BE571492A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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   The present invention relates to composing machines and in particular to machines of this type making it possible to obtain photographic compositions by means of a keyboard or automatically by means of a perforated control strip, the resulting composition being able to be obtained. easily transferred to various types of printing presses in order to make an unlimited number of copies,
In the present description "composition" can be defined as the preparation of letterpress material the quality and variety of which approaches or exceeds that of conventional typesetting machines such as linotypes or monotypes and which is ideally suited for printing newspapers. , magazines, catalogs and directories as well as for work.

   With regard to the objects of the invention, this expression also implies a degree of flexibility comparable to that of these known machines from the point of view of the type of characters, their dimensions or bodies, the mixture of types in. the same line of composition, the possibility of making compositions in special characters, etc ...



   Known typesetting machines produce letterpress compositions by fusing metal characters either as single characters or as block lines. This molding is necessarily a very complex operation and the complexity of this work and the precision required to make perfect castings weigh heavily on the cost of construction and installation as well as on the maintenance costs of the mold. these machines. The precision parts of these require continual care and adjustment, especially since a large number of them work in contact with molten metal, which requires daily cleaning and other operations. 'interview.



   The character sets or sets for these machines are very expensive, as each character requires a precision three-dimensional mold.



   In addition to the installation and maintenance costs of these enormous machines, the operating costs are also high because the typographer can only operate their keyboards slowly, compared to the typing speed on a typewriter keyboard. modern electric machine and it is generally agreed that the speed of an electric typewriter is twice that of a linoleum or monotype.



   For many years now, the graphic arts industry has been aware of these drawbacks and the urgency of developing a rapid method of composition has given new impetus to research aimed at achieving: faster composition systems , some of which have turned to the production of photographic compositions.

   However, these attempts have so far brought no solution with regard to speed and cost and while they succeed in eliminating the need for hot molding of characters, the machines produced remain at a cost price. very high and costly to maintain and operate;. they are large and bulky from a function-; slow and do not allow easy correction of errors, or reproduction in different body eyes or at different line spacing.



   In summary, it can be said that the object of the present invention is to provide a typographic machine and typographic system remarkable for its low cost price, reduced operating and maintenance costs, simplicity of construction and control. the machine, its aptitude for rapid changes of type types, its rapid operation and ease of use which enables any typist and not just a trained typographer to operate it. translates into labor savings.



   According to an essential and unique feature, the invention relates to a letterpress compositor which constitutes the main machine used to produce photographic compositions, which machine not only has approximately the dimensions and the general shape of an electric typewriter.

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 current construction, but also has substantially the same functional characteristics as these machines with regard in particular to the high striking speed and the electric advance of the carriage.

   Furthermore, the machine which forms the essential apparatus of the new system according to the invention derives for a large part in its operation and control from justification typewriters, operating either by means of a keypad, either by means of a perforated strip in code, being the subject of the following American patents of Edwin 0. Blodgett: N 2,700,421 of October 13, 1950, 2,700,445 of October 13, 1950, 2,700,446 of October 13, 1950 and 2,700,447 of October 13, 1950. These patents relate to the preparation of substantiated typewritten copies and not to compositions suitable for use in high-quality prints such as can be produced by the best printing presses. printing press currently in use.

   However, as basic examples of useful elements, mechanisms and circuits, some of the descriptions of these patents have been incorporated herein in general in detail. The various modifications to the mechanisms and circuits, changes in structure, assembly and operation and any other additions or alterations will be described in detail as the description and other purposes progress. The advantages of the invention will emerge, in particular as regards the provision of a new optical system, the addition of new circuits for the successive actuation of the selection of characters, of the change of characters and of the exposure. , as well as the new and ingenious construction of the various active parts.



   In its preferred embodiments, the invention provides a camera, constructed and arranged to conform approximately to the dimensions of a conventional electric typewriter, this installation obviously comprising a light source and an optical system comprising lenses and lenses. a shutter, and, preferably also two groups of movable reflectors, such as prisms. An easily interchangeable plate disc is rotatably mounted on the frame of the composer in order to present the characters to be photographed.

   This disc is preferably made of a transparent plastic material on which is applied an opaque material which is removed along the contours of the letters thus made visible by transparency; in other words, the disc itself has the appearance of a photographic negative.



   One or more alphabets of lowercase and capital characters, and preferably at least two contrasting types, are provided on the disc and the disc rotates and stops at the desired point to present the chosen character to the optical system at each cycle photographic recording of a typographical character. The presence on the disc of several groups of identical characters arranged in an arc of a circle makes it possible to increase the speed of positioning or wedging of the disc, which constitutes an important aim of the invention.



   The film on which the composition is to be printed is supplied to the machine in the form of a roll enclosed in a light-tight housing supported by the movable carriage of the machine. A new escape mechanism allows the film to be moved successively in front of the light beam of the camera in order to obtain the width, the spacing between the words and the justification desired and a new leading mechanism advances the film. film vertically as needed.



   Improved devices, mechanisms and circuits are provided in the machine according to the invention, among which should be mentioned in particular the compound escapement intended to automatically produce a variable chase, the means for introducing a certain delay in the circuits. to ensure the successive correct operation of the various elements, new character selection devices, control cams and many other devices that contribute to the efficiency, precision and speed of machine to produce a perfect composition.

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   The new composer according to the invention can be provided with a device for spacing by units, compatible with that of the characters of the machines! Proportional-spacing typewriter, which facilitates line-by-line reproduction of original typing text provided it was typed on a proportional-spacing typewriter.



   In a preferred embodiment, the installation according to the invention uses a perforated strip in code which is essentially compatible with a wire transmission installation by "Teletype", with equipment for transmitting information by wire, with automatic typewriter equipment and with punch card systems; and can be combined with such systems whenever remote dialing is required.



   The description which will follow with reference to the appended drawing, given by way of non-limiting example, will make it clear how the invention can be implemented, the particularities which emerge both from the drawing and from the text forming, of course, part of said invention.



   Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a register for producing the typewritten proof of text and a perforated code strip for operating the novel composer of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the composer according to the invention;
Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view showing a perforated control tape which, for clarity of the drawing, is supposed to pass directly from the register, where it has been perforated according to the appropriate code to the tape drive of the composer;
Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the main organs of the two machines and which shows their cooperation;
Fig. 5 is a front elevational view, more specifically along line 5-5 of FIG. 7, of the new composter, part of the casing being removed to show some of the main elements;

   
Fig. 6 is a side view taken from the left of FIG. 5;
Fig. 7 is a similar view taken from the right of FIG. 5;
Fig. 8 is a view from below of the composer in which certain new or old features have been deleted or represented in the form of blocks, in order to highlight several other essential elements;
Fig. 9 is a schematic elevational view of the rear part of the composter according to the invention;
Fig. 10 is a plan view of a cliché disc which constitutes an important element of the present invention, this disc being shown naked, bearing alphabetic characters or carefully drawn signs but not being provided with the various elements necessary for its assembly and its order;
FIG, 11 is an enlarged partial view of the edge of the image disc of FIG. 10;

   
Fig. 12 is a plan view on a slightly reduced scale of a complete plate disc;
Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are partial sections respectively taken along lines 13-13, 14-14 and 15-15- of FIG. 12;
Fig. 16 is a vertical section through the central part of the composition, taken by line 16-16 of FIG. 5;
Fig. 17 is a diametrical section of one of the film magazines, taken through line 17-17 of FIG. 16;

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Fig. 17A is a section on a larger scale of the right-hand end of the magazine of FIG. 17;
FIG. 18 is a partial section showing a part of the optical system and of the camshaft carrying the shutter, by the line 18-18 of FIG.



  16;
Fig. 19 is a partial elevational view taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 18;
Fig. 20 is a partial section taken on line 20-20 of FIG.



  19;
Fig. 20A is a schematic perspective view of the new optical system in its normal position corresponding to the composition of a thin lowercase character;
Fig. 20B is a partial view based on FIG. 20A, showing the projection of a capital of a secondary assortment;
Fig. 21 is a sectional view of the superstructure of the component taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 16;
Fig. 21A is a longitudinal section of the camshaft;
Fig. 21B is a partial elevational view of certain mechanisms associated with the camshaft, taken from the central part of FIG. 21;
Fig. 22 is an exploded view of the shutter and the camshaft as well as some of the elements which it supports;

   
Fig. 23 is a partial sectional view of the cliché disc and certain character selection and disc stop devices, taken on line 23-23 of FIG. 21;
Fig. 24 is a partial section taken on line 24-24 of FIG.



  23;
Fig. 25 is a partial horizontal section taken on line 25-25 of FIG. 23;
Fig. 26 is an exploded view showing the cooperation between the disc stop elements and the common locking plate provided for these elements;
Fig. 27 is a detail view of one of the locking elements occupying a certain position relative to the locking plate; at a time subsequent to that shown in FIG. 23;
Fig. 28 is a view similar to FIG. 27, showing a later third position of these parts;
Fig. 29 is a partial horizontal section taken on line 29-29 of FIG. 28;
Fig. 30 is a plan view, more precisely along the line 30-30 of FIG. 16, showing the upper parts of the superstructure and the film carrier;

   
Fig. 31 is a view of the rear of the film carrier and part of the superstructure, taken along line 31-31 of FIG. 16;
Fig. 32 is an end view of the film carrier similar to FIG. 6, but on a larger scale;
Fig. 33 is a similar partial view showing a modification of the proportion gear of FIG. 32;
Figs. 33A and 33B are diagrams explaining the role of engre.

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 swims of proportion of figs. 32 and 33;
Fig. 34 is a section taken along line 34-34 of FIG. 32;
Fig. 35 is an exploded view of the interlining mechanism located near the axis of the film advancement mechanism;
Fig. 36 is a partial perspective view of the device connecting the keyboard mechanism to the circuits for the capitals;

   
Fig. 37 is a similar view concerning the lower case mechanism, se;
Fig. 38 is a partial view on a larger scale of a part of a multiple exhaust mechanism showing the mounting of an electromagnet for suppressing the exhaust;
Fig: 38A is a vertical section taken along line 38A-38A of fig. 38;
Fig. 39 is an end view of the mechanism of FIG. 38;
Figs. 40A and 40B are diagrams of the electrical circuits of the composter according to the invention;
Fig. 41 shows a modification of the diagram for an automatic dual escapement control;
Fig. 42 is a graph showing the part of the cycle assigned respectively to the various devices of the composer.



   In fig. 1, there is shown a modified typewriter of the type described in the aforementioned Blodgett United States Patents and many basic parts of the composer of the invention shown in FIG. 2 and ,. in detail in other figures, -forming parts of the Blodgett machine. For the sake of brevity and clarity of description and to avoid unnecessary repetition, these basic parts, as well as certain accessories and auxiliary elements, will be described here only with reference to the full descriptions. full of these parts in these earlier Blodgett patents.



   It will be understood that in the great majority of cases, two machines are used, namely: a machine A shown in FIG. 1, which may correspond to the recorder of: test copies, shown in fig. 1 of US Patents Nos. 2,700,421 and 2,700,447, already cited, but modified by the addition of a reader referenced 16PR and described in detail in these patents;

   and a composer B shown in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings and which is intended to be driven by a perforated strip in a manner substantially identical to that of the reproduction element of the Blodgett patents, which is shown in Figs. 1A of US Patents 2,700,421 and 2,700,447 and in FIG. 1 of US Patents 2,700,445 and 2,700,446 all already cited, the object of which is to produce typed texts justified in style and size. In the composer of the invention, the aim is to compose high quality texts in various types and sizes, by photographic processes.



   As explained in detail in the patents referred to and as schematically shown in FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawing, recorder A is designed to produce, by simple typing on a normal typewriter keyboard, both an unjustified typewriter and a perforated tape corresponding to the recording of the text, which can both be annotated and corrected before performing the final composition in the composition. As modified and used in the present invention, the proposed system provides the ability to make corrections at almost all stages of composition development, requiring the minimum of new keystrokes.



  This is how, for example, corrections can be made:
1) by automatically reproducing the correct parts of the text and refrap-

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 making corrections where necessary, resulting in a corrected punched tape and corrected typewritten proof; 2) cutting the perforated strip and mounting corrected parts to it; 3) by typing directly on the keyboard of composer B, which makes the corrections directly; or 4) preferably as a last resort only by cutting and gluing the final film or composition to paper before going to press.



   In order to facilitate understanding both of the basic structure of the Blodgett machine and of the improvements made to the typographic composition by the object of the present invention, the functional process of the latter will be described below. ,
First of all, in the list of functions is the selection of the character in a given type of assortment or assortment then, the changes between lower case or lower case letters and the top of boxes or capitals and vice versa. ; likewise, in the present case, a mixer has been provided, that is to say the automatic passage at any point of the text from one type of character to another; then, the various spacing operations, by escaping the carriage, returning the latter and interlining.

   Of course, the carriage escape is designed for varying character width based on fractional units of spacing and to provide varying spacing between words for justification.



   Referring in the first place mainly to the text of the American Blodgett patents and in particular to patent No. 2 700 447, it can be seen that the keyboard (referenced 10A in the present case) of the test copy register A is operated manually. to produce a typed copy of the text, giving an indication of the normal length of the lines. The mechanism of the keyboard, including the drive cylinder and the articulations leading to the character bars, is shown in fig. 3 of US Pat. No. 2,700,447 for the recorder and in FIG. 4 of the attached drawing for the breeder.

   During typing, a strip 11 (fig. 3) receives successive series of perforations, the number and position of which is a code representation of a character in a space or of one or more functional operations. relating to the making on the machine of the desired type of typographical composition. At the end of each line, a justification code is also punched into the web and controls the stretching or tightening of the line to the "right" length when reproducing on the composer.



   The tape puncturing mechanism 15 (Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawing), is shown and described in detail in US Pat. 2,700,421 and is also shown in Figs. 35 et seq. Of US Pat. No. 2,700,447 is described in certain parts of this patent, in particular from column 24 to column 35. The punch of the perforation mechanism 15 is electrically actuated by contacts driven by a code selector provided. in the recorder and which is analogous to the code selector used in the dialer and to which allusion will be made during the description of this machine. In the schematic view of FIG. 4, the code selector (which can symbolize both that of the register and that of the composer) is designated in its entirety by the reference 13.

   The construction and operation of the register code selector is described in detail in US Patent 2,700,447 with reference to Figs. 29-32 and those of the breeder, (precursor of the compound of the invention) with regard to figs. 63-66. The most suitable corresponding parts of this patent are columns 22-24.



   To make the composer work, the perforated tape 11 is introduced, after correction if necessary, into the combined tape reader 16 of the composer (see fig. 3 and 4) which comprises a composition reading section. 16P and a 16J rationale reading section, Details of this player

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 are described in the American Blodgett patents already cited and in particular in the patent 2,700,447, fig. 51-56 and columns 38-43 of this patent. The electrical circuit of the reader is described in columns 47 and following of this prior patent and is. essentially identical to that used in the present composer, except for one. which relates to certain details which are indicated below.



   As explained in Patent No. 2,700,447, the justification code is read first by the corresponding reader, although it is located on the tape at the end of the line, and the mechanisms and circuits are combined. in order to perform their functions in the desired coordinated order, the justification code reading section always informing the justification commands on each line before the character reader has started to read the line in question. The information read from the perforated tape by the composing section of the reader is transmitted electrically, by selective actuation of contacts (fig. 52-55 of patent no. 2,700,447) to the code translator referenced 14 in fig. . 4 of the accompanying drawing, and described in detail in US Pat. No. 2,700,447, FIG. 57-62 and columns 43-47.

   The various combinations of electromagnet excitation for the selective displacement of the permutation bars
PB1-6 ensure that a finder 489 and only one, is placed in the desired position to be actuated by the actuation bars 530 and positioning 523. Each of the researchers is associated with a character or another key. active of the keyboard and is intended to actuate the key considered by its hooked upper end 490 with which each finder bar is provided.



     , We can, consider these researchers as the end point of the character selection chain resulting from the operation of the composition reader and the code translator and they form one of the original points of the new machine of the invention for the selection and photographing the characters to form a typographic composition. New details of this aspect of the invention are described below under the appropriate heading.



   Referring now to fig. 4 attached and in fig. 3A and 63-
66 of patent N 2700 447, and in particular in lines 7-42 of column 24 of this patent, it is understood how the code selector 13 is actuated by the keypad control cams to selectively energize the selection electromagnets of hunting (spacing between the letters) designated EM1, EM2 and EM3 in this patent and corresponding to those referenced -LE1, LE2 and LE3 in this specification, in FIG. 4 and in the circuits of fig. 40A and 40B.

   Six contacts ECA, ECB, ECC (for lower case operation) and ECD, ECE and ECF (for upper case) are used to energize the exhaust electromagnets in patent N 2700 447 and these contacts have for counterpart the contacts SE7, SE8, SE9, SE10, SE11 and
SE12 in fig. 40A and 40B of the present description. Thus, by means of the code selector 13, the desired advance is assured to the carriage for each character.



   The variable advance escape mechanism is shown in Figs. 14-18 and 69 and described in columns 13-15, 50, and following of the patent
N 2 700 447 and it is easy to understand how the three exhaust electromagnets, excited separately or in various combinations, can free the cart to make a stroke of a different length corresponding to the width d 'at least five different bodies.



   These electromagnets and their excitation circuits constitute another difference between the fundamental structure of the Blodgett patents and the invention which relates to a novel exhaust control mechanism which will be described here with reference to FIGS. 40A and 40B.



   With regard to the justification, it should be remembered that the reader of the justification code 16J records the information about a given composition line before that line is read by the composition reader section 16P and is, therefore, ready to distribute the spaces between words at different points along the line - so as to ensure justification.

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  The mechanism and circuits which perform these justification operations in register A are shown in Figs. 40-50 and described in columns 30-34 of the US patent? 2,700,447; and the interpretation and application of the justification information to the breeder's exhaust is explained in columns 43, 47-53 opposite Figs, 51-56 and the diagrams in Figs 70-73. The common RCC contact of patent No. 2,700,447 and the cooperation of the exhaust contacts and the exhaust magnets are the main points by which the new circuits of the invention overlap with the circuits mentioned, thus that it is shown in fig 40 and that the moment that has come will be explained in more detail.



   The next function to consider in reviewing the general operation of the system is that provided by the character change mechanism, Blodgett machines are provided with character change and color change mechanisms, the former being used for raising and lowering. the type bin, as is common in typewriters. In the new composer, arrangements have been made for changing the case and also switching from one type of character to another.



   While photographing the characters carried by the cliché disc, the image of a letterpress type is projected onto a film or light-sensitive paper by means of an optical system comprising two groups of reflecting devices such as mirrors or prisms, the characters being arranged on the cliché or disc in such a way that by rotating one of the two reflecting devices at a small angle, the result is the projection of a capital letter instead of a bottom letter of case, while the rotation of the other reflecting device has the consequence of obtaining a character (lowercase or upper case, depending on the position of the first device) of a different type among those worn the main shot.

   Electrical devices are associated with the usual case change keys of the machine to actuate the case change prisms and the change of character type can be controlled either by special keys or by one of the keys. - keys forming part of a classic keyboard and which is not used for its usual function, for example, by the color change key on the ribbon. In fact, when this last key is used in this way, to change to bold characters or the like, the proof text produced by the registering machine is marked in red.



   Among the other functions which can be compared to the Blodgett patents, there is the return of the carriage and the line spacing and although the starting and the driving of these movements are described in the Blodgett patents and in particular in the columns 15-22 of patent No. 2,700,447, the adaptation of these mechanisms to the new composter of the invention will become more apparent from the description of the details of this new machine.



   GENERAL LAYOUT OF THE COMPOSER.



   We will now briefly describe the general construction, the arrangement and the operation of the new composer B with reference to FIGS. 5-9.



  The molded frame of the machine is referenced 50 and looks somewhat like the corresponding part of a modern electric typewriter. This frame comprises a rear extension 50a in which is housed a large part of the electrical equipment necessary for the operation of the machine. Some of these electrical elements are shown schematically in FIG. 9 which is a partial rear view of the device and which will be described in particular when the circuits used and the operation of the new system are examined.



   The frame 50 is surmounted, at an intermediate point and behind the keyboard 10B, by a fixed superstructure referenced in its entirety by 52. This superstructure serves as a support for the main character-carrier or disk D mounted on its shaft and also contains certain control and ao- tion mechanisms including the control shaft and shutter assembly C (see

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 fig. 18 and 21-23), as well as parts of the optical system of the camera. This superstructure also supports a rail 56 serving to guide the film carrier carriage.



   To the upper part of the front of the superstructure 52 is suitably fixed the adjustable reflection mechanism referenced E, intended for changes of characters, from capitals to lowercase and vice versa and to introduce anytime. in the composition of characters of another type.



   An important and new assembly is the film carrier, referenced in the drawing by the letter F and which includes light-tight enclosures to protect the latter during its lateral advance along the guide and support rail 56 for letter spacing and during its vertical feed for line spacing.



   Finally, to the left of the machine is suitably attached, a box G which carries a number of indicating instruments and electrical contacts relating to the control and command of the machine (fig. 5).



   It seems that it is appropriate to proceed now to a brief description of the general operation of the main parts of the machine which have just been mentioned, in order to facilitate understanding of the detailed description which follows.



   The cliché disk D has curved and concentric rows of characters, the different rows generally representing the lowercase and upper case characters and, preferably, in two or more different types.



  By depressing the character key bars of the keyboard 10B, the cliché disc stops rotating at the point where the selected character is placed in the light beam of a lamp carried by the superstructure 52; and by acting on a certain character change mechanism, the reflective elements of the optical system E are moved so as to deflect the beam of light rays from one row of characters to another, so that the corresponding letter is projected onto the film carried by the light-tight carriage F. A shutter disk S is part of the assembly C and is synchronized so as to allow the light beam to pass through an opening of the film magazine of the carriage F and to impress the image of the character on this film which will be developed later.



   The mechanism of the basic typewriter described in the Blodgett patents and alluded to above, not only determines the actuation of the escape mechanism to release the film carriage to enable it. a movement corresponding to the chosen character, but also activates it suitably at the arrival of the successive intervals between the words to ensure the justification of the line of characters.



   There is also a mechanism associated with the film carrier F and the basic carriage return devices used in the Blodgett machine to move film vertically for leading at the end of each line of text.



   One of the important features of the present invention is the control of the operating time of the various devices involved in the preparation of such a typographic composition and the measures taken for this purpose will be revealed as the work progresses. of the description.



   Frame and accessories
We will now indicate certain elements of the composer which are supported by the frame 50 which are housed or associated therein without, however, going into detail of their functions and their cooperation with other parts. The particular functions performed by these elements and their arrangement with respect to other parts of the mechanism will be specified later.

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   The perforated tape reader 16 which is fixed to the frame 50, on the left according to FIG. 5, has already been mentioned and described in broad outline. On the opposite side of the frame are arranged, as shown in fig. 7, the main electrical switches 70A and 70B, the switch 70A controlling the motor which operates the main transmission of the machine, while the switch 70B controls the low voltage DC power used in certain circuits whose conductors are more or less apparent or accessible. This virtually corresponds to the "on-off" switch shown in the lower part of FIG. 71 of the Blodgett patent 2,700,447.



   Immediately below the main switch is the key lock mechanism referred to herein as in the Blodgett patent by the KLM reference.



   In the middle and towards the bottom of fig. 7, you can see some salient parts of the code selector 13.



   Looking at the rear of the machine, shown in fig. 9, there is a lighting transformer 71, a rheostat 812 and its adjustment knob 812 'a 24 volt transformer 72, a 24 V rectifier 73 a rotary switch 810 associated with a certain change mechanism, and a rectifier at 90 V 79, part of which is visible behind the switch 810 and two connection bars for various conductors, referenced 74 and 75. A series of relays are mounted on a shelf 77 fixed on supports 78, relays which assume particular functions relating to the invention which will be specified later.



  These relays and their contacts are referenced RA, RB, RC, RD, RE, RF, RG and RH.



  In an upper row are placed a number of relays forming part of the fundamental circuits of the typewriter described in the Blodgett patents and only one of which, referenced 80, is shown in FIG. 9 to recall the others which, while forming part of the circuits shown and described in Blodgett Patent No. 2,700,447, do not constitute one of the novelties of the invention.



   Referring to the view from below of FIG. 8, it can be seen that the motor 85 is mounted on supports 86 fixed to the rear extension 50a of the frame and that in front of the motor rotates in suitable bearings, the primary transmission shaft 88 which carries a pulley 89 coupled to pulley 90 of the motor shaft by a belt 91. The opposite end of the transmission shaft 88 carries a chain sprocket 93 which is coupled by a chain 94 to a sprocket 95 attached to the end of the chain. shaft 96 of a drive roller surrounded by rubber 21. This shaft 96 rotates in a bearing 97 of the frame 50, at the other end of the machine and carries at its outer end a clutch 100, forming part of the return mechanism of the carriage described later.



   Referring both to Figs. 7 and 8, it can be seen that the primary transmission shaft 88 also carries, near the pulley 89, a chain sprocket 102 around which passes a transmission chain 105 which also winds around the idler sprockets 107 and 106 fixed on a support 108 mounted on. adjustable way in 109 on the frame 50. The chain 105 finally passes around a pinion 110 fixed to a shaft 112 which drives the shaft of the disc-plate, the camshaft and the shutter mechanism of the camera, as described in detail below.



   Fixed superstructure
The superstructure 52 and the devices and mechanisms that it supports or that it contains, emerge from an examination of the assemblies of FIGS. 5-7 or subassemblies of fig. 16-29. It is obvious that these figures show the machine as it appears when it has been stripped of its cover and its covering, with which it is represented in FIG. 2.



   At an intermediate point of the front-rear dimension of the machine, which we will call the longitudinal direction and behind the keyboard 10B, the

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 side parts of the frame 50 rise slightly to form the side walls 50b and between these side walls is fixed a support mold 50c roughly in the shape of an M. (See in particular Fig. 21). On this molded part 50c is mounted a box 114 which serves as a housing for a large part of the mechanism ensuring the actuation of the cam-shutter assembly C and of the plate disc D and also a part of the optical system.



   The plate-disc D is shown in FIGS, 10 and 11, as it appears before the mounting of the metal elements with which it is provided, FIGS.



  12-15 clearly showing the metal components ensuring the mounting, electrical operation and precise stopping of the disc at the desired points. Figs. 12, 13 and 23 in particular show in detail the locating and friction drive buttons or rivets 115 fixed in holes drilled in the disc around its inner periphery, near the central opening 116. These buttons 115 have round heads 117, extending from both sides of the disc and portions 118 at the other ends of the buttons are provided with washers 120 for securing the buttons securely in the holes in the disc.



   A cliché disc suitable for the intended purposes is disclosed in the US patent application by Charles W. Baker, for "Selective Coloration of Plastics".



   The disc shaft forms a composite assembly generally referenced as 125. Appropriate bearings 126 and 127 are provided respectively in the front and rear walls of the boot 114 to receive the hollow outer part 128 of the shaft. . A solid central portion 130 slides freely into the tubular outer portion 128 of the shaft 125. A hole is drilled in the inner end of the shaft portion 130 and a cotter pin 131 is threaded therein to secure a collar. 132 forming a spring seat, on the part 130, the pin 131 passing through corresponding slots 133 formed in the tubular part 128 of the shaft in order to limit the sliding movement thereof.

   A second spring seat collar 135 is adjustably attached to the outer tubular portion 128 by means of a set screw 136 and a coil spring 137 is compressed between the collars 132 and 135. , which results in urging the inner part 130 of the shaft inwardly into the hollow outer part 128.



   Near the outer end of the composite shaft 125, a hub 140 is precision press-fitted onto the outer portion 128 of the shaft. This hub is disposed near the bearing 127 and to prevent unwanted longitudinal movement a collar 141 is attached to the shaft just inside of the bearing 127.



   The hub 140 has a shoulder 142 intended to receive the edge of the internal opening 116 of the disc D. A clamping hub 145, comprising a central button 146, is slipped on the shaft 125 so as to rest against the buttons. 115 of the disc D and clamps the latter against the protruding part of the hub 140 by establishing an elastic friction coupling. A gap 148 is formed between the clamping hub 145 and the hub 140. A flat transverse key 150 is fixed to the end of the solid central part 130 of the shaft and when this key occupies the desired position to be housed in notches formed in the outer surface of the button of the clamping hub 145, it bears against the button by pressing the plate 145 against the buttons 115 of the disc.

   To remove the clamping hub, for example, in order to change the disc, it is enough simply to pull a small amount the center part, the 130 of the disc shaft against the action. of the spring 137 and turn the clamping hub 145 by 90, after which the key 150 can pass through the grooves 149 of the hub of the plate (See fig. 5 and 23). When the key 150 occupies the desired position to bear against the button 146 of the clamping hub 145, the pressure of the spring 137 determines the clamping pressure of the disc and this pressure can be varied by moving the collar 135 closer or further away, forming spring seat, the

  <Desc / Clms Page number 12>

 along the outer part 128 of the shaft.



   It is easy to see that although the driving force supplied by the motor source to the shaft 125 and to its associated members is constant, the disk D can nevertheless be immobilized at the desired locations as a result of the sliding which allows the elastic clamping due to the action of the spring 137.



   Immediately inside of bearing 126, located on the rear wall of box 114, a transmission gear 151 is mounted on outer portion 128 of the shaft and is attached thereto by a set screw. 152. The cooperation between this gear and the other transmission members is described below.



   We will now describe the assembly forming the control shaft and shutter C with particular reference to FIGS. 16, 18, 21, 21a, and 22. The shaft itself, which has a composite structure is referenced 160 and comprises a solid interior part 161 suitably supported by bearings carried in the anterior and posterior walls of the box 114, A the front end of this shaft is fixed to the shutter disc S by means of a hub 162.



  A toothed wheel 164 having a hub 165 is rotatably mounted on the inner portion 161 of the shaft and is prevented from moving longitudinally by a collar 166 secured to the shaft portion 161 by a set screw 167. Nearly of the hub 165 there is a clutch plate 171 whose hub 170 is secured to this hub by a link connection 169. A coil spring 172, interposed between the toothed wheel 164 and the plate 171, urges the latter towards the face friction of the cam hub 177, a fraction disc 176 being interposed between said face and the plate 171. The cam hub 177 is fixed on the shaft 161 and rotates with it. This hub has a tubular extension 178 which serves as a support for three cams I, II and III. The cams I, II and III and the cam-holder hub 177 are secured in rotation by a pin 179.

   The hub-cam holder has two stop projections 180 and 181 and the cams I, II and III are provided with projections and recesses, the action of which will be described later.



   Referring more particularly to FIGS. 21 and 21b, it can be seen that an oscillating stop plate 185 is mounted on a support 186 fixed to the frame by means of a pivot 187. This plate has approximately the shape of an L and has an ascending branch 188. intended to come to be placed on the orbit of the projections 180 and 181 of the cam-holder hub 177 and to move away from this orbit.



  A rod 190 capable of moving longitudinally under the action of the clutch release solenoid 192, is suitably mounted by means of a support 193 on the box 114. The detailed operation of the stop plate 185 and in particular the cooperation between its notch 195 and the projections 190 and 181 will be described below.



   One of the important points that should be noted is that despite the fact that the driving of the toothed wheel 164 and the clutch 171 by the motive force source is constant, the cams and the shutter disc fixed on the shaft 161 can nevertheless be stopped and restarted according to the prescribed cycle by means of the stop plate 185 and the electromagnet 192, due to slippage between the clutch elements 171- 176.



   A two-way electrical switch capable of being actuated by cams I, II and III is shown at 200 in FIG. 21, where it is fixed on a support 201. These switches will be described in more detail during the description of the electrical circuits.



   To drive the shaft C of the cams and the shutter and the shaft of the disc 125, the movement is taken by the chain sprocket 110 and the shaft 11'2 already mentioned. -The shaft 112 passes through a suitable bearing at one end of the box 114, while its other end is supported by a support 203.



  At this end of the shaft 112 is fixed a worm 204 which meshes with a helical wheel 205 fixed on the intermediate shaft 206 mounted in brackets.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 13>

 appropriate links of the boot 114, as clearly shown in fig, 16. At its rear end the shaft 206 carries a gear wheel 207 which meshes with the drive gear 151 of the disc and with the gear 164 of the camshaft.



   Optical system
The basic mechanism for projecting the image of a character of the oliché disc D onto the film is described below with reference to figs. 16, 18, 19, 20,
20A, 20B and 21. The film carrier F will be described later, and it suffices for the moment to say that it comprises a boot 210 having a rear wall
209 and a removable reinforcing plate 211 between which the film F is enclosed. The front and rear walls of the box 210 are pierced with openings II and 213 which coincide with an opening 214 made in the rail 56. The opening 212 is an elongated horizontal slot which acts as a cover to limit di- Vertical measurements of the light beam allowed.



   On an upper part of the boot 114 of the superstructure 52 is mounted a lens holder 215 which includes an outer tube 216 and a sliding inner tube 217. A projection lens 220 is attached to the front end of the tube. interior which is slidably mounted to allow focusing and to adjust the size of the image by means of a lever 221 attached to the inner tube and which passes through a slot 222 made in the outer tube.



   As shown in fig. 18, a lamp 225 is mounted so as to be adjustable vertically and horizontally by means of multiple supports provided in the housing 114 including in particular a support 226 mounted on the can 114 so as to move laterally and horizontally, a support 226 fixed to the previous one so as to be able to move vertically and a third support 226c for the front-rear adjustment. An annular element 227 receives the socket 227a of the lamp 225 which can be attached thereto by means of screws 227b.



   This annular element 227 can be rotated and be fixed in the desired position by means of locking screws 2270 passing through the support 226c. By this means, the filament 225a can be positioned with great precision relative to the other elements of the optical system, including the concentrating lenses; the cliché disc, the projection lenses the prisms, etc ... Inside the tube 228 which is mounted in the anterior wall of the boot 114, there is an internal tubular lens holder 229 which carries two Concentrating lenses 230 suitably mounted by means of rings 231 and a separating spring 232 which the light beam of the lamp 225 first passes through and which serves to concentrate it for uniform and efficient use light.

   The concentrating lenses 230 adjust to form the image of the filament on a plane adjacent to the location of the projection lens 220.



   The active element closest to the outside of the duct 228 is the shutter 'which is mounted on its shaft 160 so that its marginal part' covers the opening of the cover M masking the opening of the duct 228 and the window
235 of the shutter intermittently passes the aperture of the cover 240 in order to ensure an exposure of suitable duration at the desired time. This arrangement is best seen in FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 and it can also be seen in fig. 19, how the cliché disk D is situated in relation to the obturator and the tube 228, so that the chosen character can be brought in line, in its various types and aspects, with the tube 228 and the obturator at the desired moment.

   In order to isolate and frame the radial row of types of the chosen character, the cover M is pierced with an elongated opening 240, the width and length of which are calculated to frame the various presentations of the chosen character. In the exemplary embodiment, we see four variant characters, namely a main type in capitals and lower case and a secondary or bold type in capitals and lower case. Other series of characters can be provided in any combination for particular applications, for example mathematical symbols, timetable indices, etc.



   The M cover comprises a plate suitably attached to a bar of

  <Desc / Clms Page number 14>

 horizontal support 242 which is fixed in an adjustable manner to the box 114 by means of a fastening element 243. The vertical cover M cooperates with the opening 212 of the horizontal cover to properly frame a single character image among all the radial rows and circumferentials carried by the cliché disc D.



   In order to obtain accurate reproduction, it is necessary that the cliché disk D be kept correctly aligned with respect to the beam of the optical system and that it be perpendicular to it. To this end, the support bar 242 is provided with an outer metal guide 245 and an inner guide 246 which are angled so as to form a converging channel for the upper peripheral edge of the disc D. The inner guide 246 has an angled end 247 in order to engage in a guide slot 248 of the M.



   It emerges from the foregoing explanations that by suitably synchronizing the movements of the cliché disc and the shutter with respect to the aperture 240 of the cover M, images of all the series of characters can be projected towards the aperture. 'exterior by the light beam emanating from the source 225 and which passes through the tube 228. Furthermore, as regards the choice of the eye of the character and that of the case, a selective reflection system is provided which is designated in its entirety by E.



   This mechanism, which essentially comprises two rotary prisms combined with adjustable supports and control means, is illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 16 and 30 and comprises a frame 250, the horizontal upper part 251 of which is pierced with two openings 252 intended to receive the projecting support rods 254 whose inner ends are fixed to the edge 255 of the box 114 by means of a nut 256.



   In order to secure the frame 250, supporting the prisms, in the desired position relative to the rest of the optical system, locking screws 258 can be inserted into threaded holes drilled in the ends of part 251 of the frame. so as to come to bear against the support rods 254.



   The part 251 of the frame comprises two spaced members 260 projecting outwards and downwards (see in particular fig. 5) and on these members are mounted in rotation the lower and upper shafts 265 and 266 supporting the prisms. .



   Each of the shafts 265 and 266 is cut at its central part as clearly shown in FIG. 16 and upper and lower prisms 270 and 271 are mounted on these parts of the shaft by means of support plates 272 and fixing collars 273. The prisms 270 and 271 are obviously total reflection prisms including the hypotenuse can, if necessary, be silvered to increase its reflective properties.



   The upper shaft 265 carries a spacing adjustment collar 275 and a similar collar 276 is attached to the lower shaft 266. Inside the bearing, on one side of the upper prism, a collar 280 is pinned to it. the projecting end of the shaft 265, collar to which are fixed two different descending levers 281-and 282. The lever 281 forms part of a movement limitation device comprising screws forming adjustable stops 284 and 285 which are screwed on in projections 286 and 287 of one of the frames 260 of the support, the flattened end 288 of the lever 281 being intended to abut against the inner ends of the screws 284 and 285 to limit the angular movement of the lever and thus , the rotation of the shaft 265 carrying the prism 270.



   The lever 282 is an actuating arm which is connected at its end to a stud 289 projecting from the rotating electromagnet 290 by means of a coil spring 291. Another coil spring 293 connects the lever. lever 282 to a fixed stud 294 carried by one of the plates 260 of the support frame 250 and serves to urge the lever 282, and thus the shaft 265 towards its initial position no deflected when the electromagnet 290 is not not excited. The position of the parts under these conditions is shown in fig. 6 where the spring 293 is used to urge

  <Desc / Clms Page number 15>

 the end 288 of the lever 281 against the end of the via. adjustable stop 284.



  The prism 270 referred to here is the mixing prism and when the parts occupy the position shown in FIG. 6, the type of character selected is the one used most frequently and to obtain a bold or other type of character, the electromagnet 290 is energized to rotate the prism 270 so that the lever 281 comes to rest against the other stop screw 285, so that the light beam crossing the character occupying the selected row on the cliché disc D, passes into the optical system 215-220 and is thus projected on the film f to through the various openings 212, 213 and 214.



   Analogous selective reflection of the light beam is performed for the change of case. The shaft 266 which carries the case changing prism 271 carries at its outer end a collar 300 which can be seen in FIGS.



  5, 7, 16 and 30. Divergent levers are attached to the collar 300, namely, a lever 301 similar to the character mixing lever 281 having a plate 302 at its end, the movement of which is limited by two adjustable screws 303 and 304 carried by suitable supports fixed to the plate 260 of the frame 250 carrying the prisms and a manipulation arm 305 which is coupled by means of a spring 306 to a stud 307 fixed to the rotation electromagnet 308. A second spring 310 connects a stud 311 fixed on the arm 302 to a fixed stud 312 in order to bias the prism towards a normal position which it leaves when the case-change electromagnet 308 is energized.



   It can thus be seen that the lower prism 271 can be rotated by a limited angle in order to select the desired upper or lower case characters of the disc 'D to be projected onto the film f.



   The actuation of the electromagnets 290 and 308 will be described when explaining the general operation and description of the circuits of the composer.



   To recap, we will describe the course of the light beam through the optical system, with reference to FIGS. 20A and 20B.



   When taking a photo, a light beam emitted by the filament '225a, passes through focusing lenses 230, the window 235 of the shutter S, the aperture 240 of the vertical cover M and the selected radial row of characters. on the cliché disk D. It then enters the case-change prism 271 which reflects it upwards on the mixing prism 270 which, again, changes the direction of the light beam, to send it on the projection lens 220 which forms the image of the character on the film f. At this point, the horizontal cover 114 of the film carrier serves to intercept the image of the three undesirable characters of the projected light beam.



   It is easily understood that a suitable step-by-step rotation of the prisms or the addition of additional devices for deflecting the light ray, makes it possible to place more than four rows of characters on the disc and to handle them in a manner analogous to the one described opposite.



   Dump Disk Control
It has just been explained how the various types of characters can be selectively projected onto the film, we will now describe the means for accurately locating and stopping the cliché disc at the point where the desired column of character is in the path of the light beam projected into the optical system.



   Figs, 10-15, show in detail a cliché disk D taken as an example. The guiding and positioning means comprising the buttons 115 have already been described and we will now describe accessories establishing certain electrical connections in the control circuits and the stop or stop devices.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 16>

 



   Radially outside of the guide buttons 115 is an annular conductive band or ring 320. This conductive ring 320 has radial extensions 321 spaced at 120 around the disc, the ends of which are covered by thin plates 322. stop 325 pass through openings 326 drilled in the disc D and are each provided with a base 327 which bears against the opposite side of the disc, this base being firmly fixed to the upper plate 322 by means of rivets 328 passing through other holes drilled in the disc.



   In fig. 12, we see an elastic conductive strip 330, the end of which rests against the conductive ring 320 in order to establish electrical contact with it, the use of which will be explained later.



   To go on to the description of the control means interposing stop devices for the stop pins 325 of the cliché disc D, it is appropriate to return to the keyboard mechanism and to resume its description where it was interrupted, in particular researchers 489 whose hooked upper ends 490 come into contact with the pegs 27 'of the touch bars 27 each of which, by the action of the cam 12 driven by the drive roller 21 exerts a downward traction on the one of the connecting rods 33 which, for its part, causes the angled lever 34 to which it is connected to pivot, in the direction of clockwise, according to FIGS. 4 and 6.



   Referring now to Figs. 16 and 23-28, it can be seen that the longer arm of each elbow lever 34 is connected by a connecting rod 35a to the descending arm 349 of a series of T-levers 350, the number of which corresponds to that of the characters and buttons on the machine. The levers 350 are articulated by their short arms 351 to a curved wire forming a common pivot 352, while their long arms extend towards the front of the machine and are referenced 355. The curved pivot 352, which is threaded through the holes drilled in the arms 351 of the T-levers 350, is securely attached to the rear drop-down bracket 360 forming part of the frame 50c.



   From the front part of the frame 50c descends a curved part 372.



  To the downward anterior face of the curved molded part 372 is fixed an anterior plate 375 having a large number of radial notches 376 in which the long arms 355 of the T-levers 350 are guided.



   Another curved member 370 is fixed to the lower front face of the box 114, as at 371 in FIG. 24. The upper member 370 comprises a descending bar 380 which fits into a groove formed in the lower edge thereof. The lower portion of the member 370 has notches 382 which correspond in number and position with the notches 376 and the lever arms 355.



   In notches 382 slide radially stop blades 390.



  These blades are shown in three successive operating positions in FIGS. 23, 27 and 28, where it is seen that they include an exterior vertical portion 391 and an interior vertical parallel portion 392. The exterior portion 391 has a short tab 393 which is slightly spaced from the main portion of the blade, this tongue being the part of the stop blade that is struck by the stop pin 325 of the cliché disc D.



   The posterior vertical part 392 of the stop blade has a rounded lower end 394 in line with the corresponding long arm 355 of the T-lever 350 operated by the keyboard, as shown in FIG. 23. A hole 395 may be drilled in this lower portion for the insertion of a suitable tool to facilitate the removal and adjustment of the blades.



   The upper end of the rear part 392 of the blade forms a point 397 having a notch forming a hook 398. The front and rear parts 391 and 392 are joined by a bridge or a / core 399 which is housed in one notches 382 of the member 370.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 17>

 



   All the stop blades 390 are normally biased downwards by coil springs 400, one end of which is housed in a cell 401 formed in the member 370 while its opposite end rests on the lamé 390 , being maintained and guided on the latter by a small ascending lug 404. In order to save space and to be able to bring the numerous stop blades 390 as close as possible, the cells 401 are arranged in staggered rows, on the member 370 , as shown in fig. 29 and the stop blades 390 are provided with two spaced lugs 404 which can be used alternately to center the spring.



   It emerges from an examination of FIGS. 21, 23 and 25 that the central part of the box 114 comprises two vertical parallel projecting edges 408 shouldered to receive two parallel grooved slides 409 between which is placed the slide 410, the slides being fixed to the extension of the boot by means of screws or similar fasteners, anti-friction elements 411 being interposed between the slides 409 and the slide 410. At the anterior end of the slide 410 is screwed a locking plate in the form of segment 415.

   The arched lower part of this locking plate has an inclined surface 416 above which is a shoulder 417, then a second inclined surface 418 extending more forward than the lower surface 416, located above. the shoulder 417.



   A coil spring 420 extends between a stud 421 attached to the rear end of slider 410 and a bracket 422 suitably attached to a part of the machine frame. Thus, the slide 410 and the locking plate 415 are constantly urged elastically forward.



   It goes without saying that there are exactly as many stop blades 390 as there are character keys on the register and on the composer and, of course, as there are characters drawn in one of the 1200 sectors of the holder disc. photo D.



  It has already been explained that the shaft 125 of the disc constantly urges the latter by friction in a certain direction, so that when the disc is released it rotates until it meets one of the blades of the disc. stop 390 interposed on the path of one of the three stop pins 325, fig. 13.

   The relative positions of the stop blades 390 and the stop pins 325 are such, with respect to the characters of the three sectors of the character disc that when a selected blade rises into the path of the one of the pegs 325, 'against the action of its spring 400, the peg 325 abuts against the tongue 393 of the stop blade and stops the rotational movement of the disc, despite its drive by friction, at the exact point where the corresponding character intercepts the light beam whose passage is controlled by the shutter for a correct exposure of the film.



   This result is obtained as follows:
The T-lever selects 350 by pivoting under the action of the keyboard mechanism in the manner described, moves the long arm 355 up into its notch 376, so that it hits the rounded end 394 of the blade. corresponding stop 390, raising the latter against the action of its spring 400, until the inclined surface of the hook 397 of the blade slides against the inclined surface 416 of the locking plate 415, which pushes back the locking plate back against the action of the spring 420.

   Of course, the actual retention of the stop blade in its effective high position is ensured by the hooking of the hook 398 of the stop blade on the shoulder 417 of the locking plate and it is understood that normally, a blade stopper 390 is already hooked to the shoulder 417 when a new blade 390 is put in place.



  One of the novel and ingenious features of the invention is an arrangement whereby the placement of a new stopper blade serves to release the previous stopper blade from the locking plate 415 and allow it of. fall back to its inactive position. This is accomplished by raising the new blade beyond the position shown in fig. 28, so that the inclined surface of the tip 397 of the blade slides over the longer inclined surface 418

  <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 of the locking plate, so as to move the latter further back thereby allowing the previously hooked blade 390 to leave the shoulder '417 and fall back.

   After the release of the previous blade, which corresponds to the position shown in fig. 27, the new blade falls back a little, notably; ment of the position of FIG. 27 to that of FIG. 28 and is suspended from the locking plate with its point 397 disposed in front of the stop pin 325 of the disc.



   In the event of repetition of a character, corresponding to the double letters of certain words, it goes without saying that the same T-lever 350 will be actuated again, but below the stop blade already raised. the blade will nevertheless rise to the position where it moves away the locking plate 415, but immediately after the descent of the lever 350, it returns to its active position where it remains hooked to the locking plate. Obviously, this operation is a little faster than when it comes to a real change of character, since there is no need to wait for a new determination of the position of the disc.



   Another particularity of this new stop blade is the possibility of adjusting with great precision the stop position of the disc by bending the tongue 393 thereof out of its plane in the desired direction to obtain perfect position of the disc.



   Exhaust mechanism of the film carrier.



   The essential features which characterize Blodgett Patent No. 2,700,477 and which are shown in Figs. 14-18 and 69 of this patent and described in columns 13-15 and 50 and following, have already been mentioned and the equivalence between the three exhaust electromagnets designated EM1, EM2 and EM3 has been indicated in the Blodgett patent and those referenced LE1, LE2 and LE3 in this specification.



   The manner in which the carriage can move according to character width, word spacing and justification corrections is described in full detail in the Blodgett patents mentioned above and it would be superfluous to extend there. at length here. It suffices to point out that the main carriage of the machine, which corresponds to the cylinder-carrier carriage of the Blodgett device, has been reduced to a very simplified member designated here as a whole by 425. This rudimentary carriage is shown in figs. . 6, 7 and 32. It will be noted that the frame of the carriage is grooved on either side at 426 in order to receive anti-friction elements 427 allowing it to move easily in the slides 428 provided on the main frame of the machine. .



  Of course, this carriage 425 should not be confused with the film carrier carriage f which is arranged to travel along the guide rail 56 of the fixed superstructure by means of small rollers 56 '. However, the carriage 425 has a support frame 430 on which are mounted a number of elements which proportion the movement (such as character spacing, tabulation and carriage return) applied to the carriage. base 425 by the Blodgett escape mechanism, to transmit it to the film carriage f and, as will now be described, this variable movement can be adjusted according to the variations in size of the typefaces used in the film. particular assortment with which the machine operates.



   The members which urge the base carriage 425 along its path, under the control of the exhaust, comprise a strip 460 which can be fixed to a bracket 461 of the carriage 425. (See in particular Figs. 6, 7 and 8 ). From its point of attachment to square 461, the tape extends to the left along the carriage, then passes around a guide pulley 463 and from there to another pulley 464 then around the spring drum. 465, which is mounted on the support 466, while the spring barrel 467 is supported by a support 468.



   Figs. 38, 38A and 39 of the accompanying drawing, are views of details a-

  <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 enlarged of specific parts of fig. 1416 of Blodgett Patent No. 2,700,447 and others and in these figures we recognize the main parts of Blodgett mechanisms, for which we have taken the original numerical references. By adding the sign "'" (prime). Corresponding texts can be found in Blodgett patent No. 2700 447 columns 13-15. Thus the general frame is referenced 127 'and comprises a part 134' and the upper plate 197 '. The familiar ratchet wheels are shown at 130 ', 131, 132'.

   Among others, we also see the free pawl 161 'and the pawl rocker plate 195' and its lug 203 ', the elastic stops 206' and 207 'mounted on the adjustable arms 208' and 209 '.



   To the left of fig. 38 below frame plate 197 'are parts of the rocker arm plates 195' including the exhaust pawl support assemblies (see also Fig. 38A). These parts or arms 195 'are connected to a part of the fixed frame 127' by means of springs 210 'serving to stress the various rocker arm assemblies in their normal position of cooperation with the ratchet wheels of the exhaust 130. ', 131' and 132 '.



   Pawl support arms 442 also extend from the rocker arm assemblies in the path of movement of the exhaust slider 445 which includes an angle iron one of the wings 446 having adjustable studs 447.



  The slider 445 is suitably supported by a part of the frame 127 while the other wing 448 of the latter is connected by a return lever 449 to the link 450 integral with the core 452 of the exhaust electromagnet. 455. As shown in Figs. 6 and 8, the exhaust electromagnet 455 is carried by a support 457 fixed to a fixed part 458 of the main frame 50.



   When one or more of the exhaust electromagnets LE1, LE2 and LE3 are energized, the corresponding pawl support arms 442 lower and come to interpose in the path of the corresponding studs 447 'of the slider 445 and the exhaust is armed.



   Then, when the electromagnet 455 is energized, the exhaust slider 445 moves against the elastic resistance of the coil spring 457 which connects a stud 458 carried by the fixed frame to a stud 459 of the slider, so that the studs 447 come into contact with the pawl support arms 442 which have been lowered as a result of the selective actuation of the electromagnets LE1 LE2 or LE3. These ratchet arms 442 and the rocker arm assemblies 195 'to which they are connected thus tilt in a certain direction,' in order to cause the proper escape movement of the ratchet wheels 130 ', 131, and 132' by interaction. between the pawls and the stops as clearly described in Blodgett Patent No. 2,700,447.



   In fig. 38A, one recognizes the crankshaft (here reference 460) which connects an exhaust ratchet with the exhaust solenoid LE1, as described in detail in the Blodgett patents.



   It is easily understood that when changing the type of character, it is also necessary to modify the escape movement of the film carrier; with a determined setting of the prisms and focusing lenses of the optical system, character changes can be made in the composition by replacing the cliché disc used by another and by making a corresponding change in the exhaust ratio to the film trolley. It is also conceivable that with a given disc, variations in the size of the projected image can be effected by adjusting the optical system which will also require a proportional correction of the movement of the film carrier f with respect to the carriage. base 425-430.



   This proportional mechanism will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 30-33B included. Attached to the top of the main carriage 430 support 430 is a rack 475. A support 477 is removably attached to one side of the box 210 of the film carrier F by means of

  <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 fixing elements 476. From this support extends rearwardly a shaft 478 carrying two toothed wheels 480 and 481 (fig. 31 and 32).

   The outer toothed wheel 481 meshes with the rack 475 carried by the base carriage 425-430, while the inner wheel engages with a rack 483 which is secured at one of the ends by means of a connecting element 484 to a support arm 485 extending from the upper rear lateral part of the frame 50, as seen in FIG. 7. This fixed rack 483 actually acts as a fulcrum for the gear combination 480-481, but does not need to be securely fastened except at one end.

   Directly above the point of contact between the wheel 480 and the rack 483 is a guide support 488 which is fixed to the box 210 of the carriage F, by an element 495 surrounding the rack in order to keep it pressed against the wheel toothed 480. To this end, the end of the support 488 has a notch in which the rack slides to clamp it against the wheel.



   The ratio of the diameters of the gear wheels 480-481 is calculated to produce the desired variation between the movement imparted to the base carriage 425 by the exhaust electromagnets and the desired movement to be actually imparted to the carrier carriage. film F. Obviously, the rack 483 is a fulcrum member, the rack 475 providing the input movement, while the interchangeable gear train 480-481 moves with the movement of the input. desired output and is therefore mounted on the film carrier.



   It should be noted that in figs. 6 and 7, both gears 480a and 481a have the same diameter and that the arrangement adopted in the particular machine shown constitutes an adjustment for a six point exhaust assuming that the base carriage 425 has been calculated for a double movement. - ze points. It goes without saying that the very different dimensions of the toothed wheels of FIGS. 31 and 32 will result in different exhaust ratios.



   On the partial view of FIG. 33, the gears are calculated so as to produce an enlargement of the movement of the film carrier with respect to that of the base carriage, instead of reducing it as in figs. 31 and 32; In this variant, the gear train referenced in its entirety by 500 comprises a support 501 fixed by means of the screw 502 to the support frame 430 of the base carriage, and the gear wheels 480b and 481b. The same support-guide 488 is used to clamp the fixed rack 483 against the wheel 480b, but the wheel 481b rolls on a rack 505 which is fixed at 506 to the box 210 of the film carrier F. It can be seen that by this arrangement the gear train 500 receives the input movement and the rack 505 the output movement.



   The calculation of the gear ratios in order to obtain the desired variation in spacing is evident from FIG. 33A where the fixed rack 483, the wheels 480 and 481 and the input rack 475 have been shown according to the arrangement illustrated by FIGS. 30 and 31. The radius of wheel 481 is R2.



  By raising a triangle along the vertical radius and the horizontal line representing rack 475 and giving the base the input value 6, the output quantity ¯ will be given by the horizontal line extending to the right of the center of the gear train, and the following equation will be satisfied,
 EMI20.1
 A Output = Q input R1 + R2 since, 0 input = 12 points (value of the exhaust of the main or base carriage in the embodiment described). and 0 output = the desired spacing or body setting: and since R1 varies proportionally with T1, and R2 varies proportionally with T2 (where T1 and T2 are the number of teeth of the two gear wheels):

   

  <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 
 EMI21.1
 while the desired setting will be - 12 x TI 2¯¯¯
Because the racks 475 and 483 are spaced a fixed distance apart, R1 + R2 is constant, so that T1 + T2 is constant and if the number of teeth of T1 increases, that of T2 decreases and vice versa.



   The following is an example of a gear combination which has given satisfactory results on a composter. It is based on the twelve point exhaust of the particular base carriage used which has five 0.79mm units. We chose the total number of teeth of the two wheels equal to 96 in order to obtain a minimum variation of magnitude of 1/6 of a point in the reduction scale.



   Therefore, the desired setting is
 EMI21.2
 = 12 x., 2 = x # = # and T2 = 8 x the resulting dimensions. 96 8
 EMI21.3
 
 <tb> Setting <SEP> desired <SEP> in <SEP> Report <SEP> of <SEP> reduction <SEP> to <SEP> leave <SEP> Reports <SEP> of <SEP> numbers
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> points <SEP> of <SEP> the exhaust <SEP> of <SEP> base <SEP> of <SEP> of <SEP> teeth <SEP> T2 / Ti
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ <SEP> 12 <SEP> pts.

    <SEP> ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 5 <SEP> 5/12 <SEP> 40/56
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 5-1 / 4 <SEP> 21/48 <SEP> 42/54
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 5-1 / 2 <SEP> 11/24 <SEP> 44/52
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 5-3 / 4 <SEP> 23/48 <SEP> 46/50
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 6 <SEP> 1/2 <SEP> 48/48
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 7 <SEP> 7/12 <SEP> 56/40
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 7-1 / 2 <SEP> 15/24 <SEP> 60/36
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 8 <SEP> 2/3 <SEP> 64/32
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 9 <SEP> 3/4 <SEP> 72/24
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 10 <SEP> 5/6 <SEP> 80/16
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 10-1 / 2 <SEP> etc .. <SEP> obtained <SEP> with <SEP> a <SEP> double <SEP> esc-
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> pement
 <tb>
 
The same reasoning is valid for the calculation of increase gears such as two shown in fig 33, and schematically in fig. 33B.

   In this case, the gear wheel train becomes the input mechanism and the rack 505 the output.
 EMI21.4
 



  Thus we have A input = G1 output R2 1 + R2 and d output = J input R, + R2 and the desired setting = 12 x Tl + T2 - 1y x 9 T2 T2 and T2 reg.agê 115 desired 'As previously, the total number of teeth T1 + T2 = 96.
 EMI21.5
 
 <tb>



  Setting <SEP> desired <SEP> Exhaust <SEP> Report <SEP> increase <SEP> Report <SEP> of <SEP> name- '
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> in <SEP> points <SEP> real <SEP> for <SEP> a <SEP> exhaust <SEP> of <SEP> bre <SEP> of <SEP> teeth
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ <SEP> ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ <SEP> 12 <SEP> points <SEP> T2 / Tl <SEP>. <SEP>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>



  14 <SEP> 14.05 <SEP> 96/82 <SEP> 82/14
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 16 <SEP> 16.00 <SEP> 96/72 <SEP> 72/24
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 24 <SEP> 24.00 <SEP> 96/48 <SEP> 48/48
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 36 <SEP> 36.00 <SEP> 96/32 <SEP> 32/64
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 42 <SEP> 42/66 <SEP> 96/27 <SEP> 27/69
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb>
 <tb> 60 <SEP> 60.63 <SEP> 96/19 <SEP> 19/77
 <tb>
 

  <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
The numerical values given by the tables above are not in any way exclusive, a large number of interpolations and extensions of these being possible.

   It would also be possible to achieve a 1: 1 ratio between the movements of the two carriages by locking them by means of a coupling bar or else by choosing a movement ratio of 1/2 and by operating in double escapement as will be described in more detail. far.



   Film holder and vertical line feed.



   The film carrier circuit has been briefly described with reference to the preceding figures and certain peculiarities of the frame of this movable assembly have been described with regard to FIG. 16. This frame or box 210, as has already been explained, is designed to travel along a guide rail 56 by means of rollers 56 'arranged at its upper part and at its lower part.



  A labyrinth seal is provided at 510 and 511 between the surfaces of the rail 56 and the front wall of the box 210 on either side of the light passage openings 213 and 214, to intercept the light.



   The film f, as already mentioned, is enclosed and held flat between the removable backing plate 211 and the rear wall 209 of the box 210, in order to be suitably impressed through the opening. horizontal 212 of the bezel. The opening between these two plates is widened somewhat at their lower edges at 514 to accommodate the tangential mouth 515 of the lower film store 516 in which the roll of virgin film 517 is enclosed. mouth 515 may be provided with sealing strips 518 of felt or other suitable material to form a light ray intercepting seal at the junction between the film magazine and the carriage opening.

   Box 210 has an upper compartment; 520 which is housed between the upper part of the support plate 211 and an upper plate 521 and this compartment contains the film advancement mechanism which will now be described. The upper front part of the box is pierced with a slot or an opening 522 similar to the opening 514 provided at the bottom of the carriage for receiving the mouth 523 of the upper receiving magazine 525 of the film, whose construction is analogous to that of lower magazine 516.



   The construction and assembly of the lower magazine 516 emerges clearly from an examination of FIG. 31. From the box 210 descends on one side of the carriage, - a support 528 from which leaves a pivot or a pin 529. On the opposite side of the box a support bar 530 is articulated around a pivot 531 The upper end of the bar has a slot .532 (fig. 7) intended to receive the tightening screw 535 when it occupies its upper position, the inclination of which corresponds to that of the carriage.

   The lower end of the pivoting bar 530 is pierced with a threaded opening into which is screwed a screw 536 comprising a knurled head 537 allowing it to be maneuvered so as to engage its ex-. pivot end 538 in a recess formed at the end of the coupling rod of the film magazine 540. The opposite end of the rod 540 also has a recess for receiving the fixed journal 529 carried by the support 528.



   The magazine 516 containing the virgin film is provided with end flanges 542 and 543 pierced with threaded openings in which the rod 540 is fixed. A nut 538a fixes one of the flanges on the rod 540. The other flange can be removed by unscrewing it from the rod. The two flanges are assembled in a light-tight manner to the body of the magazine 516, for example, by virtue of a groove made in the groove flanges into which the body engages and is applied. ''
It is easy to see that by pulling the screw 536 back and rotating the bracket 530 aside after loosening the set screw 535, the magazine 516 can be removed in order to reload it and then put it back in place by a process. reverse.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 



   Referring to Figs, 17 and 17A, it can be seen that the upper magazine 525, which is intended to receive the impressed film, has a shape similar to that of the lower magazine as regards its cylindrical shape and the presence of a mouth. However, the side flanges and the film backing differ slightly.



   A film reel 550 has end journals 551 and 552 for receiving in openings drilled in flanges 554 and 555, assembled by means of light-tight connections to the cylindrical wall of magazine 525, as it is. is shown in 556.



   Through a support portion 558 of the box 210 passes a mounting screw 560 which has a knurled head 561 and a stud 562 intended to fit into a cavity in the journal 551 of the spool 550. This screw can be pulled out. rear to release the film magazine in a manner analogous to that described for magazine 516.



   At the opposite end of the film magazine 525, a pin 563 passes through the journal 552 so as to extend in diameter through the tubular opening 564 with which it is drilled. In a bearing provided in the part 565 of the magazine on this side of the machine is mounted a shaft 566 surrounded by a collar 567 interposed between the part 565 of the magazine and the end of the journal 552. The inner end of the shaft The shaft 566 forms a fork 568 which straddles the pin 563 which provides a coupling driving the film spool 550. This drive device is a friction drive which allows a certain degree of slippage, as described above. after.



   Referring to figs 30 and 31, where part of the top of the film holder magazine has been torn off, it can be seen that a shaft 575 crosses the compartment 520, from one end of the box 520 to the other. This shaft is rotatably mounted in suitable bearings provided in the end walls of the boot and carries two toothed advancing wheels 576. These toothed wheels have serrated edges 577 which come to be placed above the margins of the film f and serve to press it against two bearing surfaces 580 which constitute the removable and adjustable parts of the interior surface of the rear wall 211 of the box 210 of the film carrier.

   It can easily be seen that by turning the feed wheels 586 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 16, the film moves upwardly through the space between walls 209 and 211, unwinding from magazine 516. At the same time, it winds around reel 550 of upper magazine 525 by virtue of means which will be described later.

   A guide strip, which may advantageously be of a suitable plastic material, can be attached to the reel 550 and extends into the box of the carriage where its rear end can be attached to the upper edge of the film by suitable means such as an adhesive strip and thus serve to pull the beginning of the film in the upper magazine 525, in order to wind it around the reel 550,
In order to be able to use films of different widths, at least one of the advancement wheels 576 is movable along the shaft 575, preferably the right wheel according to FIG. 31 because it is convenient to keep the left edge of the film in a fixed position.

   We see in fig. 30 that the linings 580 have steps 581 which serve as guides for the edges of the film during its vertical movement and which at the same time form bearing surfaces for the marginal edges of the film subjected to the pressure of the toothed wheels of the film. advancement 576. The reinforcement plates or walls 211, already mentioned, are removable and replaceable. To this end, they are fixed in a removable manner by means of the fixing elements 211A. It is possible to have 580 packings of different widths on hand which can be used with films of different widths, -for example, 150 mm, 200 mm, etc ...



   An important feature for the precision of the drive

  <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 of the film is the winding of the latter at an appreciable angle (90 in this case) around the wheels 576. Thus, the teeth of the wheels, which are relatively sharp and close together, penetrate slightly into the film by pressing it against the wheels. linings 580 and remain engaged until the elastic tension exerted on the film by spool 550 has moved the film away from the drive wheels.



   It goes without saying that the upward movement of the film in magazine F serves to produce line spacing by bringing another portion of the film into the image projection area through the last horizontal opening of cover 212 and this. Film movement must be performed with precision to ensure the desired spacing between lines of the composition. This interlining of the film is advantageously provided by a mechanism associated with the return device of the machine carriage.



   We will now describe, with particular reference to FIG. 8 the return mechanism of the carriage with regard to the already mentioned clutch 100. In this regard, it is appropriate to refer to the US patent? 2 700 447 already cited in various instances and in particular in FIG. 22. thereof and to the corresponding descriptive part found in columns 16-18 of this patent. As explained therein, the reel for winding the return tape of the carriage, which here bears the reference 600, is rotatably mounted on the right end of the transmission shaft 96 which carries the rubberized roller 21. A In the immediate vicinity of spool 600 is a clutch disc 601 which is pinned to shaft 96 so as to rotate with it.

   In the normal disengaged position of the clutch, the adjacent face of the disc 601 has little or no action on the opposite flange 602 of the spool 600. The facing face of the clutch disc 601 is intended to come into contact. an axially sliding plate 603 so that when pressure is applied to move the plate 603 inwardly against the clutch disc 601, kinematic coupling is established between the opposing faces of the clutch disc 601 and of the flange 602 of the reel of the return strip of the carriage. The coupling pressure is transmitted to the plate 603 by a sleeve 604, against the outer face of which the end of the articulated lever 605 is applied.

   The mechanism operating the system of levers of which the lever 605 is the culmination and the remainder of the clutch, whereby the roller force 21 is transmitted to the reel 600 of the return tape of the cart for winding this tape and pulling the carriage back are described in detail in the US patent specification mentioned above. However, it should be noted that a spring 607 is interposed between the frame of the machine and the coil or pulley 600 and serves. to keep the return tape of the carriage 610 taut when the clutch is not in action, as is the case during the composition of a line.



   As shown in fig. 7, the ribbon E10 starting from the reel 600 passes around the pulleys 615 and 616 carried by the frame 50, which serve to give it two deviations at right angles and to direct it transversely to the machine, as seen at the bottom of fig. 31, then the tape passes around the inclined pulley 617 and the pulley 618 which directs it upwards and towards the vertical film feed mechanism.



   The following mechanism has been devised to utilize the energy brought into play by the return of the carriage, which is transmitted by the ribbon 610, in order to ensure the advancement of the film interlining and the pull back of the film. cart. Referring to Figs. 30, 31, 32, 34 and 35, it can be seen that at the end of the shaft 575 is mounted a gear wheel 620 which meshes with a small pinion 621 forming part of a gear train mounted on a short shaft 622-attached to box 210 of the film carrier trolley. A larger central wheel 624 forms part of the train carried by shaft 622 and this wheel meshes with a smaller wheel 625 which, as shown in FIG. 34, is carried by a bearing 626 rotatably threaded on the thicker part of a shaft 627 fixed to the box 210 by a nut 628.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 



   On re-examining the gear train of the short shaft 622 (fig. 30) it will be seen that a small internal pinion 630 is also attached to it and meshes with a wheel 623 rotatably mounted at the end of the shaft. film winding shaft 566 (see fig. 17 and 17A).



   In order to exert a frictional driving motion on the film reel 550, a slip clutch mechanism has been provided which comprises a flexible lining disc 634 pressed against a plate 635 having a split hub. in which engages a pin 636 driving it in rotation with the shaft 566 while allowing a limit longitudinal sliding movement thereon.



   The plate 635 presses the disc 634 against the toothed wheel 632 by means of a coil spring 638 bearing against the collar 639 fixed on the shaft 566.



  We see that in this way a certain slippage is possible between the. drive wheel 632 and the winding shaft 566 of the film which allows the film to be tensioned properly without tearing it or hampering the positive drive provided by the drive toothed wheels 576 of the shaft 575.



   Referring again to the gear train associated with the return tape 610 of the carriage, it is easily seen in Figs. 31, 32, 34 and 35, that the tape passes around the film advancement drum 650 which rotates on the short shaft 627 surrounding it. Inside the tape drum a shoulder disc 651 is attached to the shaft 627 by a solder 652, for example. The assembly formed by the disc 651 and the shaft 627 is fixed to the box 210 by means of a nut 628 as shown in FIG. 34. The disc 651 has a peripheral strip which fits at 656 into the inner periphery of an adjustment and registration ring 655.

   The disc 651 is normally fixed with respect to the box 210, but by loosening the nut 628 and turning the shaft with a screwdriver inserted in the groove made at the end 665 of the shaft, then by tightening the nut 628, the tension of the spring 657 ...



   The drum 650 is recessed to receive the spiral spring 657, one end of which is fixed to the disc 651 by means of a stud 658. The other end of the spring is fixed at 659 to the hub 660 of the drum 650.



   To the bearing 626 carrying the toothed wheel 625 is fixed a caster wheel 662. The elements 625, 626 and 662 are thus secured and rotate together on the shaft 627, the end of which is provided with a washer 663 and a slotted screw head 665.



   As shown in Figs. 32 and 35, one of the flanges of the tape drum 650 has a projection 670 carrying a pivot 671 on which is mounted a pawl 672 biased in the direction of clockwise, according to these figures, to be engaged between the teeth 673 of the ratchet wheel 662 by means of the spring 674, The other flange of the drum 650 is provided with a stop extension 675. The setting and marking ring 655 is provided with a stop d 'corresponding stop 677 on its outer face and has notches around its periphery
680; the end notches are referenced 680a and 680b to distinguish them.



   On the side of box 210 just below this rotating locator assembly is a box-shaped bracket 685 which surrounds a pull button 686 whose inner end also passes through an opening in box 210.



    To the rod of this button 686 is fixed a locating blade which passes through a slot in said rod. This blade passes through a slot 689 made in the top of the housing 685 and its active end 690 is intended to engage in one of the notches 680 of the locating ring 655, by properly turning the ring for this purpose. The blade and its button are biased into the engagement position by a coil spring 691 housed in the housing 685.



   On one of the walls of the housing 685 is mounted the stop finger 693 which prevents the ratchet wheel 662 from moving back when the pawl 672 does not push it. Also protrudes from the top of the housing 685 a stop 695 which constitutes

  <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 titutes one of the stops of the extension 675 of the drum 650, the stop 677 on the marking ring 655 constituting the second stop, as described below, '
The structure of the film registration and drive mechanism being thus described in detail, the operation of the machine will be examined. At the end of a predetermined stroke of the carriage 425-430 carrying the superimposed film carrier carriage F, the mechanism described in US patent 2,700,447 with regard to FIG.

   22 thereof and which has been mentioned in the present specification with regard to the clutch 100 of FIG. 8, initiates the return of the carriage by starting to wind the tape 610 around the reel 600, which has the effect of causing the tape to exert a pull on the ambour 650 and to rotate the latter in the sense of dextrorsum.

   Of course, the spring 674 urges the drive pawl 672 to rest against the teeth 673 of the ratchet 662 and thus the ratchet causes the toothed wheel 625 to drive the wheel 624 and the associated pinions 621 and 630, which respectively rotate. the wheel 620 on the film drive shaft 575 and the toothed wheel 632 on the film winding shaft 566, which ultimately has the effect of rotating the feed gears 577, to move the film vertically in the exposure compartment and to exert an unwinding frictional force on the reel 550 housed in the upper magazine 525.



   This film feed must be adjusted with great precision according to the desired spacing between the lines of the composition and for this purpose the registration ring 655 is rotated to a suitable adjustment position where the head 690 of the locating blade is housed in one of the notches 680 so as to hold the disc in the desired position. Each of the notches 680 carries an indication (as shown in Fig. 35) of the size in points of the leading to which it corresponds. Note that the end notch 680a produces the greatest line spacing and is marked 16, while the notch at the opposite end, which is marked 680b, is marked "4".



  These marks indicate the desired line spacing and it is seen that when the device is adjusted so that the locating blade 690 is engaged in the notch 680b, the stroke of the stop extension 675 of the drum 650 will be the shortest between the fixed stop 695 of the housing 685 and the position closest to the stop 677 carried by the locating ring 655 and thus the degree of rotation of the ratchet 662 and of the feed wheels 577 acting on the film will be equal at least four points.



   On the other hand, as shown in fig. 32, when the locating blade head 690 is inserted into the notch 680a of the locating ring 655, the maximum leading is obtained due to the stroke of the stopper projection 675 of the tape drum which can move circularly from the fixed stop 695 to the stop 677 which, as shown in fig. 32, is very close to the fixed stop 695. It can be seen that in this way the drum 650 can turn nearly 360 by driving the ratchet 662.



   It should be noted that the finger 693 which prevents the ratchet 662 from turning back is forked and that one of the teeth of the fork is shorter than the other. These teeth of the fork thus do a double job by engaging alternately in the teeth of the ratchet, which makes it possible to provide the latter with only a number of teeth equal to half of that which would otherwise be required. ment and allows each tooth of the ratchet to be longer, which is advantageous both for the manufacture and for the operation of this part of the machine.



   In order to optionally be able to wind the film by hand, a button 700 is attached to the end of the drive shaft 575, opposite the gear wheel 620. In order to constantly indicate the position of the drive shaft. 'drive, a graduated disc 702 may be attached to the frame inwardly relative to the knob 700 and an index 703 may be attached to the shaft to indicate the position of the shaft and film with respect to the drive. at the graduations of disc 702.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 



   A device for recording the amount of film used is shown in Figs, 2, 6 and 30 in the form of a counter 710 fixed to the frame by means of a support 711 and having a gear wheel 712. taken together with the toothed wheel 620 of the feed shaft, the ratio between the wheels being calculated to indicate in centimeters for example the length of film consumed.



   Various elements and accessories.



  Referring to Figs. 8, 36 and 37, a description will now be given of the relationship between the new, electrical character selection devices and the basic / machine selection mechanism disclosed in the above-mentioned US patents.



   When the capital selection bar is actuated either by a key on the keyboard or by the normal unwinding of the perforated strip, the corresponding cam mechanism 725 (fig. 36) is actuated by the drive cylinder. - ment 21 and causes the link 726 to pull the arm of the rocker arm 727, which is articulated at 728 on a horizontal part of the bottom of the frame of the machine. The rocker 727 comprises a wing 730 which is disposed above a tubular guide 731 fixed in the part 729 of the frame, a guide in which moves the rod 732 of a pusher, the lower end of which is disposed above. above the lower blade of a switch 735 and bears against this blade by means of a piece of insulating material 733 ". This switch also comprises an upper blade 734.

   The blades 733 and 734 are provided with contact grains 736 and due to their normal elasticity, the blades would tend to press against each other, if they were not prevented from doing so by the fact that the rocker arm 727 , by means of the pusher 732 separates the lower blade 733 from the upper blade 734, as a result of the action of the spring 737 which connects its wing 730 to a fixed part of the frame of the machine. As a result, switch 735 is normally open, but upon actuation of the capital selection mechanism, rocker arm 727 rotates in the dextrorsal direction according to FIG. 36, which removes the action of spring 737 and allows the switch to close for a short time during the duty cycle of cam mechanism 725.



   The way in which the switch 735 is fixed to the underside of the frame of the machine is shown on the left part of fig, 8, where we see the blades of the switch held by an insulating block 738 and the whole fixed by means of a plate or a spring 739 to the frame.



   The mechanism for actuating the selection devices forming part of the optical system will be described during the detailed description of the electrical circuits.



   The lower case actuating mechanism operates in a similar manner (see fig. 37), the cam mechanism 740 being connected by a link 741 to the rocker arm 742 articulated at 743 to a part 744 of the frame of the machine. . A wing 745 of the rocker arm is disposed above a tubular guide 746 mounted on part 744 of the frame and in which slides a pusher 748 applying against the upper blade 749 of a switch 750 which controls the selection of the switches. letters. lowercase. The switch 750 includes a lower blade 752 and the contact grains 754 of the blades are normally closed by the fact that the rocker arm 742 is normally biased in the dextrorsum direction by a spring 755. The blades 749 and 752 tend to move apart. due to their inherent elasticity when the pusher 748 does not prevent them.



   Switch 750 includes a mounting block 760 attached by means of a plate or bracket 761 to the underside of the machine as shown in the right side of FIG. 8.



   Just under the support of the switch 750, it can be seen in FIG. 8 is a character mix switch 765 which consists of two resilient blades 766 which are normally spaced apart to open the switch. The-

  <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 Element 767 is one of the sliders of the code selector 13 and is intended to be actuated by reception of a mix code signal which, as described above can be produced by operating the shift lever. lettering color of machine A. Slider 767 closes switch contacts through an insulator block 768, when actuated. Switch 765 is supported by part 458 of the frame by means of a bracket 769.

   The operation of this switch and its action will be explained during the detailed description of the electrical circuits.



   Referring to fig. 5, the gearbox G mounted on the left side of the machine carries an indicator light 770, an electric switch operable by means of the lever 771 a second switch operable by means of the lever 772, both of which will be described at the same time than circuits. The box G also includes a galvanometer 775 which gives the value of the light intensity of the lamp 225. The means for measuring this intensity and for transmitting it to the galvanometer 775 will be described at the same time as the circuits.



   Circuit diagram
Before proceeding with the description of the operation of the new typographic composer of the invention and the succession of operations which take place during the printing of a character on the film, it is good to first describe the various components and elements. circuits shown schematically in FIGS. 40A and 40B.



   Most of the circuits shown in the diagrams operate under 90 volts DC which are supplied by the rectifier of fig, 9 and in the absence of any indication of voltage it is understood that the current carried is at the voltage of 90V. However, certain parts of the assembly and in particular the parts of it likely to be touched occasionally by the operator are supplied with 24 volts direct, a voltage which can be considered as being supplied by the transformer 72 and the rectifier. 73. A circuit supplied by this source comprises a certain number of contacts controlled by cam 1 and certain contacts on the plate-disc D. A line 800 goes from the positive of the rectifier 73 to the relay RG, which the we will now describe.



   In the part of the circuit shown in fig. 40A one easily recognizes the cliché disc D, the shutter S and the control and shutter shaft 160 which carries the cam-holder hub 177 at one of its ends, as well as the three cams I, II and III. We also see the selection electromagnets, the clutch electromagnet and the exhaust electromagnet, which will all be mentioned in turn during the description of the circuits.



   Reference should now be made to the aforementioned US patents and in particular to patent 2,700,447, fig. 71B and columns 5, 13, and 47-53 of the description of this patent, where the general assembly of the circuits of the justification typewriter from which the composer of the invention is derived is explained. It should be noted that six switches are intended to be actuated by the code selector 13 which are designated in this patent by ECA, ECB, ECC, ECD, ECE and ECF, and, as has already been said, serve to selectively excite the exhaust electromagnets EM1, EM2 and EM3 as they are referenced in this patent. In this memorandum, (see fig. 40B), the selection contacts are designated by SE7, SE8, SE9, SE10, SE11 and SE12 and they are used to control the exhaust solenoids LE3, LE2 and LE1.

   Three of the selector contacts control the different combinations of the exhaust solenoids for the correct widths of the lower case characters, while the other three contacts control the combinations of the exhaust solenoids to be energized to obtain the desired widths for the capitals. or upper case characters. The assignment of the functions thus described is accomplished by the RF relay which is intended to be energized by actuation of the capitals selection switch 735.

   The closing of the switch 735 causes the excitation of the change-of-case solenoid 308 by the passage of a current through the contacts of.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 switch 750 normally closed and when the RF relay is energized, closing the F1 contacts establishes a hold circuit for the RF relay, which circuit does not open until the switch contacts 750 open to return to lowercase.



   It will be noted in fig. 71b of US Pat. No. 2,700,447 two interconnected contacts referenced CSC and described in column 13 of this patent as case change contacts which are actuated when the character bin is raised or lowered. the typewriter covered by this patent. It will be noted that the intermediate contacts' of these groups are connected to the (-) pole of the direct current source and these contacts have their counterpart in the contacts F2 and F3 of the present circuit, which contacts are actuated by the RF relay and have similar center contacts connected to the negative side of the 90 volt source and which are referenced J2 and J3.



   It is easy to see how the actuation of the contacts F2 'and F3 alternately causes the appropriate selection of the selector contacts SE7-12 depending on whether the character is or is not a capital or a lowercase,
It will be remembered that the spacing electromagnets are respectively activated to allow the carriage to move a distance corresponding to one, two or three character spacing units. Suppose, for example, that the electromagnet LE1 releases the exhaust for one stroke of one unit, the electromagnet LE2 for two units and the electro LE3 for three units.

   It is also understood that the combination of these magnets makes it possible to obtain variable exhausts between one and six units which are the basis of the particular system described here in the example. Following the circuit wiring diagram, it can be seen that the contacts SE7 and SE10 actuated by the code selector are associated with the solenoid LE2 of two units and that the contacts SE9 and SE12 are actuated by the electro- three-unit LE3 magnet; and these groups of contacts, are obviously actuated selectively according to the change of case .commanded by the RF relay through the contacts FE and F3.

   In RA, RE and RC are installed 'exhaust holding relays which establish holding circuits through the normally open contacts A3, B3 and C3 which not only prolong the excitation of the exhaust electros LE3, LE2 and LE1 after their initial energization, by contacts SE7-12, but still intervene by normally closed contacts D3, D2 and D1 to keep relays RA, RB and RC energized for as long as necessary.



   Referring to the bottom of the right part of fig. 40A, we see two contacts 803 and 804 which, as shown in the diagram of FIG. 4, are additional contacts added to the RCC contact assembly shown in FIG. 54 of US Patent NI '2 700 447, and which are intended to be actuated at the same time as the common contact when reading a character or a function in code. Contacts 803 are normally open, while contacts 804 are normally closed. Further details on the 804 contacts will be given later.

   The 803 contacts on closing energize an RE relay which is set so as to have a delay in opening of one hundred milliseconds, which is sufficient to account for the holding circuits added to extend the time for the accomplishment of the specified functions. , The relay RE, through the contacts E2, is used to interrupt a circuit passing through the clutch electromagnet of the LPR drive which is described in detail under the designation PRM in the US patent? 2700 447. Contact E1 establishes a holding circuit for relay RE, via contacts A2, B2 and C2 which are controlled by exhaust holding relays RA, RB and RC and thus this branch of the circuit. of the drive's electromagnets is held until the exhaust process is complete.



   In order to release the cam shutter control shaft 160 for the execution of its two partial revolutions per cycle, by means of the successive releases of the projections 180 and 181 of the hub 177 using the elec - tro-magnet 192, a circuit is provided through the G1 contacts controlled by the

  <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 RG relay which, for its part, is controlled by a contact Ia actuated by the bump IA of cam I, this circuit being earthed through one of the normally open contacts A1, B1 and 01 which can be given the name of the control shaft release contacts which intervene in the course of the first part of the control shaft cycle 160.



   It can be seen that the hollow IB of the cam I serves to close the contacts 1b which complete a 24 volts direct circuit through the contact 330 which is applied against the contact ring 320 carried by the plate disc D and which , for its part is connected to each of the three stop pins 325 of the disc. The stop pins, coming into contact with the stop blades 390 close the circuit by the mass and, when the contact IB is closed, this has the consequence of energizing the clutch electromagnet 192 by releasing the control shaft with a view to its progression for the second part of its cycle.



  * By means of its boss IIIB, the cam III closes the contacts IIIb, which has the effect of exciting the exhaust electromagnet 455 which allows the exhaust to take place over a distance corresponding to the selective excitation of the LE3, LE2 and LE1 exhaust electrodes which has already taken place, keeping the actual exhaust ready to be carried out at the desired time.



   The vacuum IIIA of the cam III serves to close the contacts IIIa which are in circuit with the exhaust electromagnet 455 and preferably with a manual contact 771, so that when the two contacts IIIa and 771 are closed. However, the exhaust solenoid 455 receives an additional excitation during the rotation of the cam III which has the effect of repeating the spacing and multiplying it by two. This is a very ingenious and practical way of doubling the escape length and thus the character size and which can be used either when replacing the cliché disc D with another, or with the same disc, when one of its characters requires double spacing of the others.



   At the top of fig. 40A is shown the secondary circuit relating to the actuation of the mixing electromagnet 290. As already explained, a given code indication of the perforated strip actuates a suitable key lever. placed under the keypad, which operates the appropriate selector slider 767 of selector mechanism 13, which in turn serves to close contact 765 for a short time, thereby energizing winding 805 of progressive rotary switch 810 shown schematically in this figure. A line 806 connects the source (-90V direct) to the rotor 807 which carries a brush 808 sliding on a disc 810a of insulating material carrying a series of contacts connected alternately to the line 809 leading to the mixing electromagnet 290.

   By examining the wiring diagram of the progressive rotary switch it is easy to see that each time the winding 805 is energized, the switch advances by one step and since the contacts are connected in such a way as to energize and de-energize the electromagnet alternately. 290, it is readily understood that each second progression of switch 810 results in a change from normal characters to another sort which in this particular example are bold characters.



   A conductor 811 connects the progressive switch to the indicator light 770 which thus lights up each time the switch 810 is placed to read a character of the second type.



   Where characters of the second type require double spacing of those of the first type, it may be very advantageous to place the dual exhaust control circuits under the control of the soft switch 810.



   Fig. 41 is a further diagram of a modification of the circuit of FIG. 40A where a switch 814 'is connected in bypass between the conductor 811 and the indicator light 770 and on the line 825 connecting a contact 771 to the cam contact Ia. When contact 814 'is open, the usual single exhaust

  <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 occurs and the mixer operates normally to simply switch from the first type of characters to the second.

   On the other hand, when the widths of the characters of the second type are multiples of those of the corresponding characters of the first type, it is possible to close the switch 814 'and each actuation of the usual switch 810 which serves to energize the electro- magnet 290, also completes a circuit by which the negative conductor 806 is energized by the switch 814 'and the contact IIIa so as to energize the exhaust electromagnet 405 and thus automatically produce a double exhaust each time that the mixer is placed to bring in a character of the second type. The actuation of the switch 814 'of FIG. 41 is obviously carried out in alternation with that of the manual double exhaust contact 771.



   Another assembly having the same purpose, but which is optional, is shown in the upper part of FIG. 40A where it is seen that the step switch 810 of the mixer 290 comprises a second annular series of contacts mounted on a separate insulating disc 810b, in a known manner. The brush 808 'slides on these contacts by alternately connecting the negative conductor 806' to the line 809 'which leads to the contact IIIb. Line 809 'has a hand operable contact 814 by means of which this particular dual exhaust circuit can be switched on and off.

   Closing contact 814 has exactly the same effect as closing contact 814 'of FIG. 41, except that the brush 808 'of the additional switch 810 is not in phase with the brush 808 of the main switch 810 on its disc 810a, so that the double escape corresponds to the use of the first type of characters of the disc-cliché D and no longer of the second type. This arrangement therefore allows the characters of the first type to be wider than those of the second type and provides the double spacing which is suitable for this reverse situation.



   It also falls within the scope of the invention to provide more than two active parts on the cam III and to actuate the exhaust device for a triple and even quadruple exhaust in different character size ratios, such as 1/2 or 1/3. By multiplying the recessed parts IIIA of the cam, as well as the projecting parts IIIB, it is possible to obtain ratios of the order of 2/3 or 3/4 for example.



   By means of bosses IIB, cam II closes contact IIb which completes a circuit passing through relay RD, which serves to open the holding circuit established by relays RA RB and RC associated with exhaust electromagnets LE3 , LE2 and LE1. Relay RD interrupts this circuit by opening contacts D3, D2 and D1 and after de-energizing relays RA, RB and RC, the reader maintenance circuit passing through A2, B2 and C2 is interrupted as well as the relay circuit. release of the control shaft by contacts A1, B1 and C1. This reader circuit is established to close in accordance with the inherent delay of the RE relay, due to the requirements alluded to previously.



   Through the depressed parts IIA of cam II, the contacts of contact IIA close, which completes a circuit by the drive control relay RH which keeps itself energized after having been initially energized by contact IIa , by H1 contacts and the normally closed contacts of contact 804 associated with the common reader contact. The operation of the RH relay closes the H2 contact which initiates the subsequent action of the LPR control electromagnet of the reader before its normal actuation by the E2 contact resulting from the delayed action of the RE relay, so that There is no time wasted to trigger the operation of the circuits for the next character. However, the RH relay is kept energized by the circuit comprising the contacts H1 and 804 until the next code to be read appears on the perforated strip.

   At this moment the common RCC contact is actuated again; which automatically opens contact 804, thus releasing the RH relay and returning it to its normal state.



   The lamp 225 receives its current from a circuit comprising the secondary of the transformer 71 and can be switched on and off by the contact 772 of this circuit.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 cooked. A rheostat 812 is inserted into the primary circuit of transformer 71 in order to adjust the intensity of the current supplied to the 225 A filament of the lamp, in accordance with the requirements of the character display.



   A photoelectric cell 815 is associated with the lamp 225 and is connected by means of conductors 816 to the galvanometer 775 which indicates the intensity of the light emitted by the filament of the lamp 225. A manual element referenced 820 is provided to perform the resetting the 775 galvanometer,
How the composer works
In order to describe the electro-mechanical operation of the composing machine of the invention, it is convenient to describe the action of the various parts and of the various circuits involved in printing a capital letter of the "T" for example. , in bold type or other characters of a secondary type, assuming the machine is initially set for normal lowercase operation of the primary type.

   It will be convenient during this discussion to refer to the timing diagram of fig. 42 while following the circuits in the diagrams of fig.



  40A and 40B. Reference will also be made to the perforated strip of FIG. 3. It will be assumed that the appropriate code signals pierced on the perforated strip corresponding to a capital T in bold capital arrive in front of the reader.



   Suppose that the code corresponding to the capitalization is entered in sector 16. As when reading any code, the common ROC contact will be actuated at the start of the reading cycle and the rotation of the translator tree 14 begins. The contacts 803 and 804 associated to be actuated at the same time as the common contact, close and open respectively.



  Closing of contact 803 energizes delay relay RE which is set for a 100 millisecond delay on opening. The actuation of this relay cuts the circuit of the LPR reader by opening the contacts E2. Contact E1 closes to partially complete a holding circuit for relay RE, a circuit which also includes contacts A2, B2 and C2. These last contacts associated with the escape mechanism, provide another delay after the 100 milliseconds of delay provided by the RE relay for a character setting cycle, but the delay specific to the RE relay is sufficient for the execution. various operations relating to recording or performing the various selection functions.



  So, as the table in fig. 42, the translator 14 comes into action immediately and by the action of the upper case code (positions 6-3-4-5 of the band 11 chosen as an example in FIG. 3); the researcher selected 489-490 pulls the corresponding upper case bar 27, which applies the associated cam 31 against the drive roller 21 and, by the linkages 726-730 shown in FIG. 36, causes the closure of the normally open capitals contact 735. This has the effect of energizing the RF case change relay which is automatically locked by closing the contact F1 of its holding circuit which also includes the lower case contact 750 normally closed, this action of maintaining the upper case circuit persists until the opening of the lower case contact.



   Contact F1 fulfills the dual function of establishing the maintenance circuit just mentioned and of completing a circuit to the case change electromagnet 308 intended to make the prism 271 pivot (fig. 16) so as to project a capital inscribed in the appropriate curved row of characters on disk D.



   The energization of the RF case change relay also causes, by the selective actuation of the contacts F2 and F3, the selection of three among the six selector contacts SE7-SE12, to determine the capital exhaust and, of course, to open. the circuit of the other three contacts. However, these contacts are not actuated before a character code has been read, as will be described now.



   The change of case just described took place during

  <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 the delay of the relay RE and when the latter drops out, the LPR reader is again activated by the closing of contact E2, which causes the following code to be read. In this example, it turns out that this is a character change code which, by translator 14 and transmitting devices, including selector cursor 767, operates contact 765, like the indicate figs, 4 and 8.

   This advances the soft switch 810, which completes a circuit through the type change electromagnet 290, to rotate the prism 270 to select the desired pair of curved rows. of characters including the secondary type to project it from disk D through the final cover 212 onto the filmstrip. This circuit is thus maintained until the soft switch 810 has been energized again and has returned to occupy one of its alternating switching points, whereby the type 290 changeover electromagnet is switched off. is de-energized, the type change prism then automatically returning to the position corresponding to: main type of characters thanks to the return spring provided. The RE relay drops again and the reader is re-energized.



   Thus, it can be seen that the change type prism is used to select the pair of character rows corresponding to the desired character type of the disc and the case change prism is used to select either the row of capitals or the lower case row. type of characters chosen.



   The machine is now ready to project a fat capital and it is then that the code corresponding to the letter "T" is read (position 5 on strip 11). This has the effect that the translator 14 activates the searcher 489-490 associated with the keyboard bar of the letter "T"; which is pulled so as to apply the corresponding cam 31 against the drive roller the selector 13 bringing in addition the desired selector contacts, (including the capital contacts SE10-12 already engaged by the shift relay RF breakage by means of contacts F2 and F3) to close, thus completing one or more circuits passing through one or more of the exhaust electromagnets LE3, LE2 and LE1.

   By processes similar to those already described, with reference to the previous operating cycles, the contact 803 closes and the contact 804 opens.



   Because the contacts D3, D2 and D1 are normally closed, it follows that by completing a circuit with one or more of the exhaust electromagnets, a circuit is also closed through one or more of the relays. associated exhaust RA, RB and RC, The energization of relays RA, RB and RC causes the closing of contacts A3, B3 and C3 which establishes a holding circuit passing through the selected exhaust electros in order to to hold or "freeze" the desired exhaust length until it is appropriate to apply it to the truck, and contacts A3, B3 and C3 also lock relays RA, RB and RC in position.



   The energization of the relays RA, RB and RC activates the hold contacts of the reader A2, B2 and C2 which serve to extend the delay of 100 milliseconds introduced by the relay RE.



   The cam and shutter drive shaft 160 comes into action during this character selection period, which is accomplished by completing a 24 volt circuit through the RG relay, first as a result of closing the switch. 'one or more of the contacts A1, B1 and C1 by the energization of the relays RA, RB and RC when the escape mechanism is activated.

   At the start of rotation of shaft 160, at the start of any character selection cycle, the raised part IA of cam I holds contact Ia closed, as shown in FIG. 40A and thus the circuit is completed by the relay RG which closes the contact G1 sending a 90 V pulse to the clutch solenoid 192 to allow the control shaft 160 to turn. of the first 90 of its cycle, When the shaft 160 begins to turn, the cam I allows the initial contact Ia connected to the relay RG, to open, so that the clutch release electromagnet 192 ceases to be

  <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 be excited so that the stop arm 190 is placed to stop the rotation of the shaft after contact with the projection 180.



   As a result of the pull of the "T" keyboard bar by Finder 489-490, the appropriate pivot lever 350 pivots to bring the stop blade 390 of the "T" into a position freeing all of the previous stop blade. by the excess movement of the locking plate 435.,. the Anterior stop blade then releasing the disc D, after which the rotation of the shaft 125 of this disc causes the latter in forward until it meets the new stop blade which, of course, stops it at the position corresponding to the letter "T" of the closest 120 sectors it presents.



   At this moment the cam I has turned sufficiently to bring the hollow part IB to the point where the contact Ib is closed, which completes the 24 volts circuit of the relay RG by the contact. 330, the conductive ring 320 and the plug of stop 325 of the disc D and the stop blade, to the mass. This has the effect of re-energizing the RG relay which again energizes the clutch release solenoid 192 in order to continue the second part of the cycle which, in the present example, takes up about 2700 of the complete cycle. During the initial phase of this second part of the cycle, the exposure window 235 of the shutter moves to the exposure position and the image of the character "T" is projected by the optical system onto the film. f through the various lenses, prisms and masks provided, as shown in fig. 20A and 20B.



   Now must take place the escape of the film carrier and this occurs by excitation of the exhaust electromagnet 455 which by the mechanism, shown in fig. 38-39, with which it is associated, allows the appropriate exhaust electromagnets to effect the differential exhaust of the carriage according to the body of the capital letter "T". This is obtained by the contacts controlled by cam III. The simple exhaust corresponding to the example described is carried out by closing contact IIIb. alone.



   At this point it may be expedient to return briefly to the multiple exhaust provided by the present invention. A double exhaust can be carried out by actuating the contact IIIb, then the contact IIIa by means of the recessed or depressed part IIIA of the cam. Other exhaust ratios can be obtained by providing additional bosses or hollows on the cam III in order to actuate the contacts IIIa or IIIb several times. Triple, quadruple or larger escapes can thus be established and various intermediate ratios can also be obtained for particular combinations of characters on a given cliché disc.

   Thus, for example, by assuming that the same disc carries eight point characters and twelve point characters, the carriage mechanism can be designed for a four point escape and cam. interchangeable III will be chosen to give double escape switching for eight point characters and triple escape for twelve point characters.



   Returning to the description of the composition of the capital letter "T", it will be understood that at an appropriate time before the escapement is completed, the next reading operation commences as a result of the rotation of the came 'II.



   The lower part IIA of the cam II closes the contact IIa which completes a circuit passing through the control relay of the reader RH, which, through the contacts H2, excites the electromagnet LPR so that the following code is perforated in the band. de can be read immediately after the end of the current cycle. At the same time, a maintenance circuit for the RH relay is established by closing contact H1.



  This hold circuit includes normally closed contact 804. Contact 804, it will be remembered, is designed to open when the reader contacts operate, thereby interrupting the RH relay holding circuit. At one point in the cycle, boss IIB of cam II closes contact IIb which energizes relay RD, opening contacts D3, D2 and D1, which eliminates all established connections.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 for the exhaust system. Due to the delay inherent in deactivating the exhaust control circuits, this latter operation can be started before the exhaust is actually completed, thus saving time; this appears on the operating diagram of fig. 42.

   Thus, the composition of the capital letter "T" is completed and the mechanism is already reading the next code sign punched in the strip,
Using the composer
In order to demonstrate the various possibilities of the machine according to the invention, a few examples of composition will be described below using all the mechanisms of the new composition system with which it is provided.



   The peculiarities described of the system comprising reader A and composer B relate to new means for switching automatically in tape control, from one type of character to at least another type in the composition and the proof. Typed check has a color indication when such a character change has been struck on the register. Automatic change can involve both a change in character type and a change in size or body. Means are also provided in the new system both on the keyboard and in the typewriter to facilitate the manual change of types and sizes of characters by changing the cliché discs and by an escape mechanism. 'interchangeable.



  Means are also provided for making corrections at several points of the system. Means have also been provided for utilizing the most economical width of film or photographic paper in the film carriage.



   As an example, suppose the setup had been prepared to compose with Bodoni Italic characters of 14 size in 190mm line and a new job needs to be done in 140mm lines with lean Newsface characters. size 8, bold Newsface type 8, Franklin Gothic size 12 and Franklin Gothic Italic size 12.



  The manuscript provided with the usual typographical indications is transmitted to the typographer. Suppose that the first line is to be composed in Franklin Gothic of body 12 aligned to the left over a total length of 140 mm. Referring to a table or a special graduation divided into units of 12 points, provided on the keyboard or = ¯ on the register, the operator places the length measurement on a number of units corresponding to a line of 140 mm in size characters 12.



  It indicates the total measurement at the anterior end of the tape as well as the cliché disc and the instructions for changing the spacing, then proceeds to strike the line while keeping the non-justification or command button pressed. left alignment. As he hits the line, he produces a punched tape and typed proof. Assuming that Franklin Gothic characters occupy the main character row on the disc, the typed proof will be outlined in black for that row.

   The operator indicates in pencil on the perforated tape to the driver of the photo-component to use a cliché disc bearing Gothic Franklin characters of body 12, and to change the gears. correspondents and the desired line spacing,
Suppose the following line is to be justified in Franklin Gothic Italic of body 12 to the same measurement of 140mm and the interchangeable gears do not have to be changed, the operator first switches the machine to works with justification. He then presses the color change button on the keyboard. This produces a color change (or character type) code sign on the tape and places the red portion of the typewriter tape in place.

   Then he hits the line to produce the corresponding punched tape and a control proof written in red.



   Suppose the previous two lines are a header and a running title - which should be followed by an additional 18 line spacing.

  <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 period then a text composed in Newsface characters of body 8.



   The operator then types a code sign to stop the composter automatically. He then unwinds a little blank ribbon by pressing the ribbon feed button. On this blank ribbon he writes in pencil or ink the instructions for the operator of the composer, for example, "Manual feed 18 points, change to 8 points, change gears and put a Newsface character disc body 8 comprising a series in "bold." Then, referring to its table or to a special graduation provided on the register, it sets the registering machine to a number of 8 points equivalent to the = length of 140 mm that must have the job completed.



   Following the manuscript, he proceeds to type the text in 8-body characters. The total length of the text typed with the same letters is greater than that of the preceding text in 12-body characters. he arrives near the end of the line, a light indicates to him on the keyboard that the line is within the limits of the justification. He then completes the composition of the line in train by ending the current word or by putting a hyphen and he presses the justification and return button of the carriage. This activates the justification punches, the carriage return punches and causes the carriage to return.



   If the operator notices at this moment an error or a mistake in the line which has just been composed, he can activate a delete button which causes the composer to automatically skip this line. He then typed this line again, making the necessary corrections both on the perforated tape and on the typed proof.



   While typing the text, the operator can press the color change button in order to use the bolded code signs, as may be necessary for some words or lines written in bold.



  This maneuver causes the punching of a change of character type sign in the perforated strip and gives rise to a text typed in red in the places which will be in bold type. In case the secondary type is of different size, the composer will be set to operate with multiple escapement or else a stop code will be provided in the perforated strip and appropriate instructions will be written on the strip requesting the change. gears. In this case the operator must refer to his table or to the graduated scales to calculate the desired changes in units of measurement so that the actual measurement of the final photo-composition is that desired.



   The above operations result in the production on the one hand of a coded and annotated perforated tape and a typing proof. The typing proof can be used for typographical correction, in which case the author or editor will make the desired changes. It can then be returned to the register for correction.



   These corrections can then be made by transforming the lines to be corrected into perforated bands and mounting these new lines in the original perforated band after having obviously eliminated the erroneous line. In this case we finally obtain a corrected mounted perforated tape corresponding to an annotated corrected typing proof, the corrected tape being ready to pass through the automatic composer to produce the final draft of the composition.



   Where there is a large number of corrections and / or a corrected proof is to be obtained, it is advantageous to use a second process to produce a corrected perforated tape. The original tape to be corrected is placed in the tape drive of the recorder and by operating the control buttons this tape is used to semi-automatically activate this machine so as to reproduce the correct parts. When one arrives at an incorrect part of the composition, the operator stops the machine and makes the desired correction by typing by hand ... After that, the operator skips the part

  <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 of the perforated tape by operating the reader by hand, then proceed as before.

   In this way, one obtains a corrected perforated strip and a corrected unjustified letterpress proof.



   One of the essential objects of the invention is to provide a perforated strip which comes as close as possible to perfection, intended to control an automatic photocomposer. The aim is to make the necessary corrections where it is easiest and to avoid as far as possible the need to make corrections by the more expensive and more difficult process of cutting and mounting. film or photographic paper. The corrected perforated tape can be used to operate the dialer automatically.



   When setting up the machine to pass the web as described above, the operator may find it more economical to replace the 195mm film with a 145mm wide film. In this case, he will have to mount a magazine loaded with 145 mm film on the film trolley instead of the magazine loaded with 195 mm film. He must also move one of the feed wheels and use a 145 mm support and guide plate. The film is threaded by using, for example, an adhesive tape to secure the end thereof to the drive spool of the receiving magazine. After fitting the upper carriage cover, the machine is ready to operate.



   Thread the punched tape through the reader and place the cliché disc and: appropriate gears on the machine, push the play start button and the machine begins to compose the first two lines of Franklin Gothic characters. 12 and in Franklin Gothic italic body 12. After the second line the tape includes a stopper dildo which automatically stops the composer. The machine operator, noting the stop, reads the instructions written in pencil on the tape and follows the indications. As instructed, he advances the film by 18 points using the button and dial provided for this purpose on the film carrier.



   Then, it replaces the snapshot disk with a Newsface character disk with "bold" size 8, as indicated by the handwritten instructions. The machine being ready to continue, he presses the start button on the reader and the machine automatically continues to compose the text in Newsface body 8. The work is completed in a similar manner.



   When it is desired to make corrections or simple modifications to the text by cutting and rewinding the film this can sometimes be done by typing the desired text by hand on composer B. The composer keyboard is also used for. avoid the need to activate the recorder when small, unjustified fragments of composition are needed or when the driver wishes to write a message directly on the film or photographic paper.



   The product resulting from the above-described operation of the new machine of the invention is a film or photographic paper properly impressed with the images of the characters forming the typographic material of the text to be printed and which therefore fact carries the latent image of the typographic composition. This film gradually winds around the spool 550 of the light-tight magazine 525 from where it is finally withdrawn for development by suitable means which depend on the nature of the image formed. The film or photographic paper is then ready for use to produce by conventional photo-mechanical processes a shape for an ordinary press, offset or otherwise.



   It should be noted that a very broad interpretation should be given to the terms used above; thus, for example, the term "film" covers any suitable photosensitive medium; likewise, the

  <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 The term "tape" is intended to denote any element capable of recording the code from the register and reproducing it in the composer.



   It goes without saying that modifications can be made to the composing machine and to the composition system which have been described, in particular by substituting equivalent technical means without going beyond the scope of the present invention. invention.



   CLAIMS.



   1. - A portable composing machine 'of the photographic type which comprises, in combination, a support frame having the dimensions and the general shape of a conventional electric typewriter, a cliché disc mounted on this frame and bearing at least an assortment of characters; carriage moving progressively in a given direction on this frame;

   photographic film carried by the carriage so as to enable successive parts to be exposed, a light source carried by this frame, an optical system arranged so as to illuminate the appropriate part of the cliché disc by the light from the source so as to project the image of a selected character of the cliché disc onto the film means for controlled rotation of the cliché disc in order to present a selected character to the optical system;

   a shutter interposed between the optical system and the film normally intercepting the light going from the light source to the disc, but capable of letting the light pass momentarily with a view to projecting the image of the selected character on the film, said shutter comprising a rotating disc parallel and adjacent to the cliché disc having a window and driven by a synchronization device in order to expose the film at the suitable time after the establishment of the chosen character as a result of the rotation the snapshot disc;

   variable escape device to move the carriage according to the width of a selected character, to provide spaces between words and to perform line justification, a carriage return mechanism operable to start a new line of composition and of the drive members intervening to operate the selection of characters, the spacing, the justification and the return of the carriage and of the control members kinematically connecting the various devices actuated to these drive members.



   2. - Composing machines of the kind mentioned under 1 characterized in that the film in the form of a roll is arranged in a light-tight box so as to be able to be unwound in order to successively present flat parts of its surface the image of character projected by the optical system, then rewound with a view to its development, while the control members kinematically connecting the actuated devices to the driving members, are controlled by a code system ensuring automatic operation. - matic.



   3. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 and 2, characterized in that the cliché disc carries several types of characters arranged concentrically in radially spaced arcs of a circle and the optical system comprises movable members capable of deflecting the beam light from the source so as to selectively project a character of one or the other type.

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.


    

Claims (1)

4. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 3, characterized in that the same assortment of characters is repeated in several sectors around the cliché disc, any given character occupying the same relative position in each of the sectors, while the device which controls the rotation of the cliché disc comprises stops which can be arranged for the selection of a given character and which stop the rotation of the risk-cliché at the point where the next selected character arrives. to the projection position on the film whether it is in the sector of the character used previously or in the next sector which approaches. <Desc / Clms Page number 39> 5. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 4, characterized in that the mechanism controlling the rotation of the plate disc comprises a sliding coupling for driving the plate disc which carries stops cooperating with stops stop carried by the frame, means being provided to put in place one of these latter stops for the selection of a character and to stop the rotation of the cliché disc at a point where the next type of the selected character is approaching will occupy the projection position on the film. 6. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 5, characterized in that a second carriage carries the film and means support the second carriage on the first carriage so that it moves relative to the latter and in the same direction as it, these means comprising an interchangeable gear train ensuring the proportional movement between the two carriages, so that the amplitude of the exhaust movements of the second carriage can be in a determined relationship with the elementary movements of the first carriage . 7. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 6, characterized in that a mechanism is associated with the return mechanism of the carriage to move the film vertically for the purpose of line spacing, at the same time substantially as the carriage returns to its original position. starting position. 8. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 7, characterized in that the optical system comprises a lens for directing a light beam coming from the source through the disc towards the film, a reflecting member placed in the film. trajectory of the beam between the disc and the film, means for angularly moving the reflecting member so as to project selectively onto the film one or other of the characters of different types belonging to sets spaced radially on the disc -cliche. 9. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 8, characterized in that the cliché disc comprises opaque regions and transparent regions which delimit the characters of the various types, each complete set of characters being divided into circular rows. concentric lowercase and capital letters respectively. 10. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 9, characterized in that the optical system comprises a second reflecting member and means for angularly moving this second member so as to selectively project the row of lower case letters or capitals of each assortment . 11. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 10, characterized in that a cover is mounted in the path of the beam of light rays, in front of the plate disc and is pierced with an opening framing a given character. of the radial column containing all the variations of case and assortment, while a second cover is placed after the reflective elements, just in front of the film and is pierced with an opening which frames one of the variations of the character given of one or the other assortment or breaks according to the selection produced by the adjustment of the reflective members. 12. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 11, characterized in that the character selection device comprises a friction coupling permanently urging the plate disc to rotate around its axis in a given direction, elements stopper carried by said disc, a series of stop elements carried by the frame and each of which selectively moves individual stops corresponding to the selected characters to place them in the path of the stopper elements of the disc, so that the latter is stopped against the frictional stress of its coupling when the selected character occupies the breeding position and means for returning the stop elements to their initial position after which the coupling is made. friction drive again drives the cliché disc. 13. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 12, characterized in that the device for stopping the cliché disc comprises at least one pin <Desc / Clms Page number 40> stop protruding from the plate disc, while the elements carried by the frame comprise a number of thin blades moving longitudinally in the notches of the frame, linkages being associated with each of the blades and actuated selectively. to move each of these individually and bring them into the path of the stopper pin, a locking plate further capable of being elastically moved by a blade as it comes into place in the path of the stopper pin. stop, this plate having a shoulder to retain said blade when the latter is brought into the path of the disc pin, the displacement of the locking plate by one of the blades serving to release the previous blade, so that it is recalled to its initial rest position. 14. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 13, characterized in that the stop blades and the locking plate are provided with inclined surfaces cooperating with each other and with retaining shoulders and the blades when they come to be placed in locked position, extend beyond the retained position where the cooperating shoulders are engaged, causing the locking plate to retract sufficiently to release the previously retained blade. 15. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 13, characterized in that the thin stop blades are each provided with a tongue on which it abuts the stop pin. of the disc, tab which can be deformed so as to perfect the stop position of the corresponding character selected by said stop blade on the cliché disc. 16. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 12, characterized in that the cliché disc is a thin plate pierced with an axial opening, traversed by a rotating shaft in the frame of the machine, which shaft carries a hub having a shoulder engaged in the opening of the disc and against which the latter bears; retaining plate is mounted on this shaft externally to the hub, means elastically urge said retaining plate towards the hub to frictionally clamp the cliché disc between the shoulder and the retaining plate, head rivets passing through the disc near the central opening, the heads of the rivets forming friction elements elastically clamped between the shoulder of the hub and the retaining plate. 17. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 16, characterized in that the cliché disc carries several sets of characters occupying equal angular seoteurs around it and the stop blades are arranged on the frame in an arc of a circle following the angular arrangement of the characters of each set, so that the first disc stop pin which arrives meets the selected blade, which ensures the selection of the desired character by a partial rotation of the plate disc. 18. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 17, characterized in that the different sets of characters are arranged in concentric rows in the various sectors of the disc, each different set being arranged at a different radial distance from the center of the disc. disk. 19. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 18, characterized in that the character-carrying disc is made of insulating material while the stops are made of electrically conductive material so as to form an element. contact switch forming part of the machine control circuit. 20. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 19, characterized in that the opening of the first cover has approximately the width of a character but a length equal to the radial extent of the sets of characters carried by the cliché disc, while the opening of the second cover has a width approximately corresponding to that of the film, but a height approximately equal to that of a single character. 21. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 20, characterized in that each of the reflective elements imprints a deviation of about 90 <Desc / Clms Page number 41> to the light beam, so that upon exiting the second reflecting element, the beam is directed towards the film in the direction opposite to that which it follows between the light source and the first reflecting element. 22. - A composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 21, characterized in that the film, the light source, the disc and the condensing and projection lenses are housed together in a relatively narrow compact part of the frame while the reflective elements are carried in an adjustable manner on a support projecting from this part of the frame. 23. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 22, characterized in that each of the reflecting elements is carried by a shaft rotatably mounted on the support and rotating electromagnets are carried by the supports to. Proximity to each of the shafts, contact devices being provided to energize the various electromagnets in response to change of character or case type signals. 24. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 23, characterized in that the concentric rows of characters on the cliché disc are arranged in pairs, each pair comprising respectively upper and lower case letters of a type determined, the first reflective element selects the case of the desired character from the rows of characters, while the second reflective element selects the desired type of character. 25. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 24, characterized in that the interchangeable gear train comprises two pinions having determined relative diameters fixed coaxially between them and two racks, the set of two pinions and two racks forming a system of levers with three elements comprising a pivot, a leading element and an output element, one of these three elements being carried by the support frame, the other by the first carriage and the third by the second carriage. 26. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 25, characterized in that one of the racks is carried by the frame, the other by the first carriage and the pinions are mounted on the second carriage. 27. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 26, characterized in that one of the racks is carried by the frame the other by the second carriage and the pinions are mounted on the first carriage. 28. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 27, characterized in that means move the film step by step in front of the projection device so as to expose it successively to the projected image of the characters forming a line of composition, means which comprise a light-tight enclosure having a narrow part in which the film is kept substantially flat during its exposure and its vertical entrainment, a window in the wall of this narrow part of the enclosure through which the image is projected, a surface resting on the opposite wall of said part, against which the film can be pressed, a shaft carried by said enclosure, at least one finely toothed wheel fixed to this shaft and intended to bear against an edge of the film to press it against the bearing surface and means for ensuring the step-by-step rotation of this shaft in order to advance the film to the completion of each line of composition and bring it to the suitable position for photographing the next line. 29. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 28, characterized in that the shaft specified under 27 carries two drive wheels, at least one of which is longitudinally adjustable so that these wheels can act on them. Film margins of different widths and interchangeable moving parts are selectively placed against the opposing wall to form a bearing surface against which each of the wheels can press the film margin as it drives. <Desc / Clms Page number 42> 30. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 29, characterized in that the film is held around the finely toothed wheel on an appreciable arc of a circle after the initial point of contact at the place where it is pressed against the bearing surface, so that the teeth of the wheel can remain in contact with the film for a certain time and guide it through their penetration into the film at the time of initial contact. 31. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 30, characterized in that the enclosure containing the film and the members that it supports form a carriage moving on the frame in a given direction when projecting you on the film the successive characters forming a line of composition, carriage in which a device is provided for returning it to its initial position at the end of a line of composition, device which is coupled with the mechanism advancing step by step not the film drive shaft in order to advance the film vertically at the same time as the carriage returns to the rear. 32. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 30, characterized in that the device coupling the return device of the carriage to the film advance mechanism comprises an adjustment member making it possible to selectively change the film. amplitude of the displacement of the film corresponding to an interline. 33. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 32, characterized in that a removable film delivery roll is fixed in a light-tight manner to one of the ends of the enclosure and a removable receiving roll of the film is attached to the opposite end of said enclosure. 34. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 33, characterized in that a device is provided for winding the exposed film on the second roll and a sliding coupling couples the mechanism advancing the film step by step. drive shaft to the winding device. 35. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 34, characterized in that the return mechanism of the carriage comprises a traction tape fixed by one of its ends to the carriage, means fixed to the frame connected to the au - One end of the tape to pull the latter so as to produce the return of the carriage at the end of a line, the first end of the traction tape being fixed to a rotating drum braked by a spring and around which this end of the tape s A ratchet drive winds up connecting this drum to a rotating part of the film drive mechanism and adjustable graduated stop means determine the extent of movement of this ratchet drive. 36. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 35, characterized in that an axis mounted on the carriage carries the tape winding drum, a ratchet wheel also rotates on this axis, a gear train couples this ratchet wheel to the vertical film drive mechanism a pawl articulated on the drum is spring loaded against the rooh wheel and a stop protrudes on the drum, a fixed stop is provided on the carriage and a graduated ring bearing a stopper coaxial with the axis and the drum is angularly adjustable so that the angle of rotation of the drum driving the film drive ratchet wheel is selectively limited by the extent of the movement allowed to the protruding stop that it carries between the fixed stop and the stop of the graduated ring, while the traction tape makes the return of the carriage at the same time as the vertical advance of the film. 37. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 36, characterized in that a motor and drive members are mounted on the frame, means continuously driving these members, a rotating shaft on the frame carries a certain number of cams and the means actuated by these cams prepare the exhaust operation of the carriage and control the synchronization of the operating cycle, a device couples the shutter to this shaft, with a view to ac <Desc / Clms Page number 43> operation, a sliding coupling is mounted between the continuously moving drives and the rotating cams, and stopping means make it possible to immobilize these cams during certain parts of the operating cycle relating to the photograph of a character and the rotating plate-disc is driven by a sliding coupling mounted between it and the members to. continuous movement. 38. - Composing machine of the kind mentioned under 1 to 37, characterized in that the means controlling the exhaust and the succession of cycle operations are electrical contacts placed near the cams, the rotary shaft rotating in fixed bearings to the frame and carrying the shutter which consists of a disc pierced with a window. 39. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 38, characterized in that the sliding coupling of the cliché disc is constituted by a friction mounting of this disc on a shaft forming part of the rotating members of a continuous movement. 40. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 39, characterized in that the shaft carrying the shutter and the cams has at least one stop boss projecting radially and a stopper can be brought into the trajectory of this boss to control the cyclic rotations of this shutter shaft and cams. 41. - Composing machine of the type mentioned under 1 to 40, characterized in that one of the cams is associated with the stopper so as to control its movement. 42. - Installation for producing a typographic composition which comprises, in combination, a first machine comprising a typewriter with variable escapement having a keyboard, character-carrying bars and means of connection between the keyboard and the bars to produce a sheet typewritten proof of the desired text in variable-spacing letterpress, an automatic mechanism incorporated in said first machine to prepare a support representing this text according to a code, a second machine arranged to photographically reproduce this text in the form of a typographic composition having the same variable character spacing as the proof sheet and a device for receiving and reading the text in code carried by the support and means responding to the resulting signals to actuate the reproducing device. 43. - Installation of the kind mentioned under 42, characterized in that the first machine comprises a high speed electric typewriter with variable escapement and comprises an automatic mechanism for punching in a strip according to a code holes corresponding to the typed text and the a second machine is provided with a tape drive producing signals which control its operation. ' 44. - Installation of the kind mentioned under 43 and 43, characterized in that the second machine comprises means for automatically preparing the text in different types of characters and the first machine comprises means for placing in the band a signal passing the second machine from one type of character to another. 45. - Installation of the kind mentioned under 42 to 44, characterized in that the change of type of character is controlled on the first machine by the button for changing the color of the ribbon, so that the change of type of character appears on the typewritten proof in the form of a text the color of which is different from the normal color, while at the same time the actuation of this color change key determines the punching in the web of a perforation controlling the type change characters per second; machine. 46, - Installation of the kind mentioned under 42. to 45, characterized in <Desc / Clms Page number 44> that the first machine perforates holes in the strip indicating the word spacing of the current line for the purpose of justification thereof and the second machine is provided with means for automatically performing the justification of the composition in accordance with the signals justification punched in the strip. 47. - Installation of the kind mentioned under 42 to 46 characterized in that the first machine comprises means for reading the perforated tape and for automatically typing a proof without using the keyboard, means being provided to stop the automatic reproduction in order to perform manually corrects the text using the keyboard, the automatic and manual copying processes together serving to prepare a corrected typed text and a corrected punch tape to operate the second machine. 48. - Installation of the kind mentioned under 42 to 47, characterized in that the second machine is an automatic photo-composer which comprises in combination, a frame, a cliché disc rotating on this frame and carrying several sets of characters , the characters of each set being grouped in lowercase and capitals, a carriage moving progressively on the frame and carrying a film intended to receive the successive reproductions of the characters on the disc; mechanism for rotating the disc in order to select successively the individual characters which it carries for reproduction; an optical system comprising a light source and means for projecting successive images of the selected characters from the disc onto the film, shifting means incorporated in the optical system for selecting characters of different types and like shifting means for selecting groups lowercase or capitals; variable escape mechanism carried by the frame and associated with the carriage to move the latter by the distance corresponding to the desired spacing between the letters; means automatically actuated by the case change mechanism to establish an escape condition suitable for low or high case operation; a reading mechanism in said machine for successively detecting the various code indications carried by a perforated strip passing through the machine in order to control its operation as a composer, means actuating this reading mechanism to successively read the codes of this perforated strip , a code translator actuated by the read mechanism to perform individual selection of characters on the disc, initiate actuation of the case change and character type change mechanism; selection device, also actuated by the reader to establish in the escape mechanism, a condition suitable for the spacing of the selected character, whether it is a lower case or a capital, means for introduce a brief delay before the next operation of the drive actuation mechanism, which delay is long enough to effect the change in case, character type, or other functional settings, but not long enough for perform selection, character projection and carriage escape; device for controlling the operating cycle which comprises a rotary member carrying a series of cams and a device for periodically driving this member in a two-phase cycle; means responsive to the character width adjustment of the escapement device by the selection mechanism for establishing a condition maintaining the escapement adjustment; similar means for effecting substantially simultaneously a condition introducing a longer delay before the next code reading operation by the reader and similar means for preparing substantially at the same time the beginning of the movement of the cyclic controller for the operation. first phase of its cycle; members interposed between the escape mechanism and the carriage to actually effect the mechanical movement of the carriage over the distance ordered by the escape mechanism; members associated as follows with the rotary cams of the cyclic device; one to trigger the movement of the first phase of the cyclic organ, together with the preparatory elements established by the escape mechanism; another member for triggering the movement of the second phase of the cyclic member, elements cooperating with the latter member and which are actuated by the rotation of the <Desc / Clms Page number 45> disc rotating towards the position selected to complete the actuation of the cyclic device for its second phase; another member for actuating the mechanism effecting the exhaust movement of the carriage; at least one member for repeating this movement during a multiple escapement; a member for removing all settings of the escape mechanism and another for initiating the operation of the read mechanism for reading the next code before the completion of the operations commanded by the code being executed; a shutter carried by the cyclic control member and intended to ensure exposure of the film by the projected image of a character during the second phase of its cycle; a kinematic linkage between the second escape-boosting device and the character type switching mechanism, which intervenes to produce multiple escapes when the width of characters of the second type is a commensurable multiple of that of the corresponding character of the first type.