WO2015135434A1 - 打印头及三维打印机 - Google Patents

打印头及三维打印机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015135434A1
WO2015135434A1 PCT/CN2015/073676 CN2015073676W WO2015135434A1 WO 2015135434 A1 WO2015135434 A1 WO 2015135434A1 CN 2015073676 W CN2015073676 W CN 2015073676W WO 2015135434 A1 WO2015135434 A1 WO 2015135434A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeve
printing
printing nozzle
nozzle
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/073676
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏健强
宋道权
Original Assignee
珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 filed Critical 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Publication of WO2015135434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015135434A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/57—Metering means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a component of a rapid prototyping apparatus and a rapid prototyping apparatus including the same, and more particularly to a printhead for a fused deposition type rapid prototyping apparatus and a three-dimensional printer including the same.
  • the present invention is based on a Chinese patent application filed on March 13, 2014, the application number of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a three-dimensional printer is a device that constructs a three-dimensional object by layer-by-layer printing based on a digital model using materials such as powdered metal or plastic.
  • One of the three-dimensional printers supplies a molding material to the printhead in the form of a filament, and the molding material is heated to a molten state in an electric heating manner in the printing head, and the print head will be in accordance with the print head of the three-dimensional printer controller.
  • the moving path prints out the three-dimensional object layer by layer.
  • a background image of a patent document with the publication number CN1216726C describes a three-dimensional printer for supplying a molding material to a print head in the form of a filament.
  • a filament 03 is wound on a reel 01, and the reel 01 is mounted. Up to the reel 02 of the reel mount of the three-dimensional printer, a print head for supplying the filament 03 to the three-dimensional printer can be realized.
  • the filaments 03 are pulled from the reel 01 such that the straightened filaments pass through the conduit 04 made of a material having less frictional resistance until the filaments are fed to the printhead.
  • the device 05, the feeding device 05 comprises a motor 051 and a pair of feeding rollers 052 and 053 driven by a motor 051.
  • the filaments enter the heater 061 under the driving of the feeding rollers 052 and 053, and the filaments are in the heater 061.
  • the inner portion is heated to a molten state, and the molten molding material is extruded and detachably deposited on the stage from the printing nozzle 062 provided at the end of the heater 061 by the subsequent filament thrust; the controller of the three-dimensional printer By controlling the print head to move in the horizontal XY plane while controlling the vertical movement of the stage in the Z direction, the three-dimensional object is printed layer by layer; in addition, the controller of the three-dimensional printer also controls the supply roller 052 And 053 the rate at which the filaments are supplied to the heater 061.
  • the printhead includes a feeding device 05, a heater 061, a printing nozzle 062, and a cooling device 07.
  • the cooling device 07 is used to regulate the temperature of the feeding device 05 and the heater 061 to ensure the consistency of the temperature of the molding material from the discharge port of the heater 061 into the feeding port of the printing nozzle 062, and improve the printing quality.
  • the filament is effectively prevented from being melted by heat at the junction of the feeding device 05 and the heater 061, and the feeding device 05 is caused to feed the heater 061.
  • the printing head continues to supply the filament to the heater 061 after the printing is stopped due to the feeding inertia of the feeding device 05, and the molten molding material continues to be extruded from the printing nozzle 062 under the action of the filament thrust. , dripping on the target molding, affecting the print quality; in addition, the molding material remaining in the printing nozzle 062 after the printing is stopped may drip on the molding as the printing head moves, affecting the printing quality.
  • the molding material remaining in the stopped print nozzle drops as the print head moves. Falling on the molded part affects the printing of the printing nozzle in the working state, which affects the print quality.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a print head for a three-dimensional printer which is designed to prevent a molding material remaining in a printing nozzle from dripping onto a molded article after the printing nozzle stops printing, thereby preventing the feeding inertia due to the feeding device. Continue to extrude the molding material to the target molded part to improve the print quality of the 3D printer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printer including the above print head.
  • the present invention provides a print head for a three-dimensional printer comprising a heater and a long cylindrical print nozzle; wherein the passage of the print nozzle is provided with a shut-off valve.
  • the shut-off valve since the shut-off valve is provided on the passage of the printing nozzle, when the printing nozzle is in the printing state, the shut-off valve is in an open state, ensuring that the molten molding material can pass through the passage of the printing nozzle and extrude the printing nozzle. And the printing work is completed smoothly; when the printing nozzle is in the stop printing state, the shut-off valve is in the closed state, which can effectively prevent the excess molding material from dripping onto the molded part due to the feeding inertia of the feeding device, thereby affecting the printing quality, It is possible to effectively prevent the molding material remaining in the passage of the printing nozzle from dripping on the molding member due to the vibration of the printing nozzle during the movement, thereby improving the printing quality.
  • the feeding port of the printing nozzle is fixedly connected with the discharge port of the heater;
  • the shut-off valve comprises a sleeve and a linear brake;
  • the sleeve comprises a self-closing seal fixed on one axial end thereof;
  • the stator of the actuator is fixedly connected with the sleeve, and the mover is fixedly connected with the printing nozzle;
  • the other axial end of the sleeve is formed with a through hole, and the printing nozzle is matched with the through hole;
  • the middle portion of the printing nozzle is formed with an outer portion
  • the shoulder, the outer shoulder has a diameter larger than the diameter of the through hole and is located in the inner cavity of the sleeve.
  • the linear actuator can drive the sleeve to move along the axial direction of the printing nozzle relative to the printing nozzle; when the printing nozzle is in the printing state, the discharging end of the printing nozzle passes through the self-closing sealing member and protrudes from the sleeve.
  • the inner cavity of the cylinder realizes the opening of the shut-off valve for printing work; when the printing nozzle is in the stop printing state, the printing nozzle retracts the inner cavity of the sleeve, and the self-closing sealing member closes the seal to realize the closing of the shut-off valve.
  • the feeding end of the printing nozzle is movably placed in the discharge port of the heater along the axial direction of the printing nozzle, and the two are sealed and matched;
  • the shut-off valve includes a sleeve and a linear brake;
  • the utility model comprises a self-closing seal fixed on one axial end of the sleeve; the stator of the linear actuator is fixedly connected with the sleeve, the mover is fixedly connected with the print nozzle; and the other axial end of the sleeve is formed with a pass.
  • the other axial end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the discharge end of the heater;
  • the printing nozzle is matched with the through hole, and an outer shoulder is formed on the middle portion of the printing nozzle, and the diameter of the outer shoulder is larger than the diameter of the through hole and Located in the inner cavity of the sleeve.
  • the linear actuator includes a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet; the first electromagnet is fixed on a side of the outer shoulder away from the through hole, and the second electromagnet is fixed on the inner cavity of the seal On one side.
  • shutoff valve is a pressure switch.
  • the feeding port of the printing nozzle is fixedly connected with the discharge port of the heater;
  • the shut-off valve comprises a sleeve and a linear brake controlled by the controller;
  • the sleeve comprises a closed type fixed on one axial end thereof a sealing member;
  • the stator of the linear actuator is fixedly connected with the sleeve, the mover is fixedly connected with the printing nozzle;
  • the other axial end of the sleeve is formed with a through hole;
  • the printing nozzle is matched with the through hole, and the middle portion of the printing nozzle is printed
  • An outer shoulder is formed, the outer shoulder having a diameter larger than the diameter of the through hole and located in the inner cavity of the sleeve.
  • the feeding end of the printing nozzle is movably placed in the discharge port of the heater along the axial direction of the printing nozzle, and the two are sealingly matched;
  • the shut-off valve includes a sleeve and a straight line controlled by the controller a brake;
  • the sleeve includes a self-closing seal fixed to one axial end thereof;
  • the stator of the linear actuator is fixedly coupled to the sleeve, the mover is fixedly coupled to the print nozzle; and the other axial end of the sleeve is formed a through hole, the other axial end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the discharge end of the heater;
  • the printing nozzle is matched with the through hole, and an outer shoulder is formed on the middle portion of the printing nozzle, and the diameter of the outer shoulder is larger than that of the through hole The diameter is located in the inner cavity of the sleeve.
  • the linear actuator includes a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet controlled by the controller; the first electromagnet is fixed on a side of the outer shoulder away from the through hole, and the second electromagnet is fixed in the seal The piece is located on one side of the inner cavity.
  • shutoff valve is a pressure switch.
  • the invention can effectively prevent the printing nozzle in the stop printing state from touching the printed portion of the target molding to completely destroy the appearance of the molding phenomenon and ensure the printing quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional three-dimensional printer
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a print head of a conventional three-dimensional printer
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the position distribution of each component in the printing state of the first embodiment of the printhead of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the position distribution of each component in the state in which the first embodiment of the print head of the present invention is in a stop printing state;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the position distribution of each component in the printing state of the fourth embodiment of the print head of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the position distribution of each component in a state in which the printing head of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is in a stop printing state;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the self-closing sealing member of the fourth embodiment of the printing head of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the position distribution of each component in the printing state of the sixth embodiment of the printhead of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the position distribution of a component in a state in which the printing head of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is in a stop printing state;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic enlarged view of the print head of Figure 10.
  • the print head is composed of a feeding device 15, a heater 161, a cooling device 17, a printing nozzle 162, and a shutoff valve, and the shutoff valve is an electronic pressure switch 181 provided in a discharge pipe of the printing nozzle 162.
  • the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the electronic pressure switch 181 to drive the end surface of the valve plate 1811 to rotate parallel to the axial direction of the printing nozzle 162, and the molten molding material passes through the printing nozzle.
  • the discharge tube of 162 is printed.
  • the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the electronic pressure switch 181 to drive the end face of the valve plate 1811 to rotate perpendicular to the axial direction of the print nozzle 162, and cut off the feed port of the print nozzle 162.
  • the passage between the discharge port and the discharge port is not limited to the stop printing state.
  • a pressure sensor is provided in the discharge pipe of the print nozzle, and when the pressure sensor detects the print nozzle When the internal pressure reaches a predetermined value, the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the pressure switch to be turned on; when the sensor detects that the pressure inside the printing nozzle drops below a predetermined value, the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the pressure switch to be turned off.
  • the print head is constituted by a feeding device 25, a heater 261, a cooling device 27, a printing nozzle 262, and a shutoff valve provided in an exit region of the printing nozzle 262; a peripheral shoulder is formed on the middle portion of the printing nozzle 262.
  • the table 2621; the stop valve is composed of a sleeve 281 and a linear actuator; a self-closing seal 282 is fixed to one axial end of the sleeve 281; the linear actuator is fixed to the outer shoulder 2621 and close to the printing nozzle 262.
  • the other axial end of the sleeve 281 is formed with a diameter smaller than the outer A through hole of the diameter of the shoulder 2621 that is in clearance with the print nozzle 262; when the sleeve 281 is assembled with the print nozzle 262, the outer shoulder 2621 is located in the inner cavity of the sleeve 281.
  • the self-closing seal 282 is an elastomeric seal having eight slits of equal size that extend through the two opposite end faces.
  • the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the opposite ends of the first electromagnet 284 and the second electromagnet 283 as opposite poles to attract each other, and the push sleeve 281 moves upward relative to the print nozzle 262. Due to the pressing action of the discharge end of the printing nozzle 262, the eight slits of the sealing member 282 are opened to form a passage through which the printing nozzle 262 passes, and the discharge end of the printing nozzle 262 extends out of the inner cavity of the sleeve 281 to Do the printing work.
  • the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the opposite ends of the first electromagnet 284 and the second electromagnet 283 to be the same magnetic pole and mutually repel each other, and pushes the sleeve 281 toward the printing nozzle 262.
  • the discharge end of the printing nozzle 262 is incorporated into the inner cavity of the sleeve 281, and the eight slits of the sealing member 282 achieve a closed seal under the action of their own elastic restoring force.
  • the fifth embodiment of the print head of the present invention only differences from the fourth embodiment of the above print head will be described below, and the relative movement between the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet, the sleeve and the print nozzle is eliminated.
  • the stator of the linear piezoelectric motor is fixedly connected to the sleeve, and the mover is fixedly connected with the print nozzle to realize quick opening and closing of the shut-off valve and miniaturization of the print nozzle.
  • the print head is constituted by a feeding device 35, a heater 361, a cooling device 37, a printing nozzle 362, and a shut-off valve provided at an exit region of the printing nozzle 362; a peripheral shoulder is formed on the middle portion of the printing nozzle 362.
  • the table 3621; the stop valve is composed of a sleeve 381 and a linear actuator; a self-closing seal 382 is fixed to one axial end of the sleeve 381; the linear actuator is fixed to the outer shoulder 3621 and close to the printing nozzle 362.
  • the other axial end of the sleeve 381 is formed with a diameter smaller than a through hole of a diameter of the outer shoulder 3621, the through hole is clearance-fitted with the printing nozzle 362;
  • the other axial end of the sleeve 381 is discharged from the heater 361
  • the end is fixedly connected, the outer shoulder 3621 is located in the inner cavity of the sleeve 381, the feeding end of the printing nozzle 362 is axially movable in the discharge opening of the heater 361, and the printing nozzle 362 and the discharge port of the heater 361 Sealing fit, the sealing fit is achieved by a bellows 39, ripple One end of 39 is sealingly connected with the feeding end of the printing nozzle 362, and the other end is sealingly connected with the
  • the controller controls the opposite ends of the first electromagnet 384 and the second electromagnet 383 to be opposite magnetic poles and attract each other, pushing the printing nozzle 362 to move downward relative to the sleeve 381 due to
  • the pressing action of the discharge end of the printing nozzle 362 causes the eight slits of the sealing member 382 to be opened to form a passage for allowing the printing nozzle 362 to pass, and the discharge end of the printing nozzle 362 protrudes from the inner cavity of the sleeve 381 for printing. jobs.
  • the controller of the three-dimensional printer controls the opposite ends of the first electromagnet 284 and the second electromagnet 283 to be the same magnetic pole and mutually repel each other, pushing the printing nozzle 362 upward relative to the sleeve 381.
  • the discharge end of the print nozzle 362 is pulled into the inner cavity of the sleeve 381, and the eight slits of the seal 382 achieve a closed seal under the action of their own elastic restoring force.
  • the three-dimensional printer of the present invention comprises a print head 43, a controller, a print cartridge, a stage 44, a frame, a print cartridge mount 42, and a print carriage movably mounted on the rack and controlled by the controller;
  • the print head 43 is fixed on the printing cart;
  • the print box supplies the molding material to the print head 43 in the form of filaments;
  • the print box is composed of a wire box 421, a wire box 422, a wire box 423 and a wire respectively carrying different color filaments.
  • the cartridge 424 is constructed.
  • the print head 43 integrates four print heads of the first embodiment of the above print head, that is, the number of print nozzles on the print head 43, the heating and melting chamber of the heater, the feeding device, the cooling device, and the shutoff valve.
  • the controller will control the shut-off valve provided on the printing nozzle to be closed, thereby effectively preventing excess molding material from dripping onto the molded part due to the feeding inertia of the feeding device.
  • the subsequent printing affects other printing nozzles to improve the printing quality; when the shut-off valve is in the closed state, due to the atmospheric pressure, the molding material remaining below the shut-off valve will not drip due to the vibration of the printing nozzle during the movement. Improve the print quality.
  • the print head is a print head of the first embodiment of the above-described print head.
  • the print head employs the print head of the fourth embodiment of the above print head.
  • the controller controls the opposite end of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet to be the same magnetic pole, and the two mutually repel each other, so that the discharge end of the printing nozzle enters the inner cavity of the sleeve.
  • the eight slits of the self-closing seal are closed and sealed, which can effectively prevent the excess molding material from dripping onto the molded part due to the feeding inertia of the feeding device, thereby affecting the printing quality; and can effectively prevent the remaining in the printing nozzle.
  • the molding material in the discharge pipe is dripped on the molding member due to the vibration of the printing nozzle during the movement, thereby improving the printing quality; in addition, the printing nozzle can remove the discharge port remaining in the printing nozzle during the movement of the relatively self-closing sealing member.
  • the peripheral molding material achieves the purpose of cleaning the print nozzle.
  • the controller controls the opposite end of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet disposed on the printing nozzle to be the same magnetic pole, and the two mutually repel each other to make the printing nozzle out.
  • the material end enters the inner cavity of the sleeve, and the eight slits of the self-closing sealing member are closed and sealed, which can effectively prevent the feeding inertia of the feeding device from causing excess molding material to drip onto the molding member and affect subsequent printing of other printing nozzles.
  • the printing nozzle to improve the print quality; can also effectively prevent the molding material remaining in the discharge pipe of the printing nozzle from dripping on the molded part due to the vibration of the printing nozzle during the movement, improving the print quality; the printing nozzle is in the relatively self-closing seal
  • the movement process can remove the molding material remaining on the periphery of the discharge port of the printing nozzle to achieve the purpose of cleaning the printing nozzle; in addition, the printing nozzle in the stop printing state retracts the discharge end of the printing nozzle in the printing state.
  • Stretching out of the inner cavity of the sleeve, that is, the discharge end of the printing nozzle in the printing state is more than the printing in the stop printing state
  • the discharge end of the nozzle is closer to the printing surface of the molded part, does not interfere with the printed portion, and does not damage the already printed portion due to touching the printing surface of the molded part during printing, which is particularly suitable for A multicolor 3D printer with multiple print nozzles.
  • the print nozzle can be removed for cleaning, and the molding material remaining in the print nozzle is cleaned to prevent the print nozzle from being clogged in the next print.
  • the concept of the present invention is mainly to provide a shut-off valve on the printing nozzle of the print head of the three-dimensional printer, which can effectively prevent the molding material remaining in the printing nozzle from dripping on the molded part and affect the printing quality, and can effectively prevent the
  • the feeding inertia of the feeding device causes the molding material to drip on the molded part, which affects the printing quality; according to the present concept, there are various obvious changes in the structure of the printing head, the shut-off valve and the driving mechanism of the shut-off valve.
  • the invention can drive the sleeve to move along the axial direction of the printing nozzle by the linear actuator; when the printing nozzle is in the printing state, the discharge end of the printing nozzle passes through the self-closing sealing member and protrudes into the sleeve The cavity is opened to realize the printing work; when the printing nozzle is in the stop printing state, the printing nozzle retracts the inner cavity of the sleeve, and the self-closing sealing member is closed and sealed to realize the closing of the shut-off valve; The discharge end of the printing nozzle of the state protrudes out of the inner cavity of the sleeve, and the printing nozzle in the printing stop state retracts the inner cavity of the sleeve, preventing the printing nozzle in the printing stop state from touching the printed portion of the target molding, ensuring Print quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于三维打印机的打印头，包括加热器（161）及长筒状的打印喷嘴（162），该打印喷嘴的通道上设有截止阀。此外，本发明还提供一种包含上述打印头的三维打印机。

Description

打印头及三维打印机
本发明涉及一种快速成型装置的部件及包含该部件的快速成型装置，特别涉及一种用于熔融沉积型快速成型装置的打印头及包含该打印头的三维打印机。本发明基于申请日为2014年03月13日、申请号为201410093979.3的中国发明专利申请，该申请的内容作为与本发明密切相关的参考文献引入本文。
三维打印机，是一种基于数字模型，利用粉末状金属或塑料等材料，通过逐层打印的方式构造三维物体的设备。其中一种三维打印机是以细丝的形式向打印头供给成型材料，成型材料在打印头内以电加热的方式被加热至熔融状态，打印头将按照三维打印机的控制器产生的打印头相对基底移动的路径以一层一层的方式打印出三维物体。
公告号为CN1216726C的专利文献的背景技术中描述了一种以细丝形式向打印头供给成型材料的三维打印机，参见图1，在卷盘01上缠绕有细丝03，将该卷盘01安装至三维打印机的卷盘安装架的转轴02上，从而可实现将细丝03提供给三维打印机的打印头。在使用过程中，将细丝03从卷盘01上拉出，使被拉直的细丝通过由摩擦阻力较小的材料制成的导管04，直至将细丝供给到打印头上的进料装置05，进料装置05包括电机051及由电机051驱动的一对供料滚轮052与053，在供料滚轮052及053的驱动下，细丝进入加热器061中，细丝在加热器061内经加热成熔融状态，熔融状态的成型材料在后续细丝推力的作用下，从设于加热器061末端的打印喷嘴062挤出并可拆卸地沉积于载物台上；该三维打印机的控制器通过控制打印头在水平的X-Y平面内运动，同时控制载物台在垂直的Z向运动，从而一层一层的打印出三维物体；此外，该三维打印机的控制器还控制着供料滚轮052及053向加热器061供给细丝的速率。
参见图2，打印头包括进料装置05、加热器061、打印喷嘴062及冷却装置07。冷却装置07用于对进料装置05及加热器061的温度进行调控，保证从加热器061的出料口进入打印喷嘴062的进料口的成型材料温度的一致性，提高打印质量，还可以有效地防止细丝在进料装置05与加热器061的连接处受热熔融，影响进料装置05向加热器061送料。
上述打印头在打印过程，由于进料装置05的送料惯性，停止打印之后还继续向加热器061供给细丝，在细丝推力的作用下，熔融状态的成型材料继续从打印喷嘴062中挤出，滴落于目标成型件上，影响打印质量；此外，停止打印之后残留于打印喷嘴062内的成型材料会随着打印头的移动而滴落在成型件上，影响打印质量。
对于集成多个打印喷嘴的多色打印头，在打印过程中，从一个打印喷嘴更换为另一个打印喷嘴工作时，残留在停止工作的打印喷嘴内的成型材料会随着打印头的移动而滴落于成型件上，影响处于工作状态的打印喷嘴的打印，影响打印质量。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种用于三维打印机的打印头，旨在于打印喷嘴停止打印之后，防止残留于打印喷嘴内的成型材料滴落于成型件上，防止由于进料装置的送料惯性而继续向目标成型件挤出成型材料，提高三维打印机的打印质量。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种包含上述打印头的三维打印机。
为了实现上述主要目的，本发明提供用于三维打印机的打印头包括加热器及长筒状的打印喷嘴；其中，打印喷嘴的通道上设有截止阀。
由以上方案可见，由于在打印喷嘴的通道上设有截止阀，当打印喷嘴处于打印状态时，截止阀处于开启状态，保证熔融状态的成型材料能够从打印喷嘴的通道中通过并挤出打印喷嘴而顺利地完成打印工作；当打印喷嘴处于停止打印状态时，截止阀处于关闭状态，可以有效地防止由于进料装置的送料惯性导致多余的成型材料滴落至成型件上而影响打印质量，也可以有效地防止残留于打印喷嘴的通道内的成型材料因为打印喷嘴在移动过程中震动而滴落于成型件上，提高打印质量。
一个具体的方案为，打印喷嘴的进料端口与加热器的出料端口固定连接；截止阀包括套筒及直线制动器；套筒包括固定于其一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；直线致动器的定子与套筒固定连接，动子与打印喷嘴固定连接；套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔，打印喷嘴与该通孔间隙配合；打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，外肩台的直径大于通孔的直径并位于套筒的内腔。
由以上方案可见，可以通过直线致动器驱动套筒相对打印喷嘴沿打印喷嘴的轴向移动；当打印喷嘴处于打印状态时，打印喷嘴的出料端穿过自闭式密封件而伸出套筒的内腔，实现截止阀的开启，以进行打印工作；当打印喷嘴处于停止打印状态时，打印喷嘴收回套筒的内腔，自闭式密封件闭合密封而实现截止阀的关闭。
另一个具体的方案为，打印喷嘴的进料端沿打印喷嘴的轴向可移动地置于加热器的出料端口内，且二者间密封配合；截止阀包括套筒及直线制动器；套筒包括固定于套筒的一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；直线致动器的定子与套筒固定连接，动子与打印喷嘴固定连接；套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔，套筒的另一个轴向端与加热器的出料端固定连接；打印喷嘴与通孔间隙配合，打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，外肩台的直径大于通孔的直径并位于套筒的内腔。
更具体的方案为，其中直线致动器包括第一电磁铁及第二电磁铁；第一电磁铁固定于外肩台远离通孔的一侧上，第二电磁铁固定于密封件位于内腔的一侧上。
再一个具体的方案为，其中截止阀为一压力开关。
由以上方案可见，当打印喷嘴处于打印状态时，打印喷嘴内的压力会提高，当打印喷嘴处于停止打印状态时，打印喷嘴内的压力会降低，可以通过监控打印喷嘴内的压力变化而控制压力开关的开启与关闭，从而实现上述截止阀的开启与关闭。
为了实现上述另一目的，本发明提供的三维打印机包括控制器及打印头；打印头包括加热器及长筒状的打印喷嘴；其中，打印喷嘴的通道上设有受控制器控制的截止阀。
一个具体的方案为，打印喷嘴的进料端口与加热器的出料端口固定连接；截止阀包括套筒及受控制器控制的直线制动器；套筒包括固定在其一个轴向端上的闭式密封件；直线致动器的定子与套筒固定连接，动子与打印喷嘴固定连接；套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔；打印喷嘴与通孔间隙配合，打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，外肩台的直径大于通孔的直径并位于套筒的内腔。
另一个具体的方案为，打印喷嘴的进料端沿打印喷嘴的轴向可移动地置于加热器的出料端口内，且二者密封配合；截止阀包括套筒及受控制器控制的直线制动器；套筒包括固定在其一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；直线致动器的定子与套筒固定连接，动子与打印喷嘴固定连接；套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔，套筒的另一个轴向端与加热器的出料端固定连接；打印喷嘴与通孔间隙配合，打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，外肩台的直径大于通孔的直径并位于套筒的内腔。
更具体的方案为，直线致动器包括受控制器控制的第一电磁铁及第二电磁铁；第一电磁铁固定于外肩台远离通孔的一侧上，第二电磁铁固定于密封件位于内腔的一侧上。
再一个具体的方案为，其中截止阀为一压力开关。
本发明可以有效地防止处于停止打印状态的打印喷嘴触碰目标成型件的已打印部分，度绝破坏成型件现象的出现，确保打印质量。
图1是一种现有三维打印机的结构示意图；
图2是一种现有三维打印机的打印头的结构示意图；
图3是本发明打印头第一实施例处于打印状态各组件位置分布示意图；
图4是本发明打印头第一实施例处于停止打印状态各组件位置分布示意图；
图5是本发明打印头第四实施例处于打印状态各组件位置分布示意图；
图6是本发明打印头第四实施例处于停止打印状态各组件位置分布示意图；
图7时本发明打印头第四实施例的自闭式密封件的结构示意图；
图8是本发明打印头第六实施例处于打印状态各组件位置分布示意图；
图9是本发明打印头第六实施例处于停止打印状态个组件位置分布示意图；
图10是本发明三维打印机第一实施例结构示意图；
图11是图10中的打印头放大结构示意图。
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
打印头第一实施例
参见图3至图4，打印头由进料装置15、加热器161、冷却装置17、打印喷嘴162及截止阀构成，截止阀为设于打印喷嘴162的出料管内的电子式压力开关181。
参见图3，当打印喷嘴162处于打印状态时，三维打印机的控制器控制电子式压力开关181驱动阀片1811的端面旋转至与打印喷嘴162的轴向平行，熔融状态的成型材料得以通过打印喷嘴162的出料管进行打印。
参见图4，当打印喷嘴162处于停止打印状态时，三维打印机的控制器控制电子式压力开关181驱动阀片1811的端面旋转至与打印喷嘴162的轴向垂直，切断打印喷嘴162的进料口与出料口间的通道。
打印头第二实施例
作为对本发明打印头第二实施例的说明，以下仅对与上述打印头第一实施例的不同之处进行说明，其中用机械式压力开关代替电子式压力开关。当打印喷嘴处于打印状态时，机械式压力开关处的压力增大并达到预定值时，机械式压力开关开启，熔融状态的成型材料得以通过打印喷嘴的出料管；当打印喷嘴处于停止打印状态时，机械式压力开关处的压力下降并降至预定值以下时，机械式压力开关关闭，切断打印喷嘴的进料口与出料口间的通道。
打印头第三实施例
作为对本发明打印头第三实施例的说明，以下仅对与上述打印头第一实施例的不同之处进行说明，在打印喷嘴的出料管内设有一个压力传感器，当压力传感器检测到打印喷嘴内压力达到预定值时，三维打印机的控制器控制压力开关开启；当传感器检测到打印喷嘴内压力降到预定值以下时，三维打印机的控制器控制压力开关关闭。
打印头第四实施例
参见图5及图6，打印头由进料装置25、加热器261、冷却装置27、打印喷嘴262及设于打印喷嘴262的出口区的截止阀构成；打印喷嘴262的中段上形成有一外肩台2621；截止阀由套筒281及直线致动器构成；套筒281的一个轴向端上固定有一自闭式密封件282；直线致动器由固定于外肩台2621靠近打印喷嘴262出料口一侧上的第一电磁铁284，及固定于自闭式密封件282靠近内腔一侧上的第二电磁铁283构成；套筒281的另一轴向端上形成有一直径小于外肩台2621的直径的通孔，该通孔与打印喷嘴262间隙配合；当将套筒281与打印喷嘴262配合组装一起时，外肩台2621位于套筒281的内腔。
参见图7，自闭式密封件282为一中间切有8个大小相同的贯通两个相对端面的切口的弹性密封件。
参见图5，当打印喷嘴262处于打印状态时，三维打印机的控制器控制第一电磁铁284与第二电磁铁283相对的一端为相反磁极而相互吸引，推动套筒281相对打印喷嘴262向上移动，由于打印喷嘴262出料端的挤压作用，使密封件282的8个切口被撑开而形成打印喷嘴262穿出的通道，打印喷嘴262的出料端伸出套筒281的内腔，以进行打印工作。
参见图6，当打印喷嘴262处于停止打印状态时，三维打印机的控制器控制第一电磁铁284与第二电磁铁283相对的一端为相同磁极而相互排斥，推动套筒281相对打印喷嘴262向下移动，将打印喷嘴262的出料端纳入套筒281的内腔，密封件282的8个切口在自身弹性恢复力的作用下实现闭合密封。
打印头第五实施例
作为对本发明打印头第五实施例的说明，以下仅对与上述打印头第四实施例的不同之处进行说明，取消第一电磁铁及第二电磁铁，套筒与打印喷嘴间的相对运动通过控制器控制的直线压电电机驱动，直线压电电机的定子与套筒固定连接，动子与打印喷嘴固定连接，以实现对截止阀的快速开启与关闭，及打印喷嘴的微型化。
打印头第六实施例
参见图8及图9，打印头由进料装置35、加热器361、冷却装置37、打印喷嘴362及设于打印喷嘴362的出口区的截止阀构成；打印喷嘴362的中段上形成有一外肩台3621；截止阀由套筒381及直线致动器构成；套筒381的一个轴向端上固定有有一自闭式密封件382；直线致动器由固定于外肩台3621靠近打印喷嘴362出料口一侧上的第一电磁铁384，及固定于自闭式密封件382靠近内腔一侧上的第二电磁铁283构成；套筒381的另一轴向端上形成有一直径小于外肩台3621的直径的通孔，该通孔与打印喷嘴362间隙配合；当将套筒381与打印喷嘴362配合组装一起后，套筒381的另一轴向端与加热器361的出料端固定连接，外肩台3621位于套筒381的内腔，打印喷嘴362的进料端可沿轴向移动地位于加热器361的出料口中，且打印喷嘴362与加热器361的出料口密封配合，该密封配合通过波纹管39实现，波纹管39的一端与打印喷嘴362的进料端密封连接，另一端与加热器361的出料端密封连接；自闭式密封件382为一中间切有8个大小相同的贯通两个相对端面的切口的弹性密封件。
参见图8，当打印喷嘴362处于打印状态时，控制器控制第一电磁铁384与第二电磁铁383相对的一端为相反磁极而相互吸引，推动打印喷嘴362相对套筒381向下移动，由于打印喷嘴362出料端的挤压作用，使密封件382的8个切口被撑开而形成容许打印喷嘴362通过的通道，打印喷嘴362的出料端伸出套筒381的内腔，以进行打印工作。
参见图9，当打印喷嘴362处于停止打印状态时，三维打印机的控制器控制第一电磁铁284与第二电磁铁283相对的一端为相同磁极而相互排斥，推动打印喷嘴362相对套筒381向上移动，将打印喷嘴362的出料端拉入套筒381的内腔内，密封件382的8个切口在自身弹性恢复力的作用下实现闭合密封。
三维打印机第一实施例
参见图10，本发明三维打印机由打印头43、控制器、打印盒、载物台44、机架、打印盒安装架42及可移动地安装于机架上受控制器控制的打印车构成；打印头43固定于打印车上；打印盒以细丝形式向打印头43提供成型材料；打印盒由分别承载有不同颜色细丝的丝料盒421、丝料盒422、丝料盒423及丝料盒424构成。
参见图11，打印头43集成了4个上述打印头第一实施例的打印头，即打印头43上的打印喷嘴、加热器的加热熔融室、进料装置、冷却装置及截止阀的数量均为四个，分别为打印喷嘴4371、4372、4373与4374，加热器的加热熔融室4361、4362、4363与4364，进料装置4331、4332、4333与4334，冷却装置4341、4342、4343与4344，及截止阀4381、4382、4383与4384；四个打印喷嘴分别用于喷出三种基色及黑色的成型材料。
在打印过程中，当一个打印喷嘴停止打印时，控制器将控制设于该打印喷嘴上的截止阀关闭，从而可以有效防止由于进料装置的送料惯性导致多余的成型材料滴落至成型件上而影响其他打印喷嘴的后续打印，提高打印质量；当截止阀处于关闭状态时，由于大气压力的作用，残留于截止阀以下的成型材料不会因为打印喷嘴在移动过程中震动而滴落于成型件上，提高打印质量。
三维打印机第二实施例
作为对本发明三维打印机第二实施例的说明，以下仅对与上述三维打印机第一实施例的不同之处进行说明，其打印头为1个上述打印头第一实施例的打印头。
在移动过程中，可以有效地防止由于进料装置的送料惯性导致多余的成型材料滴落至成型件上而影响打印质量；当截止阀处于关闭状态时，由于大气压力的作用，残留于截止阀以下的成型材料不会因为打印喷嘴在移动过程中震动而滴落于成型件上，提高打印质量。
三维打印机第三实施例
作为对本发明三维打印机第三实施例的说明，以下仅对与上述三维打印机第二实施例的不同之处进行说明，打印头采用上述打印头第四实施例的打印头。
在打印过程中，当打印喷嘴停止打印时，控制器将控制第一电磁铁与第二电磁铁相对的一端为相同磁极，二者相互排斥，使打印喷嘴的出料端进入套筒的内腔中，自闭式密封件的8个切口闭合密封，可以有效地防止由于进料装置的送料惯性导致多余的成型材料滴落至成型件上而影响打印质量；也可以有效地防止残留于打印喷嘴的出料管内的成型材料因为打印喷嘴在移动过程中震动而滴落于成型件，提高打印质量；此外，打印喷嘴在相对自闭式密封件的运动过程可以清除残留于打印喷嘴的出料口外围的成型材料，达到清洁打印喷嘴的目的。
三维打印机第四实施例
作为对本发明三维打印机第四实施例的说明，以下仅对与上述三维打印机第一实施例的不同之处进行说明，其中打印头集成了4个上述打印头第六实施例的打印头。
在打印过程中，当一个打印喷嘴停止打印时，控制器将控制设于该打印喷嘴上的第一电磁铁与第二电磁铁相对的一端为相同磁极，二者相互排斥，使打印喷嘴的出料端进入套筒的内腔，自闭式密封件的8个切口闭合密封，可以有效地防止进料装置的送料惯性导致多余的成型材料滴落至成型件上而影响其他打印喷嘴的后续打印，提高打印质量；也可以有效地防止残留于打印喷嘴的出料管内的成型材料因为打印喷嘴在移动过程中震动而滴落于成型件上，提高打印质量；打印喷嘴在相对自闭式密封件的运动过程可以清除残留于打印喷嘴的出料口外围的成型材料，达到清洁打印喷嘴的目的；此外，处于停止打印状态的打印喷嘴会收回套筒内，处于打印状态的打印喷嘴的出料端伸于套筒的内腔外，即处于打印状态的打印喷嘴的出料端比处于停止打印状态的打印喷嘴的出料端更接近于成型件的打印面，不会对已打印完的部分形成干涉，不会由于打印过程中触碰成型件的打印面而破坏已经打印完的部分，其特别适合于集成多个打印喷嘴的多色三维打印机。
对于上述打印头在完成打印之后，下一次打印之前，可以拆下打印喷嘴进行清洗，将残留于打印喷嘴内的成型材料清洗干净，防止在下一次打印时堵塞打印喷嘴。
本发明的构思主要是在三维打印机的打印头的打印喷嘴上设置一个截止阀，可以有效地防止残留于打印喷嘴中的成型材料滴落于成型件上而影响打印质量，也可以有效地防止由于进料装置的送料惯性而导致成型材料滴落于成型件上，影响打印质量；根据本构思，打印头的结构、截止阀及截止阀的驱动机构还有多种显而易见的变化。
本发明可以通过直线致动器驱动套筒相对打印喷嘴沿打印喷嘴的轴向移动；当打印喷嘴处于打印状态时，打印喷嘴的出料端穿过自闭式密封件而伸出套筒的内腔，实现截止阀的开启，以进行打印工作；当打印喷嘴处于停止打印状态时，打印喷嘴收回套筒的内腔，自闭式密封件闭合密封而实现截止阀的关闭；此外，由于处于打印状态的打印喷嘴的出料端伸出套筒的内腔，而处于停止打印状态的打印喷嘴收回套筒的内腔，防止处于停止打印状态的打印喷嘴触碰目标成型件的已打印部分，保证打印质量。

Claims (10)

  1. 打印头，用于三维打印机，包括加热器及长筒状的打印喷嘴；
    其特征在于：
    所述打印喷嘴的通道上设有截止阀。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述打印头，其特征在于：
    所述打印喷嘴的进料端口与所述加热器的出料端口固定连接；
    所述截止阀包括套筒及直线制动器；
    所述套筒包括固定在所述套筒的一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；
    所述直线致动器的定子与所述套筒固定连接，所述直线致动器的动子与所述打印喷嘴固定连接；
    所述套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔；
    所述打印喷嘴与所述通孔间隙配合，所述打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，所述外肩台的直径大于所述通孔的直径并位于所述套筒的内腔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述打印头，其特征在于：
    所述打印喷嘴的进料端沿所述打印喷嘴的轴向可移动地置于所述加热器的出料端口内，且密封配合；
    所述截止阀包括套筒及直线制动器；
    所述套筒包括固定在所述套筒的一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；
    所述直线致动器的定子与所述套筒固定连接，所述直线致动器的动子与所述打印喷嘴固定连接；
    所述套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔，所述套筒的另一个轴向端与所述加热器的出料端固定连接；
    所述打印喷嘴与所述通孔间隙配合，所述打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，所述外肩台的直径大于所述通孔的直径并位于所述套筒的内腔。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述打印头，其特征在于：
    所述直线致动器包括第一电磁铁及第二电磁铁，所述第一电磁铁固定于所述外肩台远离所述通孔的一侧，所述第二电磁铁固定于所述密封件位于所述内腔的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述打印头，其特征在于：
    所述截止阀为一压力开关。
  6. 三维打印机，包括控制器及打印头；
    所述打印头包括加热器及长筒状的打印喷嘴；
    其特征在于：
    所述打印喷嘴的通道上设有受所述控制器控制的截止阀。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述三维打印机，其特征在于：
    所述打印喷嘴的进料端口与所述加热器的出料端口固定连接；
    所述截止阀包括套筒及受所述控制器控制的直线制动器；
    所述套筒包括固定在所述套筒的一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；
    所述直线致动器的定子与所述套筒固定连接，所述直线致动器的动子与所述打印喷嘴固定连接；
    所述套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔；
    所述打印喷嘴与所述通孔间隙配合，所述打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，所述外肩台的直径大于所述通孔的直径并位于所述套筒的内腔。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述三维打印机，其特征在于：
    所述打印喷嘴的进料端沿所述打印喷嘴的轴向可移动地置于所述加热器的出料端口内，且密封配合；
    所述截止阀包括套筒及受所述控制器控制的直线制动器；
    所述套筒包括固定在所述套筒的一个轴向端上的自闭式密封件；
    所述直线致动器的定子与所述套筒固定连接，所述直线致动器的动子与所述打印喷嘴固定连接；
    所述套筒的另一个轴向端上形成有一通孔，所述套筒的另一个轴向端与所述加热器的出料端固定连接；
    所述打印喷嘴与所述通孔间隙配合，所述打印喷嘴的中段上形成有一外肩台，所述外肩台的直径大于所述通孔的直径并位于所述套筒的内腔。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述三维打印机，其特征在于：
    所述直线致动器包括受所述控制器控制的第一电磁铁及第二电磁铁，所述第一电磁铁固定于所述外肩台远离所述通孔的一侧，所述第二电磁铁固定于所述密封件位于所述内腔的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述三维打印机，其特征在于：
    所述截止阀为一压力开关。
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