AU2021100899A4

AU2021100899A4 - TCM Cataplasm for Dampness heat Acne and Its Preparation Method

Info

Publication number: AU2021100899A4
Application number: AU2021100899A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Xiaohui Chen; Yulong Chen; Yajun Jiang; Kunshan LI; Pengwei LI; Cuitian Lyu; Guoli Yan
Original assignee: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine HUTCM
Current assignee: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine HUTCM
Priority date: 2021-02-16
Filing date: 2021-02-16
Publication date: 2021-05-06
Anticipated expiration: 2029-02-16

Abstract

This invention discloses a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) cataplasm for dampness-heat acne, which comprises white mulberry root-bark, cortex dictamni, scutellaria baicalensis, herb of indian lettuce, dandelion, angelica sinensis, stem of obtuseleaf erycibe, peony bark, coix seed, spina gleditsiae, photinia leaf, saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk., herbaartemisiae scopariae, licorice and polyvinyl alcohol. A TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne as described in this invention, where multiple medicines are reasonably compatible, applies to the treatment requirements of complicated diseases to reduce adverse reactions, having stable curative effects, tackling symptoms and root causes without side effects, effective to clear heat and dampness, relieve exterior syndrome and remove stasis, and detoxify and eliminate sores in treating dampness-heat acne. In addition, this mask (cataplasm) is easy to use without the need to wash, and it is valuable to be widely promoted and applied.

Description

TCM Cataplasm for Dampness-heat Acne and Its Preparation Method

Technical Field

This invention relates to the medical technology field, and involves a TCM

cataplasm for dampness-heat acne and its preparation method.

Background

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease relating to hair follicles and

sebaceous glands, which mainly happens in the youth and generally alleviates or cures

until the adulthood or middle age. Some patients with more serious diseases, however,

would have scars even after they are healed. Also named "comedones" or "lung-wind

acne" in TCM, acne would typically bring a higher incidence rate, repeated attacks

and complicated causes, and relates to endocrine dysfunction, genetics, diet, hair

follicle blockage, microbial infection and others.

TCM regards this disease as resulting from dysfunctional organs by exogenous

pathogenic factors, emotions or dietary factors, presenting internal implications and

pathogenic heats and reflected on the skin. The patients usually have red papules or

pustules on the forehead, cheek, malar and lower mandible either in red color or dark

red, accompanied with white-head or black-head acne, oily skin around and local

sense of pains, forming local nodules or cysts over time. In addition to local skin

symptoms, the patients are generally suffered from bitter taste, dysphoria,

constipation or loose stools and other manifestations.

Now acne is treated following the principle of syndrome differentiation and

treatment in TCM. Acne is typically divided into lung through the wind heat, hot and humid coagulation, phlegm wet condensation and treated with traditional Chinese medicines that are effective to clear lung heat, dispel wind and relieve surface, promote blood circulation, remove stasis and resolve phlegm, or by topical applications including external washing and dressing. However, since the young people have a fast pace of life and less acceptance to take traditional Chinese medicines and external washing and dressing from the aspect of clinical practices, it is necessary to develop and research an effective, convenient and easy-to-use therapeutic method for young patients.

Summary

This invention is aimed to provide a TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne

having stable curative effects, tackling symptoms and root causes and convenient use

to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology.

This invention also provides the preparation method for this TCM cataplasm.

To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:

A TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne which consists of the following raw

materials at the dosage below: white mulberry root-bark 40-50 PBW, cortex dictamni

-50 PBW, scutellaria baicalensis 20-40 PBW, herb of indian lettuce 15-25 PBW,

dandelion 40-50 PBW, angelica sinensis 25-35 PBW, stem of obtuseleaf erycibe

-10 PBW, peony bark 20-40 PBW, coix seed 30-40 PBW, spina gleditsiae 20-30

PBW, photinia leaf 4-8 PBW, saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. 10-30 PBW,

herbaartemisiae scopariae 20-30 PBW, licorice 20-30 PBW, polyvinyl alcohol

200-400 PBW.

A preferred TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne which consists of the following raw materials at the dosage below: white mulberry root-bark 45 PBW, cortex dictamni 45 PBW, scutellaria baicalensis 30 PBW, herb of indian lettuce 20

PBW, dandelion 45 PBW, angelica sinensis 30 PBW, stem of obtuseleaf erycibe 7

PBW, peony bark 30 PBW, coix seed 36 PBW, spina gleditsiae 25 PBW, photinia leaf

6 PBW, saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. 20 PBW, herbaartemisiae

scopariae 25 PBW, licorice 25 PBW, polyvinyl alcohol 300 PBW.

For the preparation method, a TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne which is

prepared by the following steps:

1) All raw materials are weighed by PBW, and then soaked in cold water for 0.5h,

boiled by high fire, and then decocted by slow fire for 0.5h. They are filtered to get

the filter liquor;

2) The filter liquor is vacuum concentrated to the extractum with a relative

density of 1.3-1.4 that is added with 50-60% by volume of ethanol precipitation after

cooling, then kept for 12h. They are filtered to get the liquid supernatant and collect

ethanol and concentrated to the extractum with a relative density of 1.05-1.1 at 60°C;

3) Polyvinyl alcohol is added into pure water, heated and dissolved at 80-90°C

and then cooled to the room temperature, finally getting the colloidal liquid;

4) The extractum is well mixed with the colloidal liquid to get the above

aforesaid TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne.

The weight ratio of the aforesaid polyvinyl alcohol and pure water is 1:1-2.

Method of application: The TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne referred to

in this invention is even applied in the acne site away from the periocular location,

once a day and with 10 days as a course of treatment.

The pharmacology of all raw materials is described as follows:

White mulberry root-bark: Purge lungs to relieve asthma, and reduce swelling

through water. Treat lung heat and asthma cough, vomiting blood, edema, beriberi,

difficult urination.

Cortex dictamni: It tastes bitter and salty loaded with cold Yin energy. It acts on

the spleen, lung, small intestine, stomach and bladder meridian. Clear heat and

dryness, dispel wind and stop itching, and detoxify. Treat rubella, eczema, scabies,

jaundice, dampness and heat syndromes caused by wind, heat, dampness and toxicity.

Scutellaria baicalensis: It tastes bitter loaded with cold Yin energy. It acts on the

lung, gallbladder, spleen, large intestine and small intestine. Clear heat and dampness,

reduce fire and detoxify, effect hemostasis, prevent miscarriage, and lower blood

pressure. It is used for damp-warm syndrome, warm disease in summer, chest distress,

nausea, dampness-heat syndrome, distention and fullness, dysentery, jaundice, lung

heat, cough, hyperpyrexia, polydipsia, blood heat, vomiting, carbuncle and swelling,

sore poison and threatened abortion.

Herb of indian lettuce: It tastes bitter loaded with cold Yin energy. It functions to

clear heat and detoxify, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and

strengthen stomach. This medicine can treat appendicitis, tonsillitis, sore furuncle and

pyogenic infections, indigestion, postpartum blood stasis.

Dandelion: It tastes sweet and slightly bitter loaded with cold Yin energy. Clear

heat and detoxify, relieve swelling and remove stasis. It effects the upper respiratory

tract infection, conjunctivitis, mumps, hyperglycemia, milk carbuncle sore, gastritis,

diarrhea, hepatitis, bile duct inflammation, acute appendicitis, urinary tract infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, carbuncle furuncle and deep-rooted boil, pharyngitis.

Dandelion also acts on acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, scrofula, furunculosis and sore

swelling, acute conjunctivitis, cold fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis and urinary

tract infection.

Angelica sinensis: It tastes sweet, pungent and bitter loaded with warm energy. It

acts on liver, heart and spleen. Tonify blood, activate blood, regulate menstruation and

relieve pain, moisten dryness and smoothen intestines. It can treat symptoms of blood

deficiency, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal mass and

accumulation, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, deficiency and abdominal pain, fistula

paralysis, skin numbness, bowel dryness and difficulty, diarrhea after severe, ulcer

and lesions, injury and pain.

Stem of obtuseleaf erycibe : It tastes pungent loaded with warm energy. It acts on

liver, spleen and stomach. It can dispel rheumatic pains and dehumidify, relieve

swelling and relieve pain, and it is used for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic infectious

arthritis, sciatica, hemiplegia and swelling pain.

Peony bark: It tastes bitter and pungent loaded with slightly cold Yin energy. It

acts on heart, liver and spleen. Clear heat and cool blood, promote blood circulation

and dissipate blood stasis. It acts on warm heat diseases, fever into the blood system,

blotches, vomiting and epistaxis, fever and Yin heat in the late stage of pyreticosis,

hectic fever due to Yin deficiency, blood stagnation amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea,

carbuncle swelling sore, pain and injury and rheumatic fever.

Coix seed: It tastes sweet and light loaded with cool Yin energy. It acts on spleen,

stomach and lung. Invigorate the spleen and excrete dampness, eliminate pain and

diarrhea, clear heat and discharge swelling. This medicine is used for edema, barbiers, difficult urination, alleviating arthritis with fixed pain caused by dampness, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, pulmonary abscess, intestinal carbuncle and flat warts.

Spina gleditsiae: It tastes pungent loaded with warm energy. It acts on liver and

lung. Sterilize and penetrate into pus, relieve deep rheumatism and kill insects. This

mainly acts on carbuncle-abscess and pyogenic infections, scrofula, shingles and

stubborn dermatitis, postpartum milk deficiency, retained fetal membranes and

rheumatism.

Photinia leaf: It tastes pungent and bitter loaded with neutral energy. It can dispel

rheumatism, dredge collaterals and tonify the kidney. It is used for wind-warm

syndrome and arthralgia, back pain, foot and knee weakness and migraine.

Saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk.: It tastes pungent and sweet loaded

with slightly warm energy. It acts on bladder, liver and spleen. It can dispel wind-evil

syndrome and solve exterior syndromes, relieve dampness and relieve pain, stop

spasm and eliminate convulsion. It treats exogenous symptoms, rubella and pruritus,

rheumatism pain and tetanus.

herbaartemisiae scopariae: It tastes bitter and pungent loaded with slightly cold

Yin energy. It acts on spleen, stomach, liver and bladder. Clear dampness and heat,

eliminate jaundice. It is also used for jaundice and oliguria, eczema and pruritus, and

infectious icteric hepatitis.

Licorice: It tastes sweet loaded with neutral energy. It acts on heart, lung, spleen

and stomach. It can nourish spleen and invigorate Qi, clear heat and detoxify, expel

phlegm to arrest coughing, relieve spasm and pain, coordinate drug actions. It is used

for spleen and stomach weakness, tiredness and lacking in strength, shortness of breath, palpitation, cough, phlegm, acute pain in abdomen, spasm and pain in limbs, carbuncle swelling and sore poison, alleviate drug toxicity and virulence.

In this invention, cortex dictamni is used as the monarch drug where cold nature

can clear heat and bitter nature can eliminate dampness to clear heat and eliminate

dampness, which can internally remove gastrointestinal dampness and heat and

externally detoxify and eliminate sore; Scutellaria baicalensis, dandelion and herb of

indian lettuce are used as the ministerial drugs to clear heat and dampness, detoxify

and eliminate swelling, remove blood stasis and keep Ying blood smooth and not

stagnant and eliminate acne; white mulberry root-bark, angelica sinensis, coix seed,

photinia leaf and herbaartemisiae scopariae are used as adjuvant drugs to clear heat

and dampness, relieve swelling, moisten dryness and smoothen intestines, and

mediate dampness and heat evil to be removed with urination and excrement. It also

has the function of replenishing and nourishing blood. Stem of obtuseleaf erycibe

, peony bark, spina gleditsiae, saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. and licorice

are used as conductant drugs to clear heat and cool blood, dispel wind evil and

dehumidify, sterilize and relieve pain, mediate drugs to the face where the disease is

located to eliminate swelling and sores. The combination of the aforesaid drugs can

clear heat and dehumidify, relieve exterior syndrome and eliminate stasis and reach

the face and head to detoxify and eliminate sores.

The TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne as described in this invention,

where multiple medicines are reasonably compatible, applies to the treatment

requirements of complicated diseases to reduce adverse reactions, having stable

curative effects, tackling symptoms and root causes and no side effects, which effects

to clear heat and dampness, relieve exterior syndrome and remove stasis, and detoxify and eliminate sores in treating dampness-heat acne. In addition, this mask (cataplasm) is easy to use without the need to wash, and it is valuable to be widely promoted and applied.

Description of the Invention

Combined with examples, the technical scheme of this invention is further

described below.

The saponification rate of polyvinyl alcohol as used in this invention is 90-99%

and the mean degree of polymerization is 200-3000.

Example 1

A TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne which consists of the following raw

materials at the dosage below: white mulberry root-bark 50 PBW, cortex dictamni 40

PBW, scutellaria baicalensis 20 PBW, herb of indian lettuce 25 PBW, dandelion 40

PBW, angelica sinensis 35 PBW, stem of obtuseleaf erycibe 5 PBW, peony bark 40

PBW, coix seed 40 PBW, spina gleditsiae 20 PBW, photinia leaf 4 PBW,

saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. 30 PBW, herbaartemisiae scopariae 20

PBW, licorice 30 PBW, polyvinyl alcohol 200 PBW.

For the preparation method, a TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne is

prepared by the following steps:

boiled by high fire and then decocted by slow fire for 0.5h. They are filtered to get the

filter liquor;

2) The filter liquor is vacuum concentrated to the extractum with a relative

density of 1.3 that is added with 60% by volume of ethanol precipitation after cooling, then kept for 12h. They are filtered to get the liquid supernatant and collect ethanol and concentrated to the extractum with a relative density of 1.05 at 60°C;

3) Polyvinyl alcohol is added into pure water, heated and dissolved at 90°C and

then cooled to the room temperature, finally getting the colloidal liquid;

4) The extractum is well mixed with the colloidal liquid to get the aforesaid

TCM cataplasm) for dampness-heat acne.

The weight ratio of the aforesaid polyvinyl alcohol and pure water is 1:1.

Method of application: The TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne referred to

once a day and with 10 days as a course of treatment.

Example 2

A TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne consists of the following raw

materials at the dosage below: white mulberry root-bark 45 PBW, cortex dictamni 45

PBW, scutellaria baicalensis 30 PBW, herb of indian lettuce 20 PBW, dandelion 45

PBW, angelica sinensis 30 PBW, stem of obtuseleaf erycibe 7 PBW, peony bark 30

PBW, coix seed 36 PBW, spina gleditsiae 25 PBW, photinia leaf 6 PBW,

saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. 20 PBW, herbaartemisiae scopariae 25

PBW, licorice 25 PBW, polyvinyl alcohol 300 PBW.

For the preparation method, a TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne which is

prepared by the following steps:

boiled by high fire and then decocted by slow fire for 0.5h. They are filtered to get the filter liquor;

2) The filter liquor is vacuum concentrated to the extractum with a relative

density of 1.3 that is added with 60% by volume of ethanol precipitation after cooling,

then kept for 12h. They are filtered to get the liquid supernatant and collect ethanol

and concentrated to the extractum with a relative density of 1.1 at 60°C;

3) Polyvinyl alcohol is added into pure water, heated and dissolved at 85C and

then cooled to the room temperature, finally getting the colloidal liquid;

4) The extractum is well mixed with the colloidal liquid to get the above

aforesaid TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne.

The weight ratio of the aforesaid polyvinyl alcohol and pure water is 1:1.5.

Others are the same as Example 1.

Clinical Data

In this invention, 124 patients with dampness-heat stasis type acne from 2006 to

2012 were clinically observed, who were administrated with traditional Chinese

medicine composition. Clinical reports are described as follows:

General data: Clinically 100 patients with dampness-heat acne were observed,

who were divided into two groups: treatment group including 50 patients (male:

female=26:24, aged 14-25 years old, average age at 19+5.4 years old); control group

consisting of 50 patients (male: female=27:23, aged 13-26 years old, average age at

196.2 years old). General data were compared between both groups, which indicated

that the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) and can be comparable.

Diagnosis criteria:

For the diagnosis criteria, please refer to Criteria of Diagnosis and Therapeutic

Effect of Diseases and Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine (National

Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Criteria of Diagnosis and

Therapeutic Effect of Diseases and Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine [M].

Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 1994:78.) published by National Administration

of Traditional Chinese Medicine: J The hair follicle presents early with red papules

in the size of rice grains, and may be progressed into pustules, followed by

scleroma-like whitehead or blackhead acne, or even scleroma cysts in severe cases;

@ This usually happens among young men and women in the youth and spreads over

the face, chest and back accompanied by seborrhea; @ This is often induced by

improper diet, fat and sweet and greasy diet and pathogenic factors; @ Female

patients are often accompanied by irregular menstruation.

Clinical manifestation: This usually happens among young people in the youth

and presents with papules, pustules and cysts on the facies frontalis and forehead.

These patients had bright and greasy faces, accompanied by dry mouth and preference

to cold drink, halitosis, more diets, yellow urine, constipation, red tongue, yellow or

yellow greasy moss, smooth and slip pulses.

Inclusion criteria: ( At the age of 11-30 years old; @ Who conform to the

diagnosis criteria of common dampness-heat acne; @ No TCM and western drugs

relating to this disease were used within 4 weeks; @ Who signed the informed

consent and coordinated with clinical observations.

Exclusion criteria: ( Who are expressly allergic to viaminate; @ Who used

corticosteroid hormone, antibiotics and other anti-dampness-heat type acne medication for external applications 2 weeks before the trial; @ Who used corticosteroid hormone, sex hormone and antibiotics for oral administration 4 weeks before the trial; @ Pregnant women or women in the lactation period; @

Occupational dampness-heat acne caused by chemicals and dampness-heat acne

resulting from drugs.

Treatment method: After face cleaning, the TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat

acne is even applied in the acne site away from the periocular location for two courses,

once a day and with 10 days as a course of treatment, for the treatment group.

For the control group, Kracie-Medical Green Tea Mask for Removing Acnes and

Marks were applied on the face for 5-15 minutes, once a day with 10 days as a course

of treatment, for two courses.

Criteria for outcome diagnosis: set out by reference to Guidance Principle of

Clinical Study on New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Medical

Products Administration. Guidance Principle of Clinical Study on New Drugs of

Traditional Chinese Medicine [M]. Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2002:5);

Cure: regression rate of skin loss >95%, or only few pigmentations left and

symptoms disappearing;

Positive effect: skill loss mostly alleviated, regression rate of 70-95 %, and

symptoms reduced significantly;

Effective: Part of skin loss alleviated, regression rate of 50-70 %, and symptoms

improved;

No effect: skin loss mildly alleviated or aggravated, regression rate of <50%, symptoms not changed.

Cure rate=(cured patients/total patients) x100%.

Total effective rate=[(cure+ positive effect+ effective)/total patients] x 100%.

Statistical method: SPSS17.0 software is used for statistical analysis.

Measurement data are expressed as mean standard deviation (x°s). T test is used

and the rate of measurement data is compared byx test.

Therapeutic outcome: Therapeutic outcomes of the treatment group and control

group are seen in Table 1.

Table 1 Therapeutic Outcomes after the Applications of TCM Cataplasm in this

Invention

ur/csePositive Grop Cure/case No Cure effetive Group ffect/case Effective/case effect/case rate% effective rate%

Treatment 29 10 9 2 58 96 group Control 12 10 11 17 24 66 group

Compared with the control group, P<0.05.

As shown in Table 1, the treatment group sees cure in 29 patients, positive effect

in 10 patients, effective in 9, no effect in 2 patients, cure rate of 58% and total

effective rate of 96%; the control group indicates cure in 12 patients, positive effect in

patients, effective in 11, no effect in 17 patients, cure rate of 24% and total

effective rate of 66%. The cure rate and total effective rate were compared between

these two groups, indicating the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The therapeutic effect of the treatment group is superior to the control group.

Typical cases

The patient 1, male, aged 16, had vigorous oil secretion on the skin and

presented with multiple papules and pustules on the face and few small nodes on the

forehead and lower mandible, accompanied by constipation, dry mouth and nose and

halitosis, etc. After the patient applied the TCM cataplasm referred to in this invention

for 1 course, the symptoms were significantly reduced and then healed after the

treatment was continued for 1 course. The one-year follow-up survey showed no

recurrence.

The patient 2, female, aged 20, had oil secretion on the face and coarse pores and

presented with red or light red papules containing white pink oily matters, except for

the nose and eyes, and with large nodes having thin purulent and bloody secretions

after pressure, accompanied by red tongue, yellow or yellow greasy moss, smooth and

slip pulses. After the patient applied the TCM cataplasm referred to in this invention

for 1 course, the symptoms were significantly reduced and then healed after the

treatment was continued for 2 courses. The one-year follow-up survey showed no

recurrence.

The above-mentioned examples only represent the optimized examples of this

invention and the protection scope of this invention is not limited to them. The simple

variation of this technical scheme or equivalent alternatives that can be obviously

gained by any technicians who are familiar with this technical field fall into the

protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. Feature of a TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne: The TCM cataplasm for

dampness-heat acne consists of the following raw materials at the dosage below:

white mulberry root-bark 40-50 PBW, cortex dictamni 40-50 PBW, scutellaria

baicalensis 20-40 PBW, herb of indian lettuce 15-25 PBW, dandelion 40-50 PBW,

angelica sinensis 25-35 PBW, stem of obtuseleaf erycibe 5-10 PBW, peony bark

-40 PBW, coix seed 30-40 PBW, spina gleditsiae 20-30 PBW, photinia leaf 4-8

PBW, saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. 10-30 PBW, herbaartemisiae

scopariae 20-30 PBW, licorice 20-30 PBW, polyvinyl alcohol 200-400 PBW.

2. Feature of the TCM cataplasm as mentioned in Claims 1: The TCM cataplasm

consists of the following raw materials at the dosage below: white mulberry root-bark

PBW, cortex dictamni 45 PBW, scutellaria baicalensis 30 PBW, herb of indian

lettuce 20 PBW, dandelion 45 PBW, angelica sinensis 30 PBW, stem of obtuseleaf

erycibe 7 PBW, peony bark 30 PBW, coix seed 36 PBW, spina gleditsiae 25 PBW,

photinia leaf 6 PBW, saposhnikovia divaricata (trucz.) schischk. 20 PBW,

herbaartemisiae scopariae 25 PBW, licorice 25 PBW, polyvinyl alcohol 300 PBW.

3. Feature of the preparation method of the TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat

acne as mentioned in Claims 1 or 2: The TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne is

prepared by the following steps:

filter liquor;

2) The filter liquor is vacuum concentrated to the extractum with a relative density of 1.3-1.4 that is added with 50-60% by volume of ethanol precipitation after cooling, then kept for 12h. They are filtered to get the liquid supernatant and collect ethanol and concentrated to the extractum with a relative density of 1.05-1.1 at 60°C;

3) Polyvinyl alcohol is added into pure water, heated and dissolved at 80-90°C

and then cooled to the room temperature, finally getting the colloidal liquid;

4) The extractum is well mixed with the colloidal liquid to get the above

aforesaid TCM cataplasm for dampness-heat acne.

4. Feature of the preparation method as mentioned in Claims 3: The weight ratio

of the aforesaid polyvinyl alcohol and pure water is 1:1-2.