ZA200407434B - Reduction of metal oxides in an elecrolytic cell - Google Patents
Reduction of metal oxides in an elecrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200407434B ZA200407434B ZA200407434A ZA200407434A ZA200407434B ZA 200407434 B ZA200407434 B ZA 200407434B ZA 200407434 A ZA200407434 A ZA 200407434A ZA 200407434 A ZA200407434 A ZA 200407434A ZA 200407434 B ZA200407434 B ZA 200407434B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- metal
- cell
- cathode
- metal oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 32
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 oxygen anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100437120 Arabidopsis thaliana AUG3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007248 cellular mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclofos Chemical compound C1=C(OP(=O)(OCC)SCCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/129—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/18—Electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
- C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPS1071A AUPS107102A0 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2002-03-13 | Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides |
| AUPS3049A AUPS304902A0 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-06-19 | Reduction of metal oxides in an electrolytic cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200407434B true ZA200407434B (en) | 2006-05-31 |
Family
ID=27805836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200407434A ZA200407434B (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2004-09-16 | Reduction of metal oxides in an elecrolytic cell |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1492905A4 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4658479B2 (fr) |
| KR (2) | KR101038701B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1650051B (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0308384B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2479048C (fr) |
| EA (1) | EA007046B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04008887A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO340277B1 (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ531467A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003076690A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200407434B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPS117002A0 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2002-04-18 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Minimising carbon transfer in an electrolytic cell |
| GB0219640D0 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2002-10-02 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Electrochemical method and apparatus |
| AU2002951962A0 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2002-10-24 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides |
| AU2002952083A0 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-31 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Minimising carbon transfer in an electrolytic cell |
| JP4513297B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2010-07-28 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 金属酸化物の還元方法及び金属酸化物の還元装置 |
| JP4502617B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2010-07-14 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 金属酸化物の還元方法及び金属酸化物の還元装置 |
| RU2006137273A (ru) * | 2004-03-22 | 2008-04-27 | Би Эйч Пи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД (AU) | Электрохимическое восстановление оксидов металлов |
| AU2005256146B2 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2010-11-25 | Metalysis Limited | Production of titanium |
| EP1920087B1 (fr) * | 2005-08-01 | 2017-03-22 | Metalysis Limited | Reduction electrochimique d'oxyde de titane |
| NO20062776L (no) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-17 | Norsk Titanium Tech As | Fremgangsmåte, apparatur samt midler for produksjon av materiale i en smeltet salt elektrolytt |
| CN100532653C (zh) * | 2006-11-03 | 2009-08-26 | 西北有色金属研究院 | 一种熔盐电解提取钛的方法 |
| GB0714021D0 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2007-08-29 | Green Metals Ltd | Improvements in anode materials |
| GB0902486D0 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2009-04-01 | Metalysis Ltd | A method for producing metal powders |
| GB201010772D0 (en) * | 2010-06-26 | 2010-08-11 | Fray Derek J | Method for texturing silicon surfaces |
| US9725815B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2017-08-08 | Metalysis Limited | Electrolysis apparatus |
| US20130327653A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2013-12-12 | Metalysis Limited | Method and system for electrolytically reducing a solid feedstock |
| GB201019615D0 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2010-12-29 | Metalysis Ltd | Electrolysis apparatus and method |
| GB201102023D0 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-03-23 | Metalysis Ltd | Electrolysis method, apparatus and product |
| RU2466216C1 (ru) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-11-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Способ получения металлического титана электролизом |
| EA030643B1 (ru) | 2011-10-04 | 2018-09-28 | Металисиз Лимитед | Электролитическое получение порошков |
| GB201223375D0 (en) | 2012-12-24 | 2013-02-06 | Metalysis Ltd | Method and apparatus for producing metal by electrolytic reduction |
| KR101526298B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-06-10 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 산화티타늄 전극의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 활성산소종 생성 시스템, 염소 생성 시스템, 염료감응형 태양전지 및 전기이중층 커패시터 |
| GB201411433D0 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2014-08-13 | Metalysis Ltd | Method and apparatus for electrolytic reduction of a feedstock comprising oxygen and a first metal |
| KR101740424B1 (ko) | 2015-08-18 | 2017-05-26 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 일메나이트 원광을 이용한 금속 티타늄의 제조방법 |
| NL2015759B1 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-26 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Additive manufacturing of metal objects. |
| AU2017220569B2 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2022-06-23 | Metalysis Limited | Methods of making graphene materials |
| GB201615660D0 (en) | 2016-09-14 | 2016-10-26 | Metalysis Ltd | Method of producing a powder |
| GB201615658D0 (en) | 2016-09-14 | 2016-10-26 | Metalysis Ltd | Method of producing a composite material |
| GB201615659D0 (en) | 2016-09-14 | 2016-10-26 | Metalysis Ltd | Method of producing a powder |
| NL2018890B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-15 | Admatec Europe B V | Additive manufacturing of metal objects |
| NL2021611B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2020-05-06 | Admatec Europe B V | Three-dimensional object and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109763146B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-03-26 | 贵州省过程工业技术研究中心 | 一种铝电解用钛基复合材料阳极制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS322357B1 (fr) * | 1954-12-29 | 1957-04-18 | ||
| ITTO970080A1 (it) | 1997-02-04 | 1998-08-04 | Marco Vincenzo Ginatta | Procedimento per la produzione elettrolitica di metalli |
| GB9812169D0 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1998-08-05 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Purification method |
| GB2359564B (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2004-09-29 | Secr Defence | Improvements in the electrolytic reduction of metal oxides |
| AUPR443801A0 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2001-05-17 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Removal of oxygen from metal oxides and solid metal solutions |
| AUPR602901A0 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2001-07-26 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Removal of oxygen from metals oxides and solid metal solutions |
| AUPR712101A0 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2001-09-06 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Process for manufacture of titanium products |
| JP2003129268A (ja) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-05-08 | Katsutoshi Ono | 金属チタンの精錬方法及び精錬装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-13 EP EP03743767A patent/EP1492905A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-13 KR KR1020047014399A patent/KR101038701B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-13 CA CA2479048A patent/CA2479048C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-13 EP EP14163470.9A patent/EP2770086A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-13 WO PCT/AU2003/000306 patent/WO2003076690A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2003-03-13 MX MXPA04008887A patent/MXPA04008887A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-13 EA EA200401203A patent/EA007046B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-13 JP JP2003574882A patent/JP4658479B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-13 CN CN038092735A patent/CN1650051B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-13 BR BRPI0308384-5A patent/BR0308384B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-13 NZ NZ531467A patent/NZ531467A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-13 KR KR1020117003330A patent/KR20110025237A/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2004
- 2004-09-15 NO NO20043857A patent/NO340277B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-16 ZA ZA200407434A patent/ZA200407434B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2479048A1 (fr) | 2003-09-18 |
| EP1492905A1 (fr) | 2005-01-05 |
| WO2003076690A1 (fr) | 2003-09-18 |
| NO20043857L (no) | 2004-12-08 |
| EP2770086A3 (fr) | 2014-10-29 |
| CA2479048C (fr) | 2012-07-10 |
| CN1650051A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
| EA007046B1 (ru) | 2006-06-30 |
| NZ531467A (en) | 2007-06-29 |
| EP1492905A4 (fr) | 2006-06-28 |
| CN1650051B (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
| BR0308384A (pt) | 2005-01-25 |
| MXPA04008887A (es) | 2004-11-26 |
| KR101038701B1 (ko) | 2011-06-02 |
| NO340277B1 (no) | 2017-03-27 |
| KR20040111408A (ko) | 2004-12-31 |
| KR20110025237A (ko) | 2011-03-09 |
| EA200401203A1 (ru) | 2005-06-30 |
| EP2770086A2 (fr) | 2014-08-27 |
| JP2005520045A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
| JP4658479B2 (ja) | 2011-03-23 |
| BR0308384B1 (pt) | 2014-02-04 |
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