Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/023—Optical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
  • G09F21/00—Mobile visual advertising
  • G09F21/04—Mobile visual advertising by land vehicles

Definitions

• This disclosure relates to a decorative laminate, a transfer sheet, a decorative member, and a moving body.
• Patent Document 1 discloses a decorative laminate with an uneven pattern on its surface.
• Such decorative laminates are required to enable a variety of design expressions.
• decorative laminates are required to be able to express designs with a three-dimensional feel.
• decorative laminates are required to express a matte texture with a subdued sheen.
• a decorative laminate that has a three-dimensional feel and expresses a matte texture makes it possible to express a wide variety of designs with a sense of luxury.
• This disclosure has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a decorative laminate and decorative member that has a three-dimensional feel and a matte texture.
• An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the following [1] to [14].
• a decorative laminate having a front side and a back side opposite to the front side, the decorative laminate comprising a shape-imparting layer and a light-diffusing layer located closer to the front side than the shape-imparting layer;
• the shape-imparting layer has a shape-imparting surface on which a concave-convex structure is formed,
• the decorative laminate has at least one unit optical element that provides at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction of incident light in accordance with the relief structure,
• the shaping surface includes a plurality of inclined surfaces aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along a normal direction of the decorative laminate and inclined toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces connecting adjacent inclined surfaces, an angle of the inclined surface with respect to the normal direction is larger than an angle of the connecting surface connected to the inclined surface with respect to the normal direction;
• the light diffusion layer diffuses incident light,
• a decorative laminate in which the ratio G(85)/G(20), which is the ratio
• the plurality of inclined surfaces are lens surfaces
• the decorative laminate according to [1] wherein the multiple connection surfaces are rise surfaces.
• the shaping surface of the shaping layer faces the back surface side,
• a transfer sheet comprising a transfer substrate laminated on the front surface side of the decorative laminate.
• a molding portion A decorative member comprising: a decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [11], which covers at least a portion of the molded portion.
• a moving body comprising the decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [11].
• FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment, and is a perspective view showing a moving body including a decorative member.
• FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, showing the decorative member in FIG. 1 together with a sensor.
• FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged plan view showing the decorative laminate according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
• FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view showing the reflective layer of the decorative laminate.
• FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the function of the decorative laminate.
• FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a decorative laminate of a comparative example.
• FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a decorative laminate of a comparative example.
• FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a decorative laminate of a comparative example.
• FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a decorative laminate of a comparative example.
• FIG. 7C is a diagram showing a decorative laminate of a comparative example.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the total light reflectance.
• FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a transfer sheet according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a decorative member according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a
• FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a master mold for manufacturing a shaping mold according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 14B is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a master mold for manufacturing a shaping mold according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 14C is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a master mold for manufacturing a shaping mold according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a shaping mold according to one embodiment and a shaping layer shaped by the shaping mold.
• FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a decorative laminate according to the first modification.
• FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the first modified example.
• FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the second modified example.
• FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the second modified example.
• FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the third modified example.
• FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the third modified example.
• FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the third modified example.
• FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the third modified example.
• FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the fourth modified example.
• FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the fourth modified example.
• FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a decorative laminate according to the fifth modification.
• FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modification example as viewed from above.
• FIG. 30 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 31 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 32 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 33 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXXIV-XXXIV in FIG.
• FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of a cone.
• FIG. 36 is a diagram showing another example of a cone.
• FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXXVII-XXXVII in FIG.
• FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an example of a cone.
• FIG. 39 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a frustum.
• FIG. 41 corresponds to FIG. 34 and shows a decorative laminate according to the sixth modification.
• FIG. 42 shows an example of a truncated cone.
• FIG. 43 corresponds to FIG. 34 and shows a decorative laminate according to Modification 6.
• FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XLIV-XLIV in FIG.
• FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XLIV-XLIV in FIG.
• FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XLIV-XLIV in FIG.
• FIG. 45 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 46 corresponds to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in the sixth modified example.
• FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XLVII-XLVII in FIG.
• FIG. 48 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the seventh modification.
• FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a transfer sheet in the eighth modified example.
• FIG. 50 is a perspective view showing a decoration member in the ninth modification.
• the numerical range of the parameter may be constructed by combining any one of the upper limit candidates and any one of the lower limit candidates.
• Parameter B may be A1 or more, A2 or more, or A3 or more.
• Parameter B may be A4 or less, A5 or less, or A6 or less.”
• the numerical range of parameter B may be A1 or more and A4 or less, A1 or more and A5 or less, A1 or more and A6 or less, A2 or more and A4 or less, A2 or more and A5 or less, A2 or more and A6 or less, A3 or more and A4 or less, A3 or more and A5 or less, or A3 or more and A6 or less.
• “suppress” means to hold back the realization or occurrence of something, or to prevent the realization or occurrence of something. “Suppress” does not only mean to completely prevent the realization or occurrence of something, but also to reduce the possibility of the realization or occurrence of something, or to make the realization or occurrence of something less likely to occur.
• FIGS. 1 to 17 are diagrams for explaining one embodiment.
• FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams showing an application example of a decorative member 3 having a decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 is formed in a sheet shape and is also called a decorative sheet.
• the decorative laminate 10 displays a design and imparts design to an article to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied (the decorative member 3 in the example shown in FIG. 1).
• the decorative member 3 is used in a moving body 1.
• the decorative member 3 is installed on the front panel 2 of the moving body 1.
• the decorative member 3 includes a decorative laminate 10. Therefore, the moving body 1 equipped with the decorative member 3 includes the decorative laminate 10.
• the front panel 2 is formed as a front grill in an engine vehicle.
• a heat exchanger that should be air-cooled, such as a radiator may not be installed. Therefore, the front panel 2 does not have to be formed as a grill with a large number of holes formed therein.
• the moving body 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an automobile.
• the moving body 1 to which the decorative member 3 is applied is not limited to an automobile.
• the decorative member 3 can also be applied to other moving bodies 1 as movable devices. Examples of moving bodies 1 other than automobiles include railroad cars, dollies, ships, airplanes, helicopters, drones, and robots.
• the decorative member 3 and the decorative laminate 10 may be used in the interior body of a moving body.
• the decorative member 3 and the decorative laminate 10 can also be applied to building materials such as interior materials, exterior materials, ceiling materials, and floor materials, as well as home appliance cases, communication device housings, cosmetic containers, and the like. More specifically, the decorative member 3 and the decorative laminate 10 can also be applied to smartphone housings and smartphone covers.
• the decorative member 3 has a front side surface 3a and a back side surface 3b facing the front side surface 3a.
• the front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b extend along a front side surface 66 and a back side surface 67 of a molded portion 65, which will be described later, respectively.
• the front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b extend in a planar shape in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy perpendicular to the X direction Dx, respectively.
• the front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b face each other in the Z direction Dz perpendicular to both the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy.
• the Z direction Dz coincides with the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• this is not limited to this example, and the front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b may be curved.
• the decorative member 3 includes a molded portion 65 and a decorative laminate 10 that covers at least a portion of the molded portion 65.
• the molded portion 65 and the decorative laminate 10 are laminated in this order in a direction from the back surface 3b toward the front surface 3a of the decorative member 3 (Z direction Dz).
• the decorative member 3 is disposed facing the sensor 5.
• the molded portion 65 faces the sensor 5
• the decorative laminate 10 faces the observer 6.
• the decorative laminate 10 has a front side 11 and a back side 12.
• the front side 11 forms the front side 3a of the decorative member 3.
• the back side 12 faces the back side 3b (the molded portion 65 side) of the decorative member 3.
• the front side 11 and the back side 12 extend along the front side 66 of the molded portion 65 described below.
• the front side 11 and the back side 12 extend in a planar shape in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy, respectively.
• the front side 11 and the back side 12 face each other in the Z direction Dz.
• this is not limited to this example, and the front side 11 and the back side 12 may be curved.
• the molded portion 65 has a front side 66 and a back side 67.
• the back side 67 forms the back side 3b of the decorative member 3.
• the front side 66 faces the front side 3a of the decorative member 3 (the decorative laminate 10 side).
• the front side 66 and the back side 67 extend in a planar shape in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy, respectively.
• the front side 66 and the back side 67 face each other in the Z direction Dz.
• this is not limited to this example, and the front side 66 and the back side 67 may be curved.
• the molded portion 65 may be formed from various materials such as resin materials and glass. There are no particular limitations on the resin material that forms the molded portion 65. Examples of resin materials that form the molded portion 65 include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile ethylene-propylene-diene styrene (AES), and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA).
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• PP polypropylene
• PC polycarbonate
• ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• AES acrylonitrile ethylene-propylene-diene styrene
• ASA acrylonitrile styrene acrylate
• the molded portion 65 may be colored. In this case, the desired color can be imparted to the decorative member 3.
• the molded portion 65 may be transparent or opaque. When the molded portion 65 is opaque, it can conceal at least a portion of the article to which the decorative member 3 is applied. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the molded portion 65 is opaque, so that the decorative member 3 can conceal the sensor 5.
• the colored molded portion 65 can be made of the same material as the colored layer 36 described below.
• transparent means that the total light transmittance is 50% or more when measured using a haze meter ("HM-150N” manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, Inc., compliant with JIS K7361:1997). Materials and components referred to as being transparent in this specification preferably have a total light transmittance of 80% or more when measured using the method described above.
• the decorative member 3 may be disposed facing a sensor 5 that uses electromagnetic waves with a longer wavelength than visible light.
• the sensor 5 may monitor the surroundings of the moving body 1.
• the detection result of the sensor 5 may be transmitted to a control device 4 of the moving body 1.
• the control device 4 may issue an alarm or control the movement of the moving body 1 based on the detection result of the sensor 5.
• the sensor 5 may detect an obstacle or the like in front of the moving body 1.
• This sensor 5 may be capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves.
• the sensor 5 can detect the presence or absence of an obstacle and the distance to the obstacle by receiving the reflected wave reflected by the obstacle or the like.
• the sensor 5 may be a millimeter wave radar device.
• the millimeter wave radar device may use millimeter waves with a wavelength of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less as electromagnetic waves.
• the sensor 5 may be a lidar device.
• the lidar device may use infrared rays as electromagnetic waves.
• the sensor 5 faces the back side 3b of the decorative member 3.
• the electromagnetic waves used by the sensor 5 pass through the decorative member 3 along the Z direction Dz.
• the front side 3a and the back side 3b are the emission and incidence surfaces of the electromagnetic waves. It is preferable that the front side 3a and the back side 3b are flat surfaces at least in the area facing the sensor 5 in the Z direction Dz. By making the front side 3a and the back side 3b flat surfaces, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the sensitivity of the sensor 5 due to the diffusion of the electromagnetic waves.
• FIG. 3 is a plan view of the decorative laminate 10.
• FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a shaping layer 20 and a light diffusion layer 90.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is omitted from the illustration.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front side surface 11 than the reflective interface 27 described later.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front side surface 11 than the shaping layer 20.
• the light diffusion layer 90 and the shaping layer 20 overlap in the normal direction Dn.
• the shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which a concave-convex structure 25 is formed.
• the shaping layer 20 has a non-shaping surface 20b located on the opposite side to the shaping surface 20a.
• the non-shaping surface 20b is a flat surface perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the shaping surface 20a faces the back side 12.
• the non-shaping surface 20b faces the front side 11.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a brightness adjustment layer 30 arranged on the shaping surface 20a side of the shaping layer 20.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a filling layer 40.
• the filling layer 40 is located closer to the front side 11 than the shaping layer 20.
• the filling layer 40 and the shaping layer 20 overlap in the normal direction Dn.
• the filling layer 40 is located closer to the front side 11 than the luminance adjustment layer 30.
• the filling layer 40, the luminance adjustment layer 30, and the shaping layer 20 are stacked in this order in the direction from the back side 12 to the front side 11 along the Z direction Dz.
• the filling layer 40 fills in unevenness (described later) formed in the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the filling layer 40 forms the back side surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13.
• Each unit optical element 13 provides at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction of light incident on the front surface 11 in accordance with the uneven structure 25 of the shaping surface 20a. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, the design of the decorative laminate 10 is improved.
• the decorative laminate 10 has multiple unit optical elements 13. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to be given a complex design by combining multiple unit optical elements 13.
• the shape-imparting layer 20 plays a role in enabling rich design expression by expressing a three-dimensional effect that is greater than or equal to the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20.
• the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit shaping element 23.
• the shaping layer 20 has a plurality of unit shaping elements 23.
• a plurality of unit optical elements 13 can be formed in the decorative laminate 10.
• One unit shaping element 23 corresponds to one unit optical element 13.
• each unit shaping element 23 has an uneven structure 25 formed therein.
• the uneven structure 25 can be formed by shaping the shaping layer 20 using a shaping mold 100 described below.
• the uneven structure 25 formed on the shaping surface 20a provides the light incident on the unit optical element 13 with an optical effect according to the uneven structure 25.
• the unit optical element 13 provides at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction of the incident light according to the uneven structure 25.
• the shape of the uneven structure 25 is determined so as to focus and/or diverge the parallel light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the entire or part of each unit optical element 13 may be configured to focus the light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• a lens configured to focus the light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is referred to as a "convex lens".
• a convex lens is a lens configured to provide an optical effect similar to that of a convex mirror.
• a lens configured to diverge the light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is referred to as a "concave lens".
• a concave lens is a lens configured to provide the same optical effect as a concave mirror.
• the entire unit optical element 13 when the decorative laminate 10 is observed from the front surface 11 side, the entire unit optical element 13 functions as a convex lens.
• a part of the unit optical element 13 may function as a convex lens.
• the entire or a part of the unit optical element 13 may function as a concave lens.
• the decorative laminate 10 can express a design with more depth than the actual thickness of the decorative laminate 10. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a three-dimensional effect. Therefore, the decorative laminate 10 can realize a rich design expression with a sense of luxury.
• each unit shaping element 23 (and therefore the dimensions of each unit optical element 13) in a planar view of the decorative laminate 10 are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately according to the design expressed by the decorative laminate 10. However, from the viewpoint of making the visual effect of the unit optical elements 13 effective, it is preferable that each unit shaping element 23 has a size that can be distinguished by the naked eye. Specifically, the shortest length of the unit shaping element 23 may be 1.0 mm or more, 10 mm or more, or 20 mm or more. In addition, the longest length of the unit shaping element 23 may be 200 mm or less, or 100 mm or less. The dimensions of each unit shaping element 23 in a planar view of the decorative laminate 10 may be 1.0 mm or more and 200 mm or less.
• the shaping surface 20a includes multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B.
• each unit shaping element 23 corresponding to each unit optical element 13 has multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B.
• multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B are formed in each unit optical element 13.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 and are inclined toward the reference line.
• the multiple connecting surfaces 26B connect adjacent inclined surfaces 26A.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and are inclined toward the first reference line L1.
• the unit optical element 13 including the multiple inclined surfaces 26A aligned in a direction toward the reference line and inclined toward the reference line includes unit optical elements 13 including, on any of the above cross sections, multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 and inclined toward the first reference line L1, and multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 aligned in a direction toward the second reference line L2 and inclined toward the second reference line L2.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B provide the light incident on the unit optical element 13 with an optical effect that corresponds to the shapes of the multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are lens surfaces.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction.
• the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces.
• the multiple connecting surfaces 26B correspond to rise surfaces connecting adjacent lens surfaces.
• the decorative member 3 when the decorative member 3 is used in the front grille of a vehicle, the decorative member 3 may be required to be thin from the viewpoint of weight reduction.
• the decorative laminate 10 when the decorative member 3 is arranged facing the sensor 5, the decorative laminate 10 is required to transmit the electromagnetic waves emitted from the sensor 5 through the decorative member 3 with high transmittance. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate 10.
• the unit optical elements 13 function as lenses because the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are lens surfaces and the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 in the area where the unit optical elements 13 are located.
• the shaping surface 20a forms a reflective interface 27 that reflects light.
• a reflective interface 27 having a shape corresponding to the shape of the uneven structure 25 of the shaping surface 20a is formed between the shaping surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30 that covers the shaping surface 20a.
• the reflective interface 27 is formed at the position of the shaping surface 20a.
• the reflective interface 27 may be formed at a position away from the shaping surface 20a in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 of the inclined surface 26A.
• the position of the shaping surface 20a formed by shaping and the position of the reflective interface 27 that has a shape corresponding to the shape of the shaping surface 20a and reflects light may be different.
• the angle of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 is greater than the angle of the connection surface 26B connected to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the angle ⁇ C of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn which will be described below, is greater than the angle ⁇ B of the connection surface 26B connected to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the maximum value of the inclination angle ⁇ A of the tangent plane that touches the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 is the angle ⁇ C.
• the maximum value of the inclination angle of the tangent plane that touches the connection surface 26B adjacent to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 is the angle ⁇ B.
• the angle ⁇ B is also referred to as the rise angle ⁇ B. If the inclined surface 26A has a portion perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, and the connecting surface 26B does not have a portion perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, the angle ⁇ C is considered to be greater than the angle ⁇ B.
• the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 has a Fresnel lens structure.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing the lens surface of a curved lens such as a spherical lens or a cylindrical lens into multiple parts along a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction (optical axis direction) of the curved lens.
• the multiple connecting surfaces 26B correspond to rise surfaces that connect the multiple lens surfaces.
• the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 is a linear Fresnel lens or has a structure that combines linear Fresnel lenses.
• the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 shown in FIG. 4 has a structure that combines linear Fresnel lenses. For this reason, when the decorative laminate 10 is observed from the front surface 11 side, the entire unit optical element 13 functions as a convex lens.
• Each unit optical element 13 in this embodiment has an optical axis Ax.
• the unit optical element 13 includes a first region 234.
• each of the multiple unit optical elements 13 includes a first region 234.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A include at least one first inclined surface 26A1 arranged in the first region 234.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A include multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1.
• the multiple connecting surfaces 26B include at least one first connecting surface 26B1 that connects adjacent first inclined surfaces 26A1.
• the multiple connecting surfaces 26B include multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are flat surfaces.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a surface perpendicular to its thickness direction.
• the first connecting surfaces 26B1 correspond to the rise surfaces that connect the first inclined surfaces 26A1 corresponding to the lens surfaces.
• each of the first inclined surfaces 26A1 is configured to have a function corresponding to each of the curved surfaces formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface.
• each of the first inclined surfaces 26A1 can be configured to have a function corresponding to each of the curved surfaces formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface.
• each of the first inclined surfaces 26A1 may be a curved surface having a shape formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. Such a plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 can make the unit optical element 13 function as a convex lens while keeping the thickness of the mold layer 20 small.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 and are inclined toward the reference line.
• Multiple inclined surfaces aligned in succession close to the reference line are referred to as reference-line-proximate inclined surfaces.
• the reference line first reference line L1
• multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in succession close to the reference line.
• the first inclined surface 26A1 corresponds to a reference-line-proximate inclined surface.
• FIG. 4 corresponds to a cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are arranged.
• the first inclined surface 26A1 corresponds to the reference line-proximate inclined surface.
• the standard deviation of the pitch P of the first inclined surface 26A1 on one side of the reference line (the right or left side of the first reference line L1 in FIG.
• a decorative laminate 10 having such unit optical elements 13 can realize a design expression with a three-dimensional effect that has not been seen before.
• the standard deviation of the pitch of the reference-line-close inclined surfaces on one side of the reference line is the standard deviation of the pitch of the 10 inclined surfaces closest to the reference line on one side of the reference line in a cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the multiple inclined surfaces are lined up.
• the standard deviation of the height of the reference-line-close inclined surfaces on one side of the reference line is the standard deviation of the height of the 10 inclined surfaces closest to the reference line on one side of the reference line in a cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the multiple inclined surfaces are lined up.
• the uneven structure 25 has an inclined surface 26A that extends along at least a part of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.
• the first inclined surface 26A1 extends along the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13. This makes it possible to effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13.
• a gap region 24 is formed between adjacent unit optical elements 13. This also makes it possible to effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13.
• the multiple unit optical elements 13 have outer contours 23a that are regular hexagonal in plan view.
• the multiple unit optical elements 13 form a honeycomb structure.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 that extends along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are inclined toward the first reference line L1.
• the position of the first reference line L1 when the decorative laminate 10 is viewed in a plan view is fixed to one point.
• the first reference line L1 which is the reference for the direction in which the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 in each unit optical element 13 are inclined, coincides with the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13.
• the first region 234 extends across the entirety of one of the unit optical elements 13.
• the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4 has the first region 234 and does not have the second region 235 described below.
• the uneven structure 25 in each unit optical element 13 has a Fresnel lens structure.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 and multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1 formed in the first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4 form a Fresnel lens structure.
• the geometric centers GC of the multiple unit optical elements 13 in a planar view may also be regularly arranged.
• the geometric center GC of the unit optical element 13 is the geometric center of the shape of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 observed from the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the distance between the geometric centers GC of adjacent unit optical elements 13 is substantially uniform.
• the geometric center GC of each unit optical element 13 coincides with the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13.
• each unit optical element 13 in this embodiment has an optical axis Ax.
• the optical axes Ax of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may be arranged regularly. In this case, the distance between the optical axes Ax of adjacent unit optical elements 13 is substantially uniform.
• the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 passes through the geometric center GC of each unit optical element 13 in a planar view.
• the position of the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13 is not limited to this.
• the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 does not have to pass through the geometric center GC of the unit optical element 13 in a planar view.
• the decorative laminate 10 has a gap region 24 formed between a plurality of unit optical elements 13.
• the gap region 24 is formed between adjacent unit optical elements 13. More specifically, one side 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 labeled with reference numeral 131 and one side 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 labeled with reference numeral 132 are adjacent to each other with the gap region 24 sandwiched between them.
• the gap region 24 is formed between the sides 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 labeled with reference numeral 131 and the unit optical element 13 labeled with reference numeral 132.
• each inclined surface 26A is similar to the shape of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.
• Each inclined surface 26A extends parallel to the outer contour 23a around the entire circumference of the outer contour 23a. This makes it possible to more effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.
• each inclined surface 26A in each unit optical element 13 includes a portion that extends linearly parallel to one of the sides 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 between the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13 and the side 23b. This makes it possible to effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.
• Each unit optical element 13 can be designed appropriately according to the function required of the decorative laminate 10 or the design expressed by the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 is required to transmit the electromagnetic waves emitted from the sensor 5 through the decorative member 3 with high transmittance. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate 10.
• the design expressed by the decorative laminate 10 may differ depending on the application of the decorative laminate 10. For example, when the decorative laminate 10 is used as an exterior material for the mobile body 1, it is preferable to suppress the occurrence of rainbow light on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. On the other hand, it may be preferable to design the decorative laminate 10 so that rainbow light is generated on its front surface 11.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
• the "height H25 of the uneven structure” means the maximum value of the height (dimension in the Z direction Dz) H26 (see FIG. 4) of the inclined surface 26A or the connecting surface 26B that forms the uneven structure.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is greater than 1.0 ⁇ m.
• the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 (also referred to as the pitch P of the inclined surface 26A) is preferably 7.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 12 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of realizing a reduction in the size of the unit optical element 13, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 7.5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
• the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably less than 7.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more.
• the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more.
• the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 may be equal to or different from each other.
• the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 varies depending on the distance from the optical axis Ax of the uneven structure 25. Specifically, the pitch P becomes smaller as it moves away from the optical axis Ax.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25, the height H26 of the inclined surface 26A, and the pitch P can be measured by observing an image of the cross section of the decorative laminate 10 using a scanning electron microscope.
• the uneven structure 25 of this embodiment is a Fresnel lens structure.
• the uneven structure 25 of this embodiment has a focal point.
• the focal length of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 350 mm or less.
• the focal length of the uneven structure 25 is more preferably 2 mm or more and 250 mm or less, and even more preferably 5 mm or more and 150 mm or less. This makes it possible to effectively express a three-dimensional effect that is greater than or equal to the thickness of the molding layer 20 in the area where the unit optical elements 13 of the molding layer 20 are provided. This makes it possible to realize a rich design expression with a luxurious feel.
• the focal length of the uneven structure 25 in at least one of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may be different from the focal length of the uneven structure 25 in the other unit optical elements 13. This allows the viewer to perceive the position of each unit optical element 13 in the Z direction Dz as different from one another. This makes it possible to realize a design expression with a three-dimensional effect that has not been seen before.
• the rise angle ⁇ B (see FIG. 4) of the uneven structure 25 can be set appropriately.
• the connection surface 26B may extend in the Z direction Dz parallel to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10, or may extend non-parallel to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the rise angle ⁇ B may be 0° or greater than 0°.
• the rise angle ⁇ B is preferably 15° or more, and more preferably 25° or more.
• the rise angle ⁇ B is preferably 55° or less, and more preferably 45° or less.
• a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and urethane acrylate is used as the material constituting the mold layer 20.
• the material constituting the mold layer 20 contains silicone.
• Such a mold layer 20 can be formed by applying a liquid precursor material onto a substrate 72 or the like described below, shaping it with a mold, and curing it by irradiating it with ultraviolet light.
• the precursor material of the mold layer 20 may be, for example, an ultraviolet-curable resin containing an acrylic resin and a (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer.
• the acrylic resin in this case may have a polymerizable unsaturated group.
• the term (meth)acrylic means one or both of "acrylic” and "methacrylic".
• the mass ratio of the acrylic resin/(meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer is preferably 35/65 or more and 95/5 or less, and more preferably 70/30 or more and 90/10 or less.
• the acrylic resin/(meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer may have a polymerizable unsaturated group in the ultraviolet curable resin.
• the shape-imparting layer 20 formed in this manner is flexible and extensible. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is curved or stretched along the surface of the molding portion 65, the shape-imparting layer 20 can be curved or stretched as desired. In other words, there is little risk that the shape-imparting layer 20 will hinder the curving or stretching of the decorative laminate 10.
• the molding layer 20 is transparent so that the brightness adjustment layer 30 can be seen from the front surface 11.
• the uneven structures 25 of the multiple unit optical elements 13 are molded integrally without seams (see FIG. 4).
• the uneven structures 25 of the multiple unit optical elements 13 and the gap regions 24 located between the uneven structures 25 are molded integrally without seams.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a layer that adjusts the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10. By adjusting the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10, it is possible to more effectively impart a rich design with a luxurious feel to the decorative laminate 10.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is provided to adjust the reflectance of visible light measured on the front surface 11 side of the decorative laminate 10.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is disposed on the shaping surface 20a side of the molding layer 20. This adjusts the reflectance of visible light at the reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30, and adjusts the reflectance of visible light measured on the front surface 11 side of the decorative laminate 10.
• the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 facing the molding layer 20 has unevenness corresponding to the shaping surface 20a. In other words, the brightness adjustment layer 30 has an uneven structure corresponding to the uneven structure 25 of the molding layer 20.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33.
• the reflective layer 33 covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 to form a reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33.
• the reflective layer 33 improves the reflectance of visible light at the reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33, thereby adjusting the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10.
• This reflective layer 33 can be formed by vapor deposition of a metal material or an inorganic material, or by coating of a metal material or an inorganic material.
• the reflective layer 33 may be a transparent vapor deposition layer.
• the reflective layer 33 is formed as a thin film-like layer.
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be thinner than the height H26 of the connection surface 26B (height of the inclined surface 26A).
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be half or less of the height H25 of the uneven structure 25, 25% or less of the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the inclined surface 26A), or 10% or less of the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the inclined surface 26A).
• the reflective layer 33 of such a thickness does not fill the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a, but has unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a.
• the reflective layer 33 may fill the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a.
• the decorative laminate 10 has a reflective layer 33 and the shaping layer 20 is transparent, the reflective interface 27 formed between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33 is visible from the front side surface 11.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 (reflective layer 33) has unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a.
• the unevenness of the brightness adjustment layer 30 is filled with the bonding layer 35.
• the bonding layer 35 bonds (adheses, sticks, or heat seals) other layers of the decorative laminate 10 to the molded portion 65.
• the reflective layer 33 may be formed to fill the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a, similar to the example of the colored layer 36 shown in FIG. 5.
• the surface of the reflective layer 33 facing the bonding layer 35 has unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the Fresnel lens surface 26. Therefore, the bonding layer 35 has unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the Fresnel lens surface 26.
• the material of the reflective layer 33 it is preferable to use a material that improves the reflectance of the reflective interface 27 formed by the reflective layer 33, and it is more preferable to use a material that has radio wave transparency.
• the material constituting the reflective layer 33 may be, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, indium, or tin, or zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zinc sulfide, or aluminum oxide.
• the material constituting the reflective layer 33 is a metal material such as indium or tin, or zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zinc sulfide, or aluminum oxide.
• the reflective layer 33 may include a plurality of metal grain portions 31.
• the metal grain portions 31 have a metallic luster and are capable of reflecting visible light.
• the reflective layer 33 forms islands in a so-called sea-island structure.
• the island-shaped metal grain portions 31 are spaced apart from each other. Between the plurality of metal grain portions 31, there are gaps that form the sea of the sea-island structure.
• the electromagnetic waves used in the sensor 5, for example, millimeter waves pass through the reflective layer 33 by passing through these gaps.
• Such a metal layer can be formed by deposition such as sputtering or vacuum deposition using, for example, an indium material.
• the reflective layer 33 may be formed seamlessly and integrally across a plurality of unit optical elements 13.
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 is preferably a thickness that can improve the reflectance of the reflective interface 27 formed by the reflective layer 33.
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be, for example, 0.005 ⁇ m or more.
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 20 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
• the thicknesses of the reflective layer 33 and the other layers included in the decorative laminate 10 can also be measured by observing an image of a cross section of the decorative laminate 10 using a scanning electron microscope.
• the decorative laminate 10 having the reflective layer 33 can be manufactured by a manufacturing method for the decorative laminate 10 that includes a step of forming the reflective layer 33 on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20.
• the reflective layer 33 is formed on the shaping surface 20a by a film formation technique such as sputtering or vacuum deposition.
• the filling layer 40 is a planarizing layer that fills in the unevenness of the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 facing the filling layer 40 has unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a.
• the filling layer 40 forms the back side surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the filling layer 40 can be a transparent or opaque resin layer.
• the filling layer 40 may also function as the bonding layer 35 described above. That is, in the decorative member 3, the unevenness of the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be filled with the bonding layer 35.
• the material for forming the bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40) may be a thermoplastic resin or a (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer.
• the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, a chlorinated polypropylene, a chlorinated rubber, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a styrene resin, or the like. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
• the filling layer 40 may be a transparent or opaque resin layer. If the filling layer 40 is opaque, it can conceal at least a portion of the article or molded part 65 to which the decorative member 3 is applied. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the filling layer 40 is opaque, so that the decorative member 3 can conceal the sensor 5.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is a layer that diffuses incident light.
• the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses light incident on itself.
• the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 may diffuse light reflected at the reflection interface 27.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflection interface 27. That is, the distance between the light diffusion layer 90 and the front surface 11 is smaller than the distance between the reflection interface 27 and the front surface 11.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shape-imparting layer 20. That is, the distance between the light diffusion layer 90 and the front surface 11 is smaller than the distance between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the front surface 11. As shown in FIG.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflection interface 27.
• light that enters the interior of the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 side is reflected at the reflection interface 27 and travels from the front surface 11 to the outside of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 may diffuse the light that is reflected at the reflection interface 27 and travels from the front surface 11 to the outside of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light, thereby reducing the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. Therefore, the light diffusion layer 90 can reduce the gloss that occurs on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.
• the light diffusion layer 90 also serves as a hard coat layer 91 that protects the molding layer 20.
• the hard coat layer 91 has scratch resistance and the like.
• the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) is provided so as to cover the non-shape-imparting surface 20b of the molding layer 20.
• the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) can be formed from a resin composition such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a UV-curable resin, or an EB-curable resin.
• the light diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light.
• the uneven surface 92 is the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• light incident on the light diffusion layer 90 is diffused by being diffusely reflected by the uneven surface 92.
• light incident from the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is diffused by the uneven surface 92.
• Light reflected at the reflective interface 27 may be diffused by passing through the uneven surface 92.
• the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape corresponding to the unit shaping element 23 described above.
• the uneven surface 92 does not have a linear Fresnel lens or a structure that combines linear Fresnel lenses.
• the uneven surface 92 does not have a circular Fresnel lens.
• the uneven surface 92 does not have a Fresnel lens structure.
• the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape in which multiple lens surfaces are inclined toward a reference line that extends along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape corresponding to the unit shaping element 23 having the above-mentioned multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B.
• the unevenness formed on the uneven surface 92 may have an irregular shape.
• the light diffusion layer 90 having the uneven surface 92 on which irregular unevenness is formed can be produced, for example, by the following method. First, an uneven layer containing a resin and particles diffused in the resin is prepared, and the unevenness is formed on the surface of the uneven layer by some of the particles protruding from the resin. Next, the light diffusion layer 90 is formed on the uneven layer. This allows the light diffusion layer 90 to be produced having an uneven surface 92 on which irregular unevenness corresponding to the unevenness on the surface of the uneven layer is formed on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that contacts the uneven layer. In this case, after producing the light diffusion layer 90 having the uneven surface 92, the uneven layer may be peeled off from the light diffusion layer 90. As an example, the uneven layer is the release layer 73 described later. A more specific example of a method for producing the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4 will be described later.
• the unevenness formed on the uneven surface 92 may be regular unevenness.
• the pitch of the regular unevenness formed on the uneven surface 92 may be smaller than the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in the unit optical element 13.
• the pitch of the uneven surface 92 is smaller than 10 ⁇ m.
• the pitch of the uneven surface 92 may be 8 ⁇ m or less, 5 ⁇ m or less, or 3 ⁇ m or less.
• the regular unevenness formed on the uneven surface 92 has multiple protrusions.
• the multiple protrusions protrude in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the multiple protrusions may have an inclined surface inclined with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the multiple protrusions may have the shape of a cone, a truncated cone, a pyramid, or a truncated pyramid.
• the uneven surface 92 may provide a tactile sensation to a person touching the decorative laminate 10.
• the uneven surface 92 provides a person touching the decorative laminate 10 with a low friction and "smooth" tactile sensation.
• a “smooth” tactile sensation is a sensual expression, “smooth” in this specification encompasses all tactile sensations that are generally felt as “smooth.” Specifically, it means the tactile sensation felt when touching a dry, smooth surface with the pad of a finger.
• the light diffusion layer 90 includes a resin.
• the light diffusion layer 90 may be made of a resin.
• a thermoplastic resin may be used as the resin contained in the light diffusion layer 90.
• a curable resin may be used as the resin contained in the light diffusion layer 90.
• a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet ray (UV) curable resin may be used as the resin contained in the light diffusion layer 90.
• the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 having the above configuration may be 0.005 mm or more, 0.025 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, or 0.15 mm or more.
• the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 2 mm or less, 1.0 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.75 mm or less, or 0.5 mm or less. Therefore, the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 0.005 mm or more and 2 mm or less.
• the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 0.025 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less, 0.1 mm or more and 0.75 mm or less, or 0.15 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.
• the decorative laminate 10 displays a design and imparts the design to an article to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied. If the decorative laminate 10 can express a three-dimensional effect, a rich design expression with a sense of luxury is possible. The three-dimensional effect of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed by forming a physical uneven structure. On the other hand, depending on the application of the decorative laminate 10, the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may not be sufficiently thick. On the other hand, many decorative members, such as decorative members used in the front grille of a vehicle, may be required to be thin from the viewpoint of weight reduction.
• the thickness of a decorative member that is intended to transmit electromagnetic waves such as millimeter waves is set according to the wavelength of the millimeter waves and is subject to restrictions. In addition, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate from the viewpoint of improving the transmittance of electromagnetic waves.
• the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13.
• FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the optical action of the unit optical element 13.
• the unit optical element 13 is configured to function as a convex mirror.
• the range A1 reflected on the convex mirror M1 is wider than the mirror reflecting surface arranged at the same position as the convex mirror M1.
• the range A1 reflected on the convex mirror M1 is the same as the range A1 reflected on the mirror reflecting surface M3 arranged farther away from the observer in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the unit optical element 13 can display a design with a sense of depth that is deeper than the actual thickness of the mold layer 20.
• the unit optical element 13 can display a design with a sense of depth greater than the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20. Therefore, while making the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20 thin, it is possible to express a sense of three-dimensionality greater than the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20. This allows for a rich design expression with a sense of luxury.
• the preferred numerical range of the specular gloss of the decorative laminate 10 will be further described.
• the specular gloss at an incident angle of 85° on the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is described as G(85).
• the specular gloss at an incident angle of 20° on the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is described as G(20).
• the specular gloss at an incident angle of 60° on the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is described as G(60).
• the ratio G(85)/G(20) which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) to the specular gloss G(20), is 2 or more and 30 or less.
• Specular gloss G(85) is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the angle of incidence is set to 85°.
• Specular gloss G(20) is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the angle of incidence is set to 20°.
• Specular gloss G(60) is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the angle of incidence is set to 60°.
• the measurement environment for measuring specular gloss is a temperature of 23°C ⁇ 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ⁇ 5%. The sample to be measured is placed in the measurement environment for 16 hours before starting the measurement. Before measuring the specular gloss, turn on the light source of the measuring device for 15 minutes to stabilize the light source output.
• black tape is attached to the back side of the sample being measured, opposite the incident surface, before carrying out the measurement.
• the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure includes a unit optical element 13.
• the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 forms a reflective interface 27 at which light is reflected.
• the unit optical element 13 provides at least one optical action selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction of the incident light.
• a unit optical element 13 allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a design with a sense of depth and a three-dimensional effect.
• the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure includes a light diffusion layer 90 located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaping layer 20, as shown in FIG. 4.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27.
• the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light. This reduces the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, and the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.
• the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 expresses a three-dimensional effect, and the light diffusion layer 90 located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27 can reduce the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. That is, according to the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure, it is possible to simultaneously express a matte texture on the front surface 11 and express a three-dimensional effect at a position deeper than the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4, except for the points described below.
• the reflective interface 27 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A is a flat surface. Therefore, the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A does not have a unit optical element 13.
• the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A does not have a surface with unevenness. Therefore, the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A does not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.
• the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7B has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4, except for the points described below.
• the reflective interface 27 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7B is a flat surface. Therefore, the decorative laminate shown in FIG.
• the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7C has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4, except for the points described below.
• the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7C does not have a surface with unevenness. For this reason, the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7C does not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.
• the intensity of the light passing through the front surface 11 and heading toward the reflective interface 27 is greater when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.
• the intensity of the light specularly reflected at the front surface 11 is smaller when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.
• the intensity of the specularly reflected light is smaller in FIG. 7B than in FIG. 7A by the amount to which the light incident on the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 is subjected to at least one optical action selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction. This reduces the specular gloss in FIG. 7B than in FIG. 7A.
• the intensity of the light passing through the front surface 11 and heading toward the reflective interface 27 is greater when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.
• the effect of reducing the specular gloss by the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 is greater than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. That is, when comparing the difference in specular gloss between a decorative laminate having a unit optical element 13 as shown in FIG. 7B and a decorative laminate having no unit optical element 13 as shown in FIG. 7A, the difference in specular gloss G(20) between FIG. 7B and FIG. 7A is greater than the difference in specular gloss G(85) between FIG. 7B and FIG. 7A. Therefore, the ratio G(85)/G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate having a unit optical element 13 as shown in FIG.
• the ratio G(85)/G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate having a unit optical element 13 with a strong effect than in a decorative laminate having a unit optical element 13 with a weak effect.
• the intensity of light reflected on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 without passing through the light diffusion layer 90 is smaller than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.
• the light passing through the front side surface 11 and the light diffusion layer 90 toward the reflection interface 27 passes through the light diffusion layer 90 twice: when passing through the front side surface 11 toward the reflection interface 27, and when being reflected at the reflection interface 27 toward the front side surface 11.
• the light is subjected to the diffusion action by the light diffusion layer 90 twice. Therefore, when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the effect of reducing the specular gloss by the light diffusion layer 90 is greater than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.
• the ratio G(85)/G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate having a light diffusion layer 90 as shown in FIG. 7C than in a decorative laminate not having a light diffusion layer 90 as shown in FIG. 7A.
• the ratio G(85)/G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate having a light diffusion layer 90 with a strong effect than in a decorative laminate having a light diffusion layer 90 with a weak effect.
• the ratio G(85)/G(20) is small in all cases where the decorative laminate does not include unit optical elements 13, where the function of the unit optical elements 13 included in the decorative laminate is weak, where the decorative laminate does not include a light diffusion layer 90, and where the function of the light diffusion layer 90 included in the decorative laminate is weak.
• the function of both the unit optical elements 13 and the function of the light diffusion layer 90 are strong to a certain degree or more.
• the inventors conducted further research in light of the above findings and discovered that if the ratio G(85)/G(20) is 2 or greater, the effects of both the unit optical elements 13 and the light diffusion layer 90 can be strengthened. From the above, by making the ratio G(85)/G(20) 2 or greater, it is possible to strengthen the effects of the unit optical elements 13 and the light diffusion layer 90, thereby achieving both a matte texture and a three-dimensional effect.
• the reflective layer 33 which is an aluminum vapor deposition film
• the effect of reflecting light at the reflective interface 27 can be particularly large, but it is also expected that it will be difficult to express a matte texture. If the ratio G(85)/G(20) is 2 or more, it is possible to achieve both a matte texture and a three-dimensional effect, even when the reflective layer 33, which is an aluminum vapor deposition film, is used as the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the effect of the ratio G(85)/G(20) being 30 or less will be described. If the ratio G(85)/G(20) is greater than 30, it is assumed that G(20) is particularly small because the reflective interface 27 has a weak effect of reflecting light toward the front surface 11. As an example, it is assumed that G(20) is particularly small because the material forming the reflective interface 27 has a weak effect of reflecting light. By specifying that the ratio G(85)/G(20) is 30 or less, the above-mentioned case in which G(20) is particularly small because the reflective interface 27 has a weak effect of reflecting light is excluded. Therefore, the strength of the reflective interface 27's effect of reflecting light can be sufficiently ensured. This makes it possible to stably produce the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13, which is to express a design with a sense of depth and a three-dimensional feel.
• the ratio G(85)/G(20) may be greater than 3 and less than 30.
• the specular gloss G(60) at an incident angle of 60° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is 70 or less.
• the specular gloss G(60) may be 60 or less.
• the decorative laminate 10 with an upper limit on the specular gloss G(60) can more stably express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.
• Total light reflectance (RSCI )> a preferred numerical range of the total light reflectance (R SCI ) of the decorative laminate 10 will be further described.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) measured from the front surface 11 side of the decorative laminate 10 in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 is preferably 10% or more.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) of the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 in this embodiment is measured under geometric condition c in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) in this specification is a reflectance Y value (Y of tristimulus values XYZ) measured by the SCI method using a spectrophotometer in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) is measured using a spectrophotometer (model number CM-700d) manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. During the measurement, the measurement conditions, observation conditions, and measurement diameter/illumination diameter are set as follows.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) is measured by pressing a spectrophotometer vertically against the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 placed on a flat table.
• the measurement wavelength range of this spectrophotometer is 400 nm to 700 nm, and the measurement wavelength interval is 10 nm.
• Mode (specular reflection processing mode): I+E (SCI+SCE)
• ⁇ Observation conditions> ⁇ Color system: Yxy ⁇ Viewing angle: 10° field of view ⁇ Main light source: D65 ⁇ Measurement diameter/Illumination diameter>
• the measurement diameter/illumination diameter is selected according to the dimensions of the unit optical element 13.
• the illumination diameter is the diameter of the irradiation area of the spectrophotometer
• the measurement diameter is the diameter of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer (see Figure 8).
• the measurement diameter/illumination diameter is selected so that at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 falls within the measurement area C, and the total light reflectance (R SCI ) is set.
• the measurement diameter is selected as the smallest measurement diameter from among the selectable measurement diameters. For example, when at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 falls within a virtual circle with a diameter of 3 mm, at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 falls within the measurement area C regardless of whether the measurement diameter/illumination diameter is ⁇ 3 mm/ ⁇ 6 mm or ⁇ 8 mm/ ⁇ 11 mm, but the measurement diameter/illumination diameter is set to ⁇ 3 mm/ ⁇ 6 mm.
• the measurement diameter/illumination diameter is set to ⁇ 8 mm/ ⁇ 11 mm.
• the position of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer relative to the unit optical element 13 is determined so that the center of the measurement area C coincides with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, and the total light reflectance (R SCI ) is measured.
• the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13 to reflect light toward the front surface 11 is sufficiently strong. Therefore, the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13, which is to express a design with a sense of depth and a three-dimensional feel, can be more stably produced.
• ⁇ Transfer sheet>> 9 shows a transfer sheet 70 used to transfer the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4 to the molded portion 65.
• the transfer sheet 70 includes the decorative laminate 10 described above and a substrate 72 laminated on the front surface 11 side of the decorative laminate 10.
• the substrate 72 is a transfer substrate that is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10 when the decorative laminate 10 is transferred to the molded portion 65.
• the substrate 72 is a flat plate.
• a film such as a polyester resin film or a polyolefin resin film that is generally used as a substrate for transfer sheets can be used.
• the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 9 includes a release layer 73.
• the release layer 73 is formed on the surface of the substrate 72 facing the decorative laminate 10.
• the release layer 73 has a releasability that facilitates peeling of the substrate 72 from the decorative laminate 10.
• the release layer 73 has a first surface 73a and a second surface 73b located on the opposite side to the first surface 73a.
• the release layer 73 contacts the substrate 72 at the first surface 73a.
• the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 faces the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the release layer 73 contacts the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 at the second surface 73b.
• the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the release layer 73 contacts the light diffusion layer 90 at the second surface 73b.
• the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 has irregularities corresponding to the irregular surface 92 of the light diffusion layer 90.
• the release layer 73 contains a resin 74 and particles 75 diffused in the resin 74. Some of the particles 75 protrude from the resin 74, forming irregularities on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73.
• a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material for forming the resin 74 of the release layer 73.
• a curable resin can also be used as the material for forming the resin 74. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet ray (UV) curable resin can also be used as the material for forming the resin 74.
• the resin 74 can be a thermoplastic resin such as an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin, or a thermosetting resin obtained by combining these thermoplastic resins with a curing agent.
• the particles 75 can include an organic material or an inorganic material. When the particles 75 contain an organic material, the particles 75 may be acrylic beads.
• the release layer 73 may be made of a resin 74.
• the transfer sheet 70 has a first surface 70a and a second surface 70b located on the opposite side to the first surface 70a.
• the distance between the first surface 70a and the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is smaller than the distance between the first surface 70a and the back side 12 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the distance between the second surface 70b and the back side 12 of the decorative laminate 10 is smaller than the distance between the second surface 70b and the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the base material 72 which is a transfer base material, forms either the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70.
• the base material 72 which is a transfer base material
• the back side 12 of the decorative laminate 10 forms the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70.
• FIG. 10 to FIG. 14 are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a transfer sheet 70 (i.e., the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 9) for transferring the decorative laminate 10 to the molding portion 65.
• a flat substrate 72 is prepared with a release layer 73 formed on one surface.
• the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 has projections and recesses.
• a layer 93 of a precursor material of the light diffusion layer 90 described above is formed on the release layer 73.
• the surface of the layer 93 that comes into contact with the release layer 73 has projections and recesses formed thereon in accordance with the shape of the projections and recesses formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73.
• a light diffusion layer 90 having a projection and recess surface 92 is formed from the layer 93.
• a layer 29 of the precursor material of the above-mentioned molding layer 20 is formed on the light diffusion layer 90.
• a molding mold 100 is pressed against the layer 29 to mold it.
• the molding mold 100 has irregularities corresponding to the irregular structure 25.
• ultraviolet light is irradiated onto the layer 29 to harden the layer 29. This produces the molding layer 20 in which the irregular structure 25 is formed on the molding surface 20a.
• the molding mold 100 is then removed from the molding layer 20.
• the molding mold 100 may be removed from the layer 29 before the layer 29 is irradiated with ultraviolet light.
• the unevenness of the shaping mold 100 is determined so that the rise angle ⁇ B of the connection surface 26B of the uneven structure 25 is not 0° but 15° or more. This makes it easy to form unevenness in the layer 29 that reflects the unevenness of the shaping mold 100 with high precision when shaping the layer 29 with the shaping mold 100. In other words, it is easy to form an uneven structure 25 in the shaping layer 20 that corresponds to the unevenness of the shaping mold 100. In addition, because the rise angle ⁇ B of the connection surface 26B of the uneven structure 25 is 15° or more, it makes it easy to remove the shaping layer 20 or layer 29 from the shaping mold 100.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is formed so as to cover the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is formed by depositing or coating a metal or inorganic material on the shaping surface 20a.
• a reflective layer 33 is formed as the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• a bonding layer 35 is formed on the brightness adjustment layer 30. This produces the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 9.
• the transfer sheet 70 is placed in a mold for forming the molded portion 65.
• molten resin is introduced between the back surface 12 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) on the decorative laminate 10 and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin is solidified in the mold.
• the molded portion 65 bonded to the transfer sheet 70 is molded in the mold.
• the substrate 72 is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative member 3 see FIG. 2 in which the decorative laminate 10 is transferred to the molded portion 65 is completed.
• Such a molding method for the decorative member 3 is known as in-mold molding.
• the substrate 72 and the release layer 73 are peeled off from the decorative laminate 10.
• an uneven surface 92 is formed on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, as shown in FIG. 4.
• the base material 72 which is the transfer base material, forms either the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70.
• the transfer sheet 70 to be attached to the molded portion 65 or the like on the side of the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b that is not formed by the base material 72, and then the base material 72 can be peeled off to transfer the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 can be transferred in one go without having to perform the operation of attaching the laminate to the molded portion 65 or the like and then peeling off the base material multiple times.
• a method for producing a master mold 110 for forming a shaping mold 100 will be described with reference to Figures 14A to 14C.
• a master mold forming member 111 is prepared.
• the master mold forming member 111 includes a flat substrate 112 such as a glass plate, and a photosensitive material layer 113 that covers one surface of the substrate 112.
• the photosensitive material layer 113 is formed using a positive resist.
• the photosensitive layer 113 is irradiated with laser light R.
• the entire area of the photosensitive layer 113 is irradiated with the laser light R while moving the irradiation position of the laser light R on the mold forming member 111.
• the intensity of the laser light R is controlled in multiple gradations of three or more gradations.
• the intensity of the laser light R is controlled based on data representing the uneven structure 25. This data includes information regarding the uneven pattern to be formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20.
• This uneven pattern is an uneven pattern of an area including a plurality of unit shaping elements 23 of the shaping layer 20 (and therefore including the gap areas 24 between these plurality of unit shaping elements 23).
• This uneven pattern also represents the height (depth) of the unevenness to be formed on the shaping surface 20a with respect to the non-shaping surface 20b in multiple stages of three or more stages.
• the intensity of the laser light R is controlled in multiple tones of three or more gradations.
• the laser light R is irradiated to each position on the photosensitive layer 113 with an intensity that reflects the uneven pattern.
• the exposure amount of the laser light R at each position on the photosensitive layer 113 reflects the uneven pattern.
• the photosensitive layer 113 is developed and a portion of the photosensitive layer 113 is removed.
• the exposure amount of the laser light R at each position of the photosensitive layer 113 reflects the unevenness pattern, and therefore unevenness reflecting the unevenness pattern is formed in the developed photosensitive layer 113. In this way, a master mold 110 having unevenness reflecting the unevenness pattern is produced.
• the master mold 110 having unevenness corresponding to the multiple uneven structures 25 of the multiple unit shaping elements 23 is formed integrally and seamlessly. Therefore, there is little risk of unintended unevenness being formed on the master mold 110.
• unevenness corresponding to the above unevenness pattern can be formed on the master mold 110 with high precision.
• a metal layer 115 is formed on the uneven surface 110a of the master mold 110.
• the metal layer 115 may be formed of nickel or the like by, for example, electroforming.
• the metal layer 115 is formed with unevenness that reflects the unevenness of the master mold 110 (and therefore reflects the unevenness pattern described above).
• the metal layer 115 is separated from the master mold 110.
• the metal layer 115 may be separated from the master mold 110, for example, by dissolving and removing the photosensitive material layer 113 of the master mold 110 with a solvent.
• the metal layer 115 separated from the master mold 110 is used as the shaping mold 100.
• a large shaping mold may also be produced by combining multiple shaping molds 100 produced in this manner.
• multiple unit shaping elements 23 can be shaped in the shaping layer 20 in the intended arrangement pattern at once.
• the gap regions 24 between the multiple unit shaping elements 23 can also be shaped. Therefore, multiple unit shaping elements 23 can be formed in the shaping layer 20 with high precision in the intended planar shape and arrangement pattern.
• the shaping mold 100 produced in this manner has a higher degree of freedom in designing the uneven structure 25 compared to a shaping mold produced using a master mold produced by conventional cutting processing.
• the shapes of the inclined surface 26A and the connecting surface 26B can be set more freely compared to conventional methods.
• FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a decorative laminate 10 including a light diffusion layer 90 in Modification 1.
• the light diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96 dispersed in the binder resin 95.
• the light can be isotropically diffused by utilizing the refractive index difference between the binder resin 95 and the light diffusion material 96, or by utilizing the reflectivity of the light diffusion material 96.
• the light diffusion layer 90 in Modification 1 can diffuse the incident light.
• the binder resin 95 contained in the light diffusion layer 90 of the first modified example can be a known material such as a chlorine-based resin, a urethane resin, an acrylic urethane resin, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a butyral resin, a polystyrene resin, a nitrocellulose resin (nitrocellulose), or a cellulose acetate resin.
• the binder resin 95 can be a material similar to the material that forms the resin 74 of the release layer 73 in the above-described embodiment.
• the light diffusion material 96 contained in the light diffusion layer 90 of the first modified example may be appropriately selected depending on the light diffusion properties required for the light diffusion layer 90.
• the light diffusion material 96 include organic particles such as plastic beads, and inorganic particles such as silica.
• the plastic beads include melamine beads, acrylic beads, acrylic-styrene beads, polycarbonate beads, polyethylene beads, polystyrene beads, and polyvinyl chloride beads, and among these, acrylic beads are preferred.
• the light diffusion material 96 may be particles similar to the particles 75 in the above-mentioned embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 18, the light diffusion material 96 is particles. Although not shown, the light diffusion material 96 may be air bubbles.
• the light diffusion layer 90 also forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is flat.
• the light diffusion layer 90 also serves as a hard coat layer 91 that protects the molding layer 20.
• the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) is provided so as to cover the non-shaping surface 20b of the molding layer 20.
• the light diffusion layer 90 containing the binder resin 95 and the light diffusion material 96 can also diffuse the incident light, allowing the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with reduced gloss.
• ⁇ Transfer sheet used for transferring decorative laminate of modification example 1>> 19 shows a transfer sheet 70 used to transfer the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 1 to the molded portion 65.
• the transfer sheet 70 includes the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 1 and a substrate 72.
• the substrate 72 is a transfer substrate that is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10 when the decorative laminate 10 is transferred to the molded portion 65.
• the transfer sheet 70 is configured to facilitate peeling of the substrate 72 from the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 may further include a peeling layer.
• the peeling layer may form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• a peeling layer may be provided on the side of the light diffusion layer 90 shown in FIG. 18 opposite to the surface that contacts the shape-imparting layer 20.
• the substrate 72 may contact the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 formed by the peeling layer.
• the peeling layer has a peeling property that facilitates peeling of the decorative laminate 10 from the substrate 72 or the release layer 73.
• thermoplastic resins such as acrylic resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resins, polyurethane resins, polyolefin resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, and silicone resins, as well as thermosetting resins, ultraviolet-curing resins, and electron beam-curing resins that combine these thermoplastic resins with a curing agent.
• the transfer sheet 70 may have a release layer.
• the release layer of the transfer sheet 70 of the first modified example may be a release layer similar to the release layer 73 described above, or may be a release layer similar to the release layer 73 described above except that it does not contain particles 75.
• the layer structure of the transfer sheet 70 is not particularly limited as long as it is configured to facilitate peeling of the substrate 72 from the decorative laminate 10.
• the transfer sheet 70 does not need to include a peeling layer.
• the transfer sheet 70 does not need to include a release layer.
• the light diffusion layer 90 may form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the substrate 72 may be in contact with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 formed by the light diffusion layer 90.
• the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 18 and the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 19 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method.
• a flat substrate 72 is prepared with a light diffusion layer 90 formed on one surface.
• the light diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96 in the form of particles, so that an uneven surface 94 is formed on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 opposite the surface in contact with the substrate 72.
• the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 are formed in this order on the light diffusion layer 90.
• the method for forming the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the light diffusion layer 90 the method for forming the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the release layer 73 in the above-mentioned embodiment can be applied.
• the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 19, which includes the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 18, can be manufactured.
• the surface of the molding layer 20 that comes into contact with the light diffusion layer 90 is formed with irregularities according to the shape of the irregular surface 94 of the light diffusion layer 90.
• Light that enters the light diffusion layer 90 may be diffused by diffuse reflection at the interface where the molding layer 20 comes into contact with the irregular surface 94 of the light diffusion layer 90.
• the interface where the molding layer 20 comes into contact with the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 may be flat.
• the decorative laminate 10 may include a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located closer to the back surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30 and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 2.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 20 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light.
• FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 2, different from FIG. 20.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 21 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96. In the example shown in FIG. 20 and FIG.
• the shape-imparting surface 20a of the shape-imparting layer 20 faces the back surface 12.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located closer to the back surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30 and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 forms a second reflective interface 51a through which light is reflected.
• the second reflective interface 51a is directed toward the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, the second reflective interface 51a reflects light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 is located between the bonding layer 35 and the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 also functions as a planarizing layer that fills in the unevenness of the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40.
• the bonding layer 35 does not need to double as the filling layer 40.
• the surface of the second brightness adjustment layer 51 that comes into contact with the bonding layer 35 is flat. As a result, the surface of the bonding layer 35 that comes into contact with the second brightness adjustment layer 51 is flat.
• the function of the second brightness adjustment layer 51 will now be described.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 can reflect the light that heads toward the back side 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27. This allows the light that heads toward the back side 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27 to be used for design expression.
• the design expression can also be adjusted by adjusting the material of the second brightness adjustment layer 51. For example, it is possible to express the impression of a metal surface, that is, a metallic feel.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 is, for example, a resin layer on which aluminum flakes are arranged. In this case, the surface of the resin layer on which the aluminum flakes are arranged becomes the second reflection interface 51a.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 may be a resin layer in which a pearl pigment is dispersed.
• the second brightness adjustment layer 51 may be a resin layer on which ink is applied. In this case, the surface of the resin layer on which ink is applied becomes the second reflection interface 51a.
• the color of the ink applied to the surface of the resin layer is, for example, silver.
• a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material of the resin layer included in the second brightness adjustment layer 51.
• a curable resin may be used as the material of the resin layer.
• a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin may be used as the material of the resin layer.
• the decorative laminate 10 may include a color-imparting layer 52 located between the front side surface 11 and the reflective interface 27.
• FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 3.
• FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 3, different from that shown in FIG. 22.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light.
• FIG. 24 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 3, different from that shown in FIGS. 22 and 23.
• FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 3.
• FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of the modified example 3, different from that shown in FIGS. 22 to 24.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96.
• the color-imparting layer 52 is located between the front surface 11 and the shape-imparting layer 20.
• the color-imparting layer 52 is configured to easily transmit a portion of the incident light and to not easily transmit the other portion. More specifically, the color-imparting layer 52 is configured to easily transmit light of a specific wavelength and to not easily transmit light other than the specific wavelength. As a result, the light that passes through the color-imparting layer 52 is imparted with color.
• the transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 is, for example, 30% or more.
• the transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 means the total light transmittance measured using a haze meter ("HM-150N” manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd., JIS K7361:1997 compliant product).
• the total light transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 may be 50% or more, or may be 80% or more.
• the color-imparting layer 52 can impart color to light that is incident on the decorative laminate 10 and travels from the front surface 11 toward the reflective interface 27, and to light that is reflected at the reflective interface 27 and travels toward the front surface 11. This allows for richer design expression.
• the color-imparting layer 52 is, for example, a resin layer in which at least one of a pigment and a dye is dispersed.
• a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material of the resin layer contained in the color-imparting layer 52.
• a curable resin may also be used as the material of the resin layer.
• a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet ray (UV) curable resin may also be used as the material of the resin layer.
• the pigment and dye contained in the resin layer are not particularly limited as long as the color-imparting layer 52 can impart color to light.
• the color-imparting layer 52 imparts, for example, a blue color to light that has passed through the color-imparting layer 52.
• the decorative laminate 10 may include both a second brightness adjustment layer 51 and a color-imparting layer 52, as shown in Figures 22 and 24.
• the decorative laminate 10 may include a color-imparting layer 52 and not include a second brightness adjustment layer 51, as shown in Figures 23 and 25.
• FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of modified example 4.
• FIG. 27 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of modified example 4, different from FIG. 26.
• the light diffusion layer 90 does not form the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 does not also serve as the hard coat layer 91.
• the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 includes a hard coat layer 91 in addition to a light diffusing layer 90 .
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located between the molding layer 20 and the hard coat layer 91.
• the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the molding layer 20, the light diffusion layer 90, and the hard coat layer 91 are laminated in this order in the direction from the back side 12 to the front side 11 along the Z direction Dz.
• the hard coat layer 91 forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 has a color-imparting layer 52.
• the light diffusion layer 90 is located between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the color-imparting layer 52.
• the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shape-imparting layer 20, the light diffusion layer 90, the color-imparting layer 52, and the hard coat layer 91 are laminated in this order in the direction from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11 along the Z direction Dz. As a result, the hard coat layer 91 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a light diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light, the light diffusion layer 90 does not have to form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. This allows the degree of gloss suppression to be adjusted, thereby expressing a more preferable matte texture. It is also preferable that the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 from the viewpoint of providing a tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10 by the light diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92.
• the decorative laminate 10 may include a substrate 76 located closer to the front surface 11 than the light diffusion layer 90.
• Fig. 28 is a diagram showing an example of the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 5.
• the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96.
• the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 28 includes a substrate 76 that is located closer to the front side 11 than the light diffusion layer 90.
• the light diffusion layer 90 and the substrate 76 overlap in the normal direction Dn.
• the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the molding layer 20, the light diffusion layer 90, and the substrate 76 are layered in this order along the Z direction Dz in the direction from the back side 12 to the front side 11.
• the substrate 76 forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the substrate 76 can be made of a material similar to that of the substrate 72, which is the transfer substrate in the above-described embodiment.
• the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 28 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, a flat substrate 76 is prepared with a light diffusion layer 90 formed on one surface. Next, the molding layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 are formed in this order on the light diffusion layer 90. As a method for forming the molding layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the light diffusion layer 90, the method for forming the molding layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the release layer 73 in the above-mentioned embodiment can be applied. In this way, the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 28 can be manufactured.
• the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 28 can be regarded as a decorative laminate 10 in which the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 19 is used as the decorative laminate 10 without peeling off the substrate 72.
• the substrate 76 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 28 corresponds to the substrate 72 of the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 19.
• the decorative laminate 10 of the fifth modification may be a decorative laminate 10 in which the transfer sheet 70 described above, for example the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIGS. 9, 20 to 27, is used as the decorative laminate 10 without peeling off the substrate 72, and the substrate 72 of the transfer sheet 70 is used as the substrate 76.
• the substrate 76 is transparent. This allows light that enters the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 to reach the reflective interface 27, and allows the light reflected at the reflective interface 27 to exit from the front surface 11, without the need to peel off the substrate 76.
• the decorative laminate 10 of variant 5, which includes the substrate 76, can be attached to the above-mentioned molded portion 65, etc., without peeling off the substrate 76.
• the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10.
• the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 from the viewpoint of providing a tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10 by the light diffusion layer 90 having the uneven surface 92. From these viewpoints, it is preferable that the decorative laminate 10 does not include the substrate 76.
• FIG. 3 shows an example in which a plurality of unit optical elements 13 have an outer contour 23a of a regular hexagonal shape in a plan view.
• the outer contour 23a of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 may be a polygonal shape other than a hexagonal shape.
• the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13 may be a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, or an octagonal shape.
• FIG. 3 shows an example in which a plurality of unit optical elements 13 have an outer contour 23a of a regular hexagonal shape in a plan view.
• the outer contour 23a of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 may be a polygonal shape other than a hexagonal shape.
• the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13 may be a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, or an octagonal shape.
• FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a state in which a shape-imparting layer 20 having an example of the unit optical elements 13 in the sixth modification is viewed in a plan view.
• the unit optical elements 13 having an octagonal outer contour 23a may be arranged in a staggered manner.
• the outer contour 23a of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 may have a shape other than a polygonal shape. That is, the outer contour 23a of the unit optical elements 13 may include a curved portion or a portion extending in an arc shape.
• the outer contour 23a of the unit optical elements 13 is not particularly limited.
• the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 may be, for example, a circle, a semicircle, an ellipse, a sector, a crescent, a heart, a letter shape, or the like.
• the unit optical elements 13 may have shapes different from each other.
• the unit optical elements 13 may be arranged in an irregular array. Furthermore, although not shown, the unit optical elements 13 may be arranged so as to overlap each other.
• the unit optical elements 13 may have outer contours 23a of shapes different from each other.
• the concave-convex structure 25 is a linear Fresnel lens or has a structure in which linear Fresnel lenses are combined.
• the shape of the concave-convex structure 25 is not limited to this.
• the concave-convex structure 25 may be a circular Fresnel lens.
• the shape of each inclined surface 26A in plan view may be a perfect circle or an ellipse.
• the direction in which the major axis of the ellipse extends (hereinafter simply referred to as the major axis direction) may differ between the plurality of unit optical elements 13.
• each inclined surface 26A may extend in an arc shape in plan view.
• the inclined surface 26A of each unit optical element 13 extends along a circle centered on the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13.
• the mold layer 20 may include a concave-convex structure 25 formed as a linear Fresnel lens and a concave-convex structure 25 formed as a circular Fresnel lens.
• the multiple unit optical elements 13 may include unit optical elements 13 having different shapes of the outer contour 23a.
• FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a plan view of a molding layer 20 having another example of the unit optical element 13 in modified example 6.
• FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a cross section of the molding layer 20 along the line XXXIV-XXXIV in FIG. 33, together with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40.
• parts other than the molding layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the filling layer 40 of the decorative laminate 10 are omitted from the illustration.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are formed by dividing the side surface of a cone.
• the first region 234 is a region extending from the outermost inclined surface 26Ao of the plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 to the innermost inclined surface 26Ac of the plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 when viewed in the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10.
• the plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 are inclined toward the first reference line L1.
• the first reference line L1 coincides with the perpendicular line of the cone.
• the perpendicular line of the cone is a line perpendicularly extending from the apex of the cone to the base.
• FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a cross section of the molding layer 20 taken along line XXXVII-XXXVII in FIG. 33, together with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40.
• the first region 234 may function as a lens having a cone shape with an elliptical bottom surface.
• the first region 234 has a shape that functions as a conical lens.
• the shape of the first region 234 is not limited to this.
• the first region 234 may function as a lens having a cone shape other than a cone.
• the first region 234 may function as a lens having a cone shape with a polygonal bottom as shown in FIG. 38.
• FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a plan view of a molding layer 20 having another example of a unit optical element 13 in Modification Example 6.
• the first inclined surface 26A1 may be formed as shown by the solid line in FIG. 39.
• the term "cone” is a concept that includes not only a straight cone but also an oblique cone.
• the first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens.
• the first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens obtained by removing the apex of a straight pyramid as shown in Figures 40 and 41.
• the first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens obtained by removing the apex of an oblique pyramid.
• Figure 41 shows cross sections of the molding layer 20, brightness adjustment layer 30, and filling layer 40 when the uneven structure 25 is configured so that the first region 234 functions as a frustum-shaped lens. In Figure 41, parts of the decorative laminate 10 other than the molding layer 20 and filling layer 40 are omitted from the illustration.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 form the side surfaces of a cone or a frustum at different height positions, or a part of the side surface.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are configured to have a shape formed by dividing the side surface of a cone or a frustum.
• a cone whose side surface or a part of the side surface is formed by the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 is referred to as a first cone.
• a frustum whose side surface or a part of the side surface is formed by the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 is referred to as a first frustum.
• the first region 234 can function as a lens in the shape of a first cone or a lens in the shape of a first frustum.
• the first region 234 may function as a lens having an approximately pyramidal or frustum-shaped shape.
• the first region 234 may function as a lens having a shape in which a part of a pyramid, frustum, approximately pyramidal, or approximately frustum is cut off at a virtual plane perpendicular to its base, as shown in FIG. 42.
• the shape shown in FIG. 42 corresponds to a shape in which a part of a pyramid shown in FIG. 38 is cut off at a virtual plane perpendicular to its base.
• the first inclined surface 26A1 is formed as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 39.
• the unit optical element 13 with the symbol 23C in FIG. 39 formed to function as a lens having the shape shown in FIG.
• the unit optical element 13 with the symbol 23D in FIG. 39 formed to function as a lens having the shape shown in FIG. 38 is called a complete unit optical element 13D.
• the incomplete unit optical element 13C has a shape in which a portion of the complete unit optical element 13D is cut off at a virtual plane parallel to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10.
• the uneven structure 25 of the first region 234 is formed so that the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are inclined toward the first reference line L1.
• the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 form the shapes of the side surfaces or parts of the side surfaces at different height positions of a pyramid, a frustum, an approximate pyramid, and an approximate frustum.
• Figure 41 corresponds to a cross section of the shaping layer 20, brightness adjustment layer 30, and filling layer 40 of the decorative laminate 10 when the shaping surface 20a functions as a frustum-shaped or approximately frustum-shaped lens.
• the unit optical element includes a second region 235 adjacent to the first region 234 in the direction in which the first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned.
• the shaping surface 20a is a flat surface or a curved surface.
• the shaping surface 20a is a flat surface.
• the second region 235 may be a spherical lens.
• the second region 235 may include a plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 and a plurality of second connection surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second inclined surfaces 26A2.
• the plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 may have a shape corresponding to a plurality of lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction.
• the plurality of second connection surfaces 26B2 may have a shape corresponding to a rise surface connecting the plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 corresponding to the plurality of lens surfaces.
• a Fresnel lens structure may be formed in the second region 235.
• the second region 235 may include a plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 forming the Fresnel lens structure and a plurality of second connection surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second inclined surfaces 26A2.
• the Fresnel lens structure includes the second inclined surfaces 26A2 formed by dividing a continuous spherical lens and the second connection surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second inclined surfaces 26A2.
• the Fresnel lens structure formed in the second region 235 functions as a convex lens, but the Fresnel lens structure is not limited to this.
• the Fresnel lens structure may also function as a concave lens.
• the second region 235 may have a cone-convex structure 25 formed therein that functions as a lens having a cone shape, a cone shape, an approximate cone shape, or an approximate cone shape that is different from the cone shape or approximate cone shape corresponding to the first inclined surface 26A1 of the first region 234.
• the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 form the side surfaces of a pyramid or a frustum at different height positions, or a part of the side surface.
• the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 are configured to have a shape formed by dividing the side surface of a pyramid or a frustum.
• a pyramid whose side surface or a part of the side surface is formed by the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 is referred to as a second pyramid.
• a frustum whose side surface or a part of the side surface is formed by the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 is referred to as a second frustum.
• the second region 235 can function as a lens in the shape of a second pyramid or a lens in the shape of a second frustum.
• the first inclined surfaces 26A1 are shaped as side surfaces or parts of the side surfaces at different height positions of the first frustum.
• the second inclined surfaces 26A2 are shaped as side surfaces or parts of the side surfaces at different height positions of the second cone or the second frustum.
• the shape of the bottom surface of the first frustum and the shape of the bottom surface of the second cone or the second frustum may be different from each other.
• the first region 234 is formed to function as a lens in the shape of a frustum (first frustum) whose bottom surface is hexagonal.
• the second region 235 is formed to function as a lens in the shape of a cone whose bottom surface is circular, that is, a cone (second frustum).
• the first inclined surfaces 26A1 may be shaped as side surfaces at different height positions of the first frustum
• the second inclined surfaces 26A2 may be shaped as side surfaces at different height positions of the second cone or frustum.
• the first region 234 surrounds the second region 235 in a plan view.
• the second region 235 has an uneven structure 25 having a function different from that of the first inclined surface 26A1 of the first region 234.
• the second region 235 has an uneven structure 25 that functions as a lens, for example, in a pyramidal shape, a frustum shape, an approximately pyramidal shape, or an approximately frustum shape.
• the second inclined surface 26A2 may be aligned in a direction toward the second reference line L2 extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz).
• the second inclined surface 26A2 may be inclined toward the second reference line L2.
• the position of the second reference line L2 when the decorative laminate 10 is viewed in a plane is fixed to one point.
• the second reference line L2 coincides with the perpendicular line of the cone, which is the second pyramid.
• the second reference line L2 may or may not coincide with the first reference line L1.
• unit optical elements 13 having a rectangular outer contour 23a may be arranged in a square.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 45 can be considered to be aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 shown in Figure 45 and inclined toward the first reference line L1.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 46 can be considered to be aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 shown in Figure 46 and inclined toward the first reference line L1.
• the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 is a linear Fresnel lens.
• Figure 47 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the mold layer 20 shown in Figure 46 along the line XLVII-XLVII, together with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40.
• parts other than the mold layer 20 and the filling layer 40 of the decorative laminate 10 are omitted from the illustration.
• the adjacent inclined surface 26A and the connecting surface 26B included in the uneven structure 25 are connected at the boundary 26C.
• the inclined surface 26A and the connecting surface 26B are arranged so that the boundary 26C included in one of the unit optical elements 13 extends in one direction in a plan view of one of the unit optical elements 13.
• the boundary 26C between the inclined surface 26A and the connecting surface 26B all extend in one direction.
• the direction in which the boundary 26C extends in one plan view of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may be different from the direction in which the boundary 26C extends in another plan view of the multiple unit optical elements 13.
• the decorative laminate 10 has a plurality of unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figures 46 and 47 will be further described.
• the plurality of inclined surfaces 26A included in one of the unit optical elements 13 are flat surfaces parallel to each other.
• the plurality of connecting surfaces 26B included in one of the unit optical elements 13 are flat surfaces parallel to each other.
• the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in one of the unit optical elements 13 may be different from the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in another of the unit optical elements 13.
• the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in one of the unit optical elements 13 may be different from the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in the other of the unit optical elements 13.
• the direction in which the boundary 26C extends in a plan view of one of the unit optical elements 13, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 are adjusted for each unit optical element 13.
• the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 may be adjusted for each unit optical element 13 according to the three-dimensional shape to be displayed.
• the desired three-dimensional shape can be displayed pseudo-wise by adjusting the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a refractive index modulation layer 34.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 is a layer whose refractive index is different from that of the shape-imparting layer 20.
• FIG. 48 is a diagram showing the decorative laminate 10 of modified example 7. In the example shown in FIG. 48, the uneven structure 25 of the shape-imparting layer 20 is covered by the refractive index modulation layer 34.
• a reflective interface 27 is formed between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the refractive index modulation layer 34, and the reflectance of light on the shape-imparting surface 20a can be improved. This allows the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10 to be adjusted.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed by deposition or coating of a high refractive index material (e.g., metal oxide, metal sulfide, or metal nitride).
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be a transparent deposition layer.
• a high refractive index material e.g., metal oxide, metal sulfide, or metal nitride.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be a transparent deposition layer.
• any one of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium titanate, silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), or a combination thereof can be adopted.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 may also be a transparent deposition layer.
• the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be improved.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a deposition film.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed, for example, by the following method.
• An ink containing high refractive index particles with an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less formed from a high refractive index material is prepared, and this is coated on the shaping surface 20a.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed.
• a zirconium oxide dispersion SZR series (product name) manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
• the ink may or may not contain a binder resin.
• an ultraviolet curable resin or an ionizing radiation curable resin can be used as the binder resin.
• the ionizing radiation curable resin is, for example, an electron beam curable resin.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 containing an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin as a binder resin is flexible and extensible. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is curved or stretched along the surface of the molded portion 65, the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be curved or stretched as desired. In other words, there is little risk that the refractive index modulation layer 34 will hinder the curvature or stretching of the decorative laminate 10.
• the rise angle ⁇ B of the connection surface 26B of the uneven structure 25 may be greater than 0°.
• the rise angle ⁇ B of the connection surface 26B may be 15° or greater. This makes it easy to form the refractive index modulation layer 34 on the connection surface 26B.
• the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be formed as a thin film-like layer, similar to the reflective layer 33 shown in FIG. 4. In this case, the thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be thinner than the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in the unit optical element 13. The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be half or less of the height H25, 25% or less of the height H25, or 10% or less of the height H25. The refractive index modulation layer 34 of such a thickness forms unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a, without filling the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. Although not shown, the refractive index modulation layer 34 may fill the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40.
• the thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 is preferably a thickness that can sufficiently increase the reflectance of the reflection interface 27 formed by the refractive index modulation layer 34.
• the thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be, for example, 0.005 ⁇ m or more.
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 20 ⁇ m or less.
• the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is not limited to this.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a colored layer 36.
• the colored layer 36 absorbs a part of the light incident on the decorative laminate 10, thereby adjusting the reflectance of visible light at the reflection interface between the shaping surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the colored layer 36 can impart a desired color to the decorative laminate 10.
• FIG. 49 is a diagram showing the decorative laminate 10 of modification 8.
• a material constituting the colored layer 36 a mixture of a pigment or a dye with a resin can be adopted.
• the colored layer 36 may further contain additives such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer.
• the resin contained in the colored layer 36 may be, for example, a non-ultraviolet ray curable acrylic resin.
• the acrylic resin is, for example, a polymer of a (meth)acrylate compound.
• the polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of a (meth)acrylate compound.
• Examples of the (meth)acrylate compound include alkyl (meth)acrylates such as methyl (meth)acrylate and ethyl (meth)acrylate, cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates such as cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, aromatic (meth)acrylates such as phenyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate.
• the acrylic resin is preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 10,000 or more, or 50,000 or more, from the viewpoint of durability such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance.
• the Mw of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 100,000 or less, or 80,000 or less, from the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion.
• Mw refers to the value measured by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as the standard substance, and is measured by a method conforming to JIS K 7252-3:2016.
• the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 70°C or higher, or 85°C or higher, from the viewpoint of durability such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance.
• the Tg of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 110°C or lower, or 100°C or lower, from the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion. Therefore, the Tg of the acrylic resin may be 70°C or higher and 110°C or lower.
• Tg is the glass transition temperature obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordance with JIS K 7121:2012.
• the resin contained in the colored layer 36 may be a cured product of an acrylic thermosetting resin.
• the cured product is formed, for example, from an acrylic thermosetting resin and a curing agent.
• An example of the acrylic thermosetting resin is an acrylic polyol having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule.
• An example of the acrylic polyol is a polymer of a (meth)acrylate compound using at least a hydroxyl group-containing monomer such as a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate as a raw material monomer.
• An example of the curing agent is an isocyanate compound.
• the colored layer 36 When the colored layer 36 is colored black, the colored layer 36 typically contains a black pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a black dye instead of a black pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• the black pigment contained in the colored layer 36 that can be used include carbon black, titanium black, complex metal oxides, and perylene black.
• the black dye contained in the colored layer 36 that can be used include an azo-based black dye and a nigrosine black dye.
• the colored layer 36 When the colored layer 36 is colored blue, it typically contains a blue pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a blue dye instead of a blue pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• the blue pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include copper phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, cobalt blue, and composite metal oxides.
• the blue dye contained in the colored layer 36 include methine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, triarylmethane dyes, and phthalocyanine dyes.
• the colored layer 36 When the colored layer 36 is colored red, the colored layer 36 typically contains a red pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a red dye instead of a red pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• a red pigment contained in the colored layer 36 for example, a diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, an anthraquinone pigment, a quinacridone pigment, a perylene pigment, a complex metal oxide, or an iron oxide can be used.
• a red dye contained in the colored layer 36 for example, an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, or a perinone dye can be used.
• the colored layer 36 typically contains a yellow pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a yellow dye instead of a yellow pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• the yellow pigment contained in the colored layer 36 for example, isoindoline-based pigments, anthraquinone-based pigments, condensed azo-based pigments, complex metal oxides, and iron oxides can be used.
• the yellow dye contained in the colored layer 36 for example, azo-based dyes, anthraquinone-based dyes, methine-based dyes, quinophthalone-based dyes, and pyrazolone-based dyes can be used.
• the colored layer 36 When the colored layer 36 is colored green, the colored layer 36 typically contains a green pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a green dye instead of a green pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• a green pigment contained in the colored layer 36 for example, a phthalocyanine pigment or an isoindoline pigment can be used.
• a triphenylmethane basic dye or a phthalocyanine dye can be used.
• the colored layer 36 When the colored layer 36 is colored purple, the colored layer 36 typically contains a purple pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a purple dye instead of a purple pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• a purple pigment contained in the colored layer 36 for example, a quinacridone pigment or a dioxazine pigment can be used.
• an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, an azine dye, or a quinoline dye can be used as the purple dye contained in the colored layer 36.
• the colored layer 36 When the colored layer 36 is colored magenta, the colored layer 36 typically contains a magenta pigment.
• the colored layer 36 may contain a magenta dye instead of a magenta pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye.
• a magenta pigment contained in the colored layer 36 for example, a quinacridone pigment can be used.
• a vermilion or an anthraquinone dye can be used as the magenta dye contained in the colored layer 36.
• the coloring layer 36 may contain not only the pigments and dyes described above, but also color-matching pigments and color-matching dyes.
• the coloring layer 36 when the coloring layer 36 is colored black and the black pigment or black dye is reddish, the coloring layer 36 may further contain the above-mentioned blue pigment or blue dye as a color-matching pigment or color-matching dye.
• various color pigments can be used as the color-matching pigment, such as the above-mentioned red pigment, yellow pigment, green pigment, magenta pigment, and purple pigment, in addition to the blue pigment.
• various dyes can be used as the color-matching dye, such as the above-mentioned red dye, green dye, magenta dye, yellow dye, and purple dye, in addition to the blue dye.
• the colored layer 36 may be black by containing pigments and dyes of the colors mentioned above other than the black pigment and black dye.
• Such a colored layer 36 is produced by applying a liquid precursor material to the molding surface 20a of the molding layer 20 and curing it.
• the precursor material of the colored layer 36 contains the resin and the pigment or dye contained in the colored layer 36 described above.
• the colored layer 36 fills in the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. That is, the brightness adjustment layer 30, which is the colored layer 36, also functions as a flattening layer that fills in the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40.
• the bonding layer 35 does not need to double as the filling layer 40.
• the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 that comes into contact with the bonding layer 35 is flat. As a result, the surface of the bonding layer 35 that comes into contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30 is flat.
• Such a colored layer 36 is produced by applying a liquid precursor material to the molding surface 20a of the molding layer 20 and curing it.
• the precursor material of the colored layer 36 contains the resin and the pigment or dye contained in the colored layer 36 described above.
• the total light transmittance of at least some of the multiple unit adjustment elements 41 may be different from the total light transmittance of the other unit adjustment elements 41. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a complex design.
• the thickness of the colored layer 36 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
• the shape of the decorative member 3 may be any shape.
• the shape of the molded portion 65 to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied may be any shape.
• the decorative member 3 may include a curved surface 68.
• the molded portion 65 may include a curved surface 68 corresponding to the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3, and the decorative laminate 10 may cover the curved surface 68 of the molded portion 65.
• an observer observing the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3 can grasp the change in the optical action of the decorative laminate 10 according to the change in the angle of incidence of light to the decorative laminate 10 without moving the decorative member 3.
• the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the decorative member 3 is preferably 250 mm or less, and more preferably 100 mm or less.
• the decorative laminate 10 has a front side 11 and a back side 12 located opposite the front side 11.
• the decorative laminate includes a shaping layer 20 and a light diffusion layer 90 located closer to the front side 11 than the shaping layer 20.
• the shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which a concave-convex structure 25 is formed.
• the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13 that provides at least one optical action selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction of incident light according to the concave-convex structure 25.
• the shaping surface 20a includes a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and inclined toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B connecting adjacent inclined surfaces 26A, forming a reflection interface 27 at which light is reflected.
• the angle of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn is greater than the angle of the connecting surface 26B connected to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn.
• the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light.
• the ratio G(85)/G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10 to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front side 11 of the decorative laminate 10, is 2 or more and 30 or less. This makes it possible to provide a decorative laminate 10 and a decorative member 3 that have a three-dimensional feel and express a matte texture.
• the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are lens surfaces, and the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. This allows the unit optical elements 13 to function as lenses. Therefore, in the area where the decorative laminate 10 has the unit optical elements 13, a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed.
• the light diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96 dispersed in the binder resin 95. As a result, the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light, and the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.
• the light diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses the incident light. As a result, the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light, and the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with suppressed gloss.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a brightness adjustment layer 30 arranged on the shaping surface 20a side of the shaping layer 20. This adjusts the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10, so that a rich design with a luxurious feel can be more effectively imparted to the decorative laminate 10.
• the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a vapor deposition film.
• the vapor deposition film can be firmly adhered to the shaping surface 20a.
• the vapor deposition film is used as the brightness adjustment layer 30, so that the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10 can be adjusted.
• the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 faces the back side surface 12.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a second brightness adjustment layer 51 that is located closer to the back side surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30, contacts the brightness adjustment layer 30, and forms a second reflective interface 51a at which light is reflected. This allows light that is not reflected at the reflective interface 27 and heads toward the back side surface 12 to be used for design expression.
• the multiple connection surfaces 26B are angled with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10.
• the multiple connection surfaces 26B are angled with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, so that the shaping surface 20a can be firmly attached to other layers.
• the unit shaping elements 23 corresponding to the unit optical elements 13 have a shape that is easy to shape.
• the decorative laminate 10 includes a base material 76 that is located closer to the front surface 11 than the light diffusion layer 90. Such a decorative laminate 10 can be attached to a molded portion 65 or the like without peeling off the base material 76.
• the transfer sheet 70 includes the decorative laminate 10 described above and a transfer base material 72 laminated on the front surface 11 side of the decorative laminate 10. Such a transfer sheet 70 can realize design expressions not previously seen.
• the decorative member 3 includes a molded portion 65 and the decorative laminate 10 described above. Such a decorative member 3 can realize a design expression that has not been seen before.
• the moving body 1 is equipped with the decorative laminate 10 described above. Such a moving body 1 can realize design expressions not previously seen.
• Example 1 A flat substrate 72 having a release layer 73 formed on one surface thereof was prepared.
• the release layer 73 used contained a resin 74 and particles 75 diffused in the resin 74.
• the resin 74 contained in the release layer 73 was an acrylic polyol.
• the particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 were melamine particles. Since the release layer 73 contained the resin 74 and the particles 75, unevenness was formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73.
• a layer 93 of a precursor material of the light diffusion layer 90 was formed on the release layer 73.
• the surface of the layer 93 that comes into contact with the release layer 73 was formed with irregularities corresponding to the shape of the irregularities formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73.
• a light diffusion layer 90 having an irregular surface 92 was formed.
• the material of the light diffusion layer 90 was acrylic resin.
• the material of the layer 93 of the precursor material of the light diffusion layer 90 was selected so that a light diffusion layer 90 made of acrylic resin would be formed.
• a layer 29 of a precursor material of the molding layer 20 was formed on the light diffusion layer 90.
• a molding mold 100 was pressed against the layer 29 to mold it.
• the molding mold 100 had irregularities corresponding to the irregular structure 25.
• ultraviolet light was irradiated onto the layer 29 to harden the layer 29. This produced the molding layer 20 in which the irregular structure 25 was formed on the molding surface 20a. Thereafter, the molding mold 100 was removed from the molding layer 20.
• a refractive index modulation layer 34 was formed as the brightness adjustment layer 30 so as to cover the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20.
• a vapor deposition film of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.
• TiO 2 titanium oxide
• a reflection interface 27 was formed between the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 and the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the shaping surface 20a forming the reflection interface 27 included a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B in the plurality of unit optical elements 13.
• the uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 had a structure in which linear Fresnel lenses were combined as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
• the plurality of unit optical elements 13 had an outer contour 23a of a regular hexagonal shape in plan view as shown in FIG. 3.
• Example 2 In Example 2, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 2, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 1. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 2 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Example 1.
• Example 3 In Example 3, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 3, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 1. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 3 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 1 and 2.
• Example 4 As Example 4, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below. In Example 4, a vapor-deposited film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.
• ZnS zinc sulfide
• Example 5 In Example 5, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 4, except for the points described below. In Example 5, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 4. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 5 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Example 4.
• Example 6 In Example 6, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 4, except for the points described below. In Example 6, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 4. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 6 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 4 and 5.
• Example 7 In Example 7, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• a decorative laminate 10 including a reflective layer 33 as the brightness adjustment layer 30 was produced, as shown in Fig. 4.
• As the reflective layer 33 a vapor-deposited film of aluminum (Al) was formed on the shaping surface 20a.
• Example 8 In Example 8, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 7, except for the points described below. In Example 8, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 7. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 8 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Example 7.
• Example 9 a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 7, except for the points described below.
• the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 7. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 9 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 7 and 8.
• Example 10 As Example 10, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• As the second brightness adjustment layer 51 an ink in which an aluminum pigment is dispersed in an acrylic resin was applied to the layer.
• a vapor deposition film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.
• Example 11 In Example 11, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 10, except for the points described below. In Example 11, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 10. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 11 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Example 10.
• Example 12 In Example 12, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 10, except for the points described below. In Example 12, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 10. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 12 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 10 and 11.
• Example 13 a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• a decorative laminate 10 including a colored layer 36 as a brightness adjustment layer 30 was produced, as shown in Fig. 49.
• the colored layer 36 was made of an acrylic resin mixed with carbon black as a pigment.
• Example 14 a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 13, except for the points described below.
• the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 13. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 14 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Example 13.
• a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have an uneven surface as shown in Fig. 7C and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.
• a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with unevenness and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.
• a vapor deposition film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.
• ZnS zinc sulfide
• a decorative laminate including a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located between the bonding layer 35 and the brightness adjustment layer 30 was produced.
• As the second brightness adjustment layer 51 an ink in which an aluminum pigment was dispersed in an acrylic resin was applied.
• a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with unevenness and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.
• a decorative laminate including a colored layer 36 was produced as the brightness adjustment layer 30.
• the colored layer 36 was a mixture of carbon black as a pigment in an acrylic resin, which is a resin.
• Comparative Example 4 As Comparative Example 4, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 13, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 4, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 13. It is considered that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 of Comparative Example 4 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 13 and 14.
• a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have a surface with unevenness and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.
• the uneven structure 25 was not formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20, and the shaping surface 20a was made flat.
• the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 5 did not include a unit optical element 13.
• the luminance adjustment layer 30 was not provided on the decorative laminate.
• a second luminance adjustment layer 51 was provided between the bonding layer 35 and the shaping layer 20.
• the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 5 was formed by laminating the bonding layer 35, the second brightness adjustment layer 51, the shape-imparting layer 20 and the hard coat layer 91 in this order in the direction from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11.
• a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was prepared by the same method as in Example 1, except for the points described below.
• the uneven structure 25 was not formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20, and the shaping surface 20a was made flat.
• the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 6 did not include a unit optical element 13.
• the luminance adjustment layer 30 was not provided on the decorative laminate.
• a second luminance adjustment layer 51 was provided between the bonding layer 35 and the shaping layer 20. As the second luminance adjustment layer 51, an ink in which an aluminum pigment was dispersed in an acrylic resin was used.
• the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 6 was a laminate in which the bonding layer 35, the second luminance adjustment layer 51, the shaping layer 20, and the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) were laminated in this order in the direction from the back side surface 12 to the front side surface 11.
• Comparative Example 7 As Comparative Example 7, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Comparative Example 6, except for the points described below. In Comparative Example 7, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Comparative Example 6. It is considered that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 of Comparative Example 7 having a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 having a greater effect of reducing the gloss generated on the front side surface 11 than in Comparative Example 6. ⁇ Production of Decorative Members>
• the decorative member 3 was produced by in-mold molding using each of the transfer sheets 70 having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, in which the decorative laminate 10 was transferred to the molded portion 65 as shown in FIG. 2. Specifically, the decorative member 3 was produced by the following method. First, the transfer sheet 70 was placed in a mold for molding the molded portion 65. Next, molten resin was introduced between the back side surface 12 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) on the transfer sheet 70 and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin was solidified in the mold. In this way, the molded portion 65 bonded to the transfer sheet 70 was molded in the mold. Then, the substrate 72 was peeled off from the decorative laminate 10. In this way, the decorative member 3 was produced.
• the transfer sheet 70 was placed in a mold for molding the molded portion 65.
• molten resin was introduced between the back side surface 12 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) on the transfer sheet 70 and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin was solidified
• the decorative laminate 10 bonded to the molded portion 65 by the bonding layer 35 was produced.
• the decorative member 3 thus produced had a molded portion 65 and a decorative laminate 10 as shown in FIG. 2, which was joined to the molded portion 65 so that the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 and the front surface 66 of the molded portion 65 faced each other.
• the specular gloss was measured as specular gloss G(20), specular gloss G(60) and specular gloss G(85).
• the specular gloss G(20) was measured according to JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 20°.
• the specular gloss G(60) was measured according to JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 60°.
• the specular gloss G(85) was measured according to JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 85°.
• Specular gloss was measured by the following method.
• the device used to measure specular gloss was a Rhopoint IQ-S manufactured by Konica Minolta.
• the measurement environment for measuring specular gloss was a temperature of 23°C ⁇ 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ⁇ 5%.
• the samples to be measured i.e., the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each Example and Comparative Example, were placed in the measurement environment for 16 hours before starting the measurement. Before measuring the specular gloss, the light source of the measuring device was turned on for 15 minutes to stabilize the output of the light source.
• the back surface 12 of the decorative member having the decorative laminate was covered with black adhesive tape.
• the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate was covered with black adhesive tape by adhering the black adhesive tape to the back surface 3b of the decorative member having the decorative laminate.
• the specular gloss G(20), specular gloss G(60), and specular gloss G(85) were measured with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 as the incident surface.
• ⁇ Total light reflectance ( RSCI )> The total light reflectance (R SCI ) of the front side surface 11 was measured for the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each Example and each Comparative Example.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) of the front side surface 11 was measured under geometrical condition c in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009.
• the reflectance Y value Y of tristimulus value XYZ
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) was measured using a spectrophotometer (model number CM-700d) manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. During the measurement, the measurement conditions, observation conditions, and measurement diameter/illumination diameter were set as follows.
• the total light reflectance (R SCI ) was measured by pressing a spectrophotometer vertically against the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 placed on a flat table.
• the measurement wavelength range of this spectrophotometer was 400 nm to 700 nm, and the measurement wavelength interval was 10 nm.
• Mode specified reflection processing mode: I+E (SCI+SCE)
• the measurement diameter/illumination diameter was selected according to the dimensions of the unit optical element 13.
• the illumination diameter is the diameter of the irradiation area of the spectrophotometer
• the measurement diameter is the diameter of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer (see Figure 8).
• the measurement diameter/illumination diameter was selected and the total light reflectance (R SCI ) was set so that, when the center of the measurement area C was aligned with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 would fall within the measurement area C.
• the smallest measurement diameter was selected from among the selectable measurement diameters.
• A, B, C, or D the design expressed by the decorative member having the decorative laminate most closely matched.
• the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 12 which have a total light reflectance (R SCI ) of 10% or more, were rated as either "A” or "B” in the sensory evaluation of the design.
• the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 7, 10, and 11, which have at least one of a specular gloss G(60) of more than 60 and a ratio G(85)/G(20) of 3 or less were rated "B" in the sensory evaluation of the design.

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