ZA894954B - Transvinylation reaction - Google Patents
Transvinylation reactionInfo
- Publication number
- ZA894954B ZA894954B ZA894954A ZA894954A ZA894954B ZA 894954 B ZA894954 B ZA 894954B ZA 894954 A ZA894954 A ZA 894954A ZA 894954 A ZA894954 A ZA 894954A ZA 894954 B ZA894954 B ZA 894954B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- transvinylation
- bronsted acid
- vinyl derivative
- carboxylic acids
- vinyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/267—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/18—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas
- C07C273/1854—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas by reactions not involving the formation of the N-C(O)-N- moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/36—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids
- C07C303/40—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reactions not involving the formation of sulfonamide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/16—Preparation of ethers by reaction of esters of mineral or organic acids with hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/10—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with ester groups or with a carbon-halogen bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/28—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/29—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/30—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D233/32—One oxygen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
- C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/213,697 US4981973A (en) | 1988-06-30 | 1988-06-30 | Transvinylation reaction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA894954B true ZA894954B (en) | 1990-04-25 |
Family
ID=22796150
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA894954A ZA894954B (en) | 1988-06-30 | 1989-06-29 | Transvinylation reaction |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4981973A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0351603B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JPH0684317B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR950000643B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE115113T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU623151B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR8903207A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA1337869C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE68919766T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK324889A (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2064385T3 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI893186A (es) |
| HU (1) | HU208519B (es) |
| MC (1) | MC2036A1 (es) |
| MY (1) | MY105046A (es) |
| NO (1) | NO173275C (es) |
| RO (1) | RO105609B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2051143C1 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA894954B (es) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5155253A (en) | 1988-06-30 | 1992-10-13 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Transvinylation process for the preparation of thermally labile vinyl compounds and for vinyl compounds prepared from thermally labile acids |
| US5210207A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-05-11 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Transvinylation process by reactive distillation |
| US5214172A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1993-05-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Catalytic transvinylation of vinyl esters |
| JP2786104B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-28 | 1998-08-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| DE19524619A1 (de) * | 1995-07-06 | 1997-01-09 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-Alkenylharnstoffen |
| DE19533219A1 (de) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-Alkenylcarbaminsäureestern |
| US5741925A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-04-21 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Transvinylation of naphthenic acids |
| US6133228A (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2000-10-17 | Firmenich Sa | Slow release of fragrant compounds in perfumery using 2-benzoyl benzoates, 2-alkanoyl benzoates or α-keto esters |
| JP4856826B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-30 | 2012-01-18 | 株式会社ダイセル | ビニルエーテル化合物の製造法 |
| JP4804965B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-10 | 2011-11-02 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | ビニル又はアリル基含有化合物の製造法 |
| JP5312133B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-10-09 | 丸善石油化学株式会社 | 高純度ビニルエーテルの製造法 |
| CN102958899B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2015-12-02 | 塞拉尼斯国际公司 | 羧酸与乙酸乙烯酯的半连续乙烯基转移方法 |
| DE102012002282A1 (de) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-08 | Oxea Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylestern |
| DE102012002274A1 (de) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-08 | Oxea Gmbh | Verfahren zur Koppelproduktion von Vinylestern und Essigsäurefolgeprodukten oder Propionsäurefolgeprodukten |
| EP2825529A1 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-01-21 | Rohm and Haas Company | Transesterification process |
| DE102013224491A1 (de) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-03 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Ruthenium-katalysierten Umvinylierung von Carbonsäuren |
| DE102013224496A1 (de) | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-03 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Ruthenium-katalysierten Umvinylierung von Carbonsäuren |
| DE102014206916A1 (de) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-10-15 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Ruthenium-katalysierten Umvinylierung von Carbonsäuren |
| DE102014206915A1 (de) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-10-15 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Darstellung einer aktiven Ruthenium-Katalysatorlösung für die Umvinylierung von Carbonsäuren |
| DE102014210835A1 (de) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-17 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Trennung von hochsiedenden Carbonsäurevinylester/Carbonsäure-Gemischen |
| DE102015216373A1 (de) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-02 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Umvinylierung von Carbonsäuren |
| US20230073963A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2023-03-09 | Basf Se | Synthesis of N-vinyl compounds by reacting cylic NH-compounds with acetylene in presence of homogenous catalyst |
Family Cites Families (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3188319A (en) * | 1965-06-08 | Production of vinyl estess | ||
| US2245131A (en) * | 1941-06-10 | Process of preparing vinyl esters | ||
| US2299862A (en) * | 1942-10-27 | Preparation of vinyl esters | ||
| US827718A (en) * | 1905-12-02 | 1906-08-07 | Benno Vom Eigen | Shaving device. |
| US877103A (en) * | 1907-07-12 | 1908-01-21 | John Marsden | Rotary engine. |
| US2997494A (en) * | 1956-08-27 | 1961-08-22 | Air Reduction | Method of preparing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids |
| US2989554A (en) * | 1957-01-30 | 1961-06-20 | Vinyl Products Ltd | Manufacture of vinyl esters |
| US3000918A (en) * | 1958-05-15 | 1961-09-19 | Grace W R & Co | Vinyl ester synthesis |
| US3179641A (en) * | 1961-05-22 | 1965-04-20 | Armour & Co | Vinyl aryl stearates and polymers thereof |
| US3117145A (en) * | 1961-08-31 | 1964-01-07 | Grace W R & Co | Method of purifying vinyl esters of organic carboxylic acids |
| FR1304569A (fr) * | 1961-10-27 | 1962-09-21 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Procédé de préparation d'esters vinyliques |
| NL291243A (es) * | 1962-04-25 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| US3158633A (en) * | 1962-07-02 | 1964-11-24 | William S Port | Process for preparation of vinyl esters |
| DE1249847B (de) * | 1964-12-22 | 1967-09-14 | Deutsche Gold- und Silber Schei deanstalt vormals Roessler Frankfurt/M | Verfahren zur Herstellung von a- und ß-Fornrylisobuttersaure estern und von a- und ß-Formylisobuttersaurenitnl durch Hydroformvlierung |
| US3337611A (en) * | 1965-04-12 | 1967-08-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Synthesis of vinyl esters by ester interchange with a molar excess of the carboxylicacid |
| US3391130A (en) * | 1965-10-01 | 1968-07-02 | Interchem Corp | Vinyl-tris-(chloromethyl)-acetate and homopolymer |
| US3454644A (en) * | 1966-05-09 | 1969-07-08 | Shell Oil Co | Homogeneous hydrogenation process employing a complex of ruthenium or osmium as catalyst |
| DE1296138B (de) * | 1967-03-03 | 1969-05-29 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonsaeurevinylestern |
| US3647832A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1972-03-07 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Ruthenium complexes and processes for their preparation |
| US3560534A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1971-02-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Transvinylation using mercuric acetate/perchloric acid catalyst |
| US3751449A (en) * | 1969-06-26 | 1973-08-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Cycloaliphatic and phenylalkyl acrylates and vinyl esters |
| GB1326012A (en) * | 1969-07-14 | 1973-08-08 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Catalyst compositions |
| US3755387A (en) * | 1969-08-05 | 1973-08-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Vapor phase transvinylation process |
| US3786102A (en) * | 1971-08-09 | 1974-01-15 | Grace W R & Co | Transvinylation catalyst |
| GB1405592A (en) * | 1971-08-11 | 1975-09-10 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Compounds of ruthenium |
| US3965156A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1976-06-22 | General Electric Company | Process for preparing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids |
| US3965155A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1976-06-22 | General Electric Company | Process for preparing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids |
| US4112235A (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1978-09-05 | Uop Inc. | Transesterification of carboxylic acids |
| US4175056A (en) * | 1977-11-04 | 1979-11-20 | Uop Inc. | Activated multimetallic catalytic composite comprising pyrolized ruthenium carbonyl |
| DE3172522D1 (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1985-11-07 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Vinyl-substituted 2,2'-bipyridines, polymers prepared therefrom, their preparation and their use |
| DE3047347A1 (de) * | 1980-12-16 | 1982-07-22 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | Palladium(ii)-katalysator, seine herstellung und verwendung |
| US4446073A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1984-05-01 | Uop Inc. | Process for the reduction of unsaturated carboxylic acids |
| US4366259A (en) * | 1981-10-29 | 1982-12-28 | Texaco, Inc. | Production of acetic acid and propionic acid and their esters |
| US4640802A (en) * | 1981-12-10 | 1987-02-03 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the co-production of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters |
| US4664851A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1987-05-12 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the co-production of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters |
| US4458088A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1984-07-03 | The Standard Oil Company (Sohio) | Continuous process for the extraction and esterification of carboxylic acid |
| GB8406126D0 (en) * | 1984-03-08 | 1984-04-11 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Esters |
| GB8602178D0 (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1986-03-05 | Shell Int Research | Preparation of diester of 2-butenedioic acid |
-
1988
- 1988-06-30 US US07/213,697 patent/US4981973A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-06-29 NO NO892717A patent/NO173275C/no unknown
- 1989-06-29 ES ES89111829T patent/ES2064385T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-29 AT AT89111829T patent/ATE115113T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-29 BR BR898903207A patent/BR8903207A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-29 EP EP89111829A patent/EP0351603B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-29 MY MYPI89000886A patent/MY105046A/en unknown
- 1989-06-29 RO RO140526A patent/RO105609B1/ro unknown
- 1989-06-29 CA CA000604426A patent/CA1337869C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-29 FI FI893186A patent/FI893186A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-29 AU AU37177/89A patent/AU623151B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-06-29 KR KR1019890009030A patent/KR950000643B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-29 DE DE68919766T patent/DE68919766T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-29 DK DK324889A patent/DK324889A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-29 HU HU893324A patent/HU208519B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-29 MC MC892063A patent/MC2036A1/xx unknown
- 1989-06-29 ZA ZA894954A patent/ZA894954B/xx unknown
- 1989-06-29 JP JP1165504A patent/JPH0684317B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-29 RU SU894614352A patent/RU2051143C1/ru active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO892717L (no) | 1990-01-02 |
| CA1337869C (en) | 1996-01-02 |
| AU623151B2 (en) | 1992-05-07 |
| EP0351603A3 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
| KR910000589A (ko) | 1991-01-29 |
| ES2064385T3 (es) | 1995-02-01 |
| NO173275B (no) | 1993-08-16 |
| BR8903207A (pt) | 1990-02-13 |
| HU208519B (en) | 1993-11-29 |
| NO173275C (no) | 1993-11-24 |
| DK324889A (da) | 1989-12-31 |
| KR950000643B1 (ko) | 1995-01-26 |
| JPH0684317B2 (ja) | 1994-10-26 |
| NO892717D0 (no) | 1989-06-29 |
| DE68919766T2 (de) | 1995-05-04 |
| ATE115113T1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
| DK324889D0 (da) | 1989-06-29 |
| AU3717789A (en) | 1990-01-04 |
| FI893186A (fi) | 1989-12-31 |
| JPH0256438A (ja) | 1990-02-26 |
| FI893186A0 (fi) | 1989-06-29 |
| MY105046A (en) | 1994-07-30 |
| HUT50754A (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| US4981973A (en) | 1991-01-01 |
| EP0351603A2 (en) | 1990-01-24 |
| RO105609B1 (ro) | 1992-10-30 |
| EP0351603B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| RU2051143C1 (ru) | 1995-12-27 |
| DE68919766D1 (de) | 1995-01-19 |
| MC2036A1 (fr) | 1990-05-30 |
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