WO2025200465A1 - 光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents
光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法Info
- Publication number
- WO2025200465A1 WO2025200465A1 PCT/CN2024/130357 CN2024130357W WO2025200465A1 WO 2025200465 A1 WO2025200465 A1 WO 2025200465A1 CN 2024130357 W CN2024130357 W CN 2024130357W WO 2025200465 A1 WO2025200465 A1 WO 2025200465A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium disilicate
- disilicate glass
- additive manufacturing
- mixture
- glass ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/20—Protective coatings for natural or artificial teeth, e.g. sealings, dye coatings or varnish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/60—Preparations for dentistry comprising organic or organo-metallic additives
- A61K6/62—Photochemical radical initiators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/70—Preparations for dentistry comprising inorganic additives
- A61K6/71—Fillers
- A61K6/77—Glass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/884—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
- A61K6/887—Compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K6/889—Polycarboxylate cements; Glass ionomer cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/06—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C12/00—Powdered glass; Bead compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of lithium disilicate glass ceramic preparation, and in particular to a method for manufacturing highly transparent lithium disilicate glass ceramic by photocuring additive manufacturing.
- Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics have been used clinically as dental restorative materials for many years.
- the preparation of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns using 3D printing technology is currently a technological approach that effectively reduces raw material waste.
- 3D printing technologies primarily include stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), direct ink writing (DIW), and extrusion forming (EFF).
- the present invention provides a method for photocuring additive manufacturing of highly transparent lithium disilicate glass ceramics, which solves the problem that the lithium disilicate glass ceramics obtained by the existing additive manufacturing method have low flexural strength or high strength but poor light transmittance.
- step S6 adding the lithium disilicate glass ceramic particles obtained in step S4 to the resin mixture in multiple portions, placing the mixture in a roller press and rolling it at least once to obtain a rolled mixture, adding nano-fumed silica to the rolled mixture to obtain a paste, and placing the paste in a vacuum machine for vacuum degassing;
- the temperature is first raised from room temperature to 200°C at a heating rate of 1°C/min, then successively raised from 200°C to 400°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C/min, and from 400°C to 500°C at a heating rate of 1°C/min, and kept at 500°C for 2 hours; then, air is introduced, the temperature is raised from 500°C to 600°C at a heating rate of 2°C/min, kept at this temperature for 1 hour, and then lowered to room temperature at a cooling rate of 2°C/min to obtain a degreased sample;
- the degreased sample is placed in a 21% to 24% lithium polysilicate solution for vacuum impregnation.
- sintering is performed: heating to 500°C in air, then evacuating with the vacuum degree controlled below 10 mbar, and then heating to 630°C, holding the temperature for 2 hours, then heating to 800 to 950°C at a heating rate of 2°C/min, holding the temperature for 1 hour, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 2°C/min to obtain a sintered sample;
- nitrate is a mixture of sodium nitrate and rubidium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1.
- step S4 the particle size of the lithium disilicate glass ceramic particles of 5 to 25 ⁇ m presents a bimodal distribution, with two peaks at 5 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the photosensitive resin premix comprises a monofunctional photosensitive resin monomer, a bifunctional photosensitive resin monomer and a multifunctional photosensitive resin monomer in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to 1:2:3;
- the monofunctional photosensitive resin monomer includes one or more of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, and lauric acid methacrylate;
- the bifunctional photosensitive resin monomer includes one or more of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, and dipropylene glycol diacrylate;
- the trifunctional photosensitive resin monomer includes propoxylated glycerol triacrylate or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
- the mass of the photoinitiator accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the mass of the photosensitive resin premix
- the photoinitiator includes one or both of diphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone;
- the mass ratio of diphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide to 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is 1:1.
- the dispersant includes gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1:1.
- the cleaning solution includes hexanediol diacrylate, isopropyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol 200 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
- step S2 the temperature of the heat treatment is 1400-1600°C.
- the method of the present invention improves the flexural strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics without sacrificing light transmittance, thereby meeting the mechanical property and light transmittance requirements of a standard dental single crown. Specifically, it has the following advantages:
- the present invention improves the degreasing and sintering processes by quenching with flowing deionized water.
- the heat of the molten mixture is quickly taken away by the flowing water in a short time, which prevents the accumulation of particles formed by quenching, reduces the generation of large particles, and obtains small-sized particles, thereby effectively reducing the particle size after quenching and improving the particle uniformity. It not only shortens the subsequent ball milling time, but also facilitates the formation of more rod-shaped crystals during subsequent sintering.
- the present invention adjusts the microstructure of the product, reduces pore formation, and improves density by controlling the parameters of degreasing and sintering, including atmosphere, sintering temperature, holding time, and impregnation conditions.
- the present invention utilizes fluidized nitrate to carry out ion exchange with the sintered sample under high-pressure vacuum conditions, thereby further improving the flexural strength of the product, while increasing the ion exchange rate and shortening the reaction time.
- the method of the present invention is simple to operate, does not require a large amount of heat treatment and post-processing processes, has low energy consumption, and high processing efficiency.
- FIG1 is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
- FIG2 is a SEM image of the lithium disilicate glass ceramic particles obtained in step S4 of the method of Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG3 is a physical picture of the dental crown product prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.
- the temperature of the deionized water is room temperature, specifically 20-25° C., and the flow rate is 0.5 m/s.
- lithium disilicate glass ceramic particles ranging from 5 to 25 ⁇ m presents a bimodal distribution, with two peaks at 5 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m respectively;
- the photosensitive resin premix comprises a monofunctional photosensitive resin monomer, a bifunctional photosensitive resin monomer and a multifunctional photosensitive resin monomer in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to 1:2:3;
- the monofunctional photosensitive resin monomer includes one or more of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, and lauric acid methacrylate;
- the bifunctional photosensitive resin monomer includes one or more of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, and dipropylene glycol diacrylate;
- the trifunctional photosensitive resin monomer includes propoxylated glycerol triacrylate or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate;
- the mass of the photoinitiator accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the mass of the photosensitive resin premix
- the photoinitiator includes one or both of diphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone; the mass ratio of diphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide to 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is 1:1;
- the dispersant includes gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1:1.
- the mass of the lithium disilicate glass ceramic particles accounts for 70% to 85% of the paste, the mass of the nano-fumed silica accounts for 0.1% to 0.5% of the paste, and the particle size of the nano-fumed silica is 7 nanometers.
- the printing parameters are adaptively set to obtain a crown blank that meets individual needs and is suitable for the target use;
- the cleaning solution includes hexanediol diacrylate, isopropyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol 200 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
- the degreased sample was placed in a lithium polysilicate solution with a concentration of 21% to 24% and vacuum impregnated for a total of 5 times, each time for 1 hour. After the impregnation was completed, the sample was heated to 500° C. in air, and then vacuumed with the vacuum degree controlled below 10 mbar. The temperature was further increased to 630° C. and kept at this temperature for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 950° C. at a heating rate of 2° C./min, kept at this temperature for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 2° C./min to obtain a sintered sample.
- ion exchange is performed under vacuum conditions, which draws out gas molecules, thereby increasing the space and rate of ion exchange. This helps accelerate ion diffusion and penetration, increasing the migration rate of ions within the material, thereby shortening the ion exchange time and improving exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the nitrate is in a mobile state, further increasing the exchange rate.
- the introduction of a dispersant can introduce groups, which is beneficial for uniform dispersion in the organic resin and increasing the solid content.
- the silane molecules directly condense with the surface hydroxyl groups in the silica through the -OCH3 groups in the silane, chemically bonding to the surface of the filler particles to form a covalent bond (oxyalkylene bond, Si-O-Si).
- the -OCH3 groups on adjacent silane molecules can also condense with each other.
- step S5 of this embodiment the addition of nano-fumed silica modifies the rheological properties, similar to a Bingham fluid, without affecting its viscosity. Shear thinning occurs, and in the absence of external forces, the original state remains unchanged, without introducing new impurities and thus affecting light transmittance.
- a flowing cleaning solution is used for cleaning, ensuring efficiency while preventing the interlayer bonding of the 3D-printed green body.
- the cleaning solution used reduces the concentration of isopropyl alcohol, preventing it from dissolving the solidified resin within a short period of time. Furthermore, the flowing cleaning solution quickly removes excess paste material, thereby improving cleaning efficiency.
- step S9 of this embodiment degreases in vacuum or inert gas.
- the main purpose is to control the oxygen content below 500°C, effectively avoiding the simultaneous occurrence of thermal cracking reaction and oxidation reaction, thereby avoiding the generation of a large amount of gas in a short time and causing cracks.
- the temperature reaches above 500°C, and then slowly introduces air and then heats up again.
- the purpose is to remove the carbon remaining due to the thermal cracking reaction.
- the temperature is then lowered for impregnation.
- the purpose of impregnation with lithium polysilicate solution is that there are pores in the green body after the lithium disilicate glass ceramic is degreased.
- lithium polysilicate can fill these pores, thereby improving the density of the green body.
- the temperature is raised from room temperature to 500°C, and further oxidation reaction is carried out to remove carbon.
- the temperature is continued to be raised under vacuum conditions below 10mbar. More rod-shaped grains can be generated, the transmittance is increased, and at the same time, pore formation is prevented under vacuum, the density is improved, and the strength is thereby improved.
- step S3 the flow rate of the stable flow deionized water is 1 m/s, and the D50 of the initial particles obtained by quenching is 0.9 mm;
- step S9 after the impregnation is completed, heat to 500°C in the air, then evacuate, control the vacuum degree below 10mbar, continue to heat to 630°C, keep warm for 2 hours, then continue to heat to 800°C, the heating rate is 2°C/min, keep warm for 1 hour, and then cool to room temperature at 2°C/min to obtain the crown product.
- step S3 the flow rate of the stable flow deionized water is 2 m/s, and the D50 of the initial particles obtained by quenching is 0.8 mm;
- step S9 The sintered sample obtained in step S9 is used as a dental crown product, that is, the ion exchange in step S10 is not performed.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,包括:向制备好的粉末中加入无水乙醇,经球磨混合均匀后干燥,热处理后得熔融态混合物;将熔融态混合物滴入流动去离子水中淬冷形成初始颗粒;将初始颗粒球磨过筛制成0.3~0.5μm粒径的粉末,通过喷雾干燥造粒获得5~25μm玻璃陶瓷颗粒;向备好的树脂混合物中加入玻璃陶瓷颗粒,放入辊压机制备膏体再真空脱泡;将膏体通过增材制造设备进行光固化成形得到生坯;使用流动清洗溶液清洗生坯然后干燥;在真空或者惰性气体中脱脂,再在聚硅酸锂溶液中真空浸渍,再进行烧结、离子交换后获得成品。本发明解决了增材制造二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷强度不足或透光率较低的问题。
Description
本发明涉及二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷制备技术领域,尤其是一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法。
二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷作为牙科修复材料已在临床应用多年。通过3D打印技术制备二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠,是目前能有效降低原材料浪费的一种技术路径。3D打印技术主要包括光固化(SLA)、选区激光烧结(SLS)、墨水直写(DIW)及挤出成型(EFF)等技术。
但是现有基于3D打印技术制备二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷存在强度不高的问题。在一些方案中,所得的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的挠曲强度小于100MPa,不符合牙科的标准单冠挠曲强度为300MPa以上的标准,因此无法作为单冠修复体使用。在另一些方案中,通过增材制造获得的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的强度在150~250MPa,然后再通过复杂的化学强化(离子交换)过程之后,强度可超过300MPa,但都是浸渍在静止的熔融盐中,这种方法耗时较长,效率比较低,且难以控制离子交换的深度。还有一些方案,如专利CN202110901288.X公开的一种高强度和高透性二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷及其制备方法和应用,其热处理次数过多,会影响二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的性能。且块体通过热压方式成型会极大增加后处理成本,而采用失蜡法成型则精度较低。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,解决了现有增材制造方法所得二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的挠曲强度低或强度高但透光性差的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,包括:
S1、按照以下质量百分数的组分制备粉末:59%~70% SiO2、14%~20% Li2O、3%~5%K2O、1%~5%P2O5、1%~3%ZnO以及其他组分,所述其他组分包括Al2O3、ZrO2、Na2O、Tb4O7、La2O3、CeO2、MgO、Y2O3、CaO;
S2、向所述粉末中加入无水乙醇,经过球磨混合均匀后干燥,然后热处理,得熔融态混合物;
S3、将所述熔融态混合物滴入稳定流动态的去离子水中淬冷,在去离子水中形成初始颗粒,所述初始颗粒的D50≤1mm;
S4、将所述初始颗粒球磨过筛,制成D50=0.3~0.5μm粒径的粉末,再通过喷雾干燥造粒获得5~25μm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒;
S5、将光敏树脂预混液、分散剂、光引发剂混合,得到树脂混合物;
S6、向所述树脂混合物中分多次加入步骤S4所得的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒,放入辊压机至少辊压一次后得到辊压混合物,向所述辊压混合物中加入纳米气相二氧化硅,得到膏体,将所述膏体放入真空机内真空脱泡;
S7、将所述膏体放入增材制造设备内进行光固化成形,得到生坯;
S8、使用流动的清洗溶液清洗所述生坯,然后干燥;
S9、脱脂与烧结:
将所述生坯在真空或者惰性气体中脱脂:温度先从室温升至200℃,升温速率1℃/min,然后依次从200℃升至400℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,从400℃升至500℃,升温速率1℃/min,在500℃保温2小时;然后通入空气,从500℃升温至600℃,升温速率2℃/min,保温1小时,降到室温,降温速率为2℃/min,获得脱脂样品;
将所述脱脂样品放在浓度为21%~24%聚硅酸锂溶液中进行真空浸渍,完成预定浸渍时间后,进行烧结:在空气中加热到500℃,再抽真空,真空度控制在10mbar以下,继续升温至630℃,保温2小时,再升温至800~950℃,升温速率为2℃/min,保温1小时,再以2℃/min降温到室温,获得烧结样品;
S10、离子交换:将所述烧结样品置于高压真空炉内在搅拌装置作用下处于流动状态的硝酸盐中,在真空条件下,加热至300-600℃,使烧结样品浸渍在熔融态硝酸盐中与其发生离子交换反应,反应时间为0.5-2小时,最终获得产品;所述硝酸盐为质量比为1:1的硝酸钠与硝酸铷的混合物。
进一步技术方案为:
步骤S3中,所述去离子水的温度为20~25℃,流速为0.5~2m/s。
步骤S4中,所述5~25μm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的粒径呈双峰分布,两个峰值分别为5μm和25μm。
步骤S6中,所述二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的质量占膏体的70%~85%,所述纳米气相二氧化硅的质量占膏体的0.1%~0.5%,纳米气相二氧化硅的粒径为7纳米。
所述光敏树脂预混液包括质量比为1:1:1~1:2:3的单官能团光敏树脂单体、双官能团光敏树脂单体和多官能团光敏树脂单体;
所述单官能团光敏树脂单体包括甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、月桂酸甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;
所述双官能团光敏树脂单体包括1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;
所述三官能团光敏树脂单体包括丙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯或乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。
所述光引发剂的质量占光敏树脂预混液质量的0.5%~2%;
所述光引发剂包括二苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基氧化膦和1-羟基环已基苯基酮中的一种或两种;
二苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基氧化膦和1-羟基环已基苯基酮的质量比为1:1。
所述分散剂包括质量比为1:1的γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
步骤S7中,所述清洗溶液包括质量比为1:1:1的己二醇二丙烯酸酯、异丙醇和聚乙二醇200。
步骤S2中,热处理的温度为1400~1600℃。
一种根据所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法制备的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷,所述二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的挠曲强度480~530MPa,硬度6~8GPa,透光率40%-50%。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明方法在不牺牲透光性的前提下提高了二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的挠曲强度,从而满足牙科标准单冠的力学性能和透光性要求,具体具有以下优点:
(1)本发明通过流动去离子水淬冷协同脱脂与烧结过程的改进,一方面使熔融态混合物的热量在短时间内被流动的水迅速带走,防止淬冷形成的颗粒堆积,减小大颗粒生成,获得小尺寸颗粒,从而有效降低淬冷后颗粒尺寸并提高颗粒均匀性,不仅缩短了后续球磨时间,还有利于后续烧结时形成更多棒状晶体,另一方面设置不同的温升阶段,调控对应的脱脂与烧结气氛及参数,避免了裂纹和碳残留,并进一步促进棒状晶体生成,通过棒状晶粒形成的互锁结构,从而极大地提高了力学性能和透光性。
(2)本发明通过脱脂与烧结的参数控制,包括气氛、烧结温度、保温时间、浸渍条件,调节产品的微观结构,减少气孔生成,提高致密性。
(3)本发明在高压真空条件下,利用流动态硝酸盐与烧结后样品进行离子交换,进一步提高了产品挠曲强度,同时提高了离子交换速率,缩短了反应时间。
(4)本发明方法操作简单,无需大量的热处理和后处理流程,能耗低,加工效率高。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本发明而了解。
图1为本发明方法的流程示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1方法步骤S4所得二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的SEM图。
图3为本发明实施例3制备的牙冠产品的实物图。
以下结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例1的一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,包括:
S1、按照以下质量百分数组分制备粉末:59%~70% SiO2、14%~20% Li2O、3%~5% K2O、1%~5%P2O5、1%~3%ZnO及其他组分,所述其他组分包括Al2O3、ZrO2、Na2O、Tb4O7、La2O3、CeO2、MgO、Y2O3、CaO。
S2、向所述粉末中加入无水乙醇,经过球磨混合均匀后干燥,然后在1400~1600℃温度下热处理,得熔融态混合物;
具体可采用行星球磨机进行球磨混合,转速为400~600r/min,球磨时间20小时;
S3、将所述熔融态混合物滴入稳定流动态的去离子水中淬冷,在去离子水中形成初始颗粒,所述初始颗粒的D50=1mm;
其中,去离子水的温度为常温,具体为20~25℃,流速为0.5m/s;
S4、将所述初始颗粒通过锆珠球磨过筛,制成D50=0.3~0.5μm粒径的粉末,再通过喷雾干燥造粒获得5~25μm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒;
其中,5~25μm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的粒径呈双峰分布,两个峰值分别为5μm和25μm;
S5、将光敏树脂预混液、分散剂、光引发剂混合,得到树脂混合物;
其中,所述光敏树脂预混液包括质量比为1:1:1~1:2:3的单官能团光敏树脂单体、双官能团光敏树脂单体和多官能团光敏树脂单体;
所述单官能团光敏树脂单体包括甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、月桂酸甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;
所述双官能团光敏树脂单体包括1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;
所述三官能团光敏树脂单体包括丙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯或乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯;
所述光引发剂的质量占光敏树脂预混液质量的0.5%~2%;
所述光引发剂包括二苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基氧化膦和1-羟基环已基苯基酮中的一种或两种;二苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基氧化膦和1-羟基环已基苯基酮的质量比为1:1;
所述分散剂包括质量比为1:1的γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
S6、向所述树脂混合物中分多次加入步骤S4所得的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒,然后放入辊压机至少辊压一次后得到辊压混合物,向所述辊压混合物加入纳米气相二氧化硅,得到膏体,将所述膏体放入真空机内真空脱泡;
其中,所述二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的质量占膏体的70%~85%,所述纳米气相二氧化硅的质量占膏体的0.1%~0.5%,纳米气相二氧化硅的粒径为7纳米。
S7、将所述膏体放入增材制造设备进行光固化成形,得到生坯;
可以理解,根据设计方案,适应性设置打印参数,可获得满足个性化需求的适合目标使用的牙冠生坯;
S8、使用流动的清洗溶液清洗所述生坯,然后采用冷风干燥的方式进行干燥;
其中,清洗溶液包括质量比为1:1:1的己二醇二丙烯酸酯、异丙醇和聚乙二醇200。
S9、脱脂与烧结:
将所述生坯在真空或者惰性气体中脱脂,温度先从室温升至200℃,升温速率1℃/min,然后依次从200℃升至400℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,从400℃升至500℃,升温速率1℃/min,在500℃保温2小时;然后以0.5~2L/min速率缓慢通入常温空气,再从500℃升温至600℃,升温速率2℃/min,保温1小时,降到室温,降温速率为2℃/min,获得脱脂样品;
将所述脱脂样品放在浓度为21%~24%聚硅酸锂溶液中进行真空浸渍,共浸渍5次,每次1小时,完成浸渍后,在空气中加热到500℃,再抽真空,真空度控制在10mbar以下,继续升温630℃,保温2小时,再升温至950℃,升温速率为2℃/min,保温1小时,再以2℃/min降温到室温,获得烧结样品;
脱脂与烧结时具体可采用管式加热设备进行实施。
S10、离子交换:将所述烧结样品置于高压真空炉内在搅拌装置作用下处于流动状态的硝酸盐中,在真空条件下,加热至300-600℃,使烧结样品浸渍在熔融态硝酸盐中与其发生离子交换反应,反应时间为0.5-2小时,最终获得牙冠产品;所述硝酸盐为质量比为1:1的硝酸钠与硝酸铷的混合物。
具体的,将烧结样品放入氧化铝坩埚中,然后整体置于高压真空炉内的硝酸盐中进行加热,便于反应后获得产品。
其中,离子交换的目的是利用大尺寸阳离子(钠、铷离子)替换小尺寸离子(锂离子),形成塞积效应,在不改变微观结构的情况下表面会产生残余压应力,从而提高力学性能。
本实施例采用硝酸盐进行离子交换,因其相对稳定,容易去除,而且不会跟交换的离子形成不溶的沉淀化合物。
本实施例在真空条件下进行离子交换,气体分子会被抽出,从而增加了离子交换的空间和速率。有助于加速离子的扩散和渗透,即增加离子在材料内部的迁移速度,从而缩短离子交换的时间,提高交换效率。并且,硝酸盐处于流动状态,进一步增加了交换速率。
与在静止熔融状态的硝酸盐中进行离子交换需要的时间都是8小时以上相比,本实施例高压真空条件下的离子交换只需要0.5-2小时便可完成。
本实施例的步骤S3,采用20~25℃、流速为0.5m/s稳定流动态的去离子水进行淬冷,和采用静止状态离子水淬冷相比,提高了散热效果,可使冷却之后的颗粒尺寸更小,更均匀。颗粒尺寸减小后,有利于后续烧结过程中,生成更多的棒状晶粒,棒状晶粒形成互锁结构,有利于提高力学性能。此外,颗粒尺寸减小后,对于后续步骤S4球磨到0.3~0.5μm粒径的粉末所需要的时间则会缩短,从而提高制备效率。
本实施例的步骤S5,引入分散剂可引入基团,有利于在有机树脂中分散均匀,提高固含量。具体的,根据缩合机制,硅烷分子通过硅烷中的-OCH3基团与二氧化硅中的表面羟基直接缩合,与填充物颗粒表面化学结合,形成共价键(氧烷键,Si-O-Si)。相邻硅烷分子上的-OCH3基团也可以相互缩合。
本实施例的步骤S5,加纳米气相二氧化硅可改变流变性能,类似宾汉流体,却并不影响其粘度。剪切变稀,无外力作用时,保持原有的状态不变,也不会引入新的杂质,避免影响透光率。
本实施例的步骤S8,用流动态的清洗溶液进行清洗,既保证了效率,又不会影响3D打印成型的生坯的层间结合。所使用的清洗溶液减弱了异丙醇的浓度,短时间内不会溶解已固化的树脂。此外流动的清洗溶液能快速地带走多余的膏体材料,从而提高清洗效率。
与常规在空气中脱脂的方法相比,本实施例的步骤S9在真空或者惰性气体中脱脂,主要目的是在500℃以下,控制氧气含量,有效避免热裂解反应与氧化反应同时发生,从而避免短时间生成大量的气体导致裂纹的产生。温度达500℃以上,再缓慢的通入空气,再升温,目的是为了除去因热裂解反应而残留下的碳。然后再降温进行浸渍,浸渍聚硅酸锂溶液的目的是二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷脱脂后的坯体中有孔隙,通过浸渍可使聚硅酸锂填充这些孔隙,从而提高坯体致密度。之后再从室温升温至500℃,进一步进行氧化反应去碳,再在10mbar以下真空度条件下继续升温,可生成更多的棒状晶粒,增加透光率,同时在真空下防止孔隙生成,提高致密性,进而提升强度。
对实施例1制得的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠进行力学测试,其挠曲强度为480MPa,硬度为6GPa,透光率42%。
如图2所示,为本实施例制得的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒呈双峰分布,在膏体制备过程中,双峰分布的颗粒和单一粒径颗粒堆积相比,可有效缩小颗粒间的孔隙,从而有利于提高膏体的固含量。
实施例2
本实施例2的一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,在制备流程及其他参数与实施例1均相同的情况下,区别是:
步骤S3中,所述稳定流动态去离子水的流速为1m/s,淬冷所得的所述初始颗粒的D50=0.9mm;
步骤S9中,完成浸渍后,在空气中加热到500℃,再抽真空,真空度控制在10mbar以下,继续升温至630℃,保温2小时,再继续升温至800℃,升温速率为2℃/min,保温1小时,再以2℃/min降温到室温,获得牙冠产品。
对实施例2制得的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠进行力学测试和透光率测试,其挠曲强度为500MPa,硬度为7GPa,透光率46%。
实施例3
本实施例3的一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,在制备流程及其他参数与实施例1均相同的情况下,区别是:
步骤S3中,所述稳定流动态去离子水的流速为2m/s,淬冷所得的所述初始颗粒的D50=0.8mm;
步骤S9中,完成浸渍后,在空气中加热到500℃,再抽真空,真空度控制在10mbar以下,继续升温至630℃,保温2小时,再继续升温至875℃,升温速率为2℃/min,保温1小时,再以2℃/min降温到室温,获得牙冠产品。
对实施例3制得的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠进行力学测试和透光率测试,其挠曲强度为530MPa,硬度为8GPa,透光率50%。
如图3所示,为本实施例3牙冠产品的实物图,可看到其透光性较好。
对比例1
本对比例的一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,在制备流程及其他参数与实施例3均相同的情况下,区别是:
步骤S3中,所述稳定流动态去离子水的流速为0,即在静止状态的水中进行淬冷,所得的所述初始颗粒的D50=3~5mm。
对制得的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠进行力学测试和透光率测试,其挠曲强度为285MPa,硬度为5GPa,透光率30%。
对比例2
本对比例的一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,在制备流程及其他参数与实施例3均相同的情况下,区别是:
以步骤S9获得的烧结样品作用牙冠产品,即不进行步骤S10的离子交换。
对制得的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠进行力学测试和透光率测试,挠曲强度为400MPa,硬度为7GPa,透光率50%。
综上,由以上各实施例和对比例可知,在特定流速和温度的去离子水及脱脂与烧结条件下,通过本申请制备方法最优可获得挠曲强度为530MPa,硬度为8GPa,透光率50%的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷牙冠,充分满足了理论及实际应用需求。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,包括:S1、按照以下质量百分数的组分制备粉末:59%~70%SiO2、14%~20%Li2O、3%~5%K2O、1%~5%P2O5、1%~3%ZnO以及其他组分,所述其他组分包括Al2O3、ZrO2、Na2O、Tb4O7、La2O3、CeO2、MgO、Y2O3、CaO;S2、向所述粉末中加入无水乙醇,经过球磨混合均匀后干燥,然后热处理,得熔融态混合物;S3、将所述熔融态混合物滴入稳定流动态的去离子水中淬冷,在去离子水中形成初始颗粒,所述初始颗粒的D50≤1mm;S4、将所述初始颗粒球磨过筛,制成D50=0.3~0.5μm粒径的粉末,再通过喷雾干燥造粒获得5~25μm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒;S5、将光敏树脂预混液、分散剂、光引发剂混合,得到树脂混合物;S6、向所述树脂混合物中分多次加入步骤S4所得的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒,放入辊压机至少辊压一次后得到辊压混合物,向所述辊压混合物中加入纳米气相二氧化硅,得到膏体,将所述膏体放入真空机内真空脱泡;S7、将所述膏体放入增材制造设备内进行光固化成形,得到生坯;S8、使用流动的清洗溶液清洗所述生坯,然后干燥;S9、脱脂与烧结:将所述生坯在真空或者惰性气体中脱脂:温度先从室温升至200℃,升温速率1℃/min,然后依次从200℃升至400℃,升温速率0.5℃/min,从400℃升至500℃,升温速率1℃/min,在500℃保温2小时;然后通入空气,从500℃升温至600℃,升温速率2℃/min,保温1小时,降到室温,降温速率为2℃/min,获得脱脂样品;将所述脱脂样品放在浓度为21%~24%聚硅酸锂溶液中进行真空浸渍,完成预定浸渍时间后,进行烧结:在空气中加热到500℃,再抽真空,真空度控制在10mbar以下,继续升温至630℃,保温2小时,再升温至800~950℃,升温速率为2℃/min,保温1小时,再以2℃/min降温到室温,获得烧结样品;S10、离子交换:将所述烧结样品置于高压真空炉内在搅拌装置作用下处于流动状态的硝酸盐中,在真空条件下,加热至300-600℃,使烧结样品浸渍在熔融态硝酸盐中与其发生离子交换反应,反应时间为0.5-2小时,最终获得产品;所述硝酸盐为质量比为1:1的硝酸钠与硝酸铷的混合物。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述去离子水的温度为20~25℃,流速为0.5~2m/s。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述5~25μm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的粒径呈双峰分布,两个峰值分别为5μm和25μm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中,所述二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷颗粒的质量占膏体的70%~85%,所述纳米气相二氧化硅的质量占膏体的0.1%~0.5%,纳米气相二氧化硅的粒径为7纳米。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,所述光敏树脂预混液包括质量比为1:1:1~1:2:3的单官能团光敏树脂单体、双官能团光敏树脂单体和三官能团光敏树脂单体;所述单官能团光敏树脂单体包括甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、月桂酸甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;所述双官能团光敏树脂单体包括1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;所述三官能团光敏树脂单体包括丙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯或乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,所述光引发剂的质量占光敏树脂预混液质量的0.5%~2%;所述光引发剂包括二苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基氧化膦和1-羟基环已基苯基酮中的一种或两种;二苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基氧化膦和1-羟基环已基苯基酮的质量比为1:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂包括质量比为1:1的γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,步骤S7中,所述清洗溶液包括质量比为1:1:1的己二醇二丙烯酸酯、异丙醇和聚乙二醇200。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,热处理的温度为1400~1600℃。
- 一种根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的光固化增材制造高透二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的方法制备的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷,其特征在于,所述二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的挠曲强度480~530MPa,硬度6~8GPa,透光率40%-50%。
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