AU734803B2 - Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic fuel starvation at the anode - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic fuel starvation at the anode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU734803B2 AU734803B2 AU16574/99A AU1657499A AU734803B2 AU 734803 B2 AU734803 B2 AU 734803B2 AU 16574/99 A AU16574/99 A AU 16574/99A AU 1657499 A AU1657499 A AU 1657499A AU 734803 B2 AU734803 B2 AU 734803B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- stream
- fuel cell
- anode
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 480
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 180
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/998133 | 1997-12-23 | ||
| US08/998,133 US6096448A (en) | 1997-12-23 | 1997-12-23 | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic fuel starvation at the anode |
| PCT/CA1998/001161 WO1999034465A1 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 1998-12-22 | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic fuel starvation at the anode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1657499A AU1657499A (en) | 1999-07-19 |
| AU734803B2 true AU734803B2 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
Family
ID=25544810
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU16574/99A Ceased AU734803B2 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 1998-12-22 | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic fuel starvation at the anode |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6096448A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1042836B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002500421A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE347740T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU734803B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2316380C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69836593T2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1999034465A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (76)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030022033A1 (en) * | 1997-03-15 | 2003-01-30 | Mannesmann Ag | Fuel cell with pulsed anode potential |
| US6472090B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2002-10-29 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic reactant starvation |
| US6329089B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-12-11 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell |
| US6210820B1 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 2001-04-03 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method for operating fuel cells on impure fuels |
| US6093500A (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-07-25 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method and apparatus for operating a fuel cell system |
| DE19930224A1 (de) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-11 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb einer Brennstoffzelle |
| JP3475869B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-17 | 2003-12-10 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 高分子電解質型燃料電池とその特性回復方法 |
| US6299996B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-10-09 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell system |
| US6641948B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2003-11-04 | Neah Power Systems Inc | Fuel cells having silicon substrates and/or sol-gel derived support structures |
| DE10106536A1 (de) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-23 | Denso Corp | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer Brennstoffzelle zum Erzeugen elektrischer Energie durch eine chemische Reaktion zwischen Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff |
| JP2001229946A (ja) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-24 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池システム。 |
| US6399231B1 (en) | 2000-06-22 | 2002-06-04 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Method and apparatus for regenerating the performance of a PEM fuel cell |
| WO2002019446A2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-07 | Global Thermoelectric Inc. | Anode oxidation protection in a high-temperature fuel cell |
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| JP4547853B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-07 | 2010-09-22 | パナソニック株式会社 | 高分子電解質型燃料電池の運転方法および特性回復方法 |
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| CA2461303A1 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-19 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Platinum alloy catalysts for electrochemical fuel cells |
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| JP4761162B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-07 | 2011-08-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| US20110091781A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Automated procedure for executing in-situ fuel cell stack reconditioning |
| TWI395366B (zh) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-05-01 | Iner Aec Executive Yuan | 固態氧化物燃料電池堆在封裝製程中元件間最佳接觸壓力量測方法及其量測裝置 |
| TWI395367B (zh) * | 2010-03-18 | 2013-05-01 | Univ Nat Central | Fuel cell flow adjustment mechanism |
| KR20130023223A (ko) * | 2010-03-30 | 2013-03-07 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템 및 그의 운전 방법 |
| US9093679B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2015-07-28 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method of shutting down fuel cell system |
| WO2012063414A1 (ja) | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 固体高分子形燃料電池システムの運転方法及び固体高分子形燃料電池システム |
| DE102011017510A1 (de) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellensystem |
| KR101776314B1 (ko) | 2011-07-18 | 2017-09-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 스택의 활성화 장치 및 방법 |
| KR101703607B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-02-22 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 촉매 활성화 시동 장치 및 이를 이용한 촉매 활성화 시동 방법 |
| CN107464944B (zh) | 2016-05-27 | 2021-02-02 | 通用电气公司 | 燃料电池系统及其操作方法 |
| JP2021064547A (ja) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-22 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 燃料電池システム |
| DE102021214689A1 (de) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-22 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem |
| CN115986174B (zh) * | 2022-12-06 | 2025-04-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种燃料电池运行期间性能恢复的系统及方法 |
| CN118431508B (zh) * | 2024-05-08 | 2025-08-01 | 江苏耀扬新能源科技有限公司 | 用于加快燃料电池电堆活化离线预处理系统、方法及电堆活化方法 |
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| US4243731A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1981-01-06 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for feeding a fuel cell with fluid reactants |
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| US3379572A (en) * | 1964-08-04 | 1968-04-23 | United Aircraft Corp | Method and apparatus for limiting the output voltage of a fuel cell |
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| US4910099A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-03-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Preventing CO poisoning in fuel cells |
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| JPH07183039A (ja) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-21 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池プラントの発電停止方法 |
| GB9412073D0 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1994-08-03 | British Gas Plc | Method of operating a fuel cell |
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| JPH08190929A (ja) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-07-23 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池発電プラント |
| GB9507012D0 (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1995-05-31 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improved electrode |
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- 1997-12-23 US US08/998,133 patent/US6096448A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-22 EP EP98960973A patent/EP1042836B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-22 JP JP2000526988A patent/JP2002500421A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-22 WO PCT/CA1998/001161 patent/WO1999034465A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-22 AU AU16574/99A patent/AU734803B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-22 AT AT98960973T patent/ATE347740T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-22 CA CA002316380A patent/CA2316380C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-22 DE DE69836593T patent/DE69836593T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4243731A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1981-01-06 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for feeding a fuel cell with fluid reactants |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1999034465A1 (en) | 1999-07-08 |
| EP1042836B1 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
| CA2316380A1 (en) | 1999-07-08 |
| US6096448A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
| DE69836593D1 (de) | 2007-01-18 |
| JP2002500421A (ja) | 2002-01-08 |
| ATE347740T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
| CA2316380C (en) | 2006-01-31 |
| AU1657499A (en) | 1999-07-19 |
| EP1042836A1 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
| DE69836593T2 (de) | 2007-04-05 |
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