WO2024114028A1 - 重型油缸吊装翻转工装及方法 - Google Patents

重型油缸吊装翻转工装及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024114028A1
WO2024114028A1 PCT/CN2023/117723 CN2023117723W WO2024114028A1 WO 2024114028 A1 WO2024114028 A1 WO 2024114028A1 CN 2023117723 W CN2023117723 W CN 2023117723W WO 2024114028 A1 WO2024114028 A1 WO 2024114028A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
clamping
heavy
turning
oil cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/117723
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈辉
朱思思
胡涵
朱全平
张易
陈虎东
吕开明
万刚
杨永明
Original Assignee
中国长江电力股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中国长江电力股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国长江电力股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024114028A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024114028A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
    • B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C15/00—Safety gear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of maintenance operations of hydraulic hoist cylinders of large hydropower stations, and in particular to a heavy-duty cylinder hoisting and turning tool and method.
  • the hydraulic gate hoist is fast and efficient in opening and closing the hydraulic gates of hydropower stations, making it more and more widely used in the hydropower industry.
  • the Three Gorges, Xiangjiaba, and Xiluodu hydropower stations currently under the jurisdiction of China Yangtze Power have a large number of hydraulic gate hoists. After several years of operation, the piston rods of these gate hoists have different degrees of local wear and rust on their surfaces. In addition, due to the harsh working environment of the gate hoist, the bolts are rusted and the gaskets are aged. It is necessary to regularly disassemble the gate hoist cylinder for parts replacement.
  • the hoist cylinder lifting and flipping process is a difficult point and a major source of danger in the gate hoist maintenance when the gate hoist cylinder is disassembled and assembled.
  • the current flipping scheme is to cooperate with the dam top gantry crane and the truck crane for lifting operations, which is dangerous, inefficient, and highly dependent on the work experience of the lifting and command personnel. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe, efficient, and movable cylinder flipping auxiliary equipment to improve the efficiency of the hoist cylinder lifting and flipping and reduce the safety risks and costs of the operation.
  • Chinese patent document CN113463583 B published/announced on March 18, 2022, discloses a method for on-site disassembly and assembly of a large oil cylinder for an accident rapid gate at the water inlet of a high-head power station, in which the oil cylinder is hoisted out from the gate orifice, turned over and laid flat on the dam surface, and a safe, efficient and economical disassembly and assembly process for the large oil cylinder for the accident rapid gate is adopted, overcoming the technical problems of long maintenance period, heavy workload, difficulty in operation and high safety risk in the disassembly and assembly of large oil cylinders in high-head power stations.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a heavy-duty cylinder hoisting and turning tooling, which can turn over the heavy-duty hydraulic cylinder safely and quickly.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for turning over the heavy hydraulic cylinder by hoisting and turning tooling, which can conveniently, quickly and safely turn over the heavy hydraulic cylinder of the hydropower station.
  • a heavy-duty oil cylinder lifting and flipping tool comprises a flatbed car structure, a flipping mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a clamping device
  • the flatbed car structure comprises a car body with an opening on one side, a steering driving wheel group is provided on one side of the bottom of the car body, and a passive wheel group is provided on the other side
  • the flipping mechanism is installed in the opening of the car body, one end of the supporting mechanism is installed on the flipping mechanism, and the other end is installed with a clamping device
  • the flipping mechanism comprises a supporting platform arranged at the bottom of the car body, a fixed hinge seat is installed on the side of the supporting platform close to the car body opening, the flipping hinge seat is hinged on the fixed hinge seat,
  • the flipping hinge seat comprises a top plate, a hinge plate is provided on the lower side of the top plate, the hinge plate and the fixed hinge seat are hinged by a hinge pin, and the top
  • the two ends of the hinge pin are connected with the fixed hinge seat, and the middle part of the hinge pin is equipped with a joint bearing connected with the hinge plate.
  • the steering driving wheel group is installed below the side of the vehicle body away from the opening, and includes driving wheels on both sides, driving wheel brackets, a rotating shaft, a driving motor and a steering device.
  • the driving wheel bracket is installed on the driving wheel through the central axis of the driving wheel.
  • the upper side of the driving wheel bracket is provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the vehicle body.
  • the driving motor is installed on one side of the driving wheel bracket, and the housing of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the driving wheel bracket.
  • the output shaft of the driving motor is drivingly connected to the central axis of the driving wheel.
  • the steering device includes a connecting rod and a steering cylinder. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the driving wheel brackets on both sides, and one end of the steering cylinder is hinged to the vehicle body, and the other end is hinged to one of the driving wheel brackets.
  • the passive wheel group is installed below one side of the vehicle body opening, and includes a passive wheel, a passive wheel bracket, and a connecting cross arm.
  • Two passive wheels are provided on each side, and the passive wheel bracket is rotatably connected to the passive wheel through the central axis of the passive wheel.
  • the connecting cross arm is installed above the two passive wheel brackets on each side.
  • a support seat is provided at the bottom of the vehicle body, and the middle part of the connecting cross arm is installed in the support seat and is rotatably connected to the support seat through a limit shaft.
  • the support mechanism includes a support shell, a side of the support shell is provided with a placement groove for placing the heavy cylinder piston rod shaft head, the lower end of the support shell is connected to the top plate, the upper end is provided with a half ring for installing a clamping device, the upper end of the half ring is provided with a supporting platform, and the clamping device is installed on the end face of the half ring located on one side of the placement groove.
  • the support mechanism is also provided with a gripping mechanism, which includes a gripping plate and a gripping cylinder.
  • the gripping plate is located at the lower side of the placement groove.
  • Connection holes are provided on both sides of the gripping plate and are hinged to the support shell.
  • One end of the gripping cylinder is hinged to the support shell, and the other end is hinged to the gripping plate. When the gripping cylinder retracts, it drives the gripping plate to enclose the lower side of the placement groove.
  • the clamping device includes two clamping parts, which are respectively installed on the two end faces of the half ring of the supporting mechanism located on one side of the mounting groove.
  • the clamping part includes a clamping fixing seat installed on the end face of the half ring.
  • One end of the clamping swivel seat is hinged to the clamping fixing seat, and the other end is hinged to one end of the clamping cylinder.
  • the other end of the clamping cylinder is hinged to the clamping fixing seat.
  • the flip mechanism is also provided with a slewing mechanism, which includes a slewing base, a slewing bearing, a slewing top seat and a slewing cylinder.
  • the slewing base is an annular frame
  • the lower side of the slewing base is fixedly connected to the top plate
  • the slewing top seat is rotatably installed in the slewing base through the slewing bearing
  • the supporting mechanism is installed on the slewing top seat
  • the slewing cylinder is installed in the internal space of the slewing base and the slewing top seat
  • one end of the slewing cylinder is hinged to the slewing base, and the other end is hinged to the slewing top seat
  • the slewing cylinder is telescopic to drive the slewing top seat to rotate.
  • It also includes a hydraulic system, which includes a hydraulic station.
  • the hydraulic station is installed on the vehicle body and is connected to the turning cylinder, the gripping cylinder, the clamping cylinder, and the rotating cylinder through hydraulic pipelines.
  • a method for performing heavy oil cylinder turning operation using the heavy oil cylinder hoisting and turning tool comprises the following steps:
  • the hydraulic system controls the extension of the flip cylinder to push up the flip hinge of the flip mechanism, so that the support mechanism is in an upright state;
  • the hydraulic system controls the extension of the clamping cylinder to open the two clamping swivel seats of the clamping device;
  • the hydraulic system controls the extension of the gripping cylinder to open the gripping plate of the gripping mechanism
  • the gantry crane lifts the heavy oil cylinder longitudinally, with the piston rod end of the heavy oil cylinder facing downward, and places the joint at the end of the piston rod of the heavy oil cylinder into the placement groove in the support mechanism.
  • the rotary oil cylinder is extended and retracted to adjust the direction of the support mechanism so that the heavy oil cylinder can be quickly aligned with the placement groove;
  • the gripping cylinder retracts, driving the gripping plate to enclose the lower side of the placement groove, limiting the joint at the end of the piston rod of the heavy oil cylinder to the placement groove, and then the clamping cylinder retracts, driving the two clamping swivels of the clamping device to embrace, and firmly clamp the heavy oil cylinder;
  • the gantry crane does not unload the force, and the rotary cylinder is extended and retracted to adjust the direction of the supporting mechanism so that the heavy cylinder is aligned with the notch side of the vehicle body;
  • the bottom of the vehicle body is provided with a steering active wheel group and a passive wheel group so that the entire flipping tooling can move flexibly.
  • the support mechanism is used to fix the heavy-duty oil cylinder, and the clamping device is used to clamp the fixed heavy-duty oil cylinder fixed on the support mechanism.
  • the flipping mechanism drives the support mechanism to flip in the vertical and horizontal states, thereby flipping the heavy-duty oil cylinder in the vertical and horizontal states.
  • the flipping hinge is eccentrically hinged on the fixed hinge. Under the design state of the eccentric structure, the overall weight of the heavy-duty oil cylinder is always hoisted on the gantry machine, and the load-bearing of the flatbed car structure is safer and more reliable.
  • the heavy-duty hydraulic cylinder can be flipped safely and quickly, the efficiency of lifting and flipping the cylinder of the gate hoist is improved, the safety hazards of manual lifting and flipping are reduced, the dependence on the operating level of personnel during the operation is reduced, and the safety risks and costs of the operation are reduced.
  • Both ends of the hinge pin are connected to the fixed hinge seat, and the middle of the hinge pin is equipped with a joint bearing connected to the hinge plate.
  • the joint bearing is installed in the hinge structure, and the maximum swing angle of the joint bearing is ⁇ 30°, which can meet the swing amplitude requirements when the heavy oil cylinder is tipped, making the flatbed car structure more stable.
  • the placement groove is matched with the piston rod shaft head of the heavy-duty oil cylinder.
  • the placement groove can prevent left and right shaking. Under the clamping of the clamping device, the heavy-duty oil cylinder is fixed in the supporting shell, with good stability and simple and convenient placement.
  • a gripping mechanism is also provided on the lower side of the supporting mechanism to further strengthen and stabilize the heavy oil cylinder.
  • the clamping space is used to clamp the cylinder body at the piston rod end of the heavy oil cylinder.
  • the locking ring is composed of a support with a circular ring.
  • the heavy oil cylinder is clamped on the clamping swivel and fixed with bolts passing through the locking rings on both sides to prevent the clamping cylinder from losing pressure and causing the heavy oil cylinder to loosen and cause a safety accident.
  • the flip mechanism is also provided with a slewing mechanism, which drives the supporting mechanism to facilitate better docking and angle adjustment between the supporting mechanism and the heavy oil cylinder.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention in use state.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the present invention in use.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention in use state.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the supporting mechanism of the present invention when it is laid down horizontally.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the rotary structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the closed structure of the clamping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the opening structure of the clamping device of the present invention.
  • a flatbed vehicle structure 1 a steering driving wheel set 11, a driving wheel 111, a driving wheel bracket 112, a rotating shaft 113, a driving motor 114, a connecting rod 115, a steering cylinder 116, a passive wheel set 12, a passive wheel 121, a passive wheel bracket 122, a connecting cross arm 123, a supporting seat 124, a limiting shaft 125, a vehicle body 13, a bearing platform 14, and a fixed hinge seat 141;
  • Rotating mechanism 3 rotating base 31, rotating bearing 32, rotating top seat 33, rotating oil cylinder 34;
  • Support mechanism 4 support shell 41, half ring 42, support platform 43, placement groove 44;
  • Clamping device 5 clamping fixed seat 51, clamping swivel seat 52, clamping cylinder 53, locking ring 54;
  • Gripping mechanism 6 gripping plate 61, gripping cylinder 62, connecting hole 63
  • Heavy oil cylinder 8 piston rod shaft head 81.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the heavy-duty oil cylinder hoisting and flipping tooling comprises a flatbed car structure 1, a flipping mechanism 2, a supporting mechanism 4 and a clamping device 5.
  • the flatbed car structure 1 comprises a car body 13 with an opening on one side, a steering driving wheel set 11 is provided on one side of the bottom of the car body 13, and a passive wheel set 12 is provided on the other side.
  • the flipping mechanism 2 is installed in the opening of the car body 13, one end of the supporting mechanism 4 is installed on the flipping mechanism 2, and the other end is installed with the clamping device 5;
  • the flipping mechanism 2 comprises a support 14 arranged at the bottom of the car body 13, a fixed hinge seat 141 is installed on the side of the support 14 close to the opening of the car body 13, and the flipping hinge seat is hinged at On the fixed hinge seat 141, the flip hinge seat includes a top plate 21, and a hinge plate 22 is provided on the lower side of the top plate 21.
  • the hinge plate 22 and the fixed hinge seat 141 are hinged by a hinge pin 23. See Figure 4.
  • the distance L2 from the top plate 21 located on the opening side of the vehicle body 13 to the hinge pin 23 is greater than the distance L1 from the top plate 21 away from the opening side of the vehicle body 13 to the hinge pin 23, so that the flip hinge seat is eccentrically hinged on the fixed hinge seat 141.
  • One end of the flip cylinder 24 is hinged to the base 14, and the other end is hinged to the lower side of the top plate 21, driving the flip hinge seat to flip around the hinge pin 23, and the support mechanism 4 is installed on the top plate 21.
  • a steering active wheel set 11 and a passive wheel set 12 are provided at the bottom of the vehicle body 13 so that the entire flipping tool can be moved flexibly.
  • the support mechanism 4 is used to fix the heavy-duty oil cylinder 8, and the clamping device 5 is used to clamp the fixed heavy-duty oil cylinder 8 fixed on the support mechanism 4.
  • the flipping mechanism 2 drives the support mechanism 4 to flip in the vertical and horizontal states, thereby flipping the heavy-duty oil cylinder in the vertical and horizontal states.
  • the flipping hinge is eccentrically hinged on the fixed hinge 141. Under the design state of the eccentric structure, the entire weight of the heavy-duty oil cylinder 8 is always hoisted on the gantry machine, and the load-bearing of the flatbed car structure 1 is safer and more reliable.
  • the heavy-duty hydraulic cylinder can be flipped safely and quickly, the efficiency of lifting and flipping the cylinder of the gate hoist is improved, the safety hazards of manual lifting and flipping are reduced, the dependence on the operating level of personnel during the operation is reduced, and the safety risks and costs of the operation are reduced.
  • both ends of the hinge pin 23 are connected to the fixed hinge seat 141, and the middle of the hinge pin 23 is equipped with a joint
  • the bearing 231 is connected to the hinge plate 22.
  • the joint bearing 23 is installed in the hinge structure, and the maximum swing angle of the joint bearing 23 is ⁇ 30°, which can meet the swing amplitude requirement when the heavy oil cylinder 8 is tilted, making the flatbed vehicle structure 1 more stable.
  • the steering driving wheel group 11 is installed below the side of the vehicle body 13 away from the opening, and includes driving wheels 111 on both sides, driving wheel brackets 112, shafts 113, driving motors 114 and steering devices.
  • the driving wheel brackets 112 are installed on the driving wheel 111 through the central axis of the driving wheel 111.
  • the upper side of the driving wheel bracket 112 is provided with a shaft 113, and the shaft 113 is rotatably installed in the vehicle body 13.
  • the driving motor 114 is installed on one side of the driving wheel bracket 112.
  • the housing of the driving motor 114 is fixedly connected to the driving wheel bracket 112.
  • the output shaft of the driving motor 114 is drivingly connected to the central axis of the driving wheel 111.
  • the steering device includes a connecting rod 115 and a steering cylinder 116.
  • the two ends of the connecting rod 115 are respectively hinged to the driving wheel brackets 112 on both sides.
  • One end of the steering cylinder 116 is hinged to the vehicle body 13, and the other end is hinged to one of the driving wheel brackets 112.
  • the steering and driving of the vehicle body 13 are realized by the steering driving wheel group 11.
  • the steering driving wheel set 11 is provided with two sets, which has better stability.
  • the output shaft of the driving motor 114 is connected to the central shaft of the driving wheel 111 through a clutch, so that the vehicle body 13 can move under the drive of the steering driving wheel set 11, and can also move without power under the drag of the door machine, which is convenient for lifting.
  • the passive wheel group 12 is installed below the opening side of the vehicle body 13, and includes a passive wheel 121, a passive wheel bracket 122, and a connecting cross arm 123.
  • Two passive wheels 121 are provided on each side, and the passive wheel bracket 122 is connected to the passive wheel 121 by rotation through the central axis of the passive wheel 121.
  • the connecting cross arm 123 is installed above the two passive wheel brackets 122 on each side.
  • a support seat 124 is provided at the bottom of the vehicle body 13, and the middle part of the connecting cross arm 123 is installed in the support seat 124 and is connected to the support seat 124 by rotation through a limit shaft 125.
  • Two passive wheels 121 are provided on each side, which has good stability.
  • the middle part of the connecting cross arm 123 is connected to the support seat 124 by rotation through a limit shaft 125, so that the passive wheel group 12 on each side can swing up and down, and the stability is better.
  • the support mechanism 4 comprises a support shell 41, the side of which is provided with a placement groove 44 for placing the piston rod shaft head 81 of the heavy oil cylinder 8, the lower end of the support shell 41 is connected to the top plate 21, the upper end is provided with a semi-ring 42 for installing the clamping device 5, the upper end of the semi-ring 42 is provided with a supporting platform 43, and the clamping device 5 is installed on the end face of the semi-ring 42 located on one side of the placement groove 44.
  • the placement groove 44 is adapted to the piston rod shaft head 81 of the heavy oil cylinder 8, and the placement groove 44 can prevent left and right shaking. Under the clamping of the clamping device 5, the heavy oil cylinder 8 is fixed in the support shell 41, with good stability and simple and convenient placement.
  • a gripping mechanism 6 is also provided on the lower side of the supporting mechanism 4, and the gripping mechanism 6 includes a gripping plate 61 and a gripping cylinder 62.
  • the gripping plate 61 is located on the lower side of the mounting groove 44, and connecting holes 63 are provided on both sides of the gripping plate 61 and are hinged to the supporting shell 41.
  • One end of the gripping cylinder 62 is hinged to the supporting shell 41, and the other end is hinged to the gripping plate 61.
  • the gripping cylinder 62 retracts, the gripping plate 61 is driven to enclose the lower side of the mounting groove 44, and the gripping plate 61 presses the lower end of the piston rod shaft head 81 of the heavy-duty cylinder 8.
  • the clamping device 5 includes two clamping parts, which are respectively installed on the two end faces of the half ring 42 of the supporting mechanism 4 located on one side of the mounting groove 44.
  • the clamping part includes a clamping fixed seat 51 installed on the end face of the half ring 42.
  • One end of the clamping swivel seat 52 is hinged to the clamping fixed seat 51, and the other end is hinged to one end of the clamping cylinder 53.
  • the other end of the clamping cylinder 53 is hinged to the clamping fixed seat 51.
  • the clamping swivel seats 52 on both sides embrace each other and form a clamping space for clamping the heavy cylinder 8 with the half ring 42.
  • the clamping space is opened, and locking rings 54 are also provided on the opposite sides of the clamping swivel seats 52 on both sides.
  • the clamping space is used to clamp the cylinder body of the piston rod end of the heavy oil cylinder 8.
  • the locking ring 54 is composed of a support with a circular ring.
  • the heavy oil cylinder 8 is clamped in the clamping swivel 52 and is fixed with bolts passing through the locking rings 54 on both sides to prevent the clamping cylinder 53 from losing pressure and causing the heavy oil cylinder 8 to loosen and cause a safety accident.
  • the turning mechanism 2 is further provided with a slewing mechanism 3, which includes a slewing base 31, a slewing bearing 32, a slewing top seat 33 and a slewing oil cylinder 34.
  • the slewing base 31 is an annular frame, and the lower side of the slewing base 31 is connected to the top plate. 21 is fixedly connected, the swivel top seat 33 is rotatably installed in the swivel base 31 through the swivel bearing 32, the support mechanism 4 is installed on the swivel top seat 33, and the swivel oil cylinder 34 is installed in the internal space of the swivel base 31 and the swivel top seat 33.
  • One end of the swivel oil cylinder 34 is hinged to the swivel base 31, and the other end is hinged to the swivel top seat 33.
  • the swivel oil cylinder 34 is telescopic to drive the swivel top seat 33 to rotate.
  • the swivel mechanism 3 drives the support mechanism 4, so that the support mechanism 4 can be better docked with the heavy oil cylinder 8 and the angle can be adjusted.
  • the hydraulic system is also included, and the hydraulic system includes a hydraulic station 7, which is installed on the vehicle body 13.
  • the hydraulic station 7 is connected to the tilting cylinder 24, the gripping cylinder 62, the clamping cylinder 53, and the rotating cylinder 34 through hydraulic pipelines.
  • the hydraulic station 7 is provided with a hydraulic electromagnetic reversing valve, and the action of the hydraulic electromagnetic reversing valve drives the extension and retraction of each cylinder.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a method for performing heavy oil cylinder turning operation using the heavy oil cylinder hoisting and turning tool comprises the following steps:
  • the turning tool is moved to the bottom of the gantry crane of the heavy cylinder 8 to be turned over;
  • the hydraulic system controls the extension of the flip cylinder 24, pushing up the flip hinge seat of the flip mechanism 2, so that the support mechanism 4 is in an upright state;
  • the hydraulic system controls the extension of the clamping cylinder 53 to open the two clamping swivel seats 52 of the clamping device 5;
  • the hydraulic system controls the extension of the gripping cylinder 62 to open the gripping plate 61 of the gripping mechanism 6;
  • the gantry crane lifts the heavy oil cylinder 8 longitudinally, with the piston rod end of the heavy oil cylinder 8 facing downward, and places the joint at the end of the piston rod of the heavy oil cylinder 8 into the placement groove 44 in the support mechanism 4.
  • the rotary oil cylinder 34 is telescopically adjusted to adjust the direction of the support mechanism 4, so that the heavy oil cylinder 8 can be quickly aligned with the placement groove 44;
  • the gripping cylinder 62 retracts, driving the gripping plate 61 to enclose the lower side of the placement groove 44, limiting the joint at the end of the piston rod of the heavy oil cylinder 8 to the placement groove 44, and then the clamping cylinder 53 retracts, driving the two clamping swivels 52 of the clamping device 5 to embrace, and firmly clamp the piston rod of the heavy oil cylinder 8;

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种重型油缸吊装翻转工装，包括平板车结构(1)、翻转机构(2)、支撑机构(4)和夹紧装置(5)，翻转机构(2)安装在车体(13)的开口内，支撑机构(4)一端安装在翻转机构(2)上，另一端安装有夹紧装置(5)；所述翻转机构(2)包括设置在车体(13)底部的承台(14)，承台(14)靠车体(13)开口一侧安装有固定铰座(141)，翻转铰座铰接在固定铰座(141)上，所述翻转铰座包括顶板(21)，顶板(21)的下侧设有铰接板(22)，铰接板(22)与固定铰座(141)通过铰接销轴(23)连接，翻转铰座偏心地铰接在固定铰座（141）上，翻转油缸（24）驱动翻转铰座围绕铰接销轴（23）翻转，支撑机构（4）安装在顶板（21）上。还公开了一种重型油缸翻转作业方法。能够对重型液压油缸进行安全、快速的翻转。

Description

重型油缸吊装翻转工装及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及大型水电站液压启闭机油缸检修作业技术领域，尤其涉及一种重型油缸吊装翻转工装和方法。
背景技术
液压启闭机在水电站水工闸门启闭上具备快速、高效的特点，使其在水电行业得到越来越广泛的应用。长江电力目前所管辖的三峡、向家坝、溪洛渡水电站拥有液压启闭机数量多，这些启闭机经过数年的运行，其活塞杆表面存在不同程度的局部磨损、锈蚀，并且由于启闭机所处的恶劣工作环境，导致螺栓锈蚀、密封垫老化等，需要定期对启闭机油缸拆解进行零部件更换。活塞杆的磨损、锈蚀等附着物，在启闭机运行过程中不仅将导致油缸密封的损坏，脱落物还将引起油液的污染，甚至导致控制阀块的堵塞和失效，最终影响液压启闭机的正常启闭。因此需定期对液压启闭机油缸进行检修。
由于液压启闭机所处的特殊空间位置环境，且启闭机油缸长度长，重量大，在对启闭机油缸进行拆装时，油缸起吊翻转过程为启闭机检修的难点和重大危险源。目前采用的翻转方案是由坝顶门机和汽车吊相配合起吊作业，危险性大、效率低，对起吊及指挥人员工作经验依赖性强。因此急需一种安全、高效、可移动的油缸翻转辅助装备，以提高启闭机油缸起吊翻转效率，降低作业安全风险和成本。
例如，中国专利文献CN113463583 B，公开/公告日：2022年3月18日，公开了一种种高水头电站进水口事故快速闸门大型油缸现场拆装方法，将油缸从闸门孔口吊出，在坝面实现翻身放平，采用安全、高效、节约性的完成事故快速闸门大型油缸的拆装工艺，克服高水头电站拆装大型油缸检修工期长、工作量大、操作难度和安全风险高的技术问题。其不在于，这种采用坝顶门机和汽车吊相配合，进行油缸翻身，危险性大、效率低，对起吊及指挥人员工作经验依赖性强，吊带出现松脱、滑动，油缸的巨大惯性冲击将导致门机或吊车的倾覆，发生严重安全事故。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：解决上述背景技术中存在的问题，提供一种重型油缸吊装翻转工装，该翻身作业装备能够对重型液压油缸进行安全、快速的翻转。
本发明要解决的另一个技术问题是：提供一种采用重型油缸吊装翻转工装进行翻身作业的方法，能够方便、快捷、安全的对水电站重型液压油缸进行翻转。
为了实现上述的技术特征，本发明的目的是这样实现的：重型油缸吊装翻转工装，包括平板车结构、翻转机构、支撑机构和夹紧装置，所述平板车结构包括一侧具有开口的车体，车体底部一侧设有转向主动轮组，另一侧设有被动轮组，翻转机构安装在车体的开口内，支撑机构一端安装在翻转机构上，另一端安装有夹紧装置；所述翻转机构包括设置在车体底部的承台，承台靠车体开口一侧安装有固定铰座，翻转铰座铰接在固定铰座上，所述翻转铰座包括顶板，顶板的下侧设有铰接板，铰接板与固定铰座通过铰接销轴铰接，顶板位于 车体开口一侧至铰接销轴的距离大于顶板远离车体开口一侧至铰接销轴的距离，使翻转铰座偏心的铰接在固定铰座上，翻转油缸一端与承台铰接，另一端铰接在顶板的下侧，驱动翻转铰座围绕铰接销轴翻转，支撑机构安装在顶板上。
所述铰接销轴的两端与固定铰座连接，铰接销轴的中部安装有关节轴承与铰接板连接。
所述转向主动轮组安装在车体远离开口一侧的下方，包括两侧的主动轮、主动轮支架、转轴、驱动马达以及转向装置，所述主动轮支架通过主动轮的中心轴安装在主动轮上，主动轮支架的上侧设有转轴，转轴转动的安装在车体内，驱动马达安装在主动轮支架一侧，驱动马达的壳体与主动轮支架固定连接，驱动马达的输出轴与主动轮的中心轴传动连接，所述转向装置包括连接杆和转向油缸，连接杆的两端分别与两侧的主动轮支架铰接，转向油缸一端与车体铰接，另一端与其中一个主动轮支架铰接。
所述被动轮组安装在车体开口一侧的下方，包括被动轮、被动轮支架、连接横臂，所述被动轮每侧设有两个，被动轮支架通过被动轮的中心轴转动的与被动轮连接，连接横臂安装在每侧的两个被动轮支架上方，车体的底部设有支撑座，连接横臂的中部安装在支撑座内，并通过限位轴转动的与支撑座连接。
所述支撑机构包括支撑壳体，支撑壳体的侧面设有用于放置重型油缸活塞杆轴头的安置槽，支撑壳体下端与顶板连接，上端设有用于安装夹紧装置的半环，半环的上端设有支承平台，所述夹紧装置安装在半环位于安置槽一侧的端面上。
所述支撑机构还设有握紧机构，所述握紧机构包括握紧板和握紧油缸，握紧板位于安置槽的下侧，握紧板的两侧设有连接孔铰接在支撑壳体上，握紧油缸一端与支撑壳体铰接，另一端与握紧板铰接，握紧油缸回缩时驱动握紧板将安置槽的下侧合围。
所述夹紧装置包括两个夹持部，两个夹持部分别安装在支撑机构的半环位于安置槽一侧的两个端面上，所述夹持部包括安装在半环端面的夹紧固定座，夹紧转座一端与夹紧固定座铰接，另一端与夹紧油缸的一端铰接，夹紧油缸的另一端与夹紧固定座铰接，两侧的夹紧油缸同时回缩时，两侧的夹紧转座合抱，与半环组成用于夹持重型油缸的夹持空间，两侧的夹紧油缸同时伸出时，打开夹持空间，两侧所述夹紧转座相对的一侧分别还设有锁紧环。
所述翻转机构上还设有回转机构，回转机构包括回转底座、回转轴承、回转顶座以及回转油缸，所述回转底座为环形框体，回转底座的下侧与顶板固定连接，回转顶座通过回转轴承转动的安装在回转底座内，支撑机构安装在回转顶座上，回转油缸安装在回转底座和回转顶座的内部空间，回转油缸一端与回转底座铰接，另一端与回转顶座铰接，回转油缸伸缩驱动回转顶座转动。
还包括液压系统，所述液压系统包括液压站，液压站安装在车体上，液压站通过液压管道分别和翻转油缸、握紧油缸、夹紧油缸、回转油缸连接。
一种采用所述重型油缸吊装翻转工装进行重型油缸翻转作业的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.将翻转工装运行至待翻转重型油缸的门机下方；
S2.液压系统控制翻转油缸伸长，推起翻转机构的翻转铰座，使支撑机构处于竖立状态；
S3.液压系统控制夹紧油缸伸长，打开夹紧装置的两个夹紧转座；
S4.液压系统控制握紧油缸伸长，打开握紧机构的握紧板；
S5.门机纵向吊运重型油缸，重型油缸的活塞杆端朝下，将重型油缸活塞杆端部的接头放置到支撑机构内的安置槽内，吊装时，回转油缸伸缩调整支撑机构的方向，使重型油缸能够快速的与安置槽对准；
S6.握紧油缸回缩，驱动握紧板将安置槽的下侧合围，将重型油缸活塞杆端部的接头限位到安置槽内，之后夹紧油缸回缩，驱动夹紧装置的两个夹紧转座合抱，将重型油缸的牢固夹持；
S7.门机不卸力，回转油缸伸缩调整支撑机构的方向，使重型油缸对正车体的缺口一侧；
S8.卸掉翻转油缸压力，门机缓慢下降，同时缓慢移动门机，且门机移动方向与车体开口方向一致；
S9.最终将重型油缸翻转至水平状态，并搁置在托架上；
S10.松开握紧油缸、夹紧油缸将重型油缸横向吊出，翻转工装驶离吊装区域，吊装完成。
本发明有如下有益效果：
1、车体底部设有转向主动轮组和被动轮组使整个翻转工装能够灵活移动，支撑机构用于固定重型油缸，夹紧装置用于夹紧固定在支撑机构上的固定重型油缸，翻转机构驱动支撑机构在竖直和横向状态翻转，从而使重型油缸在竖向和横向状态翻转。翻转铰座偏心的铰接在固定铰座上，在偏心结构的设计状态下，重型油缸的整体重量始终吊运在门机上，平板车结构的承载更加安全可靠。通过上述结构，能够对重型液压油缸进行安全、快速的翻转，提高启闭机油缸起吊翻转效率，降低了人工吊装翻转的安全隐患，降低了在操作作业过程中对人员的操作水平的依赖性，降低作业安全风险和成本。
2、铰接销轴的两端与固定铰座连接，铰接销轴的中部安装有关节轴承与铰接板连接。铰接结构中安装关节轴承，关节轴承的最大摆动角度为±30°，能满足重型油缸倾倒时的摆幅要求，使平板车结构更加稳定。
3、安置槽与重型油缸的活塞杆轴头相适配，安置槽能够防止左右晃动，在夹紧装置的夹持下，使重型油缸固定在支撑壳体内，稳定性好，放置简单便捷。
4、支撑机构的下侧还设有握紧机构，对重型油缸进一步加固稳定。
5、夹持空间用于对重型油缸的活塞杆端的缸体进行夹持，锁紧环为带有圆环的支座构成，在夹紧转座夹持重型油缸，采用螺栓穿过两侧锁紧环固定，防止夹紧油缸失压造成重型油缸松脱引起安全事故。
6、翻转机构上还设有回转机构，通过回转机构带动支撑机构，便于更好使支撑机构与重型油缸对接和调整角度。
附图说明
图1为本发明使用状态主视结构示意图。
图2为本发明使用状态侧视结构示意图。
图3为本发明使用状态立体结构示意图。
图4为本发明主视结构示意图。
图5为本发明侧视结构示意图。
图6为本发明俯视结构示意图。
图7为本发明支撑机构横向放倒时主视结构示意图。
图8为本发明回转结构立体剖视结构示意图。
图9为本发明支撑机构结构示意图。
图10为本发明夹紧装置闭合结构示意图。
图11为本发明夹紧装置打开结构示意图。
图中：平板车结构1，转向主动轮组11，主动轮111，主动轮支架112，转轴113，驱动马达114，连接杆115，转向油缸116，被动轮组12，被动轮121，被动轮支架122，连接横臂123，支撑座124，限位轴125，车体13，承台14，固定铰座141；
翻转机构2，顶板21，铰接板22，铰接销轴23，关节轴承231；
回转机构3，回转底座31，回转轴承32，回转顶座33，回转油缸34；
支撑机构4，支撑壳体41，半环42，支承平台43，安置槽44；
夹紧装置5，夹紧固定座51，夹紧转座52，夹紧油缸53，锁紧环54；
握紧机构6，握紧板61，握紧油缸62，连接孔63
液压站7；
重型油缸8，活塞杆轴头81。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式做进一步的说明。
实施例一：
参见图1-11，重型油缸吊装翻转工装，包括平板车结构1、翻转机构2、支撑机构4和夹紧装置5，所述平板车结构1包括一侧具有开口的车体13，车体13底部一侧设有转向主动轮组11，另一侧设有被动轮组12，翻转机构2安装在车体13的开口内，支撑机构4一端安装在翻转机构2上，另一端安装有夹紧装置5；所述翻转机构2包括设置在车体13底部的承台14，承台14靠车体13开口一侧安装有固定铰座141，翻转铰座铰接在固定铰座141上，翻转铰座包括顶板21，顶板21的下侧设有铰接板22，铰接板22与固定铰座141通过铰接销轴23铰接，参见图4，顶板21位于车体13开口一侧至铰接销轴23的距离L2大于顶板21远离车体13开口一侧至铰接销轴23的距离L1，使翻转铰座偏心的铰接在固定铰座141上，翻转油缸24一端与承台14铰接，另一端铰接在顶板21的下侧，驱动翻转铰座围绕铰接销轴23翻转，支撑机构4安装在顶板21上。车体13底部设有转向主动轮组11和被动轮组12使整个翻转工装能够灵活移动，支撑机构4用于固定重型油缸8，夹紧装置5用于夹紧固定在支撑机构4上的固定重型油缸8，翻转机构2驱动支撑机构4在竖直和横向状态翻转，从而使重型油缸在竖向和横向状态翻转。翻转铰座偏心的铰接在固定铰座141上，在偏心结构的设计状态下，重型油缸8的整体重量始终吊运在门机上，平板车结构1的承载更加安全可靠。通过上述结构，能够对重型液压油缸进行安全、快速的翻转，提高启闭机油缸起吊翻转效率，降低了人工吊装翻转的安全隐患，降低了在操作作业过程中对人员的操作水平的依赖性，降低作业安全风险和成本。
参见图5，铰接销轴23的两端与固定铰座141连接，铰接销轴23的中部安装有关节 轴承231与铰接板22连接。铰接结构中安装关节轴承23，关节轴承23的最大摆动角度为±30°，能满足重型油缸8倾倒时的摆幅要求，使平板车结构1更加稳定。
参见图1-4，转向主动轮组11安装在车体13远离开口一侧的下方，包括两侧的主动轮111、主动轮支架112、转轴113、驱动马达114以及转向装置，所述主动轮支架112通过主动轮111的中心轴安装在主动轮111上，主动轮支架112的上侧设有转轴113，转轴113转动的安装在车体13内，驱动马达114安装在主动轮支架112一侧，驱动马达114的壳体与主动轮支架112固定连接，驱动马达114的输出轴与主动轮111的中心轴传动连接，所述转向装置包括连接杆115和转向油缸116，连接杆115的两端分别与两侧的主动轮支架112铰接，转向油缸116一端与车体13铰接，另一端与其中一个主动轮支架112铰接。通过转向主动轮组11实现车体13的转向和驱动。具体的，转向主动轮组11设有两组，稳定性更好。驱动马达114的输出轴通过离合器与主动轮111的中心轴传动连接，使车体13能够在转向主动轮组11的驱动下移动，也可以在门机的拖拽下无动力移动，方便吊装。
参见图1-4，被动轮组12安装在车体13开口一侧的下方，包括被动轮121、被动轮支架122、连接横臂123，所述被动轮121每侧设有两个，被动轮支架122通过被动轮121的中心轴转动的与被动轮121连接，连接横臂123安装在每侧的两个被动轮支架122上方，车体13的底部设有支撑座124，连接横臂123的中部安装在支撑座124内，并通过限位轴125转动的与支撑座124连接。每侧设有两个被动轮121，稳定性好，连接横臂123的中部通过限位轴125转动的与支撑座124连接，使每侧的被动轮组12能够上下摆动，平稳性更好。
参见图9，所述支撑机构4包括支撑壳体41，支撑壳体41的侧面设有用于放置重型油缸8的活塞杆轴头81的安置槽44，支撑壳体41下端与顶板21连接，上端设有用于安装夹紧装置5的半环42，半环42的上端设有支承平台43，所述夹紧装置5安装在半环42位于安置槽44一侧的端面上。安置槽44与重型油缸8的活塞杆轴头81相适配，安置槽44能够防止左右晃动，在夹紧装置5的夹持下，使重型油缸8固定在支撑壳体41内，稳定性好，放置简单便捷。
为了对重型油缸8进一步加固稳定，支撑机构4的下侧还设有握紧机构6，所述握紧机构6包括握紧板61和握紧油缸62，握紧板61位于安置槽44的下侧，握紧板61的两侧设有连接孔63铰接在支撑壳体41上，握紧油缸62一端与支撑壳体41铰接，另一端与握紧板61铰接，握紧油缸62回缩时驱动握紧板61将安置槽44的下侧合围，握紧板61压紧重型油缸8的活塞杆轴头81的下端。
参见图10、11，所述夹紧装置5包括两个夹持部，两个夹持部分别安装在支撑机构4的半环42位于安置槽44一侧的两个端面上，所述夹持部包括安装在半环42端面的夹紧固定座51，夹紧转座52一端与夹紧固定座51铰接，另一端与夹紧油缸53的一端铰接，夹紧油缸53的另一端与夹紧固定座51铰接，两侧的夹紧油缸53同时回缩时，参见图10，两侧的夹紧转座52合抱，与半环42组成用于夹持重型油缸8的夹持空间，参见图11，两侧的夹紧油缸53同时伸出时，打开夹持空间，两侧所述夹紧转座52相对的一侧分别还设有锁紧环54。夹持空间用于对重型油缸8的活塞杆端的缸体进行夹持，锁紧环54为带有圆环的支座构成，在夹紧转座52夹持重型油缸8，采用螺栓穿过两侧锁紧环54固定，防止夹紧油缸53失压造成重型油缸8松脱引起安全事故。
参见图1-5、8，翻转机构2上还设有回转机构3，回转机构3包括回转底座31、回转轴承32、回转顶座33以及回转油缸34，所述回转底座31为环形框体，回转底座31的下侧与顶板 21固定连接，回转顶座33通过回转轴承32转动的安装在回转底座31内，支撑机构4安装在回转顶座33上，回转油缸34安装在回转底座31和回转顶座33的内部空间，回转油缸34一端与回转底座31铰接，另一端与回转顶座33铰接，回转油缸34伸缩驱动回转顶座33转动。通过回转机构3带动支撑机构4，便于更好使支撑机构4与重型油缸8对接和调整角度。
参见图1，还包括液压系统，所述液压系统包括液压站7，液压站7安装在车体13上，液压站7通过液压管道分别和翻转油缸24、握紧油缸62、夹紧油缸53、回转油缸34连接。液压站7上带有带有液压电磁换向阀，通过液压电磁换向阀的动作驱动各油缸伸缩动作。
实施例二：
一种采用所述重型油缸吊装翻转工装进行重型油缸翻转作业的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.将翻转工装运行至待翻转重型油缸8的门机下方；
S2.液压系统控制翻转油缸24伸长，推起翻转机构2的翻转铰座，使支撑机构4处于竖立状态；
S3.液压系统控制夹紧油缸53伸长，打开夹紧装置5的两个夹紧转座52；
S4.液压系统控制握紧油缸62伸长，打开握紧机构6的握紧板61；
S5.门机纵向吊运重型油缸8，重型油缸8的活塞杆端朝下，将重型油缸8活塞杆端部的接头放置到支撑机构4内的安置槽44内，吊装时，回转油缸34伸缩调整支撑机构4的方向，使重型油缸8能够快速的与安置槽44对准；
S6.握紧油缸62回缩，驱动握紧板61将安置槽44的下侧合围，将重型油缸8活塞杆端部的接头限位到安置槽44内，之后夹紧油缸53回缩，驱动夹紧装置5的两个夹紧转座52合抱，将重型油缸8的活塞杆牢固夹持；
S7.门机不卸力，回转油缸34伸缩调整支撑机构4的方向，使重型油缸8对正车体13的缺口一侧；
S8.卸掉翻转油缸24压力，门机缓慢下降，同时缓慢移动门机，且门机移动方向与车体13开口方向一致；
S9.最终将重型油缸8翻转至水平状态，并搁置在托架上；
S10.松开握紧油缸62、夹紧油缸53将重型油缸8横向吊出，翻转工装驶离吊装区域，吊装完成。

Claims (10)

  1. 重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：包括平板车结构(1)、翻转机构(2)、支撑机构(4)和夹紧装置(5)，所述平板车结构(1)包括一侧具有开口的车体(13)，车体(13)底部一侧设有转向主动轮组(11)，另一侧设有被动轮组(12)，翻转机构(2)安装在车体(13)的开口内，支撑机构(4)一端安装在翻转机构(2)上，另一端安装有夹紧装置(5)；所述翻转机构(2)包括设置在车体(13)底部的承台(14)，承台(14)靠车体(13)开口一侧安装有固定铰座(141)，翻转铰座铰接在固定铰座(141)上，所述翻转铰座包括顶板(21)，顶板(21)的下侧设有铰接板(22)，铰接板(22)与固定铰座(141)通过铰接销轴(23)连接，顶板(21)位于车体(13)开口一侧至铰接销轴(23)的距离大于顶板(21)远离车体(13)开口一侧至铰接销轴(23)的距离，使翻转铰座偏心的铰接在固定铰座(141)上，翻转油缸(24)一端与承台(14)铰接，另一端铰接在顶板(21)的下侧，驱动翻转铰座围绕铰接销轴(23)翻转，支撑机构(4)安装在顶板(21)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述铰接销轴(23)的两端与固定铰座(141)连接，铰接销轴(23)的中部安装有关节轴承(231)与铰接板(22)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述转向主动轮组(11)安装在车体(13)远离开口一侧的下方，包括两侧的主动轮(111)、主动轮支架(112)、转轴(113)、驱动马达(114)以及转向装置，所述主动轮支架(112)通过主动轮(111)的中心轴安装在主动轮(111)上，主动轮支架(112)的上侧设有转轴(113)，转轴(113)转动的安装在车体(13)内，驱动马达(114)安装在主动轮支架(112)一侧，驱动马达(114)的壳体与主动轮支架(112)固定连接，驱动马达(114)的输出轴与主动轮(111)的中心轴传动连接，所述转向装置包括连接杆(115)和转向油缸(116)，连接杆(115)的两端分别与两侧的主动轮支架(112)铰接，转向油缸(116)一端与车体(13)铰接，另一端与其中一个主动轮支架(112)铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述被动轮组(12)安装在车体(13)开口一侧的下方，包括被动轮(121)、被动轮支架(122)、连接横臂(123)，所述被动轮(121)每侧设有两个，被动轮支架(122)通过被动轮(121)的中心轴转动的与被动轮(121)连接，连接横臂(123)安装在每侧的两个被动轮支架(122)上方，车体(13)的底部设有支撑座(124)，连接横臂(123)的中部安装在支撑座(124)内，并通过限位轴(125)转动的与支撑座(124)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述支撑机构(4)包括支撑壳体(41)，支撑壳体(41)的侧面设有用于放置重型油缸(8)活塞杆轴头的安置槽(44)，支撑壳体(41)下端与顶板(21)连接，上端设有用于安装夹紧装置(5)的半环(42)，半环(42)的上端设有支承平台(43)，所述夹紧装置(5)安装在半环(42)位于安置槽(44)一侧的端面上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述支撑机构(4)还设有握紧机构(6)，所述握紧机构(6)包括握紧板(61)和握紧油缸(62)，握紧板(61)位于安置槽(44)的下侧，握紧板(61)的两侧设有连接孔(63)铰接在支撑壳体(41)上，握紧油缸(62)一端与支撑壳体(41)铰接，另一端与握紧板(61)铰接，握紧油缸(62)回缩时驱动握紧板(61)将安置槽(44)的下侧合围。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述夹紧装置(5)包括两个夹持部，两个夹持部分别安装在支撑机构(4)的半环(42)位于安置槽(44)一侧的两个 端面上，所述夹持部包括安装在半环(42)端面的夹紧固定座(51)，夹紧转座(52)一端与夹紧固定座(51)铰接，另一端与夹紧油缸(53)的一端铰接，夹紧油缸(53)的另一端与夹紧固定座(51)铰接，两侧的夹紧油缸(53)同时回缩时，两侧的夹紧转座(52)合抱，与半环(42)组成用于夹持重型油缸(8)的夹持空间，两侧的夹紧油缸(53)同时伸出时，打开夹持空间，两侧所述夹紧转座(52)相对的一侧分别还设有锁紧环(54)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：所述翻转机构(2)上还设有回转机构(3)，回转机构(3)包括回转底座(31)、回转轴承(32)、回转顶座(33)以及回转油缸(34)，所述回转底座(31)为环形框体，回转底座(31)的下侧与顶板(21)固定连接，回转顶座(33)通过回转轴承(32)转动的安装在回转底座(31)内，支撑机构(4)安装在回转顶座(33)上，回转油缸(34)安装在回转底座(31)和回转顶座(33)的内部空间，回转油缸(34)一端与回转底座(31)铰接，另一端与回转顶座(33)铰接，回转油缸(34)伸缩驱动回转顶座(33)转动。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装，其特征在于：还包括液压系统，所述液压系统包括液压站(7)，液压站(7)安装在车体(13)上，液压站(7)通过液压管道分别和翻转油缸(24)、握紧油缸(62)、夹紧油缸(53)、回转油缸(34)连接。
  10. 一种采用权利要求1-9任意一项所述的重型油缸吊装翻转工装进行重型油缸翻转作业的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    S1.将翻转工装运行至待翻转重型油缸(8)的门机下方；
    S2.液压系统控制翻转油缸(24)伸长，推起翻转机构(2)的翻转铰座，使支撑机构(4)处于竖立状态；
    S3.液压系统控制夹紧油缸(53)伸长，打开夹紧装置(5)的两个夹紧转座(52)；
    S4.液压系统控制握紧油缸(62)伸长，打开握紧机构(6)的握紧板(61)；
    S5.门机纵向吊运重型油缸(8)，重型油缸(8)的活塞杆端朝下，将重型油缸(8)活塞杆端部的接头放置到支撑机构(4)内的安置槽(44)内，吊装时，回转油缸(34)伸缩调整支撑机构(4)的方向，使重型油缸(8)能够快速的与安置槽(44)对准；
    S6.握紧油缸(62)回缩，驱动握紧板(61)将安置槽(44)的下侧合围，将重型油缸(8)活塞杆端部的轴头限位到安置槽(44)内，之后夹紧油缸(53)回缩，驱动夹紧装置(5)的两个夹紧转座(52)合抱，将重型油缸(8)牢固夹持；
    S7.门机不卸力，回转油缸(34)伸缩调整支撑机构(4)的方向，使重型油缸(8)对正车体(13)的缺口一侧；
    S8.卸掉翻转油缸(24)压力，门机缓慢下降，同时缓慢移动门机，且门机移动方向与车体(13)开口方向一致；
    S9.最终将重型油缸(8)翻转至水平状态，并搁置在托架上；
    S10.松开握紧油缸(62)、夹紧油缸(53)将重型油缸(8)横向吊出，翻转工装驶离吊装区域，吊装完成。
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