WO2024146638A2 - 一种3d打印机及其部件、换料方法 - Google Patents
一种3d打印机及其部件、换料方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024146638A2 WO2024146638A2 PCT/CN2024/070895 CN2024070895W WO2024146638A2 WO 2024146638 A2 WO2024146638 A2 WO 2024146638A2 CN 2024070895 W CN2024070895 W CN 2024070895W WO 2024146638 A2 WO2024146638 A2 WO 2024146638A2
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- Prior art keywords
- consumable
- extrusion
- nozzle
- print head
- extruder
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/35—Cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/357—Recycling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, and in particular to a 3D printer and components thereof, and a material changing method.
- the feeding mechanism includes at least one feeding mechanism, which is located between the consumable box and the print head assembly in the feeding direction and is configured to lead out the consumables in the consumable box and transport the consumables in the direction of the print head assembly.
- the feeding mechanism also includes a material guiding mechanism, which is located between the feeding mechanism and the print head assembly, or between the consumable box and the print head assembly in the feeding direction; the material guiding mechanism is configured to connect and/or switch the consumables delivered by the feeding mechanism or the consumable box, and transport the consumables to the print head assembly.
- a placement plate is provided at the upper opening of the base, and the fixing plate is fixed on the placement plate.
- the extrusion gear and the extrusion idler wheel extrude the consumables under the drive of the extrusion motor;
- the cam control mechanism comprises a cam motor, a first stopper and a cam, the driving shaft of the cam motor is connected to the cam, the cam is provided with a first stopper, and the extrusion idler wheel is arranged on the extruder wrench.
- the first stopper rotates under the action of the cam motor to squeeze and release the extruder wrench, thereby controlling the extrusion idler wheel to squeeze the extrusion gear or stay away from the extrusion gear.
- the material guiding mechanism includes a material guiding box, which is provided with a discharge hole and at least one feed hole.
- each feed hole is correspondingly provided with a feed branch channel, and multiple feed branch channels merge into a main channel, and the main channel is connected to the discharge hole.
- the material guiding mechanism also includes a consumable removing device, which includes a lever, a lever shaft and a second elastic member, one end of the second elastic member is fixed to one end of the lever, the other end of the second elastic member is connected to the material guiding box, and the lever shaft is fixed to the motor fixing bracket of the stepper motor.
- the lever is configured so that when one end thereof is pressed, the other end of the lever will drive the driven gear to separate from the driving gear, and when one end of the lever is pressed, the consumable clamped by the driven gear and the driving gear is released, and the consumable can be manually pulled out, thereby realizing the consumable removal function.
- the cutting mechanism is arranged on the printing nozzle assembly, and the cutting mechanism further comprises a first pin, a cutter handle, a cutter sleeve, a third elastic member and a second pin, and the cutter is placed in the cutter sleeve; the first pin and the second pin are rotatably connected relative to the cutter handle;
- the first pin is fixed to the housing of the print head assembly, and the first pin is provided with knurled teeth to prevent it from being loosened from the housing of the print head assembly;
- the 3D printer further comprises an X-axis transmission mechanism, a Y-axis transmission mechanism and a Z-axis motion assembly.
- the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis motion assembly are arranged on the base cover plate, and the print head assembly is configured to move toward The printing operation is performed in the direction of the print plate; under the action of the Z-axis motion assembly, the print plate moves back and forth above the print head assembly.
- the Y-axis transmission mechanism includes a Y-direction conveyor belt
- the Y-direction conveyor belt includes an upper Y-direction conveyor belt and a lower Y-direction conveyor belt
- a second placement space for placing the X-axis transmission mechanism is provided between the upper Y-direction conveyor belt and the lower Y-direction conveyor belt
- a placement through hole for placing the X-direction conveyor belt is provided on the upper Y-direction conveyor belt
- the Y-axis transmission mechanism also includes a Y-guide rail, a second fixed seat, a second rotating shaft and a second driving device, the second slider is arranged on the Y-guide rail, the Y-guide rail is fixed on the base cover, the second rotating shaft is placed in the second fixed seat, the second fixed seat is fixed on the base cover, and the Y-axis conveyor belt is provided with a third through hole for the second slider to move on the Y-guide rail; the Y-axis conveyor belt is placed between the second rotating shafts and transmits between the second rotating shafts.
- the 3D printer further comprises a material erasing mechanism, the material erasing mechanism comprises a nozzle cleaning mechanism; the material erasing mechanism further comprises a material erasing frame, the nozzle cleaning mechanism is arranged inside the material erasing frame;
- the nozzle cleaning mechanism includes a baffle plate provided with a wiping hole for the nozzle to pass through; The material is shaken off to achieve the purpose of waste cleaning.
- the wiping hole is a conical hole, and the conical bottom surface of the wiping hole is arranged in the upper surface direction of the baffle, so that the nozzle can move slightly in the conical hole relative to the conical hole, and the slight movement can be a reciprocating movement of 1mm.
- the nozzle cleaning mechanism further comprises a wiping assembly, which is used to clean the waste material on the nozzle;
- the wiping assembly comprises a cleaning hopper and a pouring port, and the pouring port is connected to the bottom of the cleaning hopper;
- a first slot is provided at the bottom of the cleaning hopper to allow the nozzle to pass through, and a material guide transition surface is provided between the first slot and the pouring port;
- the wiping component includes a brush or a rotatable cleaning member wrapped with a Teflon tube;
- the nozzle cleaning mechanism also includes a baffle, which is arranged above the wiping hole, and the area of the baffle is at least equal to the area of the wiping hole.
- the wiping mechanism also includes a waste cleaning mechanism, which is arranged at one end of the wiping frame;
- the waste cleaning mechanism includes a push rod, a push rod bracket and a push knife, the push rod bracket is fixed on the wiping frame, the push rod bracket is provided with a guide hole, a push rod is provided in the guide hole, one end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the push knife, the push knife is placed on the baffle, a fourth elastic member is sleeved on the push rod, and one end of the fourth elastic member is fixedly connected to the other end of the push rod.
- the wiping mechanism also includes a waste collection mechanism, which is arranged at the bottom of the wiping frame and away from the waste cleaning mechanism;
- the waste collection mechanism includes a gate device, and the gate device includes a gate and a driving device; or, the waste collection mechanism includes a receiving tray.
- the driving device includes a gate driving motor; or, the driving device includes a long connecting shaft, a short connecting shaft, a bearing and a torsion spring, wherein the torsion spring is sleeved on the long connecting shaft, and the gate is movably connected to the wiping machine frame through the long connecting shaft; the bearing is arranged on the short connecting shaft and at the edge of the gate, and when subjected to external force, the external force exerts a force on the gate through the bearing to open the gate.
- the print head assembly is moved to a position where it does not interfere with the wiping mechanism through the X-axis transmission mechanism and the Y-axis transmission mechanism;
- the push rod is compressed by moving the print head assembly, and the push rod drives the push knife to push the clumped consumables away, and this is repeated one or more times;
- the print head assembly is moved to a position where it does not interfere with the wiping mechanism through the X-axis transmission mechanism and the Y-axis transmission mechanism;
- the present invention provides a feeding mechanism, which is used for feeding a 3D printer that prints from bottom to top, and the feeding mechanism is configured to work according to the following method:
- the print head assembly drives the cutting mechanism to move to the fixed frame of the 3D printer under the action of the X-axis transmission mechanism and the Y-axis transmission mechanism, and cuts off the consumables by hitting the cutter handle;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a material guiding mechanism provided with a material guiding unit in Example 4.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 .
- Figure 20 is a working state diagram of the cutting mechanism in Example 7.
- Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the wiping mechanism in Example 9.
- Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the baffle in Example 9.
- Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the wiping mechanism in Example 9.
- Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the gate in Example 9.
- the feeding mechanism is configured to introduce the consumable material 6 into the printing head assembly 2;
- the 3D printer further comprises a feed port 100 , which is configured to receive the consumable material 6 outputted by the feed mechanism (ie, the material guide mechanism 5 and/or the feeding mechanism 4 ) and transport it to the print head assembly 2 for printing.
- a feed port 100 which is configured to receive the consumable material 6 outputted by the feed mechanism (ie, the material guide mechanism 5 and/or the feeding mechanism 4 ) and transport it to the print head assembly 2 for printing.
- the feeding mechanism includes at least one feeding mechanism 4 , which is located between the consumable box and the print head assembly 2 in the feeding direction and is configured to lead out the consumables 6 in the consumable box and transport the consumables in the direction of the print head assembly 2 .
- the feeding mechanism also includes a material guiding mechanism 5, which is located between the feeding mechanism 4 and the print head assembly 2, or between the consumable box and the print head assembly 2 in the feeding direction; the material guiding mechanism 5 is configured to connect and/or switch the consumables 6 delivered by the feeding mechanism 4 or the consumable box, and transport the consumables 6 to the print head assembly 2.
- this embodiment provides a 3D printer for bottom-up printing, including a print head assembly 2, a print base plate 3, a material guide mechanism 5 and at least one material feeding mechanism 4, wherein the print base plate 3 is disposed above the print head assembly 2, and the print head assembly 2 is configured to print toward the print base plate 3;
- the feeding mechanism 4 is configured to introduce the consumable material 6 into the material guiding mechanism 5;
- the material guiding mechanism 5 is configured to guide the consumable material 6 into the print head assembly 2 for printing.
- the 3D printer further comprises a base cover plate, on which a feed port 100 is arranged, and a discharge hole of the material guiding mechanism is arranged in the feed port 100 or connected to the feed port 100 .
- the base 1 and the base cover 10 are connected by snap-fit connection, sleeve connection, threaded connection or magnetic connection, and the consumable box can be placed in the base, and a consumable wheel 110 is provided in the consumable box, and consumables are wound on the consumable wheel; it can also be arranged outside the base 1 and directly fed by the feeding mechanism 4. To the feeding hole of the material guiding mechanism 5 or the printing nozzle assembly 2, the purpose of feeding is achieved.
- the base cover 10 is provided with a Z-axis motion component 7, and the printing base plate 3 is arranged on the Z-axis motion component 7 and moves back and forth above the printing nozzle assembly 2 under the action of the Z-axis motion component 7, thereby realizing the printing of the 3D printer in space; the base cover 10 is also provided with an X-axis transmission mechanism 8 and a Y-axis transmission mechanism 9, and the printing base plate 3 is arranged above the printing nozzle assembly 2.
- the printing nozzle assembly 2 performs a printing operation in the direction of the printing base plate 3 under the action of the X-axis transmission mechanism 8 and the Y-axis transmission mechanism 9, and the printing nozzle assembly 2 is changed from being traditionally arranged above the printing base plate 3 to being arranged below the printing base plate 3 and fixedly arranged on the base cover 10, which reduces the overall center of gravity of the 3D printer, can significantly improve the stability of the machine, and will not cause vibration due to high-speed printing, affect the printing quality, and limit the operating speed of the printer.
- a plurality of consumable placement spaces may be provided in the base 1, and the consumable placement spaces may be arranged in layers up and down or side by side.
- the consumable box is arranged in the base 1, which can further stabilize the body and prevent it from being hung outside and getting damp.
- a sliding door device 110 is provided on one side of the base 1 for directly replacing the consumable box. Every time a certain color needs to be replaced, the user can directly extract and replace the consumable box of the corresponding color.
- the sliding door device 110 is a device in the prior art that can realize the sliding of the door body. The specific device is not the focus of protection of this application and is not further described here.
- the feeding mechanism 4 includes a fixed plate 41, an extruder mechanism 42 and a cam control mechanism 43; the extruder mechanism 42 and the cam control mechanism 43 are both fixed to the fixed plate 41, the extruder mechanism is used to extrude the consumables to the material guide mechanism 5; the cam control mechanism 43 is used to control the clamping or loosening state of the extruder mechanism 42 to achieve control of the entry and exit of the consumables 6.
- the extruder wrench drives the extrusion idler wheel away from the extrusion gear, the consumables 6 can move forward and backward freely, and the material guide mechanism 5 starts to work, which can drive the consumables 6 to print;
- the feeding mechanism further includes a first proximity sensor, and the first proximity sensor and the cam control mechanism are respectively arranged on both sides of the extruder wrench, and the first proximity sensor is used to sense the extruder wrench.
- the extrusion motor is triggered to start working.
- a placement plate 101 is provided at the upper opening of the base 1 , and the fixing plate 41 is fixed on the placement plate 101 .
- the extruder mechanism 42 includes an extruder bracket 421, a first elastic member 422, an extruder wrench 423, an extruder motor 424 and an extruder idler 425.
- the extruder wrench 423 is disposed on the extruder bracket 421.
- the driving shaft of the extruder motor 424 is connected to the extrusion gear 426.
- the extruder bracket 421 includes a bracket bottom plate 4211, a bracket connecting portion 4212 and an extrusion channel 4213, wherein the bracket connecting portion 4212 is disposed on the bracket bottom plate 4211, and the extrusion channel 4213 is disposed on one side of the bracket connecting portion 4212, and the extrusion channel 4213 is for the extrusion consumable 6 to pass through;
- the extruder wrench 423 includes a handle portion 4231, a body portion 4232 and a placement portion 4233, wherein the handle portion 4231 and the placement portion 4233 are placed at both ends of the body portion 4232, and the body portion 4232 is provided with a seventh through hole 42321 and an eighth through hole 42322, wherein a pneumatic joint is placed in the seventh through hole 42321 for consumables to enter the extruder mechanism 42;
- a conduit 102 may be provided at both the pneumatic joint and the extrusion channel 4213 to facilitate the consumables to enter and exit the extruder mechanism 42 .
- An extrusion motor 424 is provided on the extruder bracket 421.
- a sixth through hole 4211 is provided on the extruder bracket 421.
- the driving shaft of the extrusion motor 424 passes through the sixth through hole 4211 and is connected to the extrusion motor 424.
- An extrusion idler wheel 425 is also provided on one side of the extrusion gear 426. The extrusion gear 426 and the extrusion idler wheel 425 extrude the consumable 6 under the drive of the extrusion motor 424.
- the cam control mechanism 43 includes a cam motor 431, a first stopper 432 and a cam 433.
- the driving shaft of the cam motor 431 is connected to the cam 433.
- the cam 433 is provided with a first stopper 432.
- the first stopper 432 and the cam 433 are permanently connected or non-permanently connected.
- the permanent connection includes machine screw fixation and welding.
- the extrusion idler 425 is arranged on the placement portion 4233 of the extruder wrench and is placed on one side of the extrusion gear and clamped therewith (at this time, the extruder mechanism is in the initial state, the first elastic member is not squeezed, and the extruder mechanism is in a relaxed state).
- the first stopper 432 is arranged on the other side of the extruder wrench 423.
- the first stopper 432 is in the initial state, the first elastic member is not squeezed, and the extruder mechanism is in a relaxed state, the first stopper 432 is arranged on the other side of the extruder wrench 423.
- block 432 rotates to the extruder wrench 423 (the first elastic member is squeezed and the extruder mechanism is in a clamped state), and squeezes the extruder wrench 423 toward the bracket connecting portion 4212.
- the placement portion 4233 of the extruder wrench moves away from the bracket connecting portion 4212, thereby bringing the extrusion idler wheel 425 away from the extrusion gear 426.
- the first proximity sensor senses the squeezing of the extruder wrench
- the first proximity sensor triggers the extrusion motor 424 to start working.
- the extrusion gear 426 extrude the consumable 6 under the drive of the extrusion motor 424.
- the cam motor 431 rotates to other positions, the extruder wrench 423 returns to its original position under the action of the first elastic member 422.
- a first proximity sensor 427 is provided at the handle of the extruder wrench 423.
- the first proximity sensor is arranged at the extruder wrench, and is respectively arranged on both sides of the extruder wrench with the cam control mechanism.
- the first proximity sensor 427 is used to sense the extruder wrench.
- the cam motor is triggered to stop working.
- the rotation of the cam motor is controlled by detecting the state of the first proximity sensor 427, thereby controlling the extruder to be squeezed or moved away by the extrusion idler wheel 425.
- the feeding mechanism 4 also includes a consumable detection mechanism 44, which is used to detect whether there is a consumable 6 in the extrusion channel 4213.
- the consumable detection mechanism 44 includes a second proximity sensor, which is used to sense the consumable. When the consumable 6 cannot be sensed, the extrusion motor is triggered to stop working, and at the same time, an error message indicating that the consumable is exhausted or the material is broken is triggered.
- This embodiment provides a working process of a feeding mechanism, including: in an initial state, the extruder mechanism 42 is in a relaxed state, the first stopper 432 is away from the extruder wrench 423, and the extrusion idler wheel arranged on the extruder wrench squeezes the extrusion gear 426;
- the first stopper 432 squeezes the handle portion 4231 of the extruder wrench, so that the extruder mechanism is in a clamped state.
- the extruder wrench drives the extrusion idler gear away from the extrusion gear 426.
- the first proximity sensor senses the extrusion extruder wrench
- the first proximity sensor triggers the extrusion motor 424 to start working.
- the first proximity sensor consumable is inserted from the pneumatic joint. Under the action of the extrusion motor 424, the consumable 6 is driven to be extruded from the extrusion channel port 4213, and the consumable 6 is sent to the feed hole 51 of the material guide mechanism 5 to achieve the purpose of feeding.
- the first stopper 432 is driven by the cam motor shaft to move away from the handle portion 4231 of the extruder wrench, so that the extruder The discharge mechanism is in a relaxed state, and the extruder wrench drives the extrusion idler wheel to extrude the extrusion gear 426.
- the extrusion motor 424 is triggered to stop working. At this time, the extrusion idler wheel and the extrusion gear 426 clamp the consumable 6 to stop feeding.
- the present embodiment provides a material guiding mechanism 5, which is located between the feeding mechanism 4 and the print head assembly 2, or between the consumable box and the print head assembly 2 in the feeding direction; the material guiding mechanism 5 is configured to connect and/or switch the consumables 6 delivered by the feeding mechanism 4 or the consumable box, and transport the consumables 6 to the print head assembly 2.
- the material guide mechanism 5 includes a material guide box 50, on which a discharge hole 52 and at least one feed hole 51 are provided.
- each feed hole 51 is provided with a corresponding feed sub-channel 53, and multiple feed sub-channels converge into a main channel 54, and the main channel 54 is connected to the discharge hole 52.
- the feed sub-channel 53 has a certain angle of curvature for guiding the consumables 6.
- two feed sub-channels 53 may converge into one channel first and then converge with other feed sub-channels, or three feed sub-channels may converge into one channel and then converge with other feed sub-channels, and finally all feed sub-channels converge into the main channel 54.
- the material guiding mechanism 5 also includes a material guiding unit 55, which is arranged at the main channel 54, and the material guiding unit 55 includes a stepping motor 551, a driving gear 552 and a driven gear 553.
- the stepping motor 551 is connected to the driving gear 552, and the driving gear 552 drives the consumable material 6 forward and backward under the drive of the stepping motor 551 and the cooperation of the driven gear 553;
- the material guiding unit 55 also includes a motor fixing bracket 5510 of the stepping motor 551, and the motor fixing bracket 5510 is fixed to the material guiding box 50.
- the material guide unit 55 further includes a driven gear shaft 5531, and the driven gear 553 is coaxially nested in the driven gear shaft 5531.
- the gear shaft 5531 can rotate freely, and the driven gear shaft 5531 is fixed on the motor fixing bracket 5510.
- each of the feed sub-channels 53 is provided with a consumables reading device for reading whether there are consumables in the feed sub-channel and reading the color, size and/or material of the consumables.
- the specific consumables reading device determines which feed sub-channel has completed pre-loading of consumables, triggers the feed sub-channel with consumables, and controls the extrusion motor and stepper motor corresponding to the corresponding feed sub-channel to work synchronously, and sends the corresponding color/material of the material to the hot end for printing.
- the consumables reading device includes a CCD sensor or an optical fiber color sensor for reading the color of the consumables and/or an RGB camera or a depth camera capable of reading the diameter of the consumables.
- each of the feed sub-channels 53 is provided with a fourth through hole 531, a second stop block 532 is placed in the fourth through hole 531, and a consumable reading device 56 is correspondingly provided at the second stop block 532, and the consumable reading device 56 is used to control the synchronous operation of the extrusion motor 424 and the stepping motor 551;
- a second baffle 533 is also fixedly connected to the material guide box where the fourth through hole 531 is provided, and a fifth elastic member 534 is sleeved on the second stop block 532; a connecting end of the fifth elastic member 534 is fixed to the second baffle 533; and a tenth through hole 5331 is provided on the second baffle 533.
- the second stopper 532 includes a first protruding end 5321 and a second protruding end 5322.
- the first protruding end 5321 can be placed in the feed sub-channel 53 through the fourth through hole 531; the second protruding end 5322 can contact the consumable reading device 56 through the tenth through hole 5331 for induction.
- the consumable material reading device 56 includes a limit switch, which may be a photoelectric switch, a mechanical switch or a Hall switch.
- the consumable 6 When the consumable 6 enters the feed channel 53, the consumable 6 pushes out the second stopper 532, and the second stopper 532 contacts the consumable reading device 56 through the tenth through hole 5331 to sense and read the consumable.
- the stepper motor 551 is triggered to work synchronously with the extrusion motor 424; when another consumable needs to be replaced, the extrusion motor and stepper motor corresponding to the previous feed channel need to move in the opposite direction, and the consumable of the feed channel needs to be withdrawn to a position where the consumable reading device 56 cannot read; the extrusion motor of the feeding mechanism corresponding to the other consumable inputs the required consumable into the other feed channel; the consumable reading device corresponding to the other feed channel reads the consumable, and triggers the corresponding extrusion motor and stepper motor to work synchronously, and inputs the consumable into the hot end through the driving gear to start printing.
- the material guiding mechanism 5 also includes a consumable material removing device 57, which includes a lever 571, a lever shaft 572 and a second elastic member 573, one end of the second elastic member 573 is fixed to one end of the lever 571, the other end of the second elastic member 573 is connected to the material guiding box 50, the lever shaft 572 is fixed to the motor fixing bracket of the stepping motor 551, and the lever 571 is configured so that when one end thereof is pressed, the other end of the lever 571 will drive the driven gear 553 to separate from the driving gear.
- a consumable material removing device 57 which includes a lever 571, a lever shaft 572 and a second elastic member 573, one end of the second elastic member 573 is fixed to one end of the lever 571, the other end of the second elastic member 573 is connected to the material guiding box 50, the lever shaft 572 is fixed to the motor fixing bracket of the stepping motor 551, and the lever 571 is configured so that when one end thereof is pressed, the other end
- This embodiment provides a working process of a material guiding mechanism 5, including:
- the extrusion motor of the feeding mechanism inputs the required consumables into the feeding channel
- the consumables reading device corresponding to the feed sub-channel reads the consumables.
- the second stopper 532 in the corresponding feed sub-channel 53 will be lifted up, and then the second stopper 532 triggers the consumables reading device 56, and the consumables reading device 56 controls the extrusion.
- the motor 424 and the stepper motor 551 work synchronously, so that the consumables 6 of various colors are output from the discharge port 52 to the hot end as required, and the consumables are input to the hot end through the driving gear to start printing;
- the extrusion motor corresponding to the previous feed channel and the stepper motor in the material guide mechanism need to move in the opposite direction, and the consumable of the feed channel needs to be withdrawn to the position where the consumable reading device reads that there is no consumable;
- the consumable reading device corresponding to the other feed sub-channel reads the consumable.
- the second stopper 532 in the corresponding feed sub-channel 53 will be lifted up, and then the second stopper 532 triggers the consumable reading device 56.
- the consumable reading device 56 controls the extrusion motor 424 and the stepper motor 551 to work synchronously.
- the other consumable 6 is output from the discharge port 52 to the hot end, and the consumable is input to the hot end through the driving gear to start printing.
- This embodiment provides a transmission mechanism, which includes an X-axis transmission mechanism, a Y-axis transmission mechanism and a Z-axis motion assembly.
- the base cover is provided with an X-axis transmission mechanism, a Y-axis transmission mechanism and a Z-axis motion assembly
- the print head assembly is configured to perform printing operations toward the print base plate under the action of the X-axis transmission mechanism and the Y-axis transmission mechanism, and the print base plate moves back and forth above the print head assembly under the action of the Z-axis motion assembly.
- the Y-axis transmission mechanism 9 includes a Y-direction conveyor belt 91, and the Y-direction conveyor belt 91 includes an upper Y-direction conveyor belt 911 and a lower Y-direction conveyor belt 912.
- a placement space 913 for placing the X-axis transmission mechanism 8 is provided between the upper Y-direction conveyor belt 911 and the lower Y-direction conveyor belt 912, and a placement through hole 914 for placing the X-direction conveyor belt 8 is provided on the upper Y-direction conveyor belt 911;
- the upper Y-direction conveyor belt 911 may not be connected to the place where the X-direction conveyor belt 81 is placed, and the upper Y-direction conveyor belts 911 on both sides of the X-direction conveyor belt 81 are respectively connected to the first fixed seat, so that the X-direction conveyor belt 81 and the Y-direction conveyor belt 91 do not contact each other, and a gap is provided between the X-direction conveyor belt 81 and the upper Y-
- the upper Y-direction conveyor belt 911 and the lower Y-direction conveyor belt 912 are both parallel to the horizontal plane.
- the Y-axis conveyor belt 91 can be a parallelogram; in addition, the placement positions of the second rotating shafts are also staggered, so that the second fixed seat can be better placed.
- the first driving device is used to drive the first rotating shaft 85 to rotate or drive the X-direction conveyor belt 81 to convey.
- the first driving device can be a motor, which directly drives the first rotating shaft 85 to drive the X-direction conveyor belt 81 to transmit, because the print head assembly 2 is placed on the X-direction conveyor belt 81, and can move in the X direction with the X-direction conveyor belt 81;
- the first driving device can be a combination of a synchronous belt 86, a synchronous wheel 87 and a fourth motor 88, the synchronous belt is fixed to the print head assembly 2, the synchronous belt is wound around the synchronous wheel, the synchronous wheel is connected to the fourth motor 88, and under the drive of the fourth motor 88, the print head assembly 2 is driven by the synchronous belt to move back and forth in the X direction, the print head assembly 2 is placed on the X-direction conveyor belt 81, and the X-direction conveyor belt 81 also moves accordingly.
- the process of cutting is:
- the print nozzle assembly 2 includes a nozzle mechanism, a heat sink 230, a housing 240, a second extruder motor 250, a print fixing plate 26, etc.
- the nozzle mechanism includes a hot end (heater) and a nozzle 27.
- a second extruder motor 250 is provided at the bottom of the print fixing plate 26.
- the nozzle can be connected to the second extruder motor 250 and can be translated under the drive of the second extruder motor 250.
- the entire print nozzle assembly 2 can be moved under the action of the X-axis transmission mechanism and the Y-axis transmission mechanism.
- the second extruder motor 250 only drives the consumables to move to the hot end.
- a notch is provided on the print fixing plate.
- the nozzle cleaning mechanism also includes a wiping component, and the wiping component is used to clean the waste material on the nozzle;
- the entire eraser assembly 23 is movably arranged on one side of the print head assembly.
- the second extruder motor 250 drives the print head to move horizontally, it can drive the print head to move toward or away from the eraser assembly 23.
- the first slot 2311 is arranged above the plane where the print head is located or part of the print head can be moved into the first slot 2311.
- the first slot 2311 is located on the first inclined surface 234 and the first plane 235. Since the print head is inclined upward and partially protrudes from the printing platform, the first slot 2311 part located on the first inclined surface 234 can accommodate the height of the print head, so that it can smoothly enter the first slot. Then the first slot part located on the first plane 235 is close to the print head and can receive the residual material extruded from the print head. This material receiving process can also be said to be a kind of scraping of the extruded residual material.
- the wiping mechanism may only include a wiping frame and a nozzle cleaning mechanism, and the nozzle drives the baffle to slide back and forth to directly shake off the waste, thereby achieving the purpose of waste cleaning; the wiping mechanism may also include a wiping frame, a nozzle cleaning mechanism and a waste cleaning mechanism 224, and the waste cleaning mechanism 224 is used to clean the waste processed by the nozzle cleaning mechanism; the wiping mechanism may also include a wiping frame, a nozzle cleaning mechanism, a waste cleaning mechanism 224 and a waste collecting mechanism 225, and the nozzle cleaning mechanism 223, the waste cleaning mechanism 224 and the waste collecting mechanism 225
- the material collecting mechanism 225 is arranged on the erasing frame 221; the nozzle cleaning mechanism 223 is arranged inside the erasing frame 221, the waste cleaning mechanism 224 is arranged at one end of the erasing frame 221, and the waste collecting mechanism 225 is arranged at the bottom of the erasing frame 221 and away from the waste cleaning mechanism 224; the nozzle cleaning
- a first connecting end 2511 is provided on one side of the gate 251
- a third connecting hole 2512 is provided in the first connecting end 2511
- a second connecting end 2513 is provided on the other side of the gate 251
- the second connecting end 2513 is arranged at the end of the gate 251
- a fourth connecting hole 2514 is provided in the second connecting end 2513
- a fifth connecting hole matching the third connecting hole 2512 is provided on the wiping machine frame 221, and the long connecting shaft 252 and the torsion spring 255 are placed in the third connecting hole 2512 and the fifth connecting hole for active movement.
- the movable connecting gate 251; the bearing 254 is arranged on the short connecting shaft 253, and the short connecting shaft 253 is arranged in the fourth connecting hole 2514.
- the driving device may be a gate driving motor, which directly drives the gate to open and close.
- the receiving tray 24 can also be directly set on the print head assembly, and the receiving tray 24 can be installed on the shell of the print head assembly through screws and other connectors to achieve a fixed connection between the receiving tray and the print head assembly; in addition, magnets with opposite charges that attract each other can be installed on the shell and the receiving tray 24, respectively, and fixed by the magnetism of the magnets; in this way, the receiving tray 24 can move simultaneously with the print head.
- the receiving tray 24 is provided with a second slot 242, and the second slot 242 should be sufficient to allow the print head to pass through.
- the method further includes: compressing the push rod 2241 by moving the print head assembly 2, and the push rod 2241 drives the push knife to push away the clumped consumables, and repeating this process once or multiple times;
- the wiping mechanism 22 is lifted from the base cover to a position between the printing base plate 3 and the nozzle and does not interfere with the printed model. If it is set in the placement hole 103, it can be directly lifted to a position between the printing base plate 3 and the nozzle and does not interfere with the printed model;
- the wiping mechanism 22 descends to the print head assembly 2, and compresses the push rod 2241 by moving the print head assembly 2.
- the push rod 2241 drives the push knife 2243 to push away the clumped consumables 6, and this process is repeated three times.
- the camera on the device can determine whether the model is damaged and whether the nozzle has moved to the position where printing should start.
- the print head assembly 2 drives the cutting mechanism 21 to move to the fixed frame 104 of the 3D printer under the action of the X-axis transmission mechanism 8 and the Y-axis transmission mechanism 9, and cuts off the consumables by striking the cutter handle 212;
- step 4) to step 6) are running, the wiping mechanism described in claim 20 or 21 is used to carry out wiping treatment.
- the printing base plate 3 is provided with a temperature-sensitive color-changing heating plate, which includes a substrate, a color-changing layer and an adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer is used to help the support to adhere and/or prevent slipping.
- the color-changing layer includes a thermosensitive reversible color-changing material, a mixture of a thermosensitive reversible color-changing material and PEI plastic powder or PC plastic powder. The mixing ratio of the thermosensitive reversible color-changing material and the PEI plastic powder or PC plastic powder is 1:1%-10%.
- the preparation method of the heating plate comprises:
- thermochromic ink on the substrate by coating or printing.
- the coating or printing can be applied to the entire plate, or to a partial area or in a specific shape to convey information; for example, applying to the user's hand holding position
- thermochromic ink
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Abstract
本发明涉及3D打印机技术领域,提供一种3D打印机及其部件、换料方法,包括打印喷头组件、打印底板和进料机构,所述进料机构被配置为用于将耗材引入所述打印喷头组件;所述打印喷头组件被配置为能够在打印底板上从下向上进行打印。所述打印喷头组件位于打印底板的下方,所述打印喷头组件被配置为朝打印底板方向喷出耗材进行打印。打印喷头组件整体通过X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构固定在基座盖板上运动,且打印底板设置在打印喷头组件的上方,打印喷头向上喷出耗材粘附在打印底板上,这种结构降低了3D打印机整体的重心,能显著提升机器的稳定性,不会因高速打印造成振动影响打印质量以及限制打印机速度。
Description
本发明涉及3D打印机技术领域,尤其涉及一种3D打印机及其部件、换料方法。
传统的基于“熔融沉积成型”(FDM/FFF)原理的3D打印机,包括运动组件、打印喷头、打印底板等,其中,打印喷头始终位于打印底板的上方,将打印物(如塑料)依赖重力“沉积”在打印底板上从上向下进行打印。但是,不管是XY运动平面固定在高处、打印底板Z轴向下运动,还是打印底板Z轴向固定、打印喷头向上运动,机器整体重心较高,在高速打印时容易产生振动,振动会让打印机不稳定,影响打印质量,也限制了打印机速度的提升。
本发明提出一种倒立打印的方式旨在解决上述问题,通过将喷头设置方向朝上,将加热的耗材以重力方向相反的方向“喷射”到打印底板上,倒立式3D打印机的擦料问题、供料问题、导料问题无法采用与传统的3D打印机相同的方式实施,也有待本领域技术人员进行解决。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供一种3D打印机,包括打印喷头组件、打印底板和进料机构,
所述进料机构被配置为用于将耗材引入所述打印喷头组件;
所述打印喷头组件被配置为能够在打印底板上从下向上进行打印。
进一步的,所述打印喷头组件位于打印底板的下方,所述打印喷头组件被配置为朝打印底板方向喷出耗材进行打印。
进一步的,所述3D打印机还包括进料口,所述进料口被配置为接收进料机构(即导料机构和/或送料机构)输出的耗材并输送至打印喷头组件处用于打印。
进一步的,所述进料机构包括至少一个送料机构,所述送料机构在进料方向上位于耗材盒和打印喷头组件之间,被配置为用于引出耗材盒内的耗材并向打印喷头组件的方向输送耗材。
进一步的,所述进料机构还包括导料机构,导料机构在进料方向上位于送料机构和打印喷头组件之间,或耗材盒和打印喷头组件之间;导料机构被配置为对送料机构或耗材盒送出的耗材进行衔接和/或切换,将耗材输送至打印喷头组件处。
优选的,所述3D打印机还包括基座盖板和基座,进料口设置在所述基座盖板上,所述导料机构的出料孔设置在进料口内或与进料口连接。
进一步的,所述送料机构包括固定板、挤出机机构和凸轮控制机构;所述挤出机机构和凸轮控制机构均固定在固定板上,所述挤出机机构用于将耗材挤出送至导料机构处;所述凸轮控制机构用于控制挤出机机构夹紧或放松状态,控制的耗材进出。
优选的,所述基座的上开口处设有放置板,所述固定板固定在放置板上。
进一步的,所述挤出机机构包括挤出机支架、第一弹性件和挤出机扳手,所述挤出机扳手设置在挤出机支架上,所述挤出机支架包括支架连接部和挤出通道,所述支架连接部和挤出机扳手之间连接有第一弹性件;所述挤出机支架上设有挤
出电机,挤出电机的驱动轴连接挤出齿轮,挤出齿轮一侧还设有挤出惰轮,在挤出电机的驱动下挤出齿轮和挤出惰轮将耗材挤出;所述凸轮控制机构包括凸轮电机、第一挡块和凸轮,所述凸轮电机的驱动轴与所述凸轮连接,所述凸轮上设有第一挡块,所述挤出惰轮设置在挤出机扳手上,第一挡块在凸轮电机的作用下转动对挤出机扳手的挤压与释放,从而控制挤出惰轮挤压挤出齿轮或远离挤出齿轮。
进一步的,所述送料机构还包括耗材检测机构以及第一接近传感器,所述耗材检测机构用于检测挤出通道内是否有耗材;所述第一接近传感器与凸轮控制机构分别设置在挤出机扳手的两侧,所述第一接近传感器用于感应所述挤出机扳手,当第一接近传感器感应到挤出机扳手则触发挤出电机开始工作。
进一步的,所述导料机构包括导料盒,所述导料盒上设有一个出料孔和至少一个进料孔,当进料孔多于一个时,每个进料孔对应设有一个进料分通道,多个进料分通道汇成一个总通道,所述总通道与出料孔连接。
进一步的,所述导料机构还包括导料单元,所述导料单元设置在所述总通道处,所述导料单元包括步进电机、主动齿轮和从动齿轮,所述步进电机和主动齿轮连接,所述主动齿轮在所述步进电机的驱动以及从动齿轮的配合下带动耗材进退;每个所述进料分通道上均设有耗材读取装置,用于读取进料分通道内是否存在耗材以及读取耗材的颜色、尺寸和/或材质。具体的,耗材读取装置是判读哪个进料分通道内的耗材已经完成预装载,触发有耗材的进料分通道,并控制对应进料分通道所对应的挤出电机和步进电机同步工作,将对应颜色/材质的料送到热端处进行打印。
所述耗材读取装置包括读取耗材颜色的CCD传感器或光纤颜色传感器和/或能够读取耗材直径的RGB相机或深度相机。
进一步的,所述导料机构还包括耗材移除装置,所述耗材移除装置包括杠杆、杠杆轴和第二弹性件,所述第二弹性件的一端与所述杠杆的一端固定,所述第二弹性件的另一端与导料盒连接,杠杆轴固定在步进电机的电机固定支架上,所述杠杆被配置为当其一端被按压时,杠杆的另一端将带动从动齿轮与主动齿轮分离,当按压杠杆的一端时,从动齿轮和主动齿轮夹紧的耗材被放松,可以手动抽出耗材,从而实现耗材移除功能。
进一步的,所述3D打印机还包括切料机构,所述切料机构包括至少一个可活动的切刀,被配置为用于切断打印喷头组件上的耗材。
进一步的,切料机构设置在所述打印喷头组件上,所述切料机构还包括第一销钉、切刀刀柄、刀套、第三弹性件和第二销钉,切刀放置在刀套内;所述第一销钉和第二销钉相对于切刀刀柄可转动连接;
优选的,所述第一销钉固定在打印喷头组件的外壳上,所述第一销钉上设有滚花齿纹,防止从打印喷头组件的外壳上松脱;
所述切刀刀柄上设有用于放置刀套的第一放置空间、第一连接孔和第六连接,设置第一放置空间的切刀刀柄处设有活动槽,所述第一销钉置于第一连接孔内并与打印喷头组件固定连接,所述第二销钉置于第六连接孔内并与打印喷头组件固定连接;所述第三弹性件套设在第二销钉上,所述放置刀套通过连接轴在所述活动槽内活动;切刀刀柄被配置为在外力的撞击下压缩第三弹性件,第三弹性件被压缩到极限时完成切割。
进一步的,3D打印机还包括X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构和Z轴运动组件,具体是,X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构和Z轴运动组件设置在所述基座盖板上,所述打印喷头组件被配置为在X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构的作用下朝向
打印底板的方向进行打印操作;在Z轴运动组件的作用下,打印底板在打印喷头组件的上方往返运动。
进一步的,所述Y轴传动机构包括Y向传送带,所述Y向传送带包括上层Y向传送带和下层Y向传送带,所述上层Y向传送带和下层Y向传送带间设有供X轴传动机构放置的第二放置空间,所述上层Y向传送带上设有X向传送带放置的放置通孔;
所述Y轴传动机构还包括Y向导轨、第二固定座、第二转轴和第二驱动装置,所述第二滑块设置在Y向导轨上,Y向导轨固定在所述基座盖板上,所述第二转轴放置在第二固定座内,所述第二固定座固定在基座盖板上,所述Y向传送带上设有供第二滑块在Y向导轨移动的第三通孔;所述Y向传送带放置在第二转轴之间,并在第二转轴之间传送。
进一步的,所述X轴传动机构置于所述Y向传送带内,所述X轴传动机构包括X向传送带、X向导轨和第一滑块,所述第一滑块设置在所述X向导轨上,所述第一滑块与所述打印喷头组件固定连接,所述X向传送带上设有供打印喷头组件通过的第一通孔以及供第一滑块在X向导轨移动的第二通孔;
所述X轴传动机构还包括支撑柱和第二滑块,所述支撑柱分别与第二滑块和X向导轨固定,所述X向导轨在所述支撑柱和第二滑块的作用下沿Y向运动。
进一步的,所述3D打印机还包括擦料机构,所述擦料机构被配置为用于去除打印喷头组件上的多余耗材。
进一步的,所述3D打印机还包括擦料机构,所述擦料机构包括喷头清理机构;所述擦料机构还包括擦料机架,所述喷头清理机构设置在擦料机架内部;
所述喷头清理机构包括挡板上设有供喷头通过的擦料孔;在喷头移动时将废
料抖下去,实现废料清理的目的。
进一步的,所述擦料孔为锥形孔,所述擦料孔的锥形底面设置在挡板的上表面方向,可供喷头在所述锥形孔内相对锥形孔轻微移动,轻微移动可以是往返移动1mm。
进一步的,所述喷头清理机构还包括擦料组件,所述擦料组件用于清理喷头上的废料;所述擦料组件包括清除料斗和倾倒口,所述倾倒口连接在所述清除料斗的下方;所述清除料斗底部设有能够允许喷头穿过的第一开槽,所述第一开槽和所述倾倒口之间设有导料过渡面;
或,所述擦料组件包括毛刷或外包特氟龙管的可旋转的清理件;
所述清理件或毛刷固定在推杆支架上,且设置在推刀上方;或当喷头在擦料孔内移动时,喷头上的废料可通过所述清理件蹭掉。
进一步的,所述喷头清理机构还包括挡片,所述挡片设置在擦料孔的上方,所述挡片的面积至少等于擦料孔的面积。
进一步的,所述擦料机构还包括废料清理机构,所述废料清理机构设置在擦料机架的一端部;所述废料清理机构包括推杆、推杆支架和推刀,所述推杆支架固定在擦料机架上,所述推杆支架上设有导向孔,所述导向孔内设有推杆,所述推杆的一端与所述推刀固定连接,所述推刀放置在挡板上,所述推杆上套设有第四弹性件,所述第四弹性件的一端与所述推杆的另一端固定连接。
所述擦料机构还包括废料收集机构,所述废料收集机构设置在擦料机架的底部且远离废料清理机构;
所述废料收集机构包括闸门装置,所述闸门装置包括闸门和驱动装置;或,所述废料收集机构包括接料盘。
所述驱动装置包括闸门驱动电机;或,所述驱动装置包括长连接轴、短连接轴、轴承和扭簧,所述扭簧套设在长连接轴上,通过长连接轴将闸门与擦料机架活动连接;轴承设置在短连接轴上,并设置在闸门的边沿处,当受到外力作用时,外力通过轴承给闸门一个作用力将闸门打开。
本发明提供一种擦料机构,所述擦料机构用于对一种自下而上打印的3D打印机进行擦料处理,当擦料机构的最低平面被配置为在喷头的顶部所在的平面或略低于喷头底部所在平面(即保证喷头可以穿过擦料孔),所述擦料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:
(1)打印喷头组件中的喷头通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构运动至挡板上的擦料孔正下方;
(2)喷头加热,将需要擦除的耗材从喷头喷出距离D,
(3)当喷头喷耗材从喷头喷出距离D后,喷头向擦料组件方向移动,擦料组件将喷头上的残料刮或擦干净,喷头回位,往复运行一次或多次,最后回到原位置,在此过程中因为喷头套在挡板上的擦料孔里,因而会带动挡板往复运动;
(4)打印喷头组件通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构移动至不与擦料机构发生干涉的位置;
(5)将废料收集机构内的废料清理;
(6)打印喷头组件到待打印的位置正下方。
进一步的,在废料清理之前还包括:
通过移动打印喷头组件压缩推杆,推杆带动推刀将成团的耗材推开,如此往复一次或多次;
打印喷头组件移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置,推杆在第四弹性件
的作用下恢复原位置。
本发明提供一种擦料机构,所述擦料机构用于对一种自下而上打印的3D打印机进行擦料处理,当所述擦料机构设有升降机构时,所述擦料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:
(1)将打印底板抬升,使打印喷头组件和打印的模型之间有一定安全距离;
(2)通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构将喷头移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置;
(3)擦料机构抬升至位于打印底板与喷头之间,且不与打印的模型发生干涉的位置;
(4)打印喷头组件中喷头通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构运动至擦料孔的正下方;
(5)擦料机构下降,使擦料孔套住喷头尖端;
(6)喷头加热,将需要擦除的耗材从喷头尖端喷出距离D;
(7)当喷头喷耗材从喷头喷出距离D后,喷头向擦料组件方向移动,擦料组件将喷头上的残料刮或擦干净,喷头回位,往复运行一次或多次;
(8)擦料机构抬升至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置;
(9)打印喷头组件通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构移动至不与擦料机构发生干涉的位置;
(10)擦料机构下降到打印喷头组件处,通过移动打印喷头组件压缩推杆,推杆带动推刀将废料推开,如此往复一次或多次;
(11)打印喷头组件移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置,推杆也在第四弹性件的作用下恢复原位置;
(12)将废料收集机构内的废料清理;
(13)打印喷头组件到待打印的位置正下方;
(14)打印底板下降至待打印的位置,继续打印。
本发明提供一种送料机构,所述送料机构用于对一种自下而上打印的3D打印机进行送料机构,所述送料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:
初始状态,挤出机机构处于放松的状态,第一挡块远离挤出机扳手,设置在所述挤出机扳手上的挤出惰轮挤压所述挤出齿轮;
进行送料时,所述送料机构的具体流程为:
第一挡块在凸轮电机轴的带动下挤压挤出机扳手的手柄部,使挤出机机构处于夹紧的状态,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮远离挤出齿轮,当第一接近传感器感应到挤压挤出机扳手时,第一接近传感器触发挤出电机开始工作,耗材从气动接头处插入,在挤出电机的作用下带动耗材从挤出通道口挤出,将耗材送至导料机构的进料孔处,实现送料的目的;
停止送料的具体流程为:
第一挡块在凸轮电机轴的带动下远离挤出机扳手的手柄部,使挤出机机构处于放松的状态,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮挤压所述挤出齿轮,当第一接近传感器无法感应到挤压挤出机扳手时触发挤出电机停止工作,此时挤出惰轮和所述挤出齿轮将耗材夹紧实现停止送料的目的。
本发明提供一种导料机构,所述导料机构用于对一种自下而上打印的3D打印机进行导料,导料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:
一、送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至进料分通道;
二、进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,并触发挤出电机
和步进电机同步工作,通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印;
三、当需要更换另一耗材时,需将上一进料分通道所对应的挤出电机与导料机构中的步进电机反向运动,将其进料分通道耗材退出至耗材读取装置读取无耗材位置处;
四、另一耗材所对应的送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至另一进料分通道;
五、另一进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,并触发其对应的挤出电机和步进电机同步工作,通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印。耗材读取装置耗材读取装置进一步的,当导料机构出现故障时,手动按压杠杆的一端,所述杠杆的另一端将带动从动齿轮顶起,从动齿轮、耗材和主动齿轮分离,将耗材抽出导料机构,进行维修。
本发明提供一种自下而上打印的3D打印机的换料方法,所述换料方法适用于3D打印机,换料方法包括:
1)打印喷头组件在X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构的作用下带动切料机构移动至3D打印机的固定架处,通过撞击切刀刀柄将耗材切断;
2)进料分通道所对应的挤出电机与导料机构中的步进电机以及第二挤出电机反向运动,将其进料分通道内的耗材退出至耗材读取装置读取无耗材位置处或其对应送料机构的挤出齿轮侧;
3)触发凸轮控制机构的凸轮电机转动从而带动第一挡块远离挤出机扳手,挤出机扳手上的挤出惰轮挤压挤出齿轮将耗材夹紧,同时第一接近传感器触发挤出电机停止工作;
4)送料机构的挤出齿轮反向转动将耗材回退;
5)通过另一套送料机构的凸轮控制机构的凸轮电机转动带动第一挡块挤压挤出机扳手,并通过对应的第一接近传感器触发挤出电机开始工作,将另一耗材送到对应的送料机构的进料分通道;
6)进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对另一耗材进行读取,并触发挤出电机、步进电机和第二挤出电机同步工作,将另一耗材送到喷头侧,继续打印;
7)利用权利要求20或21中所述的擦料机构进行擦料处理,与此同时第二挤出电机排出切断耗材后残留的耗材,并额外挤出长度为d的耗材,d大于等于0mm;或,步骤4)-步骤6)运行的同时,利用权利要求20或21中所述的擦料机构进行擦料处理。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明中的打印喷头组件整体通过X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构固定在基座盖板上运动,且打印底板设置在打印喷头组件的上方,打印喷头向上喷出耗材粘附在打印底板上,这种结构降低了3D打印机整体的重心,能显著提升机器的稳定性,不会因高速打印造成振动影响打印质量以及限制打印机的运行速度;
(2)本发明的打印喷头组件安装在X轴传动机构上并固定基座盖板上,由于热空气具有上升的特性,能够显著降低3D打印机腔体的控温难度,让打印模型能够更慢地冷却,避免温度变化过大导致塑料收缩明显;
(3)本发明的上层Y向传送带和下层Y向传送带间设有供X轴传动机构放置的放置空间,所述上层Y向传送带上设有X向传送带放置的放置通孔,Y向传送带将X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构的运行部件均遮挡起来,另外基座盖板上还设有保护罩,仅将打印喷头组件运行的范围漏出,更进一步的将X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构的运行部件均遮挡起来,这样既能防止废料掉落阻挡运
行部件损坏部件,又能避免使用者误触运动部件发生危险的情况;
(4)本发明设有的送料机构通过凸轮电机的旋转带动第一挡块对挤出机机构进行夹紧或放松状态控制,进而实现对耗材进出的控制,本发明中的送料机构简单,应用灵活,可根据需求设置,通过送料机构将不同的耗材送至热端处或导料机构处达到换料的目的,从而实现多色3D打印;
(5)本发明设有切料机构,可将喷头上原有的耗材切掉,从而不影响后续再次使用该耗材时发生进料卡顿、堵头等情况;
(6)本发明设有的擦料机构,包括升降机构、喷头清理机构、废料清理机构和废料收集机构,通过喷头清理机构将的废料蹭掉的同时,通过推杆推动推刀将废料推至废料收集机构内,对废料进行了及时的收集,另外废料收集机构采用机械的方式实现对闸门的控制,提升了整个机构的可靠性,为倒立式3D打印机的溢料问题和喷头清洁提供了一种行之有效的解决方案;
(7)本发明的打印底板上设有温感变色的加热板,通过加热板显示出特定颜色以警示用户,让用户直观感受加热板当前温度,避免烫伤,同时加热板表面上设有黏附层,能满足黏附或防滑的需求。
图1是实施例1的整体结构示意图。
图2是实施例1的基座外部结构示意图。
图3是实施例1中耗材从耗材轮到导料机构的示意图。
图4是实施例2中送料机构的放置位置示意图。
图5是实施例2中送料机构的示意图。
图6是图5的详细说明图。
图7是实施例2中挤出机支架的示意图。
图8是实施例2中挤出机扳手的示意图。
图9是实施例4中三进一出的导料机构示意图。
图10是实施例4中设有导料单元的导料机构示意图。
图11是图10的侧视图。
图12是图10的剖面图。
图13是实施例4中第二挡块的示意图。
图14是实施例6中的X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构的放置示意图。
图15是实施例6中Y轴传动机构示意图。
图16是实施例6中X轴传动机构示意图。
图17是实施例6中Z轴传动机构示意图。
图18是实施例7中切料机构示意图。
图19是实施例7中切料机构的示意图。
图20是实施例7中切料机构的工作状态图。
图21是实施例8中的打印喷头组件与切料机构的固定连接示意图。
图22是实施例9中擦料机构的示意图。
图23是图22的详细说明图。
图24是实施例9中挡板的示意图。
图25是实施例9中带有擦料组件的打印喷头组件示意图。
图26是图25的另一视图。
图27是实施例9中擦料组件的示意图
图28是实施例9中擦料机构的放置示意图。
图29是实施例9中的闸门的示意图。
图30是实施例9中带有打印喷头组件的接料盘示意图。
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细描述,应当指出的是,实施例只是对发明的具体阐述,不应视为对发明的限定,实施例的目的是为了让本领域技术人员更好地理解和再现本发明的技术方案,本发明的保护范围仍应当以权利要求书所限定的范围为准。
除非另作定义,本申请所涉及的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请所属技术领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本申请所涉及的“一”、“一个”、“一种”、“该”等类似词语并不表示数量限制,可表示单数或复数。本申请所涉及的术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”以及它们任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含;本申请所涉及的“连接”、“相连”、“耦接”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电气的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的。本申请所涉及的“多个”是指大于或者等于两个。此外,本发明中用于表示移动方向的字符,例如“X”、“Y”、“Z”,仅表示三者属于不同的方向,并不具体限定二者的实际运行方向。
本发明提供一种3D打印机,包括打印喷头组件2、打印底板3和进料机构,
所述进料机构被配置为用于将耗材6引入所述打印喷头组件2;
所述打印喷头组件2被配置为能够在打印底板3上从下向上进行打印。
所述打印喷头组件2位于打印底板3的下方,所述打印喷头组件2被配置为
朝打印底板3方向喷出耗材6进行打印。
所述3D打印机还包括进料口100,所述进料口100被配置为接收进料机构(即导料机构5和/或送料机构4)输出的耗材6并输送至打印喷头组件2处用于打印。
所述进料机构包括至少一个送料机构4,所述送料机构4在进料方向上位于耗材盒和打印喷头组件2之间,被配置为用于引出耗材盒内的耗材6并向打印喷头组件2的方向输送耗材。
所述进料机构还包括导料机构5,导料机构5在进料方向上位于送料机构4和打印喷头组件2之间,或耗材盒和打印喷头组件2之间;导料机构5被配置为对送料机构4或耗材盒送出的耗材6进行衔接和/或切换,将耗材6输送至打印喷头组件2处。
实施例1
如图1-3所示,本实施例提供一种自下而上打印的3D打印机,包括打印喷头组件2、打印底板3、导料机构5和至少一个送料机构4,所述打印底板3设置在打印喷头组件2的上方,打印喷头组件2被配置为朝打印底板3方向打印;
送料机构4被配置为将耗材6引入导料机构5内;
所述导料机构5被配置为将耗材6导入打印喷头组件2进行打印。
所述3D打印机还包括基座盖板,所述基座盖板上设有进料口100,所述导料机构的出料孔设置在进料口100内或与进料口100连接。
在一些优选方案中,所述基座1和基座盖板10通过卡扣连接、卡套连接、螺纹连接或磁吸连接,耗材盒所述耗材盒可以放置在基座内,耗材盒内设有耗材轮110,耗材轮上缠绕有耗材;也可以设置在基座1外,通过送料机构4直接送
至导料机构5的进料孔处或打印喷头组件2的处,实现送料的目的。
所述基座盖板10上设有Z轴运动组件7,所述打印底板3设置在Z轴运动组件7上并在其作用下在打印喷头组件2的上方往返运动,进而实现3D打印机在空间上的打印;所述基座盖板10上还设有X轴传动机构8和Y轴传动机构9,所述打印底板3设置在打印喷头组件2的上方,所述打印喷头组件2在X轴传动机构8和Y轴传动机构9的作用下朝向打印底板3的方向进行打印操作,打印喷头组件2由传统的设置在打印底板3的上方,变换为设置在打印底板3的下方且固定设置在基座盖板10上,降低了3D打印机整体的重心,能显著提升机器的稳定性,不会因高速打印造成振动,影响打印质量以及限制打印机的运行速度。
如所述耗材盒放置在基座内,所述基座1内可以设有多个耗材放置空间,所述耗材放置空间可以上下分层设置也可以并排设置,耗材盒设置在基座1内,既可以进一步稳定机身,也可以避免悬挂在外侧受潮。
优选的,所述基座1的一侧设有滑动门装置110,用于直接更换耗材盒,每一次需要更换某种颜色时,用户可以直接将对应颜色的耗材盒抽取并更换。所述滑动门装置110为现有技术中可以实现门体滑动的装置,具体的装置不作为本申请的保护重点,在此不做进一步的说明。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种送料机构4,所述送料机构4在进料方向上位于耗材盒和打印喷头组件2之间,被配置为用于引出耗材盒内的耗材6并向打印喷头组件2的方向输送耗材。如图4-6所示,所述送料机构4包括固定板41、挤出机机构42和凸轮控制机构43;所述挤出机机构42和凸轮控制机构43均固定在固定板
41上,所述挤出机机构用于将耗材挤出送至导料机构5处;所述凸轮控制机构43用于控制挤出机机构42的夹紧或放松状态,实现对耗材6进出的控制。当挤出机机构42被夹紧时,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮远离挤出齿轮,耗材6可以自由进退,导料机构5开始工作,即可带动耗材6进行打印;
优选的,所述送料机构还包括第一接近传感器,所述第一接近传感器与凸轮控制机构分别设置在挤出机扳手的两侧,所述第一接近传感器用于感应所述挤出机扳手,当第一接近传感器感应到挤出机扳手则触发挤出电机开始工作。
优选的,所述基座1的上开口处设有放置板101,所述固定板41固定在放置板101上。
所述挤出机机构42包括挤出机支架421、第一弹性件422、挤出机扳手423、挤出电机424和挤出惰轮425,所述挤出机扳手423设置在挤出机支架421上。挤出电机424的驱动轴连接挤出齿轮426。
如图7所示,所述挤出机支架421包括支架底板4211、支架连接部4212和挤出通道4213,所述支架连接部4212设置在支架底板4211上,所述挤出通道4213设置在所述支架连接部4212的一侧,所述挤出通道4213供挤出耗材6通过;
如图8所示,挤出机扳手423包括手柄部4231、本体部4232和放置部4233,所述手柄部4231和放置部4233放置在本体部4232的两端,所述本体部4232上设有第七通孔42321和第八通孔42322,所述第七通孔42321内放置有气动接头,供耗材进入挤出机机构42;
优选的,所述有气动接头处和挤出通道4213处均可以设置导管102,方便耗材进出挤出机机构42。
所述挤出机支架421上设有挤出电机424,所述挤出机支架421上设有第六通孔4211,所述挤出电机424的驱动轴穿过第六通孔4211与所述挤出电机424连接,挤出齿轮426一侧还设有挤出惰轮425,在挤出电机424的驱动下挤出齿轮426和挤出惰轮425将耗材6挤出;
所述支架连接部4212和挤出机扳手(手柄部)之间连接有第一弹性件422,具体是,支架连接部4212上设有第九通孔42121,通过在第八通孔42322和第九通孔42121内设有紧固件,所述第一弹性件422分别与两个紧固件连接。当挤出机扳手423在挤压或按压后在第一弹性件422的回弹力将挤出机扳手423恢复为原位置。
所述凸轮控制机构43包括凸轮电机431、第一挡块432和凸轮433,所述凸轮电机431的驱动轴与所述凸轮433连接,所述凸轮433上设有第一挡块432,所述第一挡块432和所述凸轮433为永久性连接或非永久性连接,所述永久性连接包括机米螺丝固定和焊接;挤出惰轮425设置在挤出机扳手的放置部4233上,且放置在所述挤出齿轮的一侧并与之相夹紧(此时挤出机机构为初始状态,第一弹性件未被挤压,挤出机机构处于放松的状态),此时第一挡块432设置在挤出机扳手423的另一侧;当第一挡块432在凸轮电机431的作用下转动至挤出机扳手423处(第一弹性件被挤压,挤出机机构处于夹紧的状态),将挤出机扳手423向支架连接部4212侧挤压,在挤压下挤出机扳手的放置部4233远离支架连接部4212侧,从而带着挤出惰轮425远离挤出齿轮426,第一接近传感器感应到挤压挤出机扳手时,第一接近传感器触发挤出电机424开始工作,所述挤出齿轮426在挤出电机424的驱动下将耗材6挤出,在凸轮电机431旋转至其他位置处,挤出机扳手423在第一弹性件422的作用下恢复原位置。
所述挤出机扳手423的手柄处设有第一接近传感器427,所述第一接近传感器设置在挤出机扳手处,且与凸轮控制机构分别设置在挤出机扳手的两侧,所述第一接近传感器427用于感应所述挤出机扳手,当第一接近传感器427感应到挤出机扳手423则触发凸轮电机停止工作,通过检测第一接近传感器427的状态去控制凸轮电机的转动,从而控制挤出机被挤出惰轮425挤压或远离。
在一些优选方案中,所述送料机构4还包括耗材检测机构44,所述耗材检测机构44用于检测挤出通道4213内是否有耗材6,所述耗材检测机构44包括第二接近传感器,所述第二接近传感器用于感应耗材,当感应不到耗材6则触发挤出电机停止工作,同时会触发报送提示耗材用尽或断料的错误信息。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种送料机构的工作流程,包括:初始状态,挤出机机构42处于放松的状态,第一挡块432远离挤出机扳手423,设置在所述挤出机扳手上的挤出惰轮挤压所述挤出齿轮426;
进行送料时,所述送料机构的具体流程为:
第一挡块432在凸轮电机轴的带动下挤压挤出机扳手的手柄部4231,使挤出机机构处于夹紧的状态,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮远离挤出齿轮426,当第一接近传感器感应到挤压挤出机扳手时,第一接近传感器触发挤出电机424开始工作,第一接近传感器耗材从气动接头处插入,在挤出电机424的作用下带动耗材6从挤出通道口4213挤出,将耗材6送至导料机构5的进料孔51处,实现送料的目的。
停止送料的具体流程为:
第一挡块432在凸轮电机轴的带动下远离挤出机扳手的手柄部4231,使挤
出机机构处于放松的状态,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮挤压所述挤出齿轮426,当第一接近传感器无法感应到挤压挤出机扳手时触发挤出电机424停止工作,此时挤出惰轮和所述挤出齿轮426将耗材6夹紧实现停止送料的目的。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种导料机构5,导料机构5在进料方向上位于送料机构4和打印喷头组件2之间,或耗材盒和打印喷头组件2之间;导料机构5被配置为对送料机构4或耗材盒送出的耗材6进行衔接和/或切换,将耗材6输送至打印喷头组件2处。
如图9所示,所述导料机构5包括导料盒50,所述导料盒上设有一个出料孔52和至少一个进料孔51,当进料孔多于一个时,每个进料孔51对应设有一个进料分通道53,多个进料分通道汇成一个总通道54,所述总通道54与出料孔52连接。优选的,进料分通道53有一定斜角弯曲度,用于耗材6的导向。当进料分通道53数量大于三时,可以由两个进料分通道53先汇聚到一个通道后再与其他进料分通道汇聚,也可以由三个进料分通道汇聚到一个通道后再与其他进料分通道汇聚,最后所有进料分通道汇聚到总通道54处。
如图10-11所示,所述导料机构5还包括导料单元55,所述导料单元设置在所述总通道54处,所述导料单元55包括步进电机551、主动齿轮552和从动齿轮553,所述步进电机551和主动齿轮552连接,所述主动齿轮552在所述步进电机551的驱动以及从动齿轮553的配合下带动耗材6进退;所述导料单元55还包括步进电机551的电机固定支架5510,所述电机固定支架5510与所述导料盒50固定。
导料单元55还包括从动齿轮轴5531,所述从动齿轮553同轴心嵌套在从动
齿轮轴5531上,可自由转动,从动齿轮轴5531固定在电机固定支架5510上。
如图12所示,每个所述进料分通道53设有耗材读取装置,用于读取进料分通道内是否存在耗材以及读取耗材的颜色、尺寸和/或材质。具体的耗材读取装置是判读哪个进料分通道内的耗材已经完成预装载,触发有耗材的进料分通道,并控制对应进料分通道所对应的挤出电机和步进电机同步工作,将对应颜色/材质的料送到热端处进行打印。
所述耗材读取装置包括读取耗材颜色的CCD传感器或光纤颜色传感器和/或能够读取耗材直径的RGB相机或深度相机。
在一些优选方案中,所述每个所述进料分通道53上均设有第四通孔531,所述第四通孔531内放置有第二挡块532,所述第二挡块532处均对应设有耗材读取装置56,所述耗材读取装置56用于控制挤出电机424和步进电机551同步工作;设置所述第四通孔531的导料盒处还固定连接有第二挡板533,所述第二挡块532上套设有第五弹性件534;所述第五弹性件534的一连接端与所述第二挡板533固定;所述第二挡板533上设有第十通孔5331。
如图13所示,所述第二挡块532包括第一突出端部5321和第二突出端部5322,所述第一突出端部5321可通过第四通孔531放置在进料分通道53内;所述第二突出端部5322可通过第十通孔5331与所述耗材读取装置56接触发生感应。
优选的,所述耗材读取装置56包括限位开关,所述限位开关可以是光电开关,也可以是机械开关或霍尔开关。
当进料分通道53内进入耗材6时,耗材6将第二挡块532顶出,第二挡块532通过第十通孔5331与所述耗材读取装置56接触发生感应对耗材进行读取,
并触发步进电机551与挤出电机424同步工作;当需要更换另一耗材时,需将上一进料分通道所对应的挤出电机与步进电机反向运动,将其进料分通道耗材退出至耗材读取装置56无法读取位置;另一耗材所对应的送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至另一进料分通道;另一进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,并触发其对应的挤出电机和步进电机同步工作,通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印。当该进料分通道53的耗材6进料完成后,进料分通道53内的耗材6退回后,第二挡块532在第五弹性件534的回弹力作用下恢复原位置。
在一些优选方案中,所述导料机构5还包括耗材移除装置57,所述耗材移除装置57包括杠杆571、杠杆轴572和第二弹性件573,所述第二弹性件573的一端与所述杠杆571的一端固定,所述第二弹性件573另一端与导料盒50连接,杠杆轴572固定在步进电机551的电机固定支架上,所述杠杆571被配置为当其一端被按压时,杠杆571的另一端将带动从动齿轮553与主动齿轮分离。
当导料机构5出现故障时,手动按压杠杆571的一端,所述杠杆571的另一端将带动从动齿轮553与主动齿轮552分离,从动齿轮553、耗材6和主动齿轮552分离,将耗材6抽出导料机构5,进行维修。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种导料机构5的工作流程,包括:
一、送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至进料分通道;
二、进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,当耗材6经过各进料分通道53处的第二挡块532时,相应的进料分通道53中的第二挡块532会被顶起,进而第二挡块532触发耗材读取装置56,耗材读取装置56控制挤出
电机424和步进电机551同步工作,使多种颜色的耗材6按需求从出料口52输出至热端处通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印;
三、当需要更换另一耗材时,需将上一进料分通道所对应的挤出电机与导料机构中的步进电机反向运动,将其进料分通道耗材退出至耗材读取装置读取无耗材位置处;
四、另一耗材所对应的送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至另一进料分通道;
五、另一进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,当另一耗材6经过其对应的进料分通道53处的第二挡块532时,相应的进料分通道53中的第二挡块532会被顶起,进而第二挡块532触发耗材读取装置56,耗材读取装置56控制挤出电机424和步进电机551同步工作,另一耗材6从出料口52输出至热端处通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印。
当导料机构5出现故障时,手动按压杠杆571的一端,所述杠杆571的另一端将从动齿轮553顶起,从动齿轮553、耗材6和主动齿轮552分离,将耗材6抽出导料机构5,进行维修。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种传动机构,传动机构包括X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构和Z轴运动组件。
如图14-15所示,所述基座盖板上设有X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构和Z轴运动组件,所述打印喷头组件被配置为在X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构的作用下朝向打印底板的方向进行打印操作,在Z轴运动组件的作用下打印底板在打印喷头组件的上方往返运动。
所述Y轴传动机构9包括Y向传送带91,所述Y向传送带91包括上层Y向传送带911和下层Y向传送带912,所述上层Y向传送带911和下层Y向传送带912间设有供X轴传动机构8放置的放置空间913,所述上层Y向传送带911上设有X向传送带放置8的放置通孔914;另外,所述上层Y向传送带911在放置X向传送带81的地方可以不相连,X向传送带81两侧的上层Y向传送带911分别与第一固定座连接,可以实现X向传送带81与Y向传送带91不相互接触,所述X向传送带81与所述上层Y向传送带911之间设有空隙,防止X向传送带81与所述Y向传送带91在传送过程中产生摩擦或者卡住。所述上层Y向传送带911与下层Y向传送带912均与水平面平行。为了确保上层Y向传送带911和下层Y向传送带912间设有供X轴传动机构8放置的第二放置空间813足够放置X轴传动机构8,所述Y向传送带91可以呈平行四边形;另外第二转轴的放置位置也相互错开,可以更好的放置第二固定座。
如图16所示,所述X轴传动机构8置于所述Y向传送带91内,所述X轴传动机构8包括X向传送带81、X向导轨82、第一滑块83、第一固定座84、第一转轴85和第一驱动装置,所述第一滑块83设置在所述X向导轨82上,所述第一滑块83与所述打印喷头组件2固定连接,所述X向传送带81上设有供打印喷头组件2通过的第一通孔811以及供第一滑块83在X向导轨82移动的第二通孔812;所述X向导轨82设置在X向传送带81的下方,所述第二通孔812的长度可以设置为与X向导轨82的长度一致或短于X向导轨82的长度,即可以X向传送带81带动第一滑块83在X向导轨82上往返运动。所述第一转轴85放置在第一固定座84内,所述X向传送带81放置在第一转轴85之间,并在第一转轴85之间传送;
所述X轴传动机构8还包括支撑柱89和第二滑块890,所述支撑柱89分别与第二滑块890和X向导轨82固定,所述X向导轨82在所述支撑柱89和第二滑块890的作用下沿Y向运动。
所述第一驱动装置用于驱动第一转轴85转动或带动X向传送带81传送。所述第一驱动装置可以为电机,直接驱动第一转轴85带动X向传送带81传动,因为打印喷头组件2是放置在X向传送带81上,可以随X向传送带81进行X方向的移动;所述第一驱动装置可以为同步带86、同步轮87和第四电机88的组合,所述同步带与打印喷头组件2固定,所述同步带绕在同步轮上,所述同步轮和第四电机88连接,在第四电机88的驱动下,通过同步带带动打印喷头组件2沿X方向往返运动,打印喷头组件2是放置在X向传送带81上,X向传送带81也随之运动。所述Y轴传动机构9还包括Y向导轨92、第二固定座93、第二转轴94和第二驱动装置,所述第二滑块890设置在Y向导轨92上,Y向导轨92固定在所述基座盖板10上,所述第二转轴94放置在第二固定座93内,所述第二固定座93固定在基座盖板10上,所述Y向传送带91上设有供第二滑块890在Y向导轨92移动的第三通孔910;所述Y向传送带91放置在第二转轴94之间,并在第二转轴94之间传送;。为了更好的支撑X轴传动机构8,Y向导轨92可以设置为两条或三条,当设置为两条时,所述Y向导轨92分为位于Y向传送带91的两侧,所述Y向导轨通过第二滑块890与第一固定座固定;当设置为三条时,所述Y向导轨92分为位于Y向传送带91的两侧以及中心部位,其中两侧的所述Y向导轨通过支撑柱89和第二滑块890与第一固定座固定,中心部位的所述Y向导轨通过支撑柱89和第二滑块890与X向导轨82固定。
所述第二驱动装置用于驱动第二转轴94转动或带动Y向传送带91传送,
所述第二驱动装置可以为同步带、同步轮和第四电机88的组合,所述同步带与支撑柱89固定,所述同步带绕在同步轮上,所述同步轮和第四电机88连接,在第四电机88的驱动下,通过同步带带动支撑柱89沿Y方向往返运动,同时同步带也以相同的速度带动Y向传送带91同方向传送;第二驱动装置也可以为电机,所述电机直接驱动第二滑块890移动,同时以相同的电机和转速同步驱动第二转轴94,使Y向传送带91的传送速度和方向均与第二滑块890的移动速度和方向一样。
所述3D打印机的打印喷头组件2在Y向传送带91和X向传送带81的设置范围内移动,Y向传送带91将X轴传动机构8和Y轴传动机构9的运行部件均遮挡起来,对X轴传动机构8和Y轴传动机构9的运行部件起到防护作用,可以防止废料掉落阻挡运行部件损坏部件,也可以避免使用者误触运动部件发生危险的情况。
优选的,所述基座上还设有保护罩11,将基座盖板上的结构全部罩起来,所述保护罩11上设有工作空槽111,打印喷头组件2在工作空槽111内工作。所述工作空槽111的大小与上层Y向传送带911的大小一致。用于固定上层Y向传送带911间第二转轴的第二固定座上设有支撑板12,用于支撑保护罩11;所述保护罩11上设有多个放置槽112。
如图17所示,所述Z轴运动组件7包括Z向导轨71、丝杆升降机72、丝杆驱动装置73、打印底板连接板74和Z轴固定板75,所述Z向导轨71、丝杆升降机72、均与Z轴固定板75固定连接,所述丝杆驱动装置73用于驱动丝杆升降机72、转动,所述Z向导轨71上设有第三滑块76,所述第三滑块76与打印底板连接板74固定连接,所述打印底板连接板74的端部套设在丝杆升降机
72上,所述打印底板连接板74上固定打印底板3,在所述丝杆驱动装置73和丝杆升降机72的作用下,带动所述打印底板3上下移动。所述放置槽112内设有Z向导轨71和丝杆升降机72,当需要清理时,可以直接将保护罩11取下,对Y向传送带91上的废料进行清理。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种切料机构,所述切料机构包括至少一个可活动的切刀214,被配置为用于切断打印喷头组件上的耗材。
如图18-19所示,所述打印喷头组件2上设有切料机构21,所述切料机构21可随打印喷头组件2进行运动。
所述切料机构21包括第一销钉211、切刀刀柄212、刀套213、第三弹性件215和第二销钉216;所述第一销钉211和第二销钉216相对于切刀刀柄212可转动连接;
所述切刀刀柄212整体可以包括但不限于Z形,切刀刀柄212的形状可根据实际情况进行设定,主要是为了方便固定以及方便切刀刀柄运动。优选的,所述第一销钉211固定在打印喷头组件2的外壳上,所述第一销钉211上设有滚花齿纹,防止从打印喷头组件的外壳上松脱;
所述切刀刀柄212上设有用于放置刀套213的第一放置空间2120、第一连接孔2121和第六连接孔2123,设置第一放置空间2120的切刀刀柄212处设有活动槽2122,切刀214放置在刀套213内,所述刀套213上设有第二连接孔,第二连接孔内设有连接轴2131,所述刀套213通过连接轴2131活动放置在第一放置空间2120内,所述连接轴2131可在活动槽2122内活动;所述第一销钉211置于第一连接孔2121内并与打印喷头组件2的外壳固定连接,所述第二销钉216
置于第六连接孔2123内并与打印喷头组件2的外壳固定连接;所述第三弹性件215套设在第二销钉216上,
切刀刀柄212被配置为在外力(打印喷头组件)的撞击下压缩第三弹性件215,所述放置刀套213通过连接轴2131在所述活动槽2122内活动,第三弹性件215被压缩到极限时完成切割。
切料的过程为:
如图19-20所示,当在打印过程中需要换色时,打印底板抬升,使打印模型与打印喷头组件2上的喷头保持安全距离;打印喷头组件2运动,使切刀刀柄212向固定架104(打印机上的一个固定件,固定在Z轴传动机构上)方向移动,固定架104撞击切刀刀柄212使第三弹性件215压缩,切刀214向前推,直至第三弹性件215被压缩到极限,将耗材6切断;然后打印喷头组件2运动,远离固定架104,使切刀刀柄212远离固定架104,第三弹性件215将切刀刀柄212回弹到原始位置,完成切料。
实施例8
本实施例提供一种打印喷头组件2。
如图21和25所示,所述打印喷头组件2包括喷头机构,散热块230、外壳240、第二挤出机电机250、打印固定板26等,喷头机构包括热端(加热器)及喷头27,打印固定板26的底部设有第二挤出机电机250,喷头可以连接在第二挤出机电机250上,并且能够在第二挤出机电机250的带动下平移,也可以整个打印喷头组件2在X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构的作用下进行移动,所述第二挤出机电机250仅带动耗材移动至热端;所述打印固定板上设有缺口,在第二挤出机电机250的作用下喷头可以在缺口处上下移动,在打印固定板26上进行打
印。喷头在本发明中,不对第二挤出机电机250做具体限定,第二挤出机电机250可以采用现有技术中的方案或者某些改进的方案来实现对喷头的平移,例如丝杆、电机、导轨等,由于这部分技术方案不是本发明的保护要点,本发明对此不做限定也不要展开描述。
实施例9
本实施例提供一种擦料机构22,所述擦料机构被配置为用于去除喷头组件上的多余耗材。
如图22-23所示,所述擦料机构22包括包括擦料机架221和所述擦料机架221整体呈L形,擦料机架221包括擦料机架的竖向部2211和擦料机架的横向部2212,所述擦料机架的横向部2212又包括第一横向部22121和第二横向部22122,所述第一横向部22121和第二横向部22122平行设置在擦料机架的竖向部2211的下方两侧;
所述擦料机构22包括喷头清理机构223
所述喷头清理机构223用于清理粘料的喷头;所述喷头清理机构223包括挡板2231,所述挡板2231可在擦料机架221内移动,所述擦料机架221的两侧内均设有挡板的活动空间2210,具体是第一横向部22121和第二横向部22122内均设有活动空间,所述活动空间内还设有第六弹性件,所述第六弹性件与挡板2231连接,第六弹性件可将挡板2231恢复至原位置。
如图24所示,所述挡板2231包括第一挡板部22311、第二挡板部22312和第三挡板部22313,所述第一挡板部22311、第二挡板部22312和第三挡板部22313依次连接,所述第一挡板部22311的宽度大于第二挡板部22312的宽度,并且在第一挡板部22311与第二挡板部22312的连接处,所述第一挡板部22311的两侧
设有垂直挡板22315,所述垂直挡板22315用于与第六弹性件2233固定连接;所述活动空间的长度略大于第一挡板部22311的长度;第三挡板部22312与第二挡板部22312之间设有倾斜面22314,当废料通过推杆推至倾斜面22314,可对废料的移动有个缓冲的作用,所述第三挡板部22313垂直设置在第二挡板部22312的下方。
挡板的第二挡板部22312上设有供喷头通过的擦料孔喷头移动时将废料抖下去,实现废料清理的目的。优选的,所述擦料孔为锥形孔,所述擦料孔的锥形底面设置在挡板的上表面方向,可供喷头在所述锥形孔内相对锥形孔轻微移动,轻微移动可以是往返移动1mm,往返移动3次,移动速度为500mm/s,实现废料清理。
为了更好的清理喷头的废料,所述喷头清理机构还包括擦料组件,所述擦料组件用于清理喷头上的废料;
如图25-27所示,所述擦料组件用于清理喷头上的废料;所述擦料组件23包括清除料斗232和倾倒口232,所述清除料斗231底部设有能够允许喷头穿过的第一开槽2311。
所述倾倒口232连接在所述清除料斗的下方;所述第一开槽2311和所述倾倒口之间设有导料过渡面。
清除料斗231的开口2312朝上,所述导料过渡面233从开口2312到倾倒口232依次包括第一斜面和第一平面,另一种导料过渡面233从开口2312到倾倒口232依次包括第一斜面234、第一平面235、第二斜面236和第二平面237,其中,第二平面237连接倾倒口,并且,第一平面235和第二平面237之间具有一定的角度,例如,在本实施例中,第一平面235是水平面,而第二平面237
是竖直面,通过这种斜面+平面+斜面+垂面的方式,为喷头余料(熔融塑料)形成一个引导过渡面,使其在融融状态下能够从倾倒口流出,此外,由于打印的过程中,会设有保护罩,机器内部的温度相对会比环境温度高,余料不会那么快凝固,一般来说可以在完成落料之后再凝固,即使有些塑料提前凝固了,粘在导料过渡面233中的某一个平面或者斜面上,也可以在打印完成或者一定时间之后进行清理,因为本发明提供的余料清理装置是相对于打印机的功能主体而言较为独立的一部分结构,因此只要清理了打印机功能主体上的余料,避免影响打印过程也即本发明完成了其使命。
擦料组件23的整体可移动地设置在打印喷头组件一侧,当第二挤出机电机250带动喷头平移时,能够带动打印喷头向着靠近或者远离擦料组件23的方向移动。第一开槽2311设置在打印喷头所在的平面上方或部分打印喷头可移动至第一开槽2311内,当打印喷头移动至擦料组件23处时,能够伸入第一开槽2311内。作为优选,第一开槽2311位于第一斜面234和第一平面235上,由于打印喷头是倾斜向上且部分突出于打印平台的,位于第一斜面234上的第一开槽2311部分能够容纳打印喷头的高度,使其可以顺利进入到第一开槽内,然后位于第一平面235上的第一开槽部分贴近打印喷头,并能够接住从打印喷头上挤出的余料,这种接料的过程也可以说是对挤出余料的一种刮取。
作为优选,擦料组件23的底部(倾倒口的一侧底面上)通过紧固件2301连接转动臂2302,转动臂2302,下方连接转动电机2303,这样,擦料组件23就可以通过转动电机2303的转动靠近或远离打印喷头组件2,当不需要擦料,例如在正式打印过程中,或者打印停止、喷头不出料、需要调节打印平台位置等情况下,可以将擦料组件23转出让位,防止擦料组件23阻挡打印底板的移动。
作为优选,第一斜面234的外侧设有毛刷组件238,用于清理在喷头上熔融的多余塑料,当喷头移到毛刷中时,废料会残留在毛刷中,毛刷组件238只需要定期拆下来清洁或者更换即可。
作为优选,第一平面的外侧也可以设有毛刷组件238。
在一些优选方案中,所述擦料组件也可以是外包特氟龙管的可旋转的清理件或毛刷。
所述清理件或毛刷2235固定在推杆支架2242上,且设置在推刀2243上方,当喷头在擦料孔22310内移动时,喷头上的废料可通过所述清理件或毛刷2235蹭掉,所述擦料孔为锥形孔,所述擦料孔的锥形底面设置在挡板的上表面方向,可供喷头在所述锥形孔内相对锥形孔轻微移动,轻微移动可以是往返移动1mm,移动速度为500mm/s;或喷头放置在擦料孔22310内带动挡板前后滑动,同时在滑动的过程中将废料抖下去,实现废料清理的目的。
在一些优选方案中,所述喷头清理机构223还包括挡片2232,所述挡片设置在擦料孔的上方,所述挡片的面积至少等于擦料孔的面积;所述挡片2232可以固定在擦料机架221上,由于在加热状态下,热塑性的材料会融化并因为材料的不断送入而被推动喷出,喷出的耗材会迅速冷却成丝状,如果上方不加挡片2232限制的话,耗材会形成松散的丝团,加上挡片2232后,在喷出耗材冷却成型的过程中可实现约束耗材丝的冷却空间,喷出的耗材无法及时冷却,且因为空间有限,丝料会互相粘结在一起,将成团的细丝收敛为团块状,方便后续的清理。
所述擦料机构还包括废料清理机构224,所述废料清理机构224用于处理喷头清理机构清理下的废料,所述废料清理机构224包括推杆2241、推杆支架2242和推刀2243,所述推杆支架2242固定在擦料机架221上,所述推杆支架2242
上设有导向孔22421,所述导向孔22421内设有推杆2241,所述推杆2241上套设有第四弹性件2244,所述推杆2241的一端与所述推刀2243固定连接,所述推杆2241的另一端通过垫片和螺母与第四弹性件2244固定连接,推杆2241可在第四弹性件2244和力的共同作用下在推杆支架2242处带动推刀2243沿推杆轴向往复运动;推杆2241的形状包括但不限于长方体形。
所述推刀2243放置在挡板2231上,所述推刀2243的长度与第一横向部22121和第二横向部22122之间的距离相等,保证落在挡板2231上的废料,推刀2243均可以将其推至废料收集机构225或接料盘内。
在一些优选方案中,所述擦料机构22可以直接固定在3D打印机的某一位置处,擦料机构的最低平面被配置为在喷头的顶部所在的平面或略低于喷头底部所在平面(即保证喷头可以穿过擦料孔),保证喷头可以在传动组件的作用下移动至擦料机构22的下方进行擦料操作;
优选的,所述擦料机构可以只包括擦料机架和喷头清理机构,通过喷头在带动挡板前后滑动直接将废料抖下去,实现废料清理的目的;所述擦料机构也可以包括擦料机架、喷头清理机构和废料清理机构224,利用废料清理机构224清理喷头清理机构处理的废料;所述擦料机构也可以包括擦料机架、喷头清理机构、废料清理机构224和废料收集机构225,所述喷头清理机构223、废料清理机构224和废料收集机构225设置在擦料机架221上;所述喷头清理机构223设置在擦料机架221内部,所述废料清理机构224设置在擦料机架221的一端部,所述废料收集机构225设置在擦料机架221的底部且远离废料清理机构224;所述喷头清理机构223设置在第一横向部22121和第二横向部22122之间,所述废料清理机构224设置在远离擦料机架的竖向部的擦料机架的横向部的一端部。
在一些优选方案中,所述擦料机构22还包括升降机构222,所述升降机构222也设置在擦料机架221上,具体的,所述升降机构222设置在所述擦料机架的竖向部2211,所述升降机构222包括光轴2221、直线轴承2222、丝杠2223、丝杠螺母2224,其中光轴2221与直线轴承2222装配,丝杠2223与丝杠螺母2224装配,带动擦料机架221以及设置在擦料机架221上的喷头清理机构223、废料清理机构224、废料收集机构225上下运动。
如图28所示,所述放置擦料机构22也可以放置在基座盖板10上,具体是基座盖板10上设有放置擦料机构22的放置孔103,所述放置孔103与所述擦料机构22的整体形状相匹配。所述废料收集机构设置在擦料机架的底部且远离废料清理机构;具体为,所述废料收集机构225设置在擦料机架的横向部的下方,且与擦料机架的竖向部靠近;所述废料收集机构25包括闸门装置,所述闸门装置包括闸门251和驱动装置;所述驱动装置包括长连接轴252、短连接轴253、轴承254和扭簧255,所述扭簧255套设在长连接轴252上,通过长连接轴252将闸门251与擦料机架221活动连接;轴承254设置在短连接轴253上,并设置在闸门251的边沿处,当受到外力作用时,外力通过轴承254给闸门251一个作用力将闸门251打开。所述闸门251包括左右两个闸门,两个闸门与所述擦料机架221形成第三放置空间,用于放置废料。
如图29所示,所述闸门251的一侧面设有第一连接端2511,所述第一连接端2511内设有第三连接孔2512,所述闸门251的另一侧面设有第二连接端2513,且第二连接端2513设置在闸门251的端部,所述第二连接端2513内设有第四连接孔2514;所述擦料机架221上设有与第三连接孔2512相匹配的第五连接孔,所述长连接轴252与扭簧255放置在第三连接孔2512和第五连接孔内,用于活
动连接闸门251;轴承254设置在短连接轴253上,短连接轴253设置在第四连接孔2514内。
在一些优选方案中,所述驱动装置可以直接是闸门驱动电机,通过闸门驱动电机直接驱动闸门开合。
如图30所示,所述废料收集机构也可以直接是接料盘24,接料盘24的边缘设有挡壁241,挡壁241整体上呈环状,主要用于防止滴落的熔融状态的塑料流动而导致二次滴落。
所述喷头上可以设有特氟龙涂层,可以更好的防止额外的余料溢出。
作为优选,所述接料盘24也可以直接设置在打印喷头组件上,所述接料盘24可以通过螺丝等连接件安装在所述打印喷头组件的外壳上,实现接料盘和打印喷头组件的固定连接;另外可以在外壳和接料盘24上分别安装有异性相吸的有磁铁,通过磁铁的磁性固定;这样,接料盘24就能够随喷头同时移动。接料盘24上设有第二开槽242,第二开槽242应当满足恰好能够使喷头穿过,为了避免伤害打印喷头,在一些方式中,第二开槽242在一个方向上的长度略大于喷头的宽度,不至于挤压或磨损喷头,但以能接住喷头上滴落的余料为优先考虑。
作为优选,接料盘24呈扁平状设计,其平面尺寸可以为喷头最宽处截面尺寸的8-15倍,由于在打印的过程中,喷头的下半部分和接料盘都是在打印平面以下走动的,这样,接料盘24可以有一个平整的接料平面,还可以用于接住在打印时,从打印平台滴落的废料。本发明设置了可以随喷头移动的余料收集装置,能够有效防止余料从喷头滑落,并且,本发明的余料收集装置的尺寸要比喷头宽大很多,也可以在打印的过程中,接收从打印平台掉落的废料,避免因余料或废料的滴落而造成对打印设备的污染,此外,本发明的接料盘可以拆卸,在打印完
成后可以拆下清洁,使用方便。
实施例10
本实施例提供一种擦料机构,所述擦料机构用于对一种自下而上打印的3D打印机进行擦料处理,当擦料机构的最低平面被配置为在喷头的顶部所在的平面或略低于喷头底部所在平面(即保证喷头可以穿过擦料孔),所述擦料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:
(1)打印喷头组件中的喷头通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构运动至挡板2231上的擦料孔22310正下方;
(2)喷头加热,将需要擦除的耗材从喷头喷出距离D,
(3)当喷头喷耗材从喷头喷出距离D后,喷头向擦料组件方向移动,擦料组件将喷头上的残料刮或擦干净,喷头回位,往复运行一次或多次,最后回到原位置,在此过程中因为喷头套在挡板上的擦料孔里,因而会带动挡板往复运动;
(4)打印喷头组件2通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构移动至不与擦料机构发生干涉的位置;
(5)将废料收集机构内的废料清理;
(6)打印喷头组件到待打印的位置正下方。
在废料清理之前还包括:通过移动打印喷头组件2压缩推杆2241,推杆2241带动推刀将成团的耗材推开,如此往复一次或多次;
打印喷头组件2移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置,推杆在第四弹性件2244的作用下恢复原位置。
优选的,在继续打印之前,可以由设备上的摄像头判断模型是否损坏,喷头是否移动到了应该开始打印的位置。
实施例11
本实施例提供一种擦料机构,所述擦料机构用于对一种自下而上打印的3D打印机进行擦料处理,当所述擦料机构设有升降机构时,所述擦料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:
(1)将打印底板3抬升,使打印喷头组件和打印的模型之间有一定安全距离;
(2)通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构将喷头移动至不与擦料机构22升降发生干涉的位置;
(3)当擦料机构设置在放置孔103时,擦料机构22从基座盖板抬升至位于打印底板3与喷头之间,且不与打印的模型发生干涉的位置,如设置在放置孔103时,可直接抬升至位于打印底板3与喷头之间,且不与打印的模型发生干涉的位置;
(4)打印喷头组件中喷头通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构运动至挡板2231上的擦料孔22310正下方;
(5)擦料机构22下降,使擦料孔22310刚好套在喷头尖端,喷头尖端为一个与擦料孔22310直径相近的锥面;
(6)喷头加热,将需要擦除的耗材从喷头尖端喷出距离D,在挡片2232的作用下成团的细丝收敛为团状(在有挡片时);
(7)当喷头喷耗材从喷头喷出距离D后,喷头向挡片2232方向移动10mm(当设有挡片时,如没设置可向擦料组件方向移动),挡片2232将喷头上的残料刮干净,喷头回位,往复运行3次,最后回到原位置,在此过程中因为喷头套在挡板2231上的擦料孔22310里,因而会带动挡板2231往复运动;
(8)擦料机构22抬升至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置;
(9)打印喷头组件通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构移动至不与擦料机构发生干涉的位置;
(10)擦料机构22下降到打印喷头组件2处,通过移动打印喷头组件2压缩推杆2241,推杆2241带动推刀2243将成团的耗材6推开,如此往复3次;
(11)打印喷头组件2回位,推杆2243在第四弹性件2244的作用下恢复原位置;
(12)将废料收集机构内的废料清理;具体可以是擦料机构22下降至基座盖板的放置孔时,闸门251因两边的轴承254被基座盖板挤压,扭簧255扭转,闸门251打开,释放已经掉到闸门251上方的耗材团;当驱动装置是闸门驱动电机,可通过闸门驱动电机直接驱动闸门开合;也可以直接将废料清理至接料盘中;
(13)打印喷头组件2到待打印的位置正下方;
(14)打印底板下降至待打印的位置,继续打印。
优选的,在继续打印之前,可以由设备上的摄像头判断模型是否损坏,喷头是否移动到了应该开始打印的位置。
实施例12
本实施例提供一种自下而上打印的3D打印机的换料方法,
所述换料方法包括:
1)打印喷头组件2在X轴传动机构8和Y轴传动机构9的作用下带动切料机构21移动至3D打印机的固定架104处,通过撞击切刀刀柄212将耗材切断;
2)进料分通道53所对应的挤出电机424与导料机构中的步进电机551以及第二挤出电机250反向运动,将其进料分通道53内的耗材6退出至耗材读取装
置56读取无耗材位置处或其对应送料机构的挤出齿轮426侧;
3)触发凸轮控制机构43的凸轮电机431转动从而带动第一挡块432远离挤出机扳手423,挤出机扳手423上的挤出惰轮425挤压挤出齿轮426将耗材夹紧,同时第一接近传感器427触发挤出电机424停止工作;
4)送料机构的挤出齿轮426反向转动将耗材6回退;
5)通过另一套送料机构的凸轮控制机构43的凸轮电机转动带动第一挡块挤压挤出机扳手,并通过对应的第一接近传感器触发挤出电机开始工作,将另一耗材送到对应的送料机构的进料分通道;
6)进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,并触发挤出电机、步进电机和第二挤出电机同步工作,将另一耗材送到喷头侧,继续打印;
7)利用权利要求20或21中所述的擦料机构进行擦料处理,与此同时第二挤出电机排出切断耗材后残留的耗材,并额外挤出长度为d的耗材,d大于等于0mm;
或,步骤4)-步骤6)运行的同时,利用权利要求20或21中所述的擦料机构进行擦料处理。
实施例13
本实施例提供一种打印底板3。
所述打印底板3上设有温感变色的加热板,所述加热板包括基板,变色层和黏附层,所述黏附层用于帮助承托物黏附和/或防滑,所述变色层包括热敏可逆变色材料、热敏可逆变色材料与PEI塑料粉末或PC塑料粉末混合,热敏可逆变色材料和PEI塑料粉末或PC塑料粉末混合比例为1:1%-10%,当打印底板上的温度在阈值时显示出特定颜色以警示用户。
所述基板包括玻璃板、钢板、木板、铝板中的任一种,变色层覆涂在基板上,所述黏附层可以是透明的,如钢化玻璃等材质且可以与基板分离。
加热板的制备方法包括:
1)切割打磨基板至合适的尺寸;
2)在基板上覆涂感温变色油墨,采用涂布或印刷方式,所述敷涂或印刷可以采用整板敷涂,或部分区域、以特定形状敷涂,以传递信息;比如在用户手握位敷涂
3)在敷涂感温变色油墨的基板上沉积PEI或PC塑料。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
需注意的是,本发明中所未详细描述的技术特征,均可以通过任一现有技术实现。
Claims (31)
- 一种3D打印机,其特征在于,包括打印喷头组件、打印底板和进料机构,所述进料机构被配置为用于将耗材引入所述打印喷头组件;所述打印喷头组件被配置为能够在打印底板上从下向上进行打印。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述打印喷头组件位于打印底板的下方,所述打印喷头组件被配置为朝打印底板方向喷出耗材进行打印。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括进料口,所述进料口被配置为接收进料机构输出的耗材并输送至打印喷头组件处用于打印。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述进料机构包括至少一个送料机构,所述送料机构在进料方向上位于耗材盒和打印喷头组件之间,被配置为用于引出耗材盒内的耗材并向打印喷头组件的方向输送耗材。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述进料机构还包括导料机构,导料机构在进料方向上位于送料机构和打印喷头组件之间,或耗材盒和打印喷头组件之间;导料机构被配置为对送料机构或耗材盒送出的耗材进行衔接和/或切换,将耗材输送至打印喷头组件处。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述送料机构包括固定板、挤出机机构和凸轮控制机构;所述挤出机机构和凸轮控制机构均固定在固定板上,所述挤出机机构用于将耗材挤出送至导料机构处;所述凸轮控制机构用于控制挤出机机构的夹紧或放松状态,控制耗材的进出。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述挤出机机构包括挤出机支架、第一弹性件和挤出机扳手,所述挤出机扳手设置在挤出机支架上, 所述挤出机支架包括支架连接部和挤出通道,所述支架连接部和挤出机扳手之间连接有第一弹性件;所述挤出机支架上设有挤出电机,挤出电机的驱动轴连接挤出齿轮,挤出齿轮一侧还设有挤出惰轮,在挤出电机的驱动下挤出齿轮和挤出惰轮将耗材挤出;所述凸轮控制机构包括凸轮电机、第一挡块和凸轮,所述凸轮电机的驱动轴与所述凸轮连接,所述凸轮上设有第一挡块,所述挤出惰轮设置在挤出机扳手上,第一挡块在凸轮电机的作用下转动对挤出机扳手进行挤压与释放,从而控制挤出惰轮挤压挤出齿轮或远离挤出齿轮。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述送料机构还包括耗材检测机构以及第一接近传感器,所述耗料检测机构用于检测挤出通道内是否有耗材;所述第一接近传感器与凸轮控制机构分别设置在挤出机扳手的两侧,所述第一接近传感器用于感应所述挤出机扳手,当第一接近传感器感应到挤出机扳手则触发挤出电机开始工作。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述导料机构包括导料盒,所述导料盒上设有一个出料孔和至少一个进料孔,当进料孔多于一个时,每个进料孔对应设有一个进料分通道,多个进料分通道汇成一个总通道,所述总通道与出料孔连接。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述导料机构还包括导料单元,所述导料单元设置在所述总通道处,所述导料单元包括步进电机、主动齿轮和从动齿轮,所述步进电机和主动齿轮连接,所述主动齿轮在所述步进电机的驱动以及从动齿轮的配合下带动耗材进退;每个所述进料分通道上均设有耗材读取装置,用于读取进料分通道内是否存在耗材以及读取耗材的颜色、尺寸 和/或材质。
- 根据权利要求10所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述导料机构还包括耗材移除装置,所述耗材移除装置包括杠杆、杠杆轴和第二弹性件,所述第二弹性件的一端与所述杠杆的一端固定,所述第二弹性件的另一端与导料盒连接,杠杆轴固定在步进电机的电机固定支架上,所述杠杆被配置为当其一端被按压时,杠杆的另一端将带动从动齿轮与主动齿轮分离。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括切料机构,所述切料机构包括至少一个可活动的切刀,被配置为用于切断打印喷头组件上的耗材。
- 根据权利要求12所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述切料机构还包括第一销钉、切刀刀柄、刀套、第三弹性件和第二销钉;所述切刀刀柄上设有用于放置刀套的第一放置空间、第一连接孔和第六连接孔,设置第一放置空间的切刀刀柄处设有活动槽,所述第一销钉置于第一连接孔内并与打印喷头组件固定连接,所述第二销钉置于第六连接孔内并与打印喷头组件固定连接;所述第三弹性件套设在第二销钉上,所述放置刀套通过连接轴在所述活动槽内活动;切刀刀柄被配置为在外力的撞击下压缩第三弹性件,第三弹性件被压缩到极限时完成切割。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构和Z轴运动组件,所述打印喷头组件被配置为在X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构的作用下朝向打印底板的方向进行打印操作;在Z轴运动组件的作用下,打印底板在打印喷头组件的上方往返运动。
- 根据权利要求14所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述Y轴传动机 构包括Y向传送带,所述Y向传送带包括上层Y向传送带和下层Y向传送带,所述上层Y向传送带和下层Y向传送带间设有供X轴传动机构放置的第二放置空间,所述上层Y向传送带上设有X向传送带放置的放置通孔;所述Y轴传动机构还包括Y向导轨、第二固定座、第二转轴和第二驱动装置,所述第二滑块设置在Y向导轨上,,所述第二转轴放置在第二固定座内,,所述Y向传送带上设有供第二滑块在Y向导轨移动的第三通孔;所述Y向传送带放置在第二转轴之间,并在第二转轴之间传送。
- 根据权利要求15所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述X轴传动机构置于所述Y向传送带内,所述X轴传动机构包括X向传送带、X向导轨和第一滑块,所述第一滑块设置在所述X向导轨上,所述第一滑块与所述打印喷头组件固定连接,所述X向传送带上设有供打印喷头组件通过的第一通孔以及供第一滑块在X向导轨移动的第二通孔;所述X轴传动机构还包括支撑柱和第二滑块,所述支撑柱分别与第二滑块和X向导轨固定,所述X向导轨在所述支撑柱和第二滑块的作用下沿Y向运动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括擦料机构,所述擦料机构被配置为用于去除喷头组件上的多余耗材。
- 根据权利要求17所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述3D打印机还包括擦料机构,所述擦料机构包括喷头清理机构,所述喷头清理机构包括挡板,挡板上设有供喷头通过的擦料孔,在喷头移动时将废料抖下去,实现废料清理的目的。
- 根据权利要求18所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述擦料孔为锥形孔,可供喷头在所述锥形孔内相对锥形孔轻微移动。
- 根据权利要求19所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述喷头清理机构还包括擦料组件,所述擦料组件用于清理喷头上的废料,所述擦料组件包括清除料斗和倾倒口,所述倾倒口连接在所述清除料斗的下方;所述清除料斗底部设有能够允许喷头穿过的第一开槽,所述第一开槽和所述倾倒口之间设有导料过渡面;或,所述擦料组件包括毛刷或外包特氟龙管的可旋转的清理件,所述清理件或毛刷固定在推杆支架上,且设置在推刀上方;或,当喷头在擦料孔内移动时,喷头上的废料可通过所述清理件蹭掉。
- 根据权利要求18或20所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述喷头清理机构还包括挡片,所述挡片设置在擦料孔的上方,所述挡片的面积至少等于擦料孔的面积。
- 根据权利要求18所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述擦料机构还包括废料清理机构,所述废料清理机构设置在擦料机架的一端部;所述废料清理机构包括推杆、推杆支架和推刀,所述推杆支架固定在擦料机架上,所述推杆支架上设有导向孔,所述导向孔内设有推杆,所述推杆的一端与所述推刀固定连接,所述推刀放置在挡板上,所述推杆上套设有第四弹性件,所述第四弹性件的一端与所述推杆的另一端固定连接。
- 根据权利要求18所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述擦料机构还包括废料收集机构,所述废料收集机构设置在擦料机架的底部且远离废料清理机构;所述废料收集机构包括闸门装置,所述闸门装置包括闸门和驱动装置;或,所述废料收集机构包括接料盘。
- 根据权利要求23所述的一种3D打印机,其特征在于,所述驱动装置包括闸门驱动电机;或,所述驱动装置包括长连接轴、短连接轴、轴承和扭簧,所述扭簧套设在长连接轴上,通过长连接轴将闸门与擦料机架活动连接;轴承设置在短连接轴上,并设置在闸门的边沿处,当受到外力作用时,外力通过轴承给闸门一个作用力将闸门打开。
- 一种擦料机构,其特征在于,所述擦料机构用于对权利要求1-24中任一所述的一种3D打印机进行擦料处理,当擦料机构的最低平面被配置为在喷头的顶部所在的平面或略低于喷头底部所在平面,所述擦料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:(1)打印喷头组件中的喷头通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构运动至挡板上的擦料孔正下方;(2)喷头加热,将需要擦除的耗材从喷头喷出距离D;(3)当喷头喷耗材从喷头喷出距离D后,喷头向擦料组件方向移动,擦料组件将喷头上的残料刮或擦干净,喷头回位,往复运行一次或多次;(4)打印喷头组件通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构移动至不与擦料机构发生干涉的位置;(5)将废料收集机构内的废料清理;(6)打印喷头组件到待打印的位置正下方。
- 根据权利要求25所述的一种擦料机构,其特征在于,在废料清理之前还包括:通过移动打印喷头组件压缩推杆,推杆带动推刀将废料推开,往复一次或多次;打印喷头组件移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置,推杆也在第四弹性件的作用下恢复原位置。
- 一种擦料机构,其特征在于,所述擦料机构用于对权利要求1-24中任一所述的一种3D打印机进行擦料处理,当所述擦料机构设有升降机构时,所述擦料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:(1)将打印底板抬升,使打印喷头组件和打印的模型之间有一定安全距离;(2)通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构将喷头移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置;(3)擦料机构抬升至位于打印底板与喷头之间,且不与打印的模型发生干涉的位置;(4)打印喷头组件中喷头通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构运动至擦料孔的正下方;(5)擦料机构下降,使擦料孔套住喷头尖端;(6)喷头加热,将需要擦除的耗材从喷头尖端喷出距离D;(7)当喷头喷耗材从喷头喷出距离D后,喷头向擦料组件方向移动,擦料组件将喷头上的残料刮或擦干净,喷头回位,往复运行一次或多次;(8)擦料机构抬升至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置;(9)打印喷头组件通过X轴传动机构、Y轴传动机构移动至不与擦料机构发生干涉的位置;(10)擦料机构下降到打印喷头组件处,通过移动打印喷头组件压缩推杆,推杆带动推刀将废料推开,如此往复一次或多次;(11)打印喷头组件移动至不与擦料机构升降发生干涉的位置,推杆也在第 四弹性件的作用下恢复原位置;(12)将废料收集机构内的废料清理;(13)打印喷头组件到待打印的位置正下方;(14)打印底板下降至待打印的位置,继续打印。
- 一种送料机构,其特征在于,所述送料机构用于对权利要求1-24中任一所述的一种3D打印机进行送料机构,所述送料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:初始状态,挤出机机构处于放松的状态,第一挡块远离挤出机扳手,设置在所述挤出机扳手上的挤出惰轮挤压所述挤出齿轮;进行送料时,所述送料机构的具体流程为:第一挡块在凸轮电机轴的带动下挤压挤出机扳手的手柄部,使挤出机机构处于夹紧的状态,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮远离挤出齿轮,当第一接近传感器感应到挤压挤出机扳手时,第一接近传感器触发挤出电机开始工作,耗材从气动接头处插入,在挤出电机的作用下带动耗材从挤出通道口挤出,将耗材送至导料机构的进料孔处,实现送料的目的;停止送料的具体流程为:第一挡块在凸轮电机轴的带动下远离挤出机扳手的手柄部,使挤出机机构处于放松的状态,所述挤出机扳手带动挤出惰轮挤压所述挤出齿轮,当第一接近传感器无法感应到挤压挤出机扳手时触发挤出电机停止工作,此时挤出惰轮和所述挤出齿轮将耗材夹紧实现停止送料的目的。
- 一种导料机构,其特征在于,所述导料机构用于对权利要求1-24中任一所述的一种的3D打印机进行导料,导料机构被配置为按照如下方法来进行工作:一、送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至进料分通道;二、进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,并触发挤出电机和步进电机同步工作,通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印;三、当需要更换另一耗材时,需将上一进料分通道所对应的挤出电机与导料机构中的步进电机反向运动,将其进料分通道耗材退出至耗材读取装置读取无耗材位置处;四、另一耗材所对应的送料机构的挤出电机将所需的耗材输入至另一进料分通道;五、另一进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对耗材进行读取,并触发其对应的挤出电机和步进电机同步工作,通过主动齿轮将耗材输入至热端处开始打印。
- 根据权利要求29所述的一种导料机构,其特征在于,当导料机构出现故障时,手动按压杠杆的一端,所述杠杆的另一端将带动从动齿轮顶起,从动齿轮、耗材和主动齿轮分离,将耗材抽出导料机构,进行维修。
- 一种3D打印机的换料方法,其特征在于,所述换料方法适用于权利要求1-24中任一所述的3D打印机,换料方法包括:1)打印喷头组件在X轴传动机构和Y轴传动机构的作用下带动切料机构移动至3D打印机的固定架处,通过撞击切刀刀柄将耗材切断;2)进料分通道所对应的挤出电机与导料机构中的步进电机以及第二挤出电机反向运动,将其进料分通道内的耗材退出至耗材读取装置读取无耗材位置处或其对应送料机构的挤出齿轮侧;3)触发凸轮控制机构的凸轮电机转动从而带动第一挡块远离挤出机扳手,挤出机扳手上的挤出惰轮挤压挤出齿轮将耗材夹紧,同时第一接近传感器触发挤 出电机停止工作;4)送料机构的挤出齿轮反向转动将耗材回退;5)通过另一套送料机构的凸轮控制机构的凸轮电机转动带动第一挡块挤压挤出机扳手,并通过对应的第一接近传感器触发挤出电机开始工作,将另一耗材送到对应的送料机构的进料分通道;6)进料分通道内所对应的耗材读取装置对另一耗材进行读取,并触发挤出电机、步进电机和第二挤出电机同步工作,将另一耗材送到喷头侧,继续打印;7)利用权利要求20或21中所述的擦料机构进行擦料处理,与此同时第二挤出电机排出切断耗材后残留的耗材,并额外挤出长度为d的耗材,d大于等于0mm;或,步骤4)-步骤6)运行的同时,利用权利要求20或21中所述的擦料机构进行擦料处理。
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