a notch in which the button of a safety switch is normally located. holdback 90a.



   The justification mechanism is operated in the manner described above by the operation of the justification key of the keyboard, which is represented schematically in FIG. 1 by the key 90b.



   When this key is struck, current is supplied by the circuit, as shown, to motor 83 which begins to rotate shaft 82 and, with it, cam 89a, thereby bringing the button of switch 90a into position. the closed position, so that when the key 90b is released by the operator, current is supplied, through the input of the switch 90a, to the motor 83 until the cams 89 and 9a pass a full turn and the button of the switch 90a enters the notch of the oame 89a and thus cuts off the current supply to the motor 83.



   During actuation of wedges 75, as described above, it will be noted that a space has been left between the words; therefore, if, for example, the line was 6 inches long and contained eleven spaces, and the composition would end so that the last letter would end up on the marginal line, bar, or mark made on the tape 24 by solenoid

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 35 would represent the normal "N" space assigned previously.

   If the last letter went beyond the marginal line, the corners 75 would not rise from the entire "N" space, but the eleven spaces or eleven corners would absorb an equal amount of this coverage and in the operation of Justification Solenoid 35 would print a bar representing a space slightly shorter than the normal width of the "N".



   If the last letter of the compound line was within the marginal line, i.e. if the caliper 37 was not moved the full length of the intended line, the corners 75 would be raised by a little more than the space of the entire "N" and the eleven spaces measured by caliper 38, and the extra space would be! absorbed evenly by all eleven corners, and in the justification operation the solenoid 35 would imprint on the tape a basas representing a space slightly longer than the normal width of the "N".



   In general, the wedges 75 are constructed relative to the other members mounted on the slides 22 such that they are raised about halfway for a normal "N" space, so that there will be ample room for using a larger or smaller space than normal when the line of text is justified. It will be understood that in the composition of any line of text, some of the right corners will not be used, and that they will have no effect on the justification of the line because the stirrups 74 inactively overlap the bars 22 between brackets 37 and 38.



    After a line of text has been composed and justified by the apparatus in the manner described above, the release key provided in the keyboard and shown in figure 10, is actuated in order to prepare the apparatus for the next line. . Figures 1 and 10 show the device in this released position, but after the composition of a line of text, the brackets 37 and 38

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 will be practically right.

   The release button, therefore, actuates the electromagnets 49 and 69 to release the brakes, so that the springs contained in the boxes 46 and 65 quickly return the corresponding calipers to their initial positions shown in the figure. 1, and operate a motor 91 and a clutch mechanism 92 to rotate the shaft 28 to move the tape 24 to the left the distance necessary to start the next line.



     We. will note that the sign imprinters act on a certain portion of the tape which moves step by step until the sign of the first character printed in a line can approach the position of the printout member. justification.



  The justification bar, line length bar, and type dimension bar, therefore, will appear on the ribbon before the particular line to which they apply, as shown on the left end of the ribbon. As these three printers are spaced apart, they can be operated simultaneously, as shown above.



   The tape will therefore be moved by the motor 91 a sufficient distance to leave the space necessary to print the justification, line length and type dimension bars after the next line itself is composed.



   The rotation of the shaft 28 to move the tape 24 the length of a full line or more is accomplished by a device for maintaining the current applied to the motor 91 until it makes one full revolution. . Gears or other means may be employed between the motor and shaft 28 so that the correct length of tape is advanced for one revolution of the motor.



   The mechanism as shown in the upper right-hand part in Figure 1, as well as in Figure 10, comprises, a cam 92a mounted concentrically on the motor shaft and

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 bearing a boss which opens a switch to turn off motor 91 after it has made a revolution.



   The current applied to the electromagnetic clutch 92 is also maintained by this switch so that they both cease to be energized when the boss of the cam 92a comes back in contact with the button of the switch after a full turn. .



  As explained above, the motor 91 is initially started by actuating the release key. This moves the boss of the cam 92a away from the hold switch. The motor 91 and the upper working part of the clutch 92 are completely disconnected from the shaft 28, except when the magnetic clutch 92 is energized.



   Actuation of the release key also energizes motor 87a to return plate 86 to its initial position, motor 87a being connected in par / allele with motor 91 and on switch, as described above, so that ample time is available for the recall of plate 86.



  At the same time as the release key energizes the electromagnets 49 and 69, it magnetizes the electromagnet 88a to release the stop of the roohet wheel mounted on the pinion shaft 87, so that the engine 87a can recall plate 86.



   A keyboard of a conventional type for typewriters may be employed to operate the mechanism according to the present invention, but it will of course include certain special keys and other special arrangements which are of considerable importance. As far as is known, the previously proposed dialing devices are not provided with a mechanism such that it is possible for the operator to see what he has already done. Therefore, the keyboard according to the present invention comprises as peculiarity a mechanism, and a layout thanks to which the operator can see at a glance exactly the character written by the last key pressed,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 
In figure 7 of the drawings,

   schematically shows the part of the keyboard and associated elements in which the mechanism is mounted in and on a frame or frame 93 in which keys 94 are usefully mounted as shown, the right keys being, preferably, the release key and other special keys, while the 95 and 96 keys represent the different letters of the alphabet. Although the normal arrangement of the keys of a typewriter is preferably followed, the keyboard itself advantageously includes word keys immediately in front of a separate letter key.

   For example, the 95 key may represent the letter "O", while the three word keys 97 immediately in front may represent the common words "on" "of" and "or", or other words from. three letters or more. Similarly, the word keys 98 represent different common words starting with the letter of the key 96. The usual space bar 99 is the space key and, of course, its position matches that of the bar. typewriter spacing. The keys, as discussed above, including the key or bar 99, are each simply a part of electrical switches which close circuits to perform the operations described above.



   A handle or hand button 100 carrying a needle or index pointing to a number scale is provided on the side of the frame 93 for choosing the desired type size. The button 100 is mechanically connected by conventional means not shown, to a positioning generator 101 of the Selsyn type, mounted on the side of the frame and connected by a three-wire system, as shown, to the three motors. positioning 74, 72 and 31, shown in Figures 1 and 2, to perform their functions as described above.



   Frame 93 also carries a Selsyn 102 generator provided with a button as shown to operate the motors.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 43 and 33 to adjust the line length as described above. A needle 103 at the front of the frame for mechanism 102 can be brought to the desired point on the scale, representing the desired length of line. The scale, as shown, includes only the numbers or numbers 4, 5, 6 and 7, representing the line length in inches in each case. It goes without saying that the scale can be longer and include other numbers or other scales of measurement. Mechanism 102 is driven by a three wire system, as shown, to motors 33 and 43.

   Such a positioning mechanism and its operation are generally understood by those skilled in the art and need not be described in detail.



   Other types of mechanism can be used to adjust line length measuring and printing devices as well as character size determining mechanisms.



   The rack-actuated positioning generator 45, as described above, is connected by a three-wire system, as shown in Figure 7, to a Selsyn positioning motor. 104 which operates a rack with pinion 105 and an indicator 105a, to record on the front face of the keyboard the proportion of line of text which has been measured and recorded on the tape. As the caliper 37 of Figure 1 is moved step by step, the indicator needle 1a% moves through the front panel of the keyboard frame in the same manner as for each character or space sign recorded on the tape. .



   Therefore, the operator can recognize at a glance when he has finished the line of text.



   At the same time as this operation is carried out, a contact spring mounted on the rack 105 successively engages a series of fixed contacts 106 representing the position of each character and of each space in the line. These contacts are wired to individual character wheels 107

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 climbs close together on a shaft crossing the frame of the typewriter and immediately behind a slot 108 forming a window. The electrical arrangement is such that when one of the contacts 106 is engaged with the contact spring of the rack 105, the corresponding character wheel 107 is actuated so as to reveal the character or space in question in the slot. 108, in the correct order in the line of text being composed.



   Consequently, the operator sees at a glance the character which he caused to be recorded on the tape, and if this character is wrong, he only needs to press the delete key which can, for example, , be the right 94 key of the keyboard - and the key of the character to be deleted, which causes the operations described above with regard to the cancellation of a character or sign registered by mistake.



   The character wheels 107 are shown only diagrammatically, but they are preferably individually illuminated by a small electric lamp so that the character which appears at the window slot 108 is easily brought to the attention of the user. the operator.



   After a line of text has been dialed, the operator may, if desired, read the entire line through window 108 before pressing the release key. Type wheels consist of small electric motors designed to be actuated by operating the keys on the keyboard so as to reveal the correct character. Each wheel 107 carries, on its periphery, all the letters of the alphabet as well as other characters such as numbers, signs of pregnancy and blanks for spaces.

   The character wheels may each include two or three parallel annular compartments; the periphery of one of these will bear the letters of the alphabet; that of the other, the numbers and the punctuation marks; and, in the case of a wheel with three compartments,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 the periphery of the third, other characters, if necessary. The periphery of the wheel compartment adjacent to the lettered section will have, next to any data, the number, punctuation mark or other character found on a particular key.



   The arrangement of the connections for the character wheels 107 is shown in the connection diagram of fig. 10.



  This is, necessarily, only a diagrammatic representation, and it will be understood that the contacts 106 can be connected by wire to a rotary switch for the actuation of the different wheels or the different compartments. instead of to the rack device 105. In any case, the arrangement is advantageously such that the correct character wheel is always operated regardless of the width of the letters or other characters used to compose a line of letters. text.



   Figure 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a circuit arrangement for some character keys and a word key taken as examples, and an arrangement for all special keys, such as the 1 space key, the delete key, etc. . It will be understood that the circuit diagram shows, in main order, only the wire connections associated with keys of the keyboard and not the connections / for some of the other mechanism, and that some of the letter keys, such as 95 and 96, shown in figure 7, include other characters, such as numbers and punctuation marks, and that when the operator wishes to write a number,

   it will first hit a special number key and the same applies to writing uppercase letters, bottom letters and italics.



   All the keys shown in figure 10 are

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 arranged in a vertical row to the left of the figure, and when a special key, such as a shift key, is actuated, the printing mechanism described above in connection with printing members 25 will print on the ribbon or web a corresponding sign. Each of the touohes arranged one above the other in Figure 10 is designated by its name.



   Figure 10 also includes a schematic representation of most of the motors and electromagnets shown in Figures 1 to 9 of the drawings, as described above, particularly when these elements are operated by keyboard keys. In the center of the circuit diagram is a rotary selector switch 108, which is of a conventional type of construction and is arranged to make many different connections. It may include a rotor or central movable member 109 or dial switch which is set to write the bottom letters of the case and the upper case letters, numbers and italics. Punctuation marks can be understood with the number picker.



   It is important to provide such a selector switch, because the different characters have different widths and therefore must be measured on different pegs 54 of the pin cylinder 53 shown in Figures 1 and 8. The switch -Selector 108 is, for this reason, connected by a three-wire system, as shown, to position motors 52 and 55, which are both grounded, as shown. The six grounded printing magnets, 26, numbered 1 through 6 respectively, shown in Figure 1, are shown at the top of the wiring diagram with their lead wires laid vertically.



   The circuit diagram shown in Figure 10 can be conveniently described in connection with a particular example of a dialing operation in which the particular line to

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 composer begins with the word "and" (and) in normal lower case characters. If it is assumed that the device has been released and that a "normal character" sign has been placed on the tape by a circuit such as that for italics, the down key of its s or lowercase letters is pressed. by the operator to connect two circuits to a vertical current lead 110 extending vertically through the circuit diagram / Immediately to the right of the keys.

   One of these circuits is common to the caps key, the number key and the italics key, and includes a wire 111 connected to a grounded electromagnet, 112, to operate a switch 113 which opens the circuit containing the switch 61, which is normally closed and which, as pointed out above, would actuate the electromagnet 62 and the latch to advance the tape 24 step by step to the left,
The operation of the key of the letters at the bottom of AC also passes current through a wire 114 to energize an electromagnet 115 (top right) which closes a three-switch relay, as shown.

   to supply current simultaneously to sign imprinting (or punching) magnets 26, numbered 2, 4 and 5, which is the sign of the lower case letters. A wire 116 connected to the lower end of wire 110 supplies current to switches operated by magnet 115.

   A wire 114 'connected to wire 114 supplies current to member 109 of selector switch 108 to put that switch in a position such that when a letter key is pressed, it will cause motors 52 and 55 to turn on. present the anchor suitable for the measurement of the lowercase letter. s
When the bottom letter key of ca has released, switch 113 closes, so that current is supplied to the jig mounted on shaft 28 to advance the tape one step towards the right. left.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 



   The next phase of the operation suggested above is the operation of the "A" key which is the upper key in figure 10. When it is actuated, current is supplied by the main current wire 110 through the 'One-solenoid key switch 117 for actuating a seven-switch relay 118, the switches being arranged in a row, to supply positive current through the first and second switch and a pair of wires 119 , respectively to electromagnets 26 numbered 4 and 5.

   The third and fourth switches 118 supply current through wires 120 to the selector switch 108 which is actuated to supply current through the position motors 52 and 55, so that they select the pin. measurement 54 s corresponding to the width of the bottom letter "a". The sixth switch 118 supplies current through a wire 121 to the character wheel 107 which is connected by its contact 106 to the grounded rack, 105, so that the letter "A" appears in the slot 108 of the figure. 7.



   The fifth switch 118 supplies current through a wire 122 to the left side of a polarized relay 123 and to ground, thereby closing a switch 124 and establishing a circuit for the supply and use of current when the "A" key is pressed. is released.



   The seventh switch of each of the letter "A", "N" and "D" keys, and a common lead wire 7a, form a circuit used when the delete key and then the key of the character to be deleted are operated.



   As soon as the "A" key is released by the operator, the magnet 117 ceases to be energized and the switches 118 come to occupy their normal positions; the fourth and fifth switches, as shown, then supply, through wires 125 and 126, current coming from main wire 110,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 wire 125 terminating at normally open switch 60 as also shown in Figure 10.

   Current through wire 126 arrives, passing through the switch. When closed, to the electrically actuated clutch 56 associated with the motor 57, which has separate connections and running, thereby moving the arm 58 shown in Figure 2 to bring the lever 51 into contact with the pin 54 correct for the letter ',
 EMI32.1
 r .l. ' "AT".



   The movement of the clutch arm 58 has the effect of opening the switch 61 and closing the switch 60, so that current is supplied, by the wire 125 and the switch 60, to the right side of the relay. polarized 123, thereby causing this relay to move to its opposite, normally closed position, to open switch 124 and close a switch 127, so that current is supplied through wire 110, a wire 128 and a switch 129 closed, through the wires shown, to the clutch 50 associated with the motor 46 shown in Figures 1 and 2.

   The opening of the switch 124 triggers the clutch 56 so that the spring associated with the arm 58 in FIG. 2 recalls this arm and closes the switch 61, which energizes an electromagnet 156 of the threading fixed on the shaft 28, as shown in Figure 10 and described below, to advance tape 24 one step to the left.



   Current through switch 61 is also supplied to electromagnet 62, which pulls hammer arm 51 towards! La. left in Figure 2, while the clutch 50 is engaged, thus turning the worm 40 sufficiently; ment to move the caliper 37 away from the stop 42 by the width of the letter "a". This movement of the caliper 37 obviously correlates with the simultaneous action of the positioning generator 45 and the actuation of the character wheel 107 suitable to make the letter "A" appear first.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 character of the compound line.



   Current through switch 127 is supplied from main current wire 110, through wire 128 and normally closed switch 129, to switch 127 to actuate clutch 50. Current through l Switch 127 as explained above, reaches clutch 50 immediately below it and, through wire 130, to the closed side of switch 131 and switch 61, now closed.



   Switch 131 is normally tilted in the closed position, as shown, and switches 61 and 113 are also normally in the positions shown so that current is always maintained by these switches, except during periods of time. momentary interruptions produced by the opening of switches 129, 127, 131, 61, and 113. Current is therefore normally maintained across clutch 50 and electromagnet 62 to keep lever 51 in contact. stop 63, and on the electromagnet 156 to keep lowered the ratchet bar 155 of the ratchet advancement of the tape step by step.



   When the "N" key is actuated, an electromagnet 132 actuates the seven adjacent switches 133 of a relay, in the same manner as that described above with respect to switches 118, the only difference being that a sign. different is printed on the ribbon. In this case, the first two switches send current through a pair of wires 134 to energize the printing magnets 26, numbered 1 and 5, which is the sign for "N", this sign being printed on the ribbon of the machine. manner described above in connection with the operation of the "A" key.



   When the "D" key is hit, an electromagnet 135 is energized to close the seven adjacent switches 136, to perform the same operations as those described for the switches 118. The first two switches provide power.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 running from wire 110, through a pair of wires 137, to printing magnets 26, numbered 3 and 5, which is the sign for "D".

   All the other operations and the connection wires are the same as those described above with regard to the operation of the "A" key, it goes without saying that the rack 105 moves successively from the character wheel showing "A "to the next character wheel which exposes" N "and to the next which exposes" D ".,
After having operated the mechanism to compose the word "and", the next phase consists in pressing the spaces key.



   When struck, current is supplied to an electromagnet 138, which actuates a relay comprising nine adjoining switches 139 to supply current from wire 110 to the! various parts of the apparatus as shown. The first, second and third switches supply current through the three wires connected 140 to the imprint magnets 26, numbered 2, 3 and 4, which is the "space" sign printed on the tape.



   The fourth of the switches 139 sends current through a wire 141 to all of the character wheels 107, so that the next wheel, which is grounded by the ratchet bar 105, exposes a blank to represent the espaoe. The fifth switch is connected by a wire 142 to wire 122 and therefore to polarized relay 123 to establish a circuit and perform the functions described above with respect to that relay.



  The fourth and fifth switches in their normal positions, as shown, when the space key is released, are connected by wires 143 and 144, respectively to wires 125 and 126 to supply current and perform the operations described above through About releasing the "A" key. These operations are also described)

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 in detail above with regard to Figures 1 to 3.



   The sixth switch actuated by the space key operation supplies current through a wire 145 to the electromagnet 88 which pulls down a ratchet bar 146 carrying a pawl 147 to actuate a wheel. ratchet 148 attached to pinion 87 or its shaft, which moves plate 86 shown in Figure 1. Pawl 147 is normally disengaged from roohet wheel 148 but is spring loaded so that when bar 146 is actuated the pawl engages the ratchet wheel. The swivel bar 146 can be brought into its normal position against a stopper by a spring, as shown.



   The seventh switch operated by the gap key is connected by wire 149 to a polarized relay 150, which closes a switch 151 to supply current from wire 128 to the electromagnetic clutch 67, which is energized to operate the screw without. end 39 to move the spacer caliper 38 to the right. While current is held on this clutch 67 by relay 150, after the spaces key has been released, current is supplied by wires 144 and 126 and switch 124 to electromagnet 73, which pulls arm 70 down, thereby rotating worm 39 to move caliper 38 by one; space to the right.



   Note that the clutch 56 is connected in parallel with the electromagnet 73 and that it will be energized to cause the operations described above to move the caliper 37 from the normal "N" space to the right. . When switch 60 is closed by actuation of clutch 56, current is supplied through a lead wire 152 to the opposite side of the thus polarized relay 150 and to ground, opening the switch 151. The relay 123 is switched on. also moved as described above.



   The eighth and ninth switches 139 of the space key connect to the side of the selector switch 108 for

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 control the choice of the correct space peg by actuating motors 52 and 55. When the space key is released, switches 4 and 5 in their normal position energize various parts of the apparatus as described. above for the "A" key.



   Each time a punctiform sign or a combination of dots is printed on the tape 24, the latter is moved one space to the left by the actuation of a right toothed wheel 154 attached to the lower end. of shaft 28, as shown in Figure 1. The arrangement is shown more fully in Figure 10 in which a pawl for operating the ratchet wheel 154 is hinged to a swivel bar 155 below it. -oi and is pulled against a stop by the action of a spring mounted on it. The bar 155 is also pulled against a stopper by a spring and is actuated by an electromagnet 156 connected in parallel with the electromagnet 62 through the switch 113.

   Current is normally maintained on the electromagnet 156, so that the bar 155 is kept lowered in the position shown in Figure 10.



   It will be noted that in all the operations which involve the displacement of the tape one step to the left, the circuit is first interrupted by the opening of one or more of the switches leading to the wire 128. The shaft 28 is not connected directly to clutch 92, but the end of the shaft carries a disc which spins freely with the shaft and is employed as part of the clutch mechanism when clutch 92 is energized, like this will be explained later.



   (and)
The word "and" / can be coded onto tape 24 by the connection arrangement shown in Figure 10 without the individual keys for each letter being operated.



  The "and" key which is shown immediately below

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 of the spaces key illustrates how the mechanism works in writing various common words. The "and" key includes a double switch so that when the key is depressed, current is supplied through a wire 157 to an electromagnet 158 which pulls an insulated arm 159, counter to the action of the "and" key. a spring attached to this arm, to the left on three contacts, as shown, which are connected respectively to the electromagnets 117, 132 and 135 of the "A", "N" and "D" keys. The arm 159 comes to rest on the contact for the "A" key, and as soon as the "and" key is released;

  , current is supplied by wire 160 and arm 159 to the magnet of the "A" key, so that all of the operations described above in connection with the actuation of the "A" key are accomplished.



   When the electromagnet 158 ceases to be excited when the "and" key is released, the arm 159 begins to move to the right, passing over the three contacts successively, but its speed is slowed down by a dash-pot 161 mounted on an extension of the shaft of the electromagnet 158. The electromagnets 117, 132 and 135 are, therefore, successively magnetized and demagnetized so that the signs agreed for the letters "a" , "n" and "d", are applied successively to the tape 24.



   The keys for capital letters, numbers and italics placed immediately above the letter s bottom key operate devices similar to that operated by the bottom key. Keys can be provided for other styles of types such as a normal type key, of which the italics key with its circuit is an example. As a result, all these keys are connected: to wire 111 in order to actuate the electromagnet 112 to open the switch 113 and release the snap bar 155.

   The operation of the capitals key also supplies current f through a wire 162 to an electromagnet 163 which closes a relay of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

      three switches associated with it, to supply current from wire 116 to sign printing magnets 26, numbered 1, 4 and 5, which is the sign for the caps key. A wire 164 connected to wire 162 leads to rotor 109 of the selector switch to establish a capitalization position. Releasing the capitals key allows switch 113 to close and actuate electromagnet 156 to move the tape one step.



   When the number key is hit, current is supplied through a wire 165 to an electromagnet 166 which closes a three switch relay associated with it, thereby supplying current from the wire 116 to the sign printing magnets 26, numbered 1, 3 and 4, which is the amplified signal before pressing a key to print a digit sign or a series of digit signs / on the ribbon. Wire 165 is connected by branch wire 167 to rotor 109 of the selector switch to set the switch to the position for measurement of digit widths. Releasing the number key allows switch 113 to close so that the tape advances one step.



   When the italics key is pressed, current is supplied by a wire 168 to an electromagnet 169 which closes two switches associated therewith, to supply current from the wire 116 to the printing magnets of the signs 26, numbered 2 and 4, what is the sign or signal for italics. At the same time, a branch wire 170 supplies current from wire 168 to the rotor 109 of the selector switch to position it for measurement of italic letters. Releasing the italics key allows switch 113 to close so that the ribbon is moved one step to the left.



   The delete key shown immediately below the "and" key in Fig. 10 is actuated after the operator hits a character key in error. While the functions of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 have been described above in connection with the removal of a character sign.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 ter, the circuits involved are shown in FIG. 10; it goes without saying that in order to delete the character of a key which has been typed by mistake, it will be necessary to actuate this key again together with the operation of the delete key.



  In general, character deletion is accomplished by reversing the order of succession in which some of the mechanisms are operated from that employed in the case of normal operation of the particular character key.



   Assuming, for example, that the "A" key was pressed in error and the corresponding sign was printed on the tape, exposed on one of the type wheels and measured by caliper 37, the suppression is struck to send current from wire 110, through wire 171, to energize electromagnets 172 and 173, the latter moving the switch elements of switch 131 to release bar 155. The electromagnet 172 moves five switch elements of one relay to the left. Movement of the fifth element opens switch 129, thereby cutting off the current normally supplied to wire 128 by switch 127.

   The first and second elements connect wires 141 and 7a, so that current will be supplied to character wheels 107 when the "A" key is hit to supply current through wire 7a. The third and fourth switch elements connect wire 122 to the left side of a polarized relay 174, so that when the "A" key is pressed, current will be supplied not only to the polarized relay 123, in order to to close switch 124, but also, via the same wire 122, to relay 174, in order to close a switch 175.



   As soon as the delete key has been hit, and while held down, the "A" key is actuated to supply current to relay 123 and, by switch elements 3 and 4 actuated by magnet 172, to the polarized relay 174 to close 1! switch 175. This last switch is directly connected

 <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

 to the cutting supply line 128 so that current is supplied immediately to engage the clutch 50 and, through wire 130, switch 131 and wire 176, to an electromagnet 177 actuating a snap.

   The operation of this magnet attracts downwards a bar 178 carrying a spring-loaded oliquet to rotate a ratchet wheel 179 by one step. the upper right part of Figure 1, to move the ribbon step by step to the right. The oliquet of the bar 178 is normally disengaged from the chain wheel, so that the tape can easily be moved in the opposite direction by the means described above.



   A switch 180 is associated with the bar 178 so that by the time the bar has been pulled down approximately describing its full travel, it brings the switch element against a contact connected to the wire. 176, so that current is supplied from wire 176, through wire 181, to the stamping magnet, 26, numbered 6, which is separately grounded and applied a blanking sign represented by a single point immediately below the sign to be deleted, ie the sign for "A". Current supplied to wire 176 is sent simultaneously by wire 181 aa to an electromagnet 181b which opens a normally closed switch interposed in the earth circuit of the sign application magnets, 26, numbered 1 to 5, so not to reapply the sign of the character being deleted.



   After the clear key and "A" key have been hit and released, bias relay 174 holds switch 175 closed and clutch 50 engaged until after actuation of clutch 56, which is excited when the "A" key is released.



   When the clutch arm 56 moves the lever 51 and caliper 37 one step to the left and also closes the switch

 <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 60, current will be supplied, through switch 60 and a lead wire 182, to the right side of bias relay 174 to pull open switch 175 and thereby disengage clutch 50.



  Current from wire 125 through switch 60 also changes relay 123 to open switch 124 and close switch 127 so that electromagnets 62 and 156 will be energized.



  Ribbon 124 is moved one step to the left.



   During these operations, the clutch 50 is demagnetized before the magnet 62 is energized to pull the lever 51 to its normal position. It will be understood that the motors 52 and 55 are actuated by the operation of the "A" key such that the lever 51 comes into contact with the correct peg, which is measured in this case by the movement of the lever from its stop to 'at the ankle. In this particular case, the cylinder with pins will not be set in motion because the deleted character sign was the last sign recorded on the tape.



   The release key is the key shown at the very bottom of Figure 10, and, when struck, current is supplied from wire 110, through wire 183, to the mechanism shown near the lower right corner of the figure. Wire 183 is connected to clutch 92 and motor 91, also shown in Fig. 1 and used to advance tape 24 enough to disengage the apparatus from the compound line on the tape by rotating shaft 28. However, this operation does not take place until the supply of current to the electromagnet 156 is interrupted, so that the peel bar 155 is released. This is done by opening a switch interposed in the wire, connecting the magnets 62 and 156, opening caused by an electromagnet 184 connected to the wire 183 by a branch wire 183a.



   When the motor 91 begins a revolution, the boss of the cam 92a allows the switch 92b to close, thus ensuring the application of a holding current to the motor 91 and 4 em-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 42>

 clutch 92.



   Wire 183 also supplies current through a connecting wire 185 to the brake release magnets 49 and 69, shown in Figure 1, thereby triggering the clock springs contained in boxes 46 and 65, so that the caliper 37 is brought rapidly into contact with the stop 42, and the caliper 38 is moved rapidly until it comes into contact with the head 39a, as shown in FIG. 1. The current supplied by the pipe 185 Also actuates the electromagnet 88a which, as shown, releases a stopper of the ratchet wheel 148, so that the motor 87a, simultaneously energized, can rotate the pinion 87 and return the plate 86 to its position of. initial departure.

   Current is also supplied from wire 183 through branch wire 183b to electromagnet 186, which closes an associated switch, to supply current from wire 128 to wire 141 leading to character wheels 107, so that all the wheels are brought to white or space when the caliper 37 moves to its stop 42.



   After the release key has been released, the hold switch 92b maintains current applied to the electromagnets 49,69, 88a, 184 and 186, to the clutch 92 and to the motors 91 and 87a long enough for the cam 92a makes a complete revolution, and to allow the actuation of the necessary equipment. Current flows from wire 116 and returns through wire 183 to clutch 92 and magnets 184 and 186 after the release key has been released.



   When the cam opens the switch 92b, all the electromagnets and the motors just mentioned cease to be excited,
The device is now ready to start composing a new line of text.



   In the operation of the apparatus as described more

 <Desc / Clms Page number 43>

 top, it is evident that the caliper 38 plus the wedge devices assembled against it mark the right margin for any line to be dialed when the apparatus is in its disengaged position, shown in figure 1. If, in the composition of a line, the stirrup was not moved and if the completed line was just the desired length, stirrup 37 would just contact the first wedge device. Any change in line length is by therefore effected by the adjustable stopper located to the left of the caliper 37.



   When composing certain lines of text, such as two or three words at the end of a paragraph, a considerable part of the line will not be occupied by text. This part will be filled by a process analogous, to a certain extent, to that currently employed, ie by the use of ingots or block lines the width of one m to complete the line. This is done, for example, by mounting the connections of the apparatus so that the digit key is actuated, after which the operator actuates the "M" key to measure the ingots. When the end of the line is reached, the justification key is operated in the usual way, so that the composed part of the line will be justified correctly.

   The printing apparatus will naturally print an "ingot" sign on the ribbon for each "ingot".



   The tape or tape used to make the recording can be of any desired width and indeed it can be relatively wide.



   However, it is advantageous to make it of a clear washable plastic material so that the dots or other imprinted marks can be easily washed off and the tape can be reused. Vellum, clear cellulose, or other film material can be used so that in the camera light can be projected through the tape and the various signs and bars.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 44>

      can be read by the sign reading or exploration device.



   The dots or punched holes constituting the signs such as those shown on the tape in Figure 1 and employed for the various characters may correspond to similar sign systems previously employed or any desired pattern; can be used but it goes without saying that the strikethrough signs, some of which, for example, the justification or space bar, may vary in length from line to line, are an actual measure of space or represent that measurement. In the use of the recording tape, the bar-shaped sign indicating the type size is employed to actuate a mechanism associated with the camera, so that it is tuned to give the size. desired type sion.

   It will be understood that the recording tape i includes an agreed sign for each space and when this sign operates the reproduction apparatus, the space is measured according to the length of the justification bar for that particular line of text.



   Although the justification sign is represented in the form of a bar, this can advantageously be accompanied by a point or a punched sign as a control means to cause the operation of the mechanism for measuring the spaces of the camera.



   The electromagnets 26 can be used to punch signs into the recording tape or tape instead of printing dots thereon, and a larger number than that shown can be used to take care of the signs. containing more than five dots or to apply other control signs below the normal character signs.



   It is believed that up to nine positions of vertically spaced control signs can be employed. The apparatus has been described with regard to the application of a line length sign

 <Desc / Clms Page number 45>

 to the ribbon.



   This, however, is not necessary since the line length is determined by the position of member 42 which determines the free space between stirrups 37 and 38 in their starting positions.



   Consequently, the keyboard is set by this length and the camera reproduces the same length without the intervention of a sign.



   The keypad can be provided with a signaling bell in addition to the component 103 so that the operator knows without looking when the end of the line is approaching. However, the operator will usually follow the character wheels 103, which are small Selsyn DC motors. The apparatus is arranged to be operated by direct current, and most of the electrically operated elements and mechanisms employed in the apparatus can be purchased commercially.



   The camera for making use of the recording tape prepared in accordance with the present invention includes certain mechanisms which are similar to those described above. For example, the mechanism for measuring characters may be essentially the same, so that a pin cylinder and associated apparatus are employed to move the photographic negative the width of the particular character to be photographed.



   The foregoing description will enable those skilled in the art to readily understand that certain modifications can be made in the connection arrangements illustrated by the drawings and that the construction of the mechanisms can also be changed or employed in a different form.



   These changes and modifications are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.


    

Claims (1)

CLAIMS ' 1. An apparatus for producing a tape recording of a justified line of text of predetermined length in which the characters and spaces of the line of text are represented by agreed signs, characterized in that it comprises takes a track carrying elements of adjustable position, an automatic mechanism actuated by keys and comprising an electric circuit for recording successively on the tape; the agreed signs representing the characters and spaces of the line and for successively moving an adjustable positional element on said lane a distance corresponding to the width of each of the successive characters and the width of a normal space for each of the spaces in the line of text, said automatic mechanism comprising means for separately moving a second adjustable position element on said track in the same direction as the first to measure separately thereon a width double the normal width for each row space, a mechanism operated by an e key to divide the total distance of the spaces measured separately on the track plus any excess or deficit in the row measured by the number of spaces in the row, thereby determining the exact width for the spaces of the text line, and a mechanism actuated by said key actuated divider mechanism for recording on the tape a symbol representing that space width in association with the agreed signs for. the line of text considered. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said automatic mechanism actuated by keys comprises a device determining the character width for each character and a second device associated with the first for controlling the movement, on the track, of the. Adjustable Position element used to measure characters. 3. An apparatus according to claim 1; characterized <Desc / Clms Page number 47> in that said automatic key-actuated mechanism comprises a cylinder on which protrudes pegs of different lengths corresponding to the width of the various characters to be employed in the composition of the line of text and of the motor-driven devices for controlling the reading. positioning of said cylinder for each character. 4. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the track carries a pair of adjustable position elements initially set in positions such that they are separated by a free space equal to the length of the line, and in that that said key-operated mechanism moves said elements in the same direction. 5. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a separate key for the spaces, an electrically actuated mechanism in operative relation with this key to move the two aforesaid elements on the track and in the same direction. each time the space key is pressed. 6. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic key actuated mechanism comprises an electrical circuit associated with the means for recording the signs of the characters and spaces on the recording tape and with the means. used to move the adjustable position elements on the track. 7. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the total space divider mechanism comprises a series of wedge devices carried by the way between the adjustable position members and means for choosing a wedge device for each space. of the text line. 8. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the key operated mechanism for dividing the total distance of the spaces comprises a series of wedge devices carried by the way between said adjustable position members, means for choosing. a corner device for each space in the line of text, means for moving, equally, the selected corner devices, to completely occupy the free space. <Desc / Clms Page number 48> bre between said elements (Se adjustable position and thereby dividing the total free space between the adjustable position elements by the number of wedge devices chosen and means associated with the means for actuating said wedge devices to indicate the width d 'resulting space for each space in the text line. 9. An electrically actuated apparatus for the production of a recording on tape bearing signs or representations characterized in that agreed upon a line of text, that it comprises a keypad of keys actuating switches among which there are character keys, a spaces key, a justification key and a deletion key, an actuated mechanism! electrically by the character keys for successively recording on the recording tape agreed signs representing the characters of the operated keys and for advancing the recording tape step by step, an electrically operated mechanism which is controlled using the spaces key to save; a space sign on said recording tape, a mechanism electrically actuated by the delete key for moving said recording tape back and forth step by step and for recording on the recording tape a deletion mark near the sign of the character to be deleted. 10. An apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the mechanism operated electrically by the character keys comprises a channel for measuring the widths of the various characters and the normal spaces of a line of text, a pair of elements of adjustable position mounted on said track and set; initially each in a position such that they are separated by a free space equal to the line length, and means actuated, when a character key is operated, to move one of said adjustable position elements to the other element of adjustable position, over a distance corresponding to the character width of the particular key pressed. <Desc / Clms Page number 49> 11. An apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the electrically actuated mechanism which is controlled by the spaces key comprises means for moving the other of said adjustable position members away from the member positioned by the maneuver of 'a character key, a distance corresponding to the normal space width when pressing the spaces key. 12. An apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that a plurality of space dividing devices are mounted on the path between said adjustable position members, and in that there is provided means actuated by the space key. to choose one of said devices for each operation of a space key in a line of text. 13. An apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the electrically actuated mechanism controlled by the character keys comprises a relay for selecting the suitable sign to be recorded on the recording tape and a branch circuit comprising a relay. polarized through which current is supplied to advance the recording tape stepwise. 14. An apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the mechanisms operated by the character keys and by the delete key comprise electrical circuits for supplying current for the movement of the recording tape, while the circuit of delete key comprises means for interrupting the portion of the character key circuit which serves to supply current to the means for advancing the recording tape. 15. An electrically operated apparatus for producing a tape recording bearing agreed signs or representations of a line of text, characterized in that it comprises a keypad of keys operating switches, these comprising character keys, an electrically controlled actuated mechanism <Desc / Clms Page number 50> by the character keys to suocessively record on the recording tape agreed signs representing the characters of the keys operated and to advance the tape step by step, character exposure devices on the keyboard, and 'means simultaneously actuated by the character keys for controlling the exposure devices to make visible to the operator the characters of the actuated keys. 16. An apparatus for producing a justified line of text and comprising a mechanism for measuring the widths of characters employed in the line of text, characterized in that it comprises, in combination, a frame or frame, a mounted measuring bar. on the frame; a pair of spaced, adjustable position members mounted on the bar, said members each being initially placed in a position such that there remains between them a free space equal to the length of the desired line of text, a mechanism for moving one of said members step by step towards the other member for measuring the widths of the characters used in the text line, said mechanism comprising a worm mounted parallel to said bar and screwed into the first of said members, 'an arm or lever associated with an end portion of said endless via and arranged to rotate said worm, a device for causing said arm to describe a predetermined arc so as to thereby rotate said worm and move the first of said worm organs over a predetermined distance on said bar, and a device for varying the arc described by said arm in accordance with the character width to be measured on said bar. 17. An apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that said arm is connected to the end part of said worm screw by a clutch mechanism by which said worm screw can be caused to rotate in one direction, and in that that a brake is associated with the worm to retain it in the position in which said arm has made it rotate. 18. An apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in <Desc / Clms Page number 51> that said arm is mounted to move between a stopper and a mechanism for varying the arc that said arm can describe, said mechanism comprising a cylinder, supporting the protrusion, vertical and horizontal rows of pegs with which said arm is intended to come into contact, and means for bringing a predetermined peg into a position such that said arm can be brought into contact with it, in accordance with the width of the character to be measured on said bar. 19. An apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the device for determining the arc described by said arm comprises a cylinder having, projecting, vertical and horizontal rows of pins, a device for actuating said cylinder. pegs so as to bring a predetermined peg into a position such that said arm can be brought into contact with it, and a clutch mechanism between said arm and the end portion of said worm. 20. An apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that it contains an electrical circuit comprising a mechanism actuated by a key, said mechanism containing an electrical circuit serving to move said arm and to determine the arc that this arm describes. during this trip. 21. An apparatus for producing a justified line of text and containing a mechanism for measuring the widths of the characters employed in the line of text, characterized in that it comprises, in combination, a frame or sash, a mounted bar. on the frame, an adjustable position member carried by the frame, a mechanism for moving said member step by step through the frame over successive distances corresponding to the widths of the characters and spaces of the line of text, said mechanism comprising a screw endless screwed into said member, an arm associated with an end part of said endless screw and arranged to rotate the latter, a device for pivoting <Desc / Clms Page number 52> ter said arm following a predetermined arc to cause, in this way, rotating said worm and moving said member a predetermined distance, and a device for varying the arc that said shaft describes by rotating in accordance with the widths of characters and spaces in the text line. 22. An apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that an electromagnetic clutch is mounted between said arm and said worm, and in that an electric device is provided for moving said arm along its arc, and a control device comprising an electric circuit for energizing the first of said clutches and then said electric device. 23. An apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the device for varying the arc comprises a cylinder mounted near said arm and having protruding pins of different lengths, and a motor device actuated by said device. control to put a predetermined ankle in a position such that said arm can be brought into contact with it and then to energize the electrical device serving to move said arm. 24, An apparatus for producing a justified line of text and comprising a mechanism for measuring the widths of characters and spaces employed in the line of text to effect justification thereof, characterized in that it comprises, in combination, a frame or frame, a measuring bar mounted on the frame, a pair of adjustable positionally spaced members mounted on the bar, said members each being initially placed in a position such that they are separated by a free space equal to the length of the desired line of text, a mechanism for moving said members step by step in the same direction on the bar to measure the widths of characters and spaces of the line of text by the organ which is moved to the other organ and spaces only by the other organ, said mechanism comprising for each member a mounted worm screw <Desc / Clms Page number 53> in alignment with said bar parallel thereto and screwed into the member to which it corresponds, an arm associated with the outer terminal part of each worm screw and arranged to rotate it, and a device serving to causing each arm to describe a predetermined arc so that it rotates its worm and moves the member mounted on it over a predetermined distance along said bar. 25. An apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that said bar is mounted in a substantially horizontal position and a plurality of wedge devices are carried by it between said members, said apparatus being further characterized. by a space measuring bar of the justified line mounted parallel to said wedge devices, by a movable plate mounted under said space measuring bar and slidable in said wedge devices, by a device for bringing said plate under a device to corner for each space of the text line together with the movement of the adjustable position member which is away from the other member, and by a device for raising said plate, said selected wedge devices and said gauge bar spaces to occupy the space between said adjustable position members after the line of text has been composed. 26. An apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that a plurality of wedge space dividing devices are mounted on said bar between said adjustable position members, said apparatus being further characterized by a device for selecting a device. corner for each space of the line of text, by a device for operating said corner devices after dialing a line simultaneously and also for completely occupying the free space remaining between said adjustable position members, divided thus the said remaining space by the total number of spaces <Desc / Clms Page number 54> of the text line, and by a device for indicating the resulting space width. 27. An apparatus according to claim 24, oaractérisé 'in that the mechanism for moving said members comprises an electrical circuit activated by a key, an electromagnetic clutch between each arm and its worm, and a circuit device. for magnetizing said clutches, said circuit including an electromagnet for moving each arm. 28. An apparatus for producing a tape recording of a justified line of text of predetermined length in which the characters and spaces of the line of text are represented by agreed signs, characterized in that it comprises, in combination, a measuring bar carrying a pair of spaced stirrups each initially placed in a position such that they are separated by a free space equal to the length of the line, an automatic mechanism actuated by keys and including an electric circuit for successively recording on the tape the agreed signs representing the characters and spaces employed in the line of text and for successively moving a stirrup along said bar a corresponding distance the width of each of the successive characters and the width of a normal space for each of the spaces in the line of text, a space key, an automatic mechanism actuated by the space key and comprising a device for move the other stirrup on the bar in the same direction as the first to measure separately on it a width double the normal width for each space used in the line, a key operated mechanism for dividing the remaining free space between the stirrups by the number of spaces in the line after the line of text has been composed, thereby determining the exact width of the spaces in the line of text, and a mechanism which is controlled by the key operated mechanism for dividing the aforesaid free space in order to record on <Desc / Clms Page number 55> the stripe a symbol representing that width of spaces in association with the signs agreed upon for the particular line of text. 29. An apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that there is provided a delete key, an electrical circuit for this key comprising a device for applying a deletion sign to the tape near a character to be deleted and a device for moving the first stirrup away from the other by the width of the character to be deleted. 30. An apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that there is provided a key actuated mechanism for releasing said stirrups after a line of text has been dialed, and a spring mechanism for returning said stirrups back into. their initial positions spaced apart. 31. In particular but not limited to, the apparatus for the production of a justified line of text as described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. "Machine for composing text in or on a recording tape or tape". We would like to point out that the text of the description filed in support of the above patent application has the following errors: Page 7.line 10, after "8-8" add "in Figure 1; Page 12, line 14 , replace "to the left" by "to the right". page 14, lines 6,7 and 8 delete and replace with the following: "killed by the displacement of an extended arm by a measuring device 51 in the form of a anvil and attached to the clutch 50 ". Page 17, line 5 from the bottom, replace "to the left" with "to the right". On page 18, lines 11 and 12, replace "electromagnetic clutch energization 67" with "electromagnet energization 69". On page 19, line 20, replace "runner shoulders" with "side shoulders". Page 22, lines 3 and 4, replace, "but the eleven spaces or eleven corners would absorb ..." with, "but each of the eleven spaces or eleven corners would absorb ...". Page 23, line 2 from the bottom, replace "from right in figure 1", pa "from left in figure 1". <Desc / Clms Page number 57> On page 25, line 14, replace "words * of three letters or more" with "words of two, three letters or more". line 20, delete "each". Page 26, line 3, at the beginning, delete "102". line 8, replace "Mechanism 102 is connected" with "Generator 102 is connected". Page 29, line 5, replace "Each of the keys ...." by "The various keys ....". line 6, replace "is designated by name" with "are designated by name". Page 32, line 4 from the bottom, replace "the letter" a "" with "the letter" A "". On page 44, lines 10 and 11, replace "is an actual measure of space or represents this measure" with "as an actual measure of space or represents this measure". We kindly ask you to place this letter of amendment in the application file and to issue a copy to persons wishing to obtain a complete copy of the patent. Herein, we give you the sum of Frs 15, - in fiscal stamps, in payment of the tax provided for the adjustments of the species. We present to you. Gentlemen, the assurance of our highest consideration,