WO2024087481A1 - 一种耳机 - Google Patents

一种耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087481A1
WO2024087481A1 PCT/CN2023/083535 CN2023083535W WO2024087481A1 WO 2024087481 A1 WO2024087481 A1 WO 2024087481A1 CN 2023083535 W CN2023083535 W CN 2023083535W WO 2024087481 A1 WO2024087481 A1 WO 2024087481A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
emitting part
transducer
ear canal
emitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/083535
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
童珮耕
解国林
李永坚
徐江
招涛
武多多
戢澳
齐心
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority to CN202380040356.5A priority Critical patent/CN119213787A/zh
Priority to US18/451,138 priority patent/US11895454B1/en
Priority to US18/406,195 priority patent/US12143763B2/en
Publication of WO2024087481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087481A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2823—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2826—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/127—Non-planar diaphragms or cones dome-shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1066—Constructional aspects of the interconnection between earpiece and earpiece support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/023—Diaphragms comprising ceramic-like materials, e.g. pure ceramic, glass, boride, nitride, carbide, mica and carbon materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/09—Non-occlusive ear tips, i.e. leaving the ear canal open, for both custom and non-custom tips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/11—Aspects relating to vents, e.g. shape, orientation, acoustic properties in ear tips of hearing devices to prevent occlusion

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of acoustic technology, and in particular to a headset.
  • acoustic output devices e.g., headphones
  • electronic devices such as mobile phones and computers
  • acoustic devices can generally be divided into head-mounted, ear-hook, and in-ear types.
  • the output performance of acoustic devices has a great impact on the user experience.
  • an earphone comprising: a sound-emitting part, including a transducer and a shell accommodating the transducer; an ear hook, the ear hook comprising a first part and a second part, the first part being hung between the auricle and the head of the user, the second part being connected to the first part and extending toward the front and outer side of the auricle and connected to the sound-emitting part, so as to fix the sound-emitting part at a position near the ear canal but not blocking the ear canal opening, and within at least part of the frequency range, when the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.6V, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75dB.
  • an earphone comprising: a sound-emitting part, including a transducer and a shell accommodating the transducer; an ear hook, the ear hook comprising a first part and a second part, the first part being hung between the auricle and the head of the user, the second part being connected to the first part and extending toward the front and outer side of the auricle and connected to the sound-emitting part, so as to fix the sound-emitting part at a position near the ear canal but not blocking the ear canal opening, and within at least part of the frequency range, when the input current of the transducer does not exceed 35.3 mA, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • an earphone comprising: a sound-emitting part, including a transducer and a shell accommodating the transducer; an ear hook, the ear hook comprising a first part and a second part, the first part being hung between the auricle and the head of the user, the second part being connected to the first part and extending toward the front and outer side of the auricle and connected to the sound-emitting part, so as to fix the sound-emitting part at a position near the ear canal but not blocking the ear canal opening, and within at least part of the frequency range, when the input power of the transducer does not exceed 21.1 mW, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • an earphone comprising: a sound-emitting part, comprising a transducer and a shell accommodating the transducer; an ear hook, the ear hook comprising a first part and a second part, the first part being hung between the auricle and the head of the user, the second part being connected to the first part and extending toward the front and outer side of the auricle and connected to the sound-emitting part, so as to fix the sound-emitting part at a position near the ear canal but not blocking the ear canal opening, and within at least part of the frequency range, the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part is not less than 100dB/V, and the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part is the ratio of the sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part to the ear canal to the input voltage of the transducer.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ear according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG2 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an earphone according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG3A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wearing method of an earphone according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG3B is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earphone in a non-wearing state according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG4 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an earphone according to yet other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG5A is a schematic diagram of an acoustic model formed by headphones according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG5B is a schematic diagram of an acoustic model formed by headphones according to some other embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the sound in the ear canal when the sound-emitting part at least partially extends into the concha cavity according to some embodiments of the present specification. Pressure level curve;
  • FIG7 is an input voltage-frequency curve diagram corresponding to FIG6;
  • FIG8 is an input power-frequency diagram corresponding to FIG6;
  • FIG9 is a graph of sound generation efficiency-frequency corresponding to FIG6 ;
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earphone in a non-wearing state according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of exemplary wearing of headphones according to still other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary ear schematic diagram according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the ear 100 may include an external auditory canal 101, a concha cavity 102, a cymba concha 103, a triangular fossa 104, an antihelix 105, a scaphoid 106, an auricle 107, an earlobe 108, an auricle crus 109, an outer contour 1013, and an inner contour 1014.
  • the antihelix crus 1011, the antihelix crus 1012, and the antihelix 105 are collectively referred to as the antihelix region in the embodiments of the present specification.
  • the acoustic device can be supported by one or more parts of the ear 100 to achieve stability in wearing the acoustic device.
  • the external auditory canal 101, the concha cavity 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, and other parts have a certain depth and volume in three-dimensional space, which can be used to meet the wearing requirements of the acoustic device.
  • an acoustic device e.g., an in-ear headset
  • the wearing of the acoustic device can be achieved by means of other parts of the ear 100 other than the external auditory canal 101.
  • the wearing of the acoustic device can be achieved by means of parts such as the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, or the helix 107 or a combination thereof.
  • parts such as the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, or the helix 107 or a combination thereof.
  • it in order to improve the comfort and reliability of the acoustic device in wearing, it can also be further achieved by means of parts such as the earlobe 108 of the user.
  • the external auditory canal 101 of the user can be "liberated".
  • the acoustic device When the user wears the acoustic device (earphone), the acoustic device will not block the external auditory canal 101 of the user, and the user can receive both the sound from the acoustic device and the sound from the environment (for example, horn sounds, car bells, surrounding human voices, traffic control sounds, etc.), thereby reducing the probability of traffic accidents.
  • the acoustic device can be designed into a structure adapted to the ear 100 according to the structure of the ear 100, so as to achieve the wearing of the sound-generating part of the acoustic device at different positions of the ear.
  • the earphone may include a suspension structure (e.g., an ear hook) and a sound-generating part, the sound-generating part is physically connected to the suspension structure, and the suspension structure may be adapted to the shape of the auricle, so as to place the entirety or a portion of the structure of the ear sound-generating part in front of the crus helix 109 (e.g., the area J surrounded by the dotted line in FIG. 1 ).
  • a suspension structure e.g., an ear hook
  • the sound-generating part is physically connected to the suspension structure
  • the suspension structure may be adapted to the shape of the auricle, so as to place the entirety or a portion of the structure of the ear sound-generating part in front of the crus helix 109 (e.g., the area J surrounded by the dotted line in FIG. 1 ).
  • the entirety or a portion of the structure of the sound-generating part may contact the upper part of the external auditory canal 101 (e.g., the location of one or more parts such as the crus helix 109, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, and the helix 107).
  • the upper part of the external auditory canal 101 e.g., the location of one or more parts such as the crus helix 109, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, and the helix 107.
  • the entire or partial structure of the sound-emitting part may be located in a cavity formed by one or more parts of the ear (for example, the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.) (for example, the area M1 surrounded by the dotted lines in FIG. 1 which includes at least the cymba concha 103 and the triangular fossa 104, and the area M2 which includes at least the cavum concha 102).
  • the cavum concha 102 for example, the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.
  • this manual will mainly use an ear model with a "standard" shape and size as a reference to further describe the wearing method of the acoustic device in different embodiments on the ear model.
  • a simulator containing a head and its (left and right) ears made based on ANSI: S3.36, S3.25 and IEC: 60318-7 standards can be used as a reference for wearing an acoustic device, thereby presenting a scenario in which most users normally wear an acoustic device.
  • the ear simulator can be any one of GRAS 45AC, GRAS 45BC, GRAS45CC or GRAS 43AG.
  • the ear simulator can be any one of HMS II.3, HMS II.3LN or HMS II.3LN HEC.
  • the projection of the auricle on the sagittal plane refers to the projection of the edge of the auricle on the sagittal plane.
  • the edge of the auricle is composed of at least the outer contour of the helix, the earlobe contour, the tragus contour, the intertragus notch, the antitragus cusp, the helix notch, etc.
  • descriptions such as “user wears”, “in a wearing state” and “in a wearing state” may refer to the acoustic device described in this application being worn on the ear of the aforementioned simulator.
  • the structure, shape, size, thickness, etc. of one or more parts of the ear 100 can be differentially designed according to ears of different shapes and sizes. These differentiated designs can be manifested as characteristic parameters of one or more parts of the acoustic device (for example, the sound-emitting part, ear hook, etc. mentioned below) having different ranges of values to adapt to different ears.
  • three basic planes of the human body can be defined: the sagittal plane, the coronal plane, and the horizontal plane, as well as the sagittal axis, the coronal axis, and the horizontal plane.
  • the three basic axes are the sagittal plane, the coronal plane and the vertical axis.
  • the sagittal plane refers to a section perpendicular to the ground along the front-to-back direction of the body, which divides the human body into left and right parts
  • the coronal plane refers to a section perpendicular to the ground along the left-to-right direction of the body, which divides the human body into front and back parts
  • the horizontal plane refers to a section parallel to the ground along the up-down direction perpendicular to the body, which divides the human body into upper and lower parts.
  • the sagittal axis refers to the axis along the front-to-back direction of the body and perpendicular to the coronal plane
  • the coronal axis refers to the axis along the left-to-right direction of the body and perpendicular to the sagittal plane
  • the vertical axis refers to the axis along the up-down direction of the body and perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the front side of the ear described in the present application refers to the side of the ear that is along the sagittal axis and is located toward the facial area of the human body. Among them, by observing the ear of the above-mentioned simulator along the direction of the coronal axis of the human body, a schematic diagram of the front profile of the ear shown in Figure 1 can be obtained.
  • the description of the ear 100 is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
  • a person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications based on the description of the present application.
  • a partial structure of the acoustic device can shield part or all of the external auditory canal 101. These changes and modifications are still within the scope of protection of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is an exemplary wearing schematic diagram of the earphones shown in some embodiments of this specification.
  • the earphone 10 may include a sound-emitting portion 11 and a suspension structure 12.
  • the earphone 10 may wear the sound-emitting portion 11 on the user's body (e.g., the head, neck, or upper torso of the human body) through the suspension structure 12.
  • the suspension structure 12 may be an ear hook, and the sound-emitting portion 11 is connected to one end of the ear hook, and the ear hook may be arranged in a shape that matches the user's ear.
  • the ear hook may be an arc-shaped structure.
  • the suspension structure 12 may also be a clamping structure that matches the user's auricle, so that the suspension structure 12 may be clamped at the user's auricle.
  • the suspension structure 12 may include, but is not limited to, an ear hook, an elastic band, etc., so that the earphone 10 may be better hung on the user to prevent the user from falling during use.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be worn on the user's body, and a transducer can be provided in the sound-emitting portion 11 to generate sound for input into the user's ear 100.
  • the earphone 10 can be combined with products such as glasses, headphones, head-mounted display devices, AR/VR helmets, etc. In this case, the sound-emitting portion 11 can be worn near the user's ear 100 in a hanging or clamping manner.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be in the shape of a ring, an ellipse, a polygon (regular or irregular), a U-shape, a V-shape, or a semicircle, so that the sound-emitting portion 11 can be directly hung on the user's ear 100.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12 are separable structures.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12 can be connected by means of snap connection, welding, glue connection, threaded connection or screw connection, or the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12 can be connected by a connection structure (such as a transfer shell).
  • a connection structure such as a transfer shell.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can be separated from the suspension structure 12 or the connection structure, and the sound-emitting part 11 can be measured to obtain data such as size or volume.
  • the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 may be integrally formed with the suspension structure 12. Since the suspension structure 12 is used to wear the sound-emitting part 11 on the user, the suspension structure 12 and the inner side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 (such as the inner side IS in FIG3B ) are not in the same plane.
  • the plane where the inner side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 (such as the inner side IS in FIG3B ) is located can be used to cut off the section of the integrally formed structure as a separation position between the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12, and the plane where the upper side surface of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 (such as the upper side surface US in FIG3B ) is located can be used to cut off the section of the integrally formed structure as another separation position between the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12. Based on the aforementioned two separation positions, the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12 are distinguished for further measurement and other work.
  • At least part of the sound-emitting portion 11 may be located in the area J in front of the tragus of the user's ear 100 shown in Figure 1 or the anterior and lateral surface area M1 and area M2 of the auricle.
  • the following will be exemplified in conjunction with different wearing positions (11A, 11B, and 11C) of the sound-emitting portion 11.
  • the anterior and lateral surface of the auricle mentioned in the embodiments of this specification refers to the side of the auricle away from the head along the coronal axis
  • the posterior medial surface of the auricle refers to the side of the auricle facing the human head along the coronal axis.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11A is located on the side of the user's ear 100 facing the human facial area along the sagittal axis, that is, the sound-emitting portion 11A is located in the human facial area J on the front side of the ear 100.
  • a transducer is provided inside the shell of the sound-emitting part 11A, and at least one sound outlet hole (not shown in FIG. 2 ) may be provided on the shell of the sound-emitting part.
  • the sound outlet hole may be located on the side wall of the shell of the sound-emitting part facing or close to the external auditory canal 101 of the user, and the transducer may output sound to the external auditory canal 101 of the user through the sound outlet hole.
  • the transducer may include a diaphragm, and the chamber inside the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 is divided into at least a front cavity and a rear cavity by the diaphragm.
  • the sound outlet hole is acoustically coupled with the front cavity, and the vibration of the diaphragm drives the air in the front cavity to vibrate to produce air-conducted sound, and the air-conducted sound produced in the front cavity is transmitted to the outside through the sound outlet hole.
  • the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 may also include one or more pressure relief holes, and the pressure relief holes may be located on the side wall of the shell adjacent to or opposite to the side wall where the sound outlet hole is located, and the pressure relief holes are acoustically coupled with the rear cavity, and the vibration of the diaphragm also drives the air in the rear cavity to vibrate to produce air-conducted sound, and the air-conducted sound produced in the rear cavity can be transmitted to the outside through the pressure relief holes.
  • the transducer in the sound-emitting portion 11A can output sounds with a phase difference (for example, opposite phases) through the sound outlet and the pressure relief hole.
  • the sound outlet can be located on the side wall of the shell of the sound-emitting portion 11A facing the external auditory canal 101 of the user, and the pressure relief hole can be located on the side of the shell of the sound-emitting portion 11 away from the external auditory canal 101 of the user.
  • the shell can act as a baffle to increase the sound path difference between the sound outlet and the pressure relief hole to the external auditory canal 101, so as to increase the sound intensity at the external auditory canal 101 and reduce the volume of far-field sound leakage.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can have a long axis direction Y and a short axis direction Z that are perpendicular to the thickness direction X and orthogonal to each other.
  • the long axis direction Y can be defined as the direction with the largest extension dimension in the shape of the two-dimensional projection surface of the sound-emitting portion 11 (for example, the projection of the sound-emitting portion 11 on the plane where its outer side surface is located, or the projection on the sagittal plane) (for example, when the projection shape is a rectangle or a near rectangle, the long axis direction is the rectangle or near rectangle).
  • the short axis direction Z can be defined as the direction perpendicular to the long axis direction Y in the shape of the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sagittal plane (for example, when the projection shape is a rectangle or an approximate rectangle, the short axis direction is the width direction of the rectangle or the approximate rectangle).
  • the thickness direction X can be defined as the direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional projection plane, for example, consistent with the direction of the coronal axis, both pointing to the left and right directions of the body.
  • the long axis direction Y and the short axis direction Z are still parallel or approximately parallel to the sagittal plane
  • the long axis direction Y can have a certain angle with the direction of the sagittal axis, that is, the long axis direction Y is also tilted accordingly
  • the short axis direction Z can have a certain angle with the direction of the vertical axis, that is, the short axis direction Z is also tilted, as shown in the wearing condition of the sound-emitting part 11B in FIG2 .
  • the entire or partial structure of the sound-emitting part 11B can extend into the concha cavity, that is, the projection of the sound-emitting part 11B on the sagittal plane and the projection of the concha cavity on the sagittal plane have an overlapping part.
  • the specific content of the sound-emitting part 11B please refer to the content elsewhere in this specification, for example, Figure 3A and its corresponding specification content.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can also be in a horizontal state or an approximately horizontal state in the wearing state, as shown in the sound-emitting part 11C of Figure 2, the long axis direction Y can be consistent or approximately consistent with the direction of the sagittal axis, both pointing to the front and back direction of the body, and the short axis direction Z can be consistent or approximately consistent with the direction of the vertical axis, both pointing to the up and down direction of the body.
  • the sound-emitting part 11C in an approximately horizontal state, which means that the angle between the long axis direction Y of the sound-emitting part 11C shown in Figure 2 and the sagittal axis is within a specific range (for example, not more than 20°).
  • the wearing position of the sound-emitting part 11 is not limited to the sound-emitting part 11A, the sound-emitting part 11B and the sound-emitting part 11C shown in Figure 2, and it only needs to meet the area J, area M1 or area M2 shown in Figure 1.
  • the whole or part of the structure of the sound-emitting part 11 can be located in the area J surrounded by the dotted line in Figure 1.
  • the whole or part of the structure of the sound-generating part may be in contact with the position of one or more parts of the ear 100, such as the crus of the helix 109, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, the helix 107, etc.
  • the whole or part of the structure of the sound-generating part 11 may be located in a cavity formed by one or more parts of the ear 100 (e.g., the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.) (e.g., the area M1 enclosed by the dotted line in FIG. 1, which includes at least the cymba concha 103 and the triangular fossa 104, and the area M2 which includes at least the cavum concha 102).
  • the earphone 10 may adopt any one of the following methods or a combination thereof.
  • the suspension structure 12 is configured as a contoured structure that fits at least one of the posterior medial side of the auricle and the head, so as to increase the contact area between the suspension structure 12 and the ear and/or the head, thereby increasing the resistance of the acoustic device to falling off from the ear.
  • At least a portion of the suspension structure 12 is configured as an elastic structure so that it has a certain amount of deformation when being worn, so as to increase the positive pressure of the suspension structure 12 on the ear and/or the head, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • at least a portion of the suspension structure 12 is configured to abut against the ear and/or the head when being worn, so as to form a reaction force that presses the ear, so that the sound-generating portion 11 is pressed against the anterior lateral side of the auricle (for example, the area M1 and the area M2 shown in FIG. 1 ), thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 and the suspension structure 12 are configured to clamp the antihelix area and the area where the concha cavity is located from both sides of the front and rear inner sides of the auricle when the earphone is worn, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 or the structure connected thereto is configured to at least partially extend into the concha cavity 102, the concha 103, the triangular fossa 104 and the scaphoid 106, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off from the ear.
  • the end FE (also referred to as the free end) of the sound-emitting portion 11 can extend into the concha cavity.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 and the suspension structure 12 can be configured to clamp the aforementioned ear region from the front and rear sides of the ear region corresponding to the concha cavity, thereby increasing the resistance of the earphone 10 to falling off the ear, thereby improving the stability of the earphone 10 in the wearing state.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting portion is pressed in the concha cavity in the thickness direction X.
  • the end FE abuts against the concha cavity in the major axis direction Y and/or the minor axis direction Z (for example, abuts against the inner wall of the opposite end FE of the concha cavity).
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 refers to the end portion of the sound-emitting portion 11 that is arranged opposite to the fixed end connected to the suspension structure 12, also referred to as the free end.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be a regular or irregular structure, and an exemplary description is given here to further illustrate the end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11.
  • the end wall surface of the sound-emitting part 11 is a plane
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 is an end side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 that is arranged opposite to the fixed end connected to the suspension structure 12.
  • the end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 may refer to a specific area away from the fixed end obtained by cutting the sound-emitting part 11 along the Y-Z plane (a plane formed by the short axis direction Z and the thickness direction X), and the ratio of the size of the specific area along the long axis direction Y to the size of the sound-emitting part along the long axis direction Y may be 0.05 to 0.2.
  • the listening volume at the listening position (for example, at the opening of the ear canal), especially the listening volume of the mid-low frequency, can be increased, while still maintaining a good far-field sound leakage cancellation effect.
  • the quasi-cavity structure can be understood as a semi-enclosed structure surrounded by the side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity 102 structure.
  • the semi-enclosed structure makes the listening position (for example, at the opening of the ear canal) not completely sealed and isolated from the external environment, but has a leakage structure (for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.) that is acoustically connected to the external environment.
  • a leakage structure for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.
  • one or more sound outlet holes may be provided on the side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 close to or facing the user's ear canal, and one or more pressure relief holes may be provided on the other side walls of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, the side walls away from or away from the user's ear canal).
  • the sound outlet holes are acoustically coupled with the front cavity of the earphone 10, and the pressure relief holes are acoustically coupled with the rear cavity of the earphone 10.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 includes a sound outlet hole and a pressure relief hole
  • the sound output by the sound outlet hole and the pressure relief hole are acoustically coupled.
  • the sound output by the pressure relief hole can be approximately regarded as two sound sources, and the sound phases of the two sound sources are opposite.
  • the inner wall corresponding to the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity 102 forms a cavity-like structure, wherein the sound source corresponding to the sound outlet hole is located inside the cavity-like structure, and the sound source corresponding to the pressure relief hole is located outside the cavity-like structure, forming the acoustic model shown in FIG5A.
  • the ear hook may include a first portion 121 and a second portion 122 connected in sequence, wherein the first portion 121 may be hung between the posterior medial side of the user's auricle and the head, and the second portion 122 may extend toward the anterior lateral side of the ear (the side of the ear away from the human head along the coronal axis) and connect to the sound-emitting portion, thereby fixing the sound-emitting portion near the user's ear canal but not blocking the ear canal opening.
  • a sound outlet may be provided on the side wall of the housing facing the auricle, thereby directing the sound generated by the transducer out of the housing and then transmitting it to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 may include a transducer and a shell 111 for accommodating the transducer.
  • the shell 111 may be connected to an ear hook.
  • the transducer is used to convert an electrical signal into a corresponding mechanical vibration to generate sound.
  • a sound outlet hole 112 is provided on the side of the shell facing the auricle, and the sound outlet hole 112 is used to guide the sound generated by the transducer out of the shell 111 and then transmit it to the ear canal, so that the user can hear the sound.
  • the transducer e.g., a diaphragm
  • the transducer can separate the shell 111 into a front cavity and a rear cavity of the earphone, and the sound outlet hole 112 can be connected to the front cavity, and guide the sound generated by the front cavity out of the shell 111 and then transmit it to the ear canal.
  • part of the sound derived through the sound outlet 112 can be transmitted to the ear canal so that the user can hear the sound, and the other part can be transmitted to the outside of the earphone 10 and the ear together with the sound reflected by the ear canal through the gap between the sound-emitting part 11 and the ear (for example, the part of the concha cavity not covered by the sound-emitting part 11), thereby forming a first sound leakage in the far field; at the same time, one or more pressure relief holes are generally provided on other sides of the shell 111 (for example, the side away from or away from the user's ear canal).
  • the pressure relief hole is farther away from the ear canal than the sound outlet 112, and the sound transmitted from the pressure relief hole generally forms a second sound leakage in the far field.
  • the intensity of the aforementioned first sound leakage is equivalent to the intensity of the aforementioned second sound leakage, and the phase of the aforementioned first sound leakage and the phase of the aforementioned second sound leakage are (close to) opposite to each other, so that the two can cancel each other out in anti-phase in the far field, which is beneficial to reduce the sound leakage of the earphone 10 in the far field.
  • a sound outlet hole 112 connected to the front cavity is provided on the inner side surface IS of the housing 111 to guide the sound generated in the front cavity out of the housing 111 and then transmit it to the ear canal so that the user can hear the sound.
  • One or more pressure relief holes connected to the rear cavity may be provided on other sides of the housing 111 (for example, the upper side surface US or the lower side surface LS, etc.) to guide the sound generated in the rear cavity out of the housing 111 and then interfere with and cancel the sound output from the sound outlet hole 112 in the far field.
  • the pressure relief hole is farther away from the ear canal than the sound outlet hole 112 to reduce the anti-phase cancellation between the sound output through the pressure relief hole and the sound output through the sound outlet hole 112 at the listening position.
  • the listening volume at the listening position (for example, at the opening of the ear canal), especially the listening volume of the mid-low frequency, can be increased, while still maintaining a good far-field sound leakage cancellation effect.
  • the quasi-cavity structure can be understood as a semi-enclosed structure surrounded by the side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity 102 structure.
  • the semi-enclosed structure makes the listening position (for example, at the opening of the ear canal) not completely sealed and isolated from the external environment, but has a leakage structure (for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.) that is acoustically connected to the external environment.
  • a leakage structure for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.
  • one or more sound outlet holes may be provided on the side of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 close to or facing the user's ear canal, and one or more pressure relief holes may be provided on the other side walls of the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, the side walls away from or away from the user's ear canal).
  • the sound outlet hole is acoustically coupled with the front cavity of the earphone 10, and the pressure relief hole is acoustically coupled with the back cavity of the earphone 10.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 includes a sound outlet hole and a pressure relief hole
  • the sound output by the sound outlet hole and the sound output by the pressure relief hole can be approximately regarded as two sound sources, and the sound phases of the two sound sources are opposite.
  • the cavity-like structure 402 may include a listening position and at least one sound source 401A.
  • “include” may indicate that at least one of the listening position and the sound source 401A is inside the cavity-like structure 402, or at least one of the listening position and the sound source 401A is at the inner edge of the cavity-like structure 402.
  • the listening position may be equivalent to the entrance of the ear canal or inside the ear canal, or may be an acoustic reference point of the ear, such as the ear reference point (ERP), the ear-drum reference point (DRP), etc., or may be an entrance structure leading to the listener, etc.
  • the sound source 401B is located outside the cavity-like structure 402, and the sound sources 401A and 401B with opposite phases radiate sound to the surrounding space respectively and cause interference and destructive phenomenon of sound waves, thereby achieving the effect of sound leakage and destructive effect. Specifically, since the sound source 401A is wrapped by the cavity-like structure 402, most of the sound radiated by it will reach the listening position by direct or reflected means.
  • the sound generated by the secondary sound source 401B' has a weak anti-phase cancellation effect on the sound source 401A in the cavity, which significantly increases the listening volume at the listening position.
  • the sound source 401A radiating sound to the outside through the leakage structure 403 of the cavity is equivalent to generating a secondary sound source 401A' at the leakage structure 403. Since almost all the sound radiated by the sound source 401A is output from the leakage structure 403, and the scale of the cavity-like structure 402 is much smaller than the spatial scale of the evaluated sound leakage (at least one order of magnitude different), it can be considered that the intensity of the secondary sound source 401A' is equivalent to that of the sound source 401A, and a considerable sound leakage reduction effect is still maintained.
  • the acoustic model shown in FIG5A can be constructed by arranging the sound outlet 112 at a position where the shell of the sound-emitting part faces the opening of the user's ear canal and is close to the edge of the concha cavity, so that the user can hear a louder listening volume when wearing headphones.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can have a better sound output efficiency.
  • the better sound output efficiency mentioned here can be understood as that even if a smaller input signal is provided to the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, a smaller input voltage or input power is provided to the transducer of the sound-emitting part 11), the sound-emitting part can still provide a sufficiently large volume to the user, that is, a sound pressure exceeding a specific threshold can be generated in the user's ear canal.
  • a smaller input signal for example, a smaller input voltage or input power is provided to the transducer of the sound-emitting part 11
  • the sound-emitting part can still provide a sufficiently large volume to the user, that is, a sound pressure exceeding a specific threshold can be generated in the user's ear canal.
  • the sound-emitting portion may have other wearing methods different from extending into the concha cavity as shown in FIG3A , and may also achieve better sound output efficiency. Detailed description is given below using the earphone 10 shown in FIG4 as an example.
  • At least part of the sound-emitting part 11 can cover the anti-helix area of the user. At this time, the sound-emitting part 11 is located above the concha cavity 102 and the ear canal opening, and the ear canal opening of the user is in an open state.
  • the shell of the sound-emitting part 11 may include at least one sound outlet and a pressure relief hole, the sound outlet is acoustically coupled with the front cavity of the earphone 10, and the pressure relief hole is acoustically coupled with the back cavity of the earphone 10, wherein the sound output by the sound outlet and the sound output by the pressure relief hole can be approximately regarded as two sound sources, and the sounds of the two sound sources have opposite phases.
  • the sound outlet is located on the side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 facing or close to the ear canal opening of the user
  • the pressure relief hole is located on the side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 away from or away from the ear canal opening of the user.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's auricle can form a structure similar to a baffle, wherein the sound source corresponding to the sound outlet is located on one side of the baffle, and the sound source corresponding to the pressure relief hole bypasses the sound-emitting part 11 and the user's auricle and is located on the other side of the baffle, forming the acoustic model shown in Figure 5B.
  • FIG5B when a baffle is provided between sound source A1 and sound source A2, in the near field, the sound field of sound source A2 needs to bypass the baffle to interfere with the sound wave of sound source A1 at the listening position, which is equivalent to increasing the sound path from sound source A2 to the listening position.
  • the amplitude difference of the sound waves of sound source A1 and sound source A2 at the listening position increases compared to the case where no baffle is provided, thereby reducing the degree of cancellation of the two-way sound at the listening position, thereby increasing the volume at the listening position.
  • the sound waves generated by sound source A1 and sound source A2 do not need to bypass the baffle to interfere in a larger spatial range (similar to the case without a baffle), the sound leakage in the far field will not increase significantly compared to the case without a baffle. Therefore, by providing a baffle structure around one of the sound sources of sound source A1 and sound source A2, the volume at the near-field listening position can be significantly increased without significantly increasing the sound leakage volume in the far field.
  • the user can hear a louder listening volume when wearing the earphone.
  • This method can also make the sound-emitting part 11 have a better sound output efficiency.
  • the sound waves generated by the transducer are transmitted through the sound outlet hole so as to be transmitted into the external auditory canal.
  • the transducer is a component that can receive electrical signals and convert them into sound signals for output.
  • the transducer may include a diaphragm, a voice coil, and a magnetic circuit assembly. One end of the voice coil is fixedly connected to the diaphragm, and the other end extends into the magnetic gap formed by the magnetic circuit assembly. By providing current to the voice coil, the voice coil can be vibrated in the magnetic gap, thereby driving the diaphragm to vibrate to generate sound waves.
  • the headphones 10 may need to provide a higher volume to ensure a better listening effect.
  • the special design of the structure and wearing method of the sound-emitting part 11 described elsewhere in this specification for example, forming an acoustic model as shown in Figure 5A or 5B), it is possible to ensure that there is sufficient sound pressure in the ear canal even when the input power (or input voltage) of the transducer is small.
  • the listening position is located in the ear canal as an example. It should be noted that in other embodiments, it can also be the ear acoustic reference point mentioned above, such as the ear reference point (ERP), the tympanic membrane reference point (DRP), etc., or it can be an entrance structure leading to the listener, and the sound pressure corresponding to the above position should also be increased or decreased accordingly.
  • ERP ear reference point
  • DRP tympanic membrane reference point
  • the sound pressure corresponding to the above position should also be increased or decreased accordingly.
  • the sound pressure in the ear canal described in this specification can be measured in the following manner: using the simulator containing the head and its ear described above as a reference for wearing an acoustic device, a test is performed to obtain the sound pressure provided by the sound-generating part 11 to the ear canal.
  • a device with a playback function such as a mobile phone, DAP, etc.
  • a sweep signal such as a sweep signal with a frequency range of 20Hz to 20000Hz.
  • the playback device can generate output signals corresponding to different volume levels.
  • the signal output by the playback device may include multiple volume levels, each volume level corresponding to a different input voltage or input current of the transducer input signal.
  • the output signal of each volume level is used to control the earphone 10 to play the sweep signal, and the sound pressure generated and transmitted to the ear canal by the transducer under different input signal input voltages or input currents is recorded respectively.
  • the volume of the playback device can be divided into 8 volume levels, and the volume levels corresponding to the maximum volume to the minimum volume can be the maximum volume, negative one grid, negative two grids, negative three grids, ..., negative seven grids.
  • the maximum volume and the minimum volume of the playback device may be divided into other number of volume levels, such as 3, 5, 20, etc.
  • the output signal of the playback device may be a sinusoidal signal.
  • a microphone is provided in the ear canal of the simulator including the head and the ear, and the microphone can be connected to a sound input device (such as a computer sound card, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc.)
  • the processing device such as a computer further receives the level signal converted by the microphone and records or processes it.
  • the sound pressure in the ear canal can also be measured in the following manner: obtain a simulated head model or simulated ear model that is not dedicated to acoustic measurement, and seal the end of the model ear canal to construct a structure similar to a human ear.
  • An acoustic test microphone is set in the model ear canal, and the level signal converted by the microphone is collected to replace the aforementioned simulator containing the head and its ear, so as to obtain the sound pressure in the ear canal.
  • the hearing frequency range of the human ear is roughly between 20Hz and 20000Hz, but the hearing of the human ear is not sensitive to some frequency bands, such as low frequency (such as below 300Hz) or high frequency (such as above 5000Hz).
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can have better sound output efficiency within a specific frequency range, that is, when the input voltage or input power of the input signal of the transducer is constant, the sound-emitting part 11 can provide a sufficiently large volume to the user within a specific frequency range, so that a sound pressure exceeding a specific threshold can be generated in the user's ear canal.
  • the sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal within the range of 300Hz to 5000Hz can be increased, so that the earphone 10 has a better listening effect.
  • the sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal can be increased within the range of 600Hz to 2000Hz, so that the earphone 10 has a better listening effect.
  • FIG6 shows a sound pressure level (SPL) curve in the ear canal when the sound-emitting portion 11 at least partially extends into the concha cavity, wherein the horizontal axis represents frequency in Hertz Hz; the vertical axis represents sound pressure in decibel dB.
  • the solid line 610 in FIG6 represents the sound pressure level curve of the earphone 10 in the ear canal when the playback device outputs an output signal at the maximum volume level, and the other line segments represent the sound pressure level curve of the earphone 10 in the ear canal when the playback device outputs a smaller volume level (negative one grid to negative seven grids).
  • FIG. 7 is an input voltage-frequency curve corresponding to FIG. 6 , wherein the horizontal axis represents the frequency in Hertz Hz; the vertical axis represents the input voltage of the transducer input signal in volts V. It should be noted that, since the input signal of the transducer is a sinusoidal signal, the input voltage of the input signal can also be understood as the effective voltage value (Vrms) corresponding to the sinusoidal signal.
  • the solid line 710 in FIG. 7 represents the input voltage of the transducer of the earphone 10 at different frequencies when the playback device outputs the output signal at the maximum volume level, and the other solid lines represent the input voltage of the transducer when playing different frequency signals at a smaller volume level (negative one grid to negative seven grids) of the playback device.
  • the input voltage of the transducer can be obtained by obtaining the voltage at the transducer terminal (for example, the connection between the voice coil and the external wire) when the transducer plays the sweep signal through the tester.
  • a wire can be led out from the solder joint of the transducer terminal, the wire can be connected to the filter, and then the filter and the tester are connected, and the voltage data of the tester can be obtained through a processing device (such as a computer).
  • the wire between the transducer and the battery or the driving circuit can be cut off and the housing of the sound-generating part 11 can be led out, and the led-out wire can be connected to the output terminal of the acoustic test instrument.
  • the input voltage of the input signal can be determined by setting the input signal of the acoustic test instrument, and different input voltages can be set according to actual test requirements.
  • the acoustic test instrument is a device that can selectively output a sine wave corresponding to a specific voltage or current.
  • the sound generated by the sound outlet hole 112 in the cavity-like body i.e., the sound source 401A in FIG. 5A
  • the sound generated by the pressure relief hole outside the cavity-like body i.e., the sound source 401B in 5A
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75dB.
  • the maximum sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is 79 dB when the frequency is 1000 Hz
  • the transducer input voltage is 0.6 V when the frequency is 1000 Hz.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 when the sound-emitting portion 11 is worn in a manner in which at least a portion of the sound-emitting portion 11 is inserted into the concha cavity, the sound-emitting portion 11 can generate a sound in at least a portion of the frequency range (e.g. 300Hz ⁇ 4000Hz), when the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.6V, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75dB.
  • the frequency range e.g. 300Hz ⁇ 4000Hz
  • the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 can be further improved, so that when the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.6V, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 78dB.
  • the volume, mass and size of the sound-emitting part 11 and the battery compartment 13 please refer to the relevant description of Figures 10 and 11 in the following text.
  • the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.4V, and in at least part of the frequency range (such as 100Hz to 3000Hz), the sound-emitting part 11 is partially extended into the concha cavity, and the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 72dB.
  • the transducer input voltage is 0.39V
  • the maximum sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is 76dB.
  • the frequency is 1500Hz
  • the volume level of the playback device is negative two grids
  • the transducer input voltage is 0.3V
  • the maximum sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is 78dB.
  • the frequency is in the range of 200Hz to 3000Hz
  • the maximum transducer input voltage does not exceed 0.3V
  • the sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is not less than 74dB. It can be seen that when the transducer input voltage is reduced, the sound-emitting part 11 can still provide a large sound pressure to the ear canal, ensuring a good listening effect of the earphone 10.
  • the design in which the sound-emitting part 11 is at least partially located at the antihelix can make the shell of the antihelix and the sound-emitting part 11 constitute a baffle equivalent to that shown in FIG. 5B, which reduces the sound transmitted from the pressure relief hole to the ear canal (such as the sound source A2 in FIG. 5B), so the degree of sound cancellation in the ear canal is reduced, and the sound heard by the user (such as the sound source A1 in FIG. 5B) is also louder, that is, the sound-emitting part 11 can provide a greater sound pressure into the ear canal.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 70dB.
  • the design of at least partially positioning the sound-emitting part 11 at the anti-helix is adopted.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 72dB when the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.6V
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 70dB when the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.6V.
  • the design of at least partially positioning the sound-emitting part 11 at the anti-helix is adopted.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 73dB; in the frequency range of 700Hz to 1500Hz, the design of at least partially positioning the sound-emitting part 11 at the anti-helix is adopted, so that when the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 0.6V, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 71dB.
  • the sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is also reduced.
  • the volume, mass and size of the sound-emitting part 11 and the battery compartment 13 it is possible to generate appropriate sound pressure in the ear canal even if the input voltage of the transducer is reduced.
  • the relationship between the input power of the transducer and the sound pressure in the ear canal can also reflect the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • a better sound output efficiency can be understood as that even if a smaller input power is provided to the transducer, the sound-emitting part 11 can still provide a sufficiently large volume to the user, that is, a sound pressure exceeding a specific threshold can be generated in the user's ear canal.
  • FIG8 is an input power-frequency graph corresponding to FIG6 .
  • the solid line 810 in FIG8 represents the sound pressure level curve of the earphone 10 when the playback device outputs an output signal at the maximum volume level, and the other solid lines represent the sound pressure level curves of the earphone 10 when the playback device is at a smaller volume level (negative one grid to negative seven grids).
  • the input power can be determined based on the input voltage and/or input current at the transducer terminal.
  • the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity can ensure that the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the maximum sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is 79 dB when the frequency is 1000 Hz
  • the input power of the transducer is 21.1 mW when the frequency is 1000 Hz. That is to say, when the frequency is 1000 Hz, the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, and when the input power of the transducer does not exceed 21.1 mW, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 21.1 mW when the transducer input voltage does not exceed 21.1 mW.
  • the maximum sound pressure of the sound-emitting part 11 into the ear canal is not less than 79dB; in the frequency range of 700Hz to 1500Hz, the sound-emitting part 11 is partially extended into the ear concha cavity, and the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 21.1mW, and the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75dB; in the frequency range of 2500Hz to 4000Hz, the sound-emitting part 11 is partially extended into the ear concha cavity, and the input voltage of the transducer does not exceed 17.8mW, and the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75dB.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 can be further improved, so that when the input power of the transducer does not exceed 21.1 mW, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 78 dB.
  • an input current-frequency graph (not shown) reflecting the relationship between the input current and the frequency of the transducer can also be determined based on a similar manner to the voltage and input power in FIG7 and FIG8.
  • a design is adopted in which the sound-emitting portion 11 is partially extended into the concha cavity, and within at least a part of the frequency range, when the input current of the transducer does not exceed 35.3 mA, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting portion 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the maximum sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is 79 dB when the frequency is 1000 Hz, and the transducer input current is 35.3 mA when the frequency is 1000 Hz. That is to say, when the frequency is 1000 Hz, the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, and when the input current of the transducer does not exceed 35.3 mA, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the maximum sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 to the ear canal is 80 dB
  • the transducer input current is 34.1 mA. That is to say, when the frequency is 500 Hz, the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, and when the input current of the transducer does not exceed 34.1 mA, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 80 dB.
  • the frequency is 800 Hz
  • the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, and when the input current of the transducer does not exceed 34.1 mA, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 79 dB;
  • the frequency is 2000 Hz
  • the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, and when the input current of the transducer does not exceed 17.8 mW, the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide to the ear canal is not less than 83 dB.
  • the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 79 dB; in the frequency range of 700 Hz to 1500 Hz, the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75 dB; in the frequency range of 2500 Hz to 4000 Hz, the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted.
  • the maximum sound pressure that the sound-emitting part 11 can provide into the ear canal is not less than 75 dB.
  • the ratio of the sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting part 11 into the ear canal to the input voltage of the transducer can also reflect the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • FIG. 9 is a sound-emitting efficiency-frequency curve corresponding to FIG. 6 , wherein the horizontal axis represents the frequency in Hertz Hz; the vertical axis represents the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 in decibel volts dB/V.
  • the sound-emitting efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 is not less than 100 dB/V.
  • the sounding efficiency of the sounding part 11 is 128 dB/V when the frequency is 1000 Hz by adopting the design of partially extending the sounding part 11 into the concha cavity.
  • the sounding efficiency of the sounding part 11 is 140 dB/V.
  • the sounding efficiency of the sounding part 11 is 130 dB/V by adopting the design of partially extending the sounding part 11 into the concha cavity; when the frequency is 2000 Hz, the sounding efficiency of the sounding part 11 is 141 dB/V by adopting the design of partially extending the sounding part 11 into the concha cavity.
  • the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, and the sound-emitting efficiency is not less than 100 dB/V. From FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, it can be seen that when the design of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity is adopted, within the frequency range of 3000 Hz to 5000 Hz, the sound-emitting part 11 can also generate a higher sound pressure in the ear canal under a lower input voltage.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 when the sound-emitting part 11 is worn in a manner where at least part of it extends into the concha cavity, the sound-emitting part 11 can obtain a higher sound-emitting efficiency within at least part of the frequency range (such as 500 Hz to 4000 Hz).
  • higher sound efficiency helps to reduce the volume and mass of the optimized sound-emitting part 11 and the battery compartment 13, thereby providing the user with a more comfortable wearing experience while ensuring the listening effect.
  • the listening effect will be reduced, such as the volume heard by the user is small and more susceptible to the influence of ambient sound.
  • it is usually necessary to increase the size of the transducer or increase the input voltage of the transducer.
  • Increasing the size of the transducer may cause the structure of the sound-emitting part 11 to be bulky, and increasing the input voltage of the transducer will shorten the battery life of the earphone 10 without increasing the battery volume. If the battery volume is increased to ensure battery life, it will further increase the volume and mass of the battery compartment 13 and the volume and mass of the earphone 10, affecting the wearing feeling of the earphone.
  • the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11 can be improved by extending part of the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity or the sound-emitting part 11 is at least partially located at the antihelix.
  • the volume, mass and other related parameters of the sound-emitting part 11 and the battery compartment 13 can be optimized (for example, reducing the battery mass and/or the mass of the sound-emitting part 11), while ensuring the listening effect, it can also provide users with a more comfortable wearing feeling.
  • the battery compartment 13 and the sound-emitting part 11 when the earphone 10 is worn, the battery compartment 13 and the sound-emitting part 11 will form a structure similar to a “lever” with a certain position on the ear hook as a fulcrum. If the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 is too large or too small, the lever-like structure will be unstable, resulting in the earphone 10 being unstable to wear. If the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 is too large, it will affect the fit between the battery compartment 13 and the auricle, and affect the cavity-like structure formed by the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity, thereby reducing the volume of the listening sound in the ear canal.
  • the mass of the transducer can be reduced, thereby reducing the mass of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the wearing method of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity or at least partially locating the sound-emitting part 11 at the antihelix can increase the sound pressure in the ear canal, thereby compensating for the effect of reducing the mass of the transducer on the sound pressure.
  • the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 may be between 3g and 6g.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the short-axis direction Z and the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long-axis direction Y are too large, the ear canal opening will be blocked to a certain extent, and the connection between the ear canal opening and the external environment cannot be achieved, which does not achieve the original design intention of the earphone 10 itself.
  • the volume of the transducer can be reduced, thereby reducing the size of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the wearing method of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity or at least partially locating the sound-emitting part 11 at the antihelix can increase the sound pressure in the ear canal, thereby compensating for the effect of reducing the volume of the transducer on the sound pressure.
  • a too small volume of the sound-emitting part 11 will result in the transducer being insufficient to output sufficient sound pressure, especially the transducer being insufficient to push the air to produce sufficient sound pressure in the mid- and low-frequency range.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the short axis direction Z is between 9 mm and 18 mm, and the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y is between 15 mm and 35 mm. In some embodiments, the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the short axis direction Z is between 11 mm and 16 mm, and the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y is between 20 mm and 31 mm.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the short axis direction Z is between 9 mm and 18 mm, and the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y is between 16 mm and 34 mm.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the short axis direction Z is between 12 mm and 17 mm, and the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y is between 17 mm and 30 mm.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y can be obtained by: obtaining the short axis center plane of the magnetic circuit component, wherein the short axis center plane can be a plane passing through the central axis of the magnetic circuit component and perpendicular to the long axis direction Y of the sound-emitting part 11; determining a section tangent to the end FE of the sound-emitting part and parallel to the short axis center plane; and considering the distance from the short axis center plane to the section plane as half of the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y. It should be noted that the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the short axis direction Z can be determined based on a similar method.
  • the thickness of the sound-emitting portion 11 affects the position of the center of mass of the sound-emitting portion 11, and the position of the center of mass of the sound-emitting portion 11 affects the wearing stability of the earphone 10. For example, when the thickness of the sound-emitting portion 11 is too large, the center of mass of the sound-emitting portion 11 will move away from the ear, thereby affecting the fit between the sound-emitting portion 11 and the concha cavity. On the basis of improving the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting portion 11, the thickness of the transducer can be reduced, thereby reducing the thickness of the sound-emitting portion 11.
  • the wearing method of partially extending the sound-emitting portion 11 into the concha cavity or at least partially locating the sound-emitting portion 11 at the antihelix can increase the sound pressure in the ear canal, thereby compensating for the effect of reducing the thickness of the transducer on the sound pressure.
  • the thickness of the sound-emitting portion 11 is too small, the thickness of the magnetic circuit component in the transducer will also be too small, and it will not be able to provide sufficient magnetic field strength.
  • the size of the sound-emitting portion 11 in the thickness direction is between 8 mm and 17 mm.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the thickness direction also affects the size of the interior of the sound-emitting part 11, such as the front cavity and the rear cavity in the thickness direction.
  • the front cavity as an example, increasing the size of the front cavity in the thickness direction can increase the resonance frequency of the front cavity.
  • the size of the sound-emitting part 11 in the thickness direction is between 9 mm and 14 mm.
  • the volume of the sound-emitting portion 11 is closely related to the volume of the transducer. If the volume of the sound-emitting portion 11 is relatively small, the volume of the transducer disposed therein is also relatively small, resulting in low efficiency of the diaphragm of the transducer in pushing the air inside the shell of the sound-emitting portion 11 to generate sound, affecting the acoustic output effect of the earphone 10, thereby causing the sound pressure provided by the sound-emitting portion 11 to the ear canal to decrease, and the sound pressure of the sound-emitting portion 11 to increase.
  • the volume of the sound part 11 is between 3500 mm2 and 5200 mm2 .
  • the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 can be determined by multiplying its projection on a reference plane (such as the sagittal plane of the human body) by the maximum dimension of the sound-emitting part 11 in the thickness direction.
  • a reference plane such as the sagittal plane of the human body
  • the maximum dimensions of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y, the short axis direction X and the thickness direction Z can be obtained respectively, and a first rectangular parallelepiped can be constructed based on the dimensions.
  • the minimum dimensions of the sound-emitting part 11 in the long axis direction Y, the short axis direction X and the thickness direction Z can be obtained respectively, and a second rectangular parallelepiped can be constructed based on the dimensions. It can be understood that the actual volume of the sound-emitting part is smaller than the volume of the first rectangular parallelepiped, but larger than the volume of the second rectangular parallelepiped. The range of the actual volume of the sound-emitting part 11 can be determined by calculating the volume of the first rectangular parallelepiped and the volume of the second rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the volume of the first rectangular parallelepiped is 5500mm2
  • the volume of the second rectangular parallelepiped is 2800mm2
  • the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 is between 2800mm2 and 5500mm2 .
  • a more accurate volume of the sound-emitting part 11 can be obtained by the water displacement method.
  • each opening of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, the opening where the sound-emitting part 11 is connected to the ear hook) can be sealed by a sealing material to form a closed space inside, and then the sound-emitting part 11 can be placed in water, and the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 can be determined based on the volume of the drained water (or an approximate method).
  • the sealing material may have a certain volume
  • the actual volume measurement value can be slightly reduced based on experience to eliminate the interference of the sealing material on the volume data.
  • the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 can be reduced on the basis of improving the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11. It can be understood that although reducing the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 will reduce the sound pressure output by the transducer, the wearing method of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity or at least partially locating the sound-emitting part 11 at the antihelix can increase the sound pressure in the ear canal, thereby compensating for the effect of reducing the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 on the sound pressure.
  • the volume of the sound-emitting part 11 can be between 3300mm2 and 4800mm2 .
  • a battery electrically connected to the sound-emitting part 11 is arranged in the battery compartment 13.
  • the battery compartment 13 is located at one end of the first part 121 away from the sound-emitting part 11. It should be noted that the mass of the battery compartment 13 mainly comes from the mass of the battery. In the specification, “the mass of the battery compartment” refers to the sum of the mass of the battery compartment body and the mass of the battery. As mentioned above, when the earphone 10 is worn, the battery compartment 13 and the sound-emitting part 11 will form a structure similar to a "lever" with a certain position on the ear hook as a fulcrum.
  • the formed lever structure will be unstable, which will further cause the earphone 10 to be unstable when worn. Specifically, if the mass of the battery compartment 13 is too large, the earphone 10 will tilt toward the back of the auricle when worn, which will affect the fit between the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity. On the basis of improving the sound output efficiency of the sound-emitting part 11, the output power of the battery can be reduced to reduce the mass of the battery.
  • the wearing method of partially extending the sound-emitting part 11 into the concha cavity can increase the sound pressure in the ear canal, thereby compensating for the effect of reducing the mass of the battery on the sound pressure.
  • the mass of the battery compartment 13 is too small, it will cause the earphone 10 to tilt toward the front of the auricle when worn, and it will also cause the battery to be insufficient to drive the transducer.
  • the mass of the battery compartment 13 is between 1.2g and 3.1g.
  • the mass of the battery is proportional to the battery charge. In some embodiments, a too small mass of the battery compartment 13 will affect the battery life of the earphone 10. Since the transducer can provide a maximum sound pressure of not less than 75dB in the ear canal at least within a part of the frequency range under a lower input voltage or input power, that is, under the premise of unchanged battery life, the transducer's demand for battery power is reduced. Therefore, in some embodiments, the mass of the battery can be reduced so that the mass of the battery compartment 13 is between 1.1g and 2.3g.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 is at least partially located at the antihelix, which can also increase the sound pressure in the ear canal, thereby compensating for the effect of the reduced battery mass on the sound pressure.
  • the mass of the battery compartment 13 is between 1.1 g and 3.0 g.
  • the earphone 10 can have a good wearing feeling and listening effect.
  • the ratio of the mass of the battery compartment 13 to the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 is between 0.16 and 0.7.
  • the stable wearing of the earphone 10 can make it difficult for the relative position of the sound outlet 112 and the user's ear canal to shift, so that the sound-emitting part 11 provides a higher sound pressure to the user's ear canal.
  • the ratio of the mass of the battery compartment 13 to the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 is between 0.2 and 0.6.
  • the ratio of the mass of the battery compartment 13 to the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 is between 0.15 and 0.66.
  • the stable wearing of the earphone 10 can make it difficult for the relative position of the sound outlet and the user's ear canal to shift, so that the sound-emitting part 11 and the auricle form a baffle structure as shown in Figure 5B, so that the sound-emitting part 11 provides a higher sound pressure to the user's ear canal.
  • the mass of the battery compartment 13 and the mass of the sound-emitting part 11 are relatively large.
  • the ratio of the mass of the sound-generating part 11 is between 0.2 and 0.52.
  • the volume of the battery compartment 13 is positively correlated with the volume of the battery.
  • the volume of the battery compartment 13 in order to ensure the battery life of the earphone 10, when the sound-emitting portion 11 is partially inserted into the concha cavity, the volume of the battery compartment 13 is between 850 mm 2 and 1900 mm 2.
  • the demand for battery power by the transducer is reduced. Therefore, when the sound-emitting portion 11 is partially inserted into the concha cavity, the volume of the battery compartment 13 can be made smaller, and the volume of the battery compartment 13 can be between 750 mm 2 and 1600 mm 2 .
  • the volume of the battery compartment 13 is between 600 mm 2 and 2200 mm 2. Since the sound-emitting portion 11 is at least partially located at the antihelix, the sound pressure in the ear canal can be increased, thereby compensating for the effect of the battery mass on the sound pressure. Therefore, in some embodiments, when the sound-emitting portion 11 is partially extended into the concha cavity, the volume of the battery compartment 13 can be between 750 mm 2 and 2000 mm 2 .
  • the present application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the present application.
  • “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, and/or “some embodiments” refer to a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” mentioned twice or more in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.
  • some features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be appropriately combined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及声学技术领域，特别涉及一种耳机，其包括发声部，包括换能器和容纳换能器的壳体；耳挂，耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，第二部分连接第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接发声部，将发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。

Description

一种耳机
交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年10月28日提交的申请号为202211336918.4的中国申请的优先权，于2022年12月1日提交的申请号为202223239628.6，以及于2022年12月30日提交的申请号PCT/CN2022/144339的PCT申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及声学技术领域，特别涉及一种耳机。
背景技术
随着声学输出技术的发展，声学输出装置(例如，耳机)已广泛地应用于人们的日常生活，其可以与手机、电脑等电子设备配合使用，以便于为用户提供听觉盛宴。按照用户佩戴的方式，声学装置一般可以分为头戴式、耳挂式和入耳式等。声学装置的输出性能对于用户的使用体验具有很大的影响。
因此，有必要提供一种耳机，以提高声学输出装置的输出性能。
发明内容
本说明书实施例之一提供一种耳机，包括：发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
本说明书实施例之一提供一种耳机，其包括：发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电流不超过35.3mA的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
本说明书实施例之一提供一种耳机，其包括：发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
本说明书实施例之一提供一种耳机，其包括：发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，所述发声部的发声效率不小于100dB/V，所述发声部的发声效率为所述发声部向耳道内提供的声压和所述换能器的输入电压的比值。
附图说明
本申请将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性耳部示意图；
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图3A是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图3B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的非佩戴状态下的耳机的结构示意图；
图4是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图5A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机形成的声学模型示意图；
图5B是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机形成的声学模型示意图；
图6是根据本说明书一些实施例的发声部至少部分伸入耳甲腔内的佩戴方式下的耳道内的声 压级曲线；
图7是与图6相对应的输入电压-频率曲线图；
图8是与图6相对应的输入功率-频率图；
图9是与图6相对应的发声效率-频率曲线图；
图10是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的非佩戴状态下的耳机的结构示意图；
图11是根据本说明书又一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性耳部示意图。参见图1，耳部100可以包括外耳道101、耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107、耳垂108，耳轮脚109，外轮廓1013和内轮廓1014。需要说明的是，为便于描述，本说明书实施例中将对耳轮上脚1011和对耳轮下脚1012以及对耳轮105统称为对耳轮区域。在一些实施例中，可以借助耳部100的一个或多个部位对声学装置的支撑，实现声学装置佩戴的稳定。在一些实施例中，外耳道101、耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等部位在三维空间中具有一定的深度及容积，可以用于实现声学装置的佩戴需求。例如，声学装置(例如，入耳式耳机)可以佩戴于外耳道101中。在一些实施例中，可以借助耳部100中除外耳道101外的其他部位，实现声学装置的佩戴。例如，可以借助耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、或耳轮107等部位或其组合实现声学装置的佩戴。在一些实施例中，为了改善声学装置在佩戴方面的舒适度及可靠性，也可以进一步借助用户的耳垂108等部位。通过借助耳部100中除外耳道101之外的其他部位，实现声学装置的佩戴和声音的传播，可以“解放”用户的外耳道101。当用户佩戴声学装置(耳机)时，声学装置不会堵塞用户外耳道101，用户既可以接收来自声学装置的声音又可以接收来自环境中的声音(例如，鸣笛声、车铃声、周围人声、交通指挥声等)，从而能够降低交通意外的发生概率。在一些实施例中，可以根据耳部100的构造，将声学装置设计成与耳部100适配的结构，以实现声学装置的发声部在耳部不同位置的佩戴。例如，声学装置为耳机时，耳机可以包括悬挂结构(例如，耳挂)和发声部，发声部与悬挂结构通过物理方式进行连接，悬挂结构可以与耳廓的形状相适配，以将耳部发声部的整体或者部分结构置于耳轮脚109的前侧(例如，图1中虚线围成的区域J)。又例如，在用户佩戴耳机时，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以与外耳道101的上部(例如，耳轮脚109、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107等一个或多个部位所在的位置)接触。再例如，在用户佩戴耳机时，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以位于耳部的一个或多个部位(例如，耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等)所形成的腔体内(例如，图1中虚线围成的至少包含耳甲艇103、三角窝104的区域M1和与至少包含耳甲腔102的区域M2)。
不同的用户可能存在个体差异，导致耳部存在不同的形状、大小等尺寸差异。为了便于描述和理解，如果没有特别说明，本说明书将主要以具有“标准”形状和尺寸的耳部模型作为参考，进一步描述不同实施例中的声学装置在该耳部模型上的佩戴方式。例如，可以以基于ANSI:S3.36,S3.25和IEC:60318-7标准制得的含头部及其(左、右)耳部的模拟器，例如GRAS KEMAR、HEAD Acoustics、B&K 4128系列或B&K 5128系列，作为佩戴声学装置的参照物，以此呈现出大多数用户正常佩戴声学装置的情景。以GRAS KEMAR作为示例，耳部的模拟器可以为GRAS 45AC、GRAS 45BC、GRAS45CC或GRAS 43AG等中的任意一种。以HEAD Acoustics作为示例，耳部的模拟器可以为HMS II.3、HMS II.3LN或HMS II.3LN HEC等中的任意一种。需要注意的是，本说明书实施例中测取的数据范围是在GRAS 45BC KEMAR的基础上测取的，但应当理解的是，不同头部模型及耳朵模型之间可能存在差异，在用其它模型时相关数据范围可能存在±10％的波动。耳廓在矢状面的投影是指耳廓的边缘在矢状面的投影。耳廓的边缘至少由耳轮的外轮廓、耳垂轮廓、耳屏轮廓、屏间切迹、对屏尖、轮屏切迹等组成。因此，本申请中，诸如“用户佩戴”、“处于佩戴状态”及“在佩戴状态下”等描述可以指本申请所述的声学装置佩戴于前述模拟器的耳部。当然，考虑到不同的用户存在个体差异，耳部100中一个或多个部位的结构、形状、大小、厚度等可以根据不同形状和尺寸的耳部进行差异化设计，这些差异化设计可以表现为声学装置中一个或多个部位(例如，下文中的发声部、耳挂等)的特征参数可以具有不同范围的数值，以此适应不同的耳部。
需要说明的是：在医学、解剖学等领域中，可以定义人体的矢状面(Sagittal Plane)、冠状面(Coronal Plane)和水平面(Horizontal Plane)三个基本切面以及矢状轴(Sagittal Axis)、冠状轴 (Coronal Axis)和垂直轴(Vertical Axis)三个基本轴。其中，矢状面是指沿身体前后方向所作的与地面垂直的切面，它将人体分为左右两部分；冠状面是指沿身体左右方向所作的与地面垂直的切面，它将人体分为前后两部分；水平面是指沿垂直于身体的上下方向所作的与地面平行的切面，它将人体分为上下两部分。相应地，矢状轴是指沿身体前后方向且垂直于冠状面的轴，冠状轴是指沿身体左右方向且垂直于矢状面的轴，垂直轴是指沿身体上下方向且垂直于水平面的轴。进一步地，本申请所述的耳部的前侧指沿着矢状轴方向且位于耳部朝向人体面部区域的一侧。其中，沿人体冠状轴所在方向观察上述模拟器的耳部，可以得到图1所示的耳部的前侧轮廓示意图。
关于上述耳部100的描述仅是出于阐述的目的，并不旨在限制本申请的范围。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本申请的描述，做出各种各样的变化和修改。例如，声学装置的部分结构可以遮蔽外耳道101的部分或者全部。这些变化和修改仍处于本申请的保护范围之内。
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的耳机的示例性佩戴示意图。如图2所示，耳机10可以包括发声部11和悬挂结构12。在一些实施例中，耳机10可以通过悬挂结构12将发声部11佩戴在用户身体上(例如，人体的头部、颈部或者上部躯干)。在一些实施例中，悬挂结构12可以为耳挂，发声部11与耳挂的一端连接，耳挂可以设置成与用户耳部相适配的形状。例如，耳挂可以为弧形结构。在一些实施例中，悬挂结构12也可以为与用户耳廓相适配的夹持结构，以使悬挂结构12可以夹持于用户耳廓处。在一些实施例中，悬挂结构12可以包括但不限于耳挂、弹性带等，使得耳机10可以更好地挂设在用户身上，防止用户在使用时发生掉落。
在一些实施例中，发声部11可以用于佩戴在用户的身体上，发声部11内可以设有换能器以产生声音输入用户耳部100。在一些实施例中，耳机10可以与眼镜、头戴式耳机、头戴式显示装置、AR/VR头盔等产品相结合，在这种情况下，发声部11可以采用悬挂或夹持的方式佩戴在用户的耳部100的附近。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以为圆环形、椭圆形、多边形(规则或不规则)、U型、V型、半圆形，以便发声部11可以直接挂靠在用户的耳部100处。
在一些实施例中，发声部11与悬挂结构12为可分离结构。发声部11与悬挂结构12可以通过卡接、焊接、胶水连接、螺纹连接或螺钉连接等方式连接，或者，发声部11与悬挂结构12可以通过连接结构(如转接壳体)实现连接。在前述设计下，可以将发声部11与悬挂结构12或连接结构进行分离，并对发声部11进行测量以获取尺寸或体积等数据。
在一些实施例中，发声部11的壳体可能与悬挂结构12一体成型。由于悬挂结构12用于将发声部11佩戴在用户，悬挂结构12与发声部11的壳体内侧(如图3B中内侧IS)不处于同一平面内，因此，可以将发声部11的壳体内侧(如图3B中内侧IS)所在的平面截断该一体成型结构的切面作为发声部11与悬挂结构12的一个分隔位置，将发声部11的壳体的上侧面(如图3B中上侧面US)所在的平面截断该一体成型结构的切面作为发声部11与悬挂结构12的另一分隔位置，基于前述两个分隔位置，区分出发声部11和悬挂结构12以进行进一步的测量等工作。
结合图1和图2，在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴耳机10时，发声部11的至少部分可以位于图1中示出用户耳部100中耳屏前侧的区域J或耳廓的前外侧面区域M1和区域M2。以下将结合发声部11的不同佩戴位置(11A、11B和11C)进行示例性说明。需要说明的是，本说明书实施例中提及的耳廓的前外侧面是指耳廓沿冠状轴方向背离头部的一侧，对应的，耳廓的后内侧面是指耳廓沿冠状轴方向朝向人头的一侧。在一些实施例中，发声部11A位于用户耳部100沿矢状轴方向朝向人体面部区域的一侧，即发声部11A位于耳部100的前侧的人体面部区域J。进一步地，发声部11A的壳体内部设置有换能器，发声部11A的壳体上可以设置有至少一个出声孔(图2中未示出)，出声孔可以位于发声部的壳体上朝向或靠近用户外耳道101的侧壁上，换能器可以通过出声孔向用户外耳道101处输出声音。在一些实施例中，换能器可以包括振膜，发声部11的壳体内部的腔室被振膜至少分隔为前腔和后腔，出声孔与前腔声学耦合，振膜振动带动前腔的空气振动产生气导声音，前腔产生的气导声音通过出声孔向外界传播。在一些实施例中，发声部11的壳体上还可以包括一个或多个泄压孔，泄压孔可以位于壳体上与出声孔所在侧壁相邻或相对的侧壁上，泄压孔与后腔声学耦合，振膜振动的同时也会带动后腔的空气产生振动产生气导声音，后腔产生的气导声音可以通过泄压孔向外界传递。示例性地，在一些实施例中，发声部11A内的换能器可以通过出声孔和泄压孔输出具有相位差(例如，相位相反)的声音，出声孔可以位于发声部11A的壳体朝向用户外耳道101的侧壁上，泄压孔可以位于发声部11的壳体背离用户外耳道101的一侧，此时壳体可以起到挡板的作用，增大出声孔和泄压孔到外耳道101的声程差，以增大外耳道101处的声音强度，同时减小远场漏音的音量。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以具有垂直于厚度方向X且彼此正交的长轴方向Y和短轴方向Z。其中，长轴方向Y可以定义为发声部11的二维投影面(例如，发声部11在其外侧面所在平面上的投影，或在矢状面上的投影)的形状中具有最大延伸尺寸的方向(例如，当投影形状为长方形或近似长方形时，长轴方向即长方形或近 似长方形的长度方向)，短轴方向Z可以定义为在发声部11在矢状面上投影的形状中垂直于长轴方向Y的方向(例如，当投影形状为长方形或近似长方形时，短轴方向即长方形或近似长方形的宽度方向)。厚度方向X可以定义为垂直于二维投影面的方向，例如，与冠状轴的方向一致，均指向身体左右的方向。在一些实施例中，当佩戴状态下发声部11处于倾斜状态时，长轴方向Y与短轴方向Z仍平行或近似平行于矢状面，长轴方向Y可以与矢状轴的方向具有一定夹角，即长轴方向Y也相应倾斜设置，短轴方向Z可以与垂直轴的方向具有一定夹角，即短轴方向Z也倾斜设置，如图2所示的发声部11B的佩戴情况。在一些实施例中，发声部11B的整体或部分结构可以伸入耳甲腔中，也就是说，发声部11B在矢状面上的投影与耳甲腔在矢状面上的投影具有重叠的部分。关于发声部11B的具体内容可以参考本说明书其他地方的内容，例如，图3A及其对应的说明书内容。在一些实施例中，佩戴状态下发声部11也可以处于水平状态或近似水平状态，如图2的发声部11C所示，长轴方向Y可以与矢状轴的方向一致或近似一致，均指向身体的前后方向，短轴方向Z可以与垂直轴的方向一致或近似一致，均指向身体的上下方向。需要注意的是，佩戴状态下，发声部11C处于近似水平状态可以是指图2所示的发声部11C的长轴方向Y与矢状轴的夹角在特定范围(例如，不大于20°)内。此外，发声部11的佩戴位置不限于图2中所示的发声部11A、发声部11B和发声部11C，满足图1中示出的区域J、区域M1或区域M2即可。例如，发声部11整体或者部分结构可以位于图1中虚线围成的区域J。又例如，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以与耳部100的耳轮脚109、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107等一个或多个部位所在的位置接触。再例如，发声部11的整体或者部分结构可以位于耳部100的一个或多个部位(例如，耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等)所形成的腔体内(例如，图1中虚线围成的至少包含耳甲艇103、三角窝104的区域M1和与至少包含耳甲腔102的区域M2)。
为了改善耳机10在佩戴状态下的稳定性，耳机10可以采用以下几种方式中的任何一种或其组合。其一，悬挂结构12的至少部分设置成与耳廓的后内侧面和头部中的至少一者贴合的仿形结构，以增加悬挂结构12与耳部和/或头部的接触面积，从而增加声学装置从耳部上脱落的阻力。其二，悬挂结构12的至少部分设置成弹性结构，使之在佩戴状态下具有一定的形变量，以增加悬挂结构12对耳部和/或头部的正压力，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其三，悬挂结构12至少部分设置成在佩戴状态下抵靠在耳部和/或头部上，使之形成压持耳部的反作用力，以使得发声部11压持在耳廓的前外侧面(例如，图1中示出的区域M1和区域M2)，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其四，发声部11和悬挂结构12设置成在佩戴状态下从耳廓的前外侧面和后内侧面两侧夹持对耳轮区域、耳甲腔所在区域等，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其五，发声部11或者与之连接的结构设置成至少部分伸入耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104及耳舟106等腔体内，从而增加声耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。
示例性地，结合图3A，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的末端FE(也被称为自由端)可以伸入耳甲腔内。可选地，发声部11和悬挂结构12可以设置成从耳甲腔所对应的耳部区域的前后两侧共同夹持前述耳部区域，从而增加耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力，进而改善耳机10在佩戴状态下的稳定性。例如，发声部的末端FE在厚度方向X上压持在耳甲腔内。再例如，末端FE在长轴方向Y和/或短轴方向Z上抵接在耳甲腔内(例如，与耳甲腔的相对末端FE的内壁相抵接)。需要说明的是，发声部11的末端FE是指发声部11中与悬挂结构12连接的固定端相对设置的端部，也被称为自由端。发声部11可以为规则或不规则的结构体，这里为了进一步说明发声部11的末端FE，进行示例性说明。例如，发声部11为长方体结构时，发声部11的端部壁面为平面，此时发声部11的末端FE为发声部11中与悬挂结构12连接的固定端相对设置的端部侧壁。又例如，发声部11为球体、椭球体或不规则的结构体时，发声部11的末端FE可以是指沿Y-Z平面(短轴方向Z和厚度方向X形成的平面)对发声部11进行切割，获取的远离固定端的特定区域，该特定区域沿长轴方向Y的尺寸与发声部沿长轴方向Y的尺寸的比值可以为0.05～0.2。
通过将发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内，可以提高听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，特别是中低频的听音音量，同时仍然保持较好的远场漏音相消的效果。仅作为示例性说明，发声部11的整体或部分结构伸入耳甲腔102内时，发声部11与耳甲腔102形成类似于腔体的结构(以下简称为类腔体)，在说明书实施例中，类腔体结构可以理解为由发声部11的侧壁与耳甲腔102结构共同围成的半封闭结构，该半封闭结构使得听音位置(例如，耳道口处)与外部环境并非完全密闭隔绝，而是具有与外部环境声学联通的泄漏结构(例如，开口、缝隙、管道等)。用户在佩戴耳机10时，发声部11的壳体上靠近或朝向用户耳道的一侧可以设置一个或多个出声孔，发声部11的壳体的其它侧壁(例如，远离或背离用户耳道的侧壁)上设置一个或多个泄压孔，出声孔与耳机10的前腔声学耦合，泄压孔与耳机10的后腔声学耦合。以发声部11包括一个出声孔和泄压孔作为示例，出声孔输出的声音和 泄压孔输出的声音可以近似视为两个声源，该两个声源的声音相位相反。发声部11和耳甲腔102对应的内壁形成类腔体结构，其中，出声孔对应的声源位于类腔体结构内，泄压孔对应的声源位于类腔体结构外，形成图5A所示的声学模型。
参照图3A和3B，这里以耳挂作为悬挂结构12的一个示例进行说明，在一些实施例中，耳挂可以包括依次连接的第一部分121和第二部分122，其中，第一部分121可以挂设在用户耳廓的后内侧面和头部之间，第二部分122可以向耳部的前外侧面(耳部沿冠状轴方向背离人体头部的一侧)延伸并连接发声部，从而将发声部固定于用户耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置。在一些实施例中，出声孔可以开设在壳体朝向耳廓的侧壁上，从而将换能器产生的声音导出壳体后传向用户的耳道口。
在一些实施例中，发声部11可以包括换能器和用于容纳换能器的壳体111。壳体111可以与耳挂连接。换能器用于将电信号转换为相应的机械振动从而产生声音。在一些实施例中，壳体朝向耳廓的侧面上开设有出声孔112，出声孔112用于将换能器产生的声音导出壳体111后传向耳道，以便于用户能够听到声音。在一些实施例中，换能器(例如，振膜)可以将壳体111分隔形成耳机的前腔和后腔，出声孔112可以连通前腔，并将前腔产生的声音导出壳体111后传向耳道。在一些实施例中，经由出声孔112导出的声音，其一部分可以传播至耳道从而使用户听到声音，其另一部分可以与经耳道反射的声音一起经由发声部11与耳部之间的缝隙(例如耳甲腔未被发声部11覆盖的一部分)传播至耳机10及耳部的外部，从而在远场形成第一漏音；与此同时，壳体111的其他侧面(例如，远离或背离用户耳道的侧面)上一般会开设有一个或多个泄压孔。泄压孔相较于出声孔112更远离耳道，泄压孔传播出去的声音一般会在远场形成第二漏音，前述第一漏音的强度和前述第二漏音的强度相当，且前述第一漏音的相位和前述第二漏音的相位(接近)互为反相，使得两者能够在远场反相相消，有利于降低耳机10在远场的漏音。
如图3B所示，在一些实施例中，壳体111的内侧面IS上开设有与前腔连通的出声孔112，以将前腔产生的声音导出壳体111后传向耳道，以便于用户能够听到声音。壳体111的其他侧面上(例如，上侧面US或下侧面LS等)可以开设有与后腔连通的一个或多个泄压孔，以用于将后腔产生的声音导出壳体111后与出声孔112导出的声音在远场干涉相消。在一些实施例中，泄压孔相较于出声孔112更远离耳道，以减弱经泄压孔输出的声音与经出声孔112输出的声音之间在听音位置的反相相消。
通过将发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内，可以提高听音位置(例如，耳道口处)的听音音量，特别是中低频的听音音量，同时仍然保持较好的远场漏音相消的效果。仅作为示例性说明，发声部11的整体或部分结构伸入耳甲腔102内时，发声部11与耳甲腔102形成类似于腔体的结构(以下简称为类腔体)，在说明书实施例中，类腔体结构可以理解为由发声部11的侧壁与耳甲腔102结构共同围成的半封闭结构，该半封闭结构使得听音位置(例如，耳道口处)与外部环境并非完全密闭隔绝，而是具有与外部环境声学联通的泄漏结构(例如，开口、缝隙、管道等)。用户在佩戴耳机10时，发声部11的壳体上靠近或朝向用户耳道的一侧可以设置一个或多个出声孔，发声部11的壳体的其它侧壁(例如，远离或背离用户耳道的侧壁)上设置一个或多个泄压孔，出声孔与耳机10的前腔声学耦合，泄压孔与耳机10的后腔声学耦合。以发声部11包括一个出声孔和泄压孔作为示例，出声孔输出的声音和泄压孔输出的声音可以近似视为两个声源，该两个声源的声音相位相反，发声部11和耳甲腔102对应的内壁形成类腔体结构，其中，出声孔对应的声源位于类腔体结构内，泄压孔对应的声源位于类腔体结构外，形成图5A所示的声学模型。如图5A所示，类腔体结构402中可以包含听音位置和至少一个声源401A。这里的“包含”可以表示听音位置和声源401A至少有一者在类腔体结构402内部，也可以表示听音位置和声源401A至少有一者在类腔体结构402内部边缘处。听音位置可以等效为耳部耳道入口或耳道内，也可以是耳部声学参考点，如耳参考点(ear reference point，ERP)、鼓膜参考点(ear-drum reference point，DRP)等，也可以是导向听音者的入口结构等。声源401B位于类腔体结构402的外部，相位相反的声源401A和401B分别向周围空间辐射声音并发生声波的干涉相消现象，实现漏音相消效果。具体地，由于声源401A被类腔体结构402包裹，其辐射出来的声音大部分会通过直射或反射的方式到达听音位置。相对地，在没有类腔体结构402的情况，声源401A辐射出的声音大部分不会到达听音位置。因此，腔体结构的设置使得到达听音位置的声音音量得到显著提高。同时，类腔体结构402外的反相声源401B辐射出来的反相声音只有较少的一部分会通过类腔体结构402的泄漏结构403进入类腔体结构402中。这相当于在泄漏结构403处生成了一个次级声源401B’，其强度显著小于声源401B，亦显著小于声源401A。次级声源401B’产生的声音在腔体内对声源401A产生反相相消的效果微弱，使听音位置的听音音量显著提高。对于漏音来说，声源401A通过腔体的泄漏结构403向外界辐射声音相当于在泄漏结构403处生成了一个次级声源401A’，由于声源401A辐射的几乎所有声音均从泄漏结构403输出，且类腔体结构402尺度远小于评价漏音的空间尺度(相差至少一个数量级)，因此可认为次级声源401A’的强度与声源401A相当，仍然保持了相当的降漏音效果。
在具体应用场景中，通过将发声部11部分或整体结构伸入耳甲腔内，发声部11与耳甲腔的轮廓之间形成与外界连通的类腔体结构。进一步地，将出声孔112设置在发声部的壳体朝向用户耳道口和靠近耳甲腔边缘的位置可以构造图5A所示的声学模型，从而使得用户在佩戴耳机时能够听到更大的听音音量。换句话说，通过对发声部的结构以及佩戴方式等进行特别的设计，可以让发声部11具有较优的声音输出效率。这里所说的较优的声音输出效率可以理解为，即使向发声部11提供较小的输入信号(例如，向发声部11的换能器提供较小的输入电压或输入功率)，发声部仍然可以向用户提供足够大的音量，即在用户耳道内可以产生超过特定阈值的声压。更多关于声音输出效率的描述参见下文。
在一些实施例中，发声部可以具有不同于图3A中伸入耳甲腔的其它佩戴方式，也可以实现较优的声音输出效率。以下以图4所示的耳机10为例进行详细说明。
在一些实施例中，耳机在佩戴状态下，发声部11的至少部分可以覆盖用户的对耳轮区域。此时，发声部11位于耳甲腔102及耳道口的上方，用户的耳道口处于开放状态。在一些实施例中，发声部11的壳体上可以包括至少一个出声孔和泄压孔，出声孔与耳机10的前腔声学耦合，泄压孔与耳机10的后腔声学耦合，其中，出声孔输出的声音和泄压孔输出的声音可以近似视为两个声源，该两个声源的声音具有相位相反。用户佩戴耳机时，出声孔位于发声部11朝向或靠近用户耳道口的侧壁上，泄压孔位于发声部11远离或背离用户耳道口的侧壁上。此时，发声部11与用户的耳廓可以形成类似于挡板的结构，其中，出声孔对应的声源位于挡板的一侧，泄压孔对应的声源绕过发声部11和用户的耳廓后，位于挡板的另一侧，形成图5B所示的声学模型。如图5B所示，当声源A1和声源A2之间设有挡板时，在近场，声源A2的声场需要绕过挡板才能与声源A1的声波在听音位置处产生干涉，相当于增加了声源A2到听音位置的声程。因此，假设声源A1和声源A2具有相同的幅值，则相比于没有设置挡板的情况，声源A1和声源A2在听音位置的声波的幅值差增大，从而两路声音在听音位置进行相消的程度减少，使得听音位置的音量增大。在远场，由于声源A1和声源A2产生的声波在较大的空间范围内都不需要绕过挡板就可以发生干涉(类似于无挡板情形)，则相比于没有挡板的情况，远场的漏音不会明显增加。因此，在声源A1和声源A2的其中一个声源周围设置挡板结构，可以在远场漏音音量不显著增加的情况下，显著提升近场听音位置的音量。
在具体应用场景中，通过将发声部11的至少部分覆盖于用户的对耳轮区域，可以使得用户在佩戴耳机时能够听到更大的听音音量。这种方式也可以让发声部11具有较优的声音输出效率。
如前文，换能器产生的声波经由出声孔传播而出，以便于传入外耳道。换能器是一个可以接收电信号，并将其转换为声音信号进行输出的元件。在一些实施例中，换能器可以包括振膜、音圈和磁路组件。音圈的一端与振膜固定连接，另一端伸入磁路组件形成的磁间隙中。通过向音圈提供电流，可以让音圈在磁间隙中振动，从而带动振膜振动以产生声波。
相比于其他耳机(如入耳式耳机、耳罩式耳机等)，环境声音更容易传入用户耳道，从而对耳机10的听音效果造成影响。在这种情况下，耳机10可能需要提供更大的音量，才能保证较好的听音效果。通过本说明书中其它地方所描述的对发声部11的结构和佩戴方式等进行特别的设计(例如，形成如图5A或5B的声学模型)，能够在换能的输入功率(或输入电压)较小的情况下，依旧保证耳道内具有足够的声压。
为便于表述，下文中以听音位置位于耳道内为例进行说明。需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，同样可以是前文中提到的耳部声学参考点，如耳参考点(ERP)、鼓膜参考点(DRP)等，也可以是导向听音者的入口结构等，在上述位置对应的声压也应相应增减。
在一些实施例中，本说明书中所描述的耳道内的声压可以通过以下方式测得：采用前文描述的含头部及其耳部的模拟器，作为佩戴声学装置的参照物，进行测试以获取发声部11向耳道内提供的声压。例如，可以让具有播放功能的设备(如手机、DAP等)连接耳机10并控制耳机10播放扫频信号(如频率范围在20Hz～20000Hz的扫频信号)。播放设备可以产生对应不同音量等级的输出信号。例如，播放设备输出的信号可以包括多个音量等级，每个音量等级分别对应换能器输入信号的不同输入电压或输入电流。利用每个音量等级的输出信号控制耳机10播放扫频信号，并分别记录换能器在不同输入信号输入电压或输入电流下产生并传递到耳道内的声压。示例性，可以将播放设备的音量划分为8个音量等级，从最大音量至最小音量对应的音量等级可以是最大音量、负一格、负两格、负三格、……、负七格。需要说明的是，在一些其他实施例中，播放设备的最大音量与最小音量间还可以划分为其他数量的音量等级，如3个、5个、20个等。在一些实施例中，播放设备的输出信号可以是正弦信号。
含头部及其耳部的模拟器的耳道内设置有麦克风，可以将该麦克风与声音输入设备(如电脑声卡、模数转换器(ADC)等)连接。处理设备(如电脑)进一步接收经过麦克风转化后的电平信号，并进行录制或处理。
在一些实施例中，耳道内的声压还可以通过以下方式测得：获取非声学测量专用的仿真头部模型或仿真耳部模型，并将模型耳道末端封闭以构造成类似人耳的结构。在该模型耳道内设置声学测试麦克风，并采集经过麦克风转化后的电平信号，以替代前述含头部及其耳部的模拟器，实现耳道内声压的获取。
人耳的听觉频率范围大致在20Hz～20000Hz之间，但人耳的听觉对于一些频段，如低频(如300Hz以下)或高频(如5000Hz以上)不敏感。在一些实施例中，通过对发声部11的结构和佩戴方式等进行特别的设计，可以让发声部11在特定频率范围内具有更好的声音输出效率，即在换能器的输入信号的输入电压或输入功率一定的情况下，发声部11可以在特定频率范围内向用户提供足够大的音量，使得用户耳道内可以产生超过特定阈值的声压。例如，在换能器输入电压一定的条件下，在300Hz～5000Hz范围内提高发声部11向耳道内提供的声压，可以使得耳机10具有更好的听音效果。在一些实施例中，为了优先保证人耳听觉更敏感范围内的听音效果，在换能器输入电压一定的条件下，可以在600Hz～2000Hz范围内提高发声部11向耳道内提供的声压，可以使得耳机10具有更好的听音效果。
图6所示是发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内的佩戴方式下的耳道内的声压级(SPL)曲线，其中，横坐标表示频率，单位为赫兹Hz；纵坐标表示声压，单位为分贝dB。图6中实线610表示播放设备输出最大音量等级的输出信号时耳机10在耳道内的声压级曲线，其他线段表示播放设备更小音量等级(负一格～负七格)时耳机10在耳道内的声压级曲线。
图7是与图6相对应的输入电压-频率曲线图，其中，横坐标表示频率，单位为赫兹Hz；纵坐标表示换能器输入信号的输入电压单位为伏特V。需要说明的是，由于换能器的输入信号为正弦信号时，输入信号的输入电压也可以理解为正弦信号对应的有效电压值(Vrms)。图7中实线710表示播放设备输出最大音量等级的输出信号时耳机10的换能器在不同频率下的输入电压，其他实线表示播放设备更小音量等级(负一格～负七格)时换能器在播放不同频率信号时的输入电压。为方便理解，换能器的输入电压可以通过测试仪获取换能器在播放扫频信号时，换能器接线端处(例如，音圈与外部导线的连接处)的电压得到。例如，可以在换能器接线端的焊点处引出导线，将导线连接至滤波器，然后连接滤波器和测试仪，并通过处理设备(如电脑)获取测试仪的电压数据。
在一些实施例中，还可以采用将换能器与电池或驱动电路间的导线切断并引出发声部11的壳体，并将引出的导线与声学测试仪器输出端连接，测试时通过设置声学测试仪器的输入信号确定上述输入信号的输入电压，可以根据实际测试需求设置不同的输入电压。在一些实施例中，声学测试仪器是可以选择性输出对应特定电压或电流的正弦波的设备。
通过采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，形成如图5A所示的类腔体结构，可以将类腔体内的出声孔112(即图5A中的声源401A)产生的声音更多导向耳道，而类腔体外的泄压孔(即5A中的声源401B)产生的声音较少能进入类腔体进行相消，由此使得发声部11能够向耳道内提供更大的声压。在一些实施例中，结合图6和图7可以看出，在至少部分频率范围内，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
示例性的，以频率为1000Hz为例，由图6中的实线610可以看出，频率为1000Hz时发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为79dB，结合图7，频率为1000Hz时换能器输入电压为0.6V。也就是说，在频率为1000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
此外，结合图6和图7可以看出，当频率为500Hz时，发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为80dB、换能器输入电压为0.58V。也就是说，在频率为500Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.59V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于80dB。同样基于图6和图7还可以确定：在频率为800Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.58V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于79dB；在频率为2000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.55V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于83dB。
继续参考图6和图7，图中可以看出在频率300Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于79dB；在频率700Hz～1500Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB；在2500Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过0.55V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
可以看出，发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内的佩戴方式下，在至少部分频率范围内(如 300Hz～4000Hz)，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。在一些实施例中，通过对发声部11和电池仓13的体积、质量和尺寸的优化，可以进一步提高发声部11的声音输出效率，使得在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于78dB。关于对发声部11和电池仓13的体积、质量和尺寸的描述，可以参考后文中图10和图11相关描述。
在一些实施例中，根据供电情况不同(如播放设备音量等级不同、耳机10的型号不同、电池的规格不同等)，换能器的输入电压不超过0.4V，在至少部分频率范围(如100Hz～3000Hz)，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于72dB。
再次参考图6和图7，当频率为400Hz时，当播放设备音量等级为负一格时，换能器输入电压为0.39V，发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为76dB。当频率为1500Hz时，当播放设备音量等级为负两格时，换能器输入电压为0.3V，发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为78dB。当频率为200Hz～3000Hz范围内，换能器输入最高电压不超过0.3V，发声部11向耳道内提供的声压不低于74dB。可以看出，在换能器输入电压降低的情况下，发声部11依旧能够向耳道内提供的较大的声压，保证耳机10良好的听音效果。
在一些实施例中，对于图4所示的发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式，采用将发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的设计，可以使得对耳轮和发声部11的壳体构成相当于如图5B所示的挡板，减弱了从泄压孔传递到耳道的声音(如图5B中的声源A2)，所以耳道处声音相消的程度减弱，用户听到的声音(如图5B中的声源A1)音量也更大，也就是说，使得发声部11能够向耳道内提供更大的声压。在一些实施例中，在至少部分频率范围内，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于70dB。
示例性的，在频率为1000Hz时，采用将发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的设计，发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式下，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于72dB，在换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于70dB。在频率300Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将的发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的设计，换能器输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于73dB；在频率700Hz～1500Hz范围内，采用将的发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的设计，使得换能器输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于71dB。
当换能器的输入电压降低时，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的声压也随之降低。通过对发声部11和电池仓13的体积、质量和尺寸的优化，可以使得即使降低换能器的输入电压也能在耳道内产生合适的声压。
在一些实施例中，换能器的输入功率与耳道内声压的关系也能反映发声部11的声音输出效率。例如，较优的声音输出效率可以理解为，即使向换能器提供较小的输入功率，发声部11仍然可以向用户提供足够大的音量，即在用户耳道内可以产生超过特定阈值的声压。图8是与图6对应的输入功率-频率图。图8中实线810表示播放设备输出最大音量等级的输出信号时耳机10的声压级曲线，其他实线表示播放设备更小音量等级(负一格～负七格)时耳机10的声压级曲线。在一些实施例中，输入功率可以根据换能器接线端处的输入电压和/或输入电流确定。
结合图6和图8可以看出，在至少部分频率范围内，在换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，可以使得发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
示例性的，以频率为1000Hz为例，由图6中可知频率为1000Hz时发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为79dB，结合图8，频率为1000Hz时换能器的输入功率为21.1mW。也就是说，在频率为1000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
此外，结合图6和图8可以看出，当频率为500Hz时，发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为80dB、换能器的输入功率为19.8mW。也就是说，在频率为500Hz时，在换能器的输入功率不超过19.8mW的情况下，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于80dB。基于图6和图8还可以确定：在频率为800Hz时，在换能器的输入功率不超过19.8mW的情况下，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于79dB；在频率为2000Hz时，在换能器的输入功率不超过17.8mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于83dB。
继续参考图6和图8，可以看出在频率300Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过21.1mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小 于79dB；在频率700Hz～1500Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过21.1mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB；在2500Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过17.8mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
可以看出，发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内的佩戴方式下，在至少部分频率范围内(如300Hz～4000Hz)，在换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。在一些实施例中，通过对发声部11和电池仓13的体积、质量和尺寸的优化，可以进一步提高发声部11的声音输出效率，使得在换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于78dB。
在一些实施例中，基于与图7和图8中电压、输入功率类似的方式，还可以确定反映换能器的输入电流与频率之间关系的输入电流-频率图(未示出)。在一些实施例中，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在至少部分频率范围内，在换能器的输入电流不超过35.3mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
示例性的，以频率为1000Hz为例，由图6中可知频率为1000Hz时发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为79dB，频率为1000Hz时换能器输入电流为35.3mA。也就是说，在频率为1000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电流不超过35.3mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
此外，当频率为500Hz时，发声部11向耳道内提供的最大声压为80dB，换能器输入电流为34.1mA。也就是说，在频率为500Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电流不超过34.1mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于80dB。在频率为800Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电流不超过34.1mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于79dB；在频率为2000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电流不超过17.8mW的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于83dB。此外，在频率300Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，在换能器的输入电流不超过35.3mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于79dB；在频率700Hz～1500Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过35.3mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB；在2500Hz～4000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，换能器输入电压不超过32.4mA的情况下，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
在一些实施例中，发声部11向耳道内提供的声压和换能器的输入电压的比值(也称为发声部11的发声效率)，也能反映发声部11的声音输出效率。图9是与图6相对应的发声效率-频率曲线图，其中，横坐标表示频率，单位为赫兹Hz；纵坐标表示发声部11的发声效率，单位为分贝伏特dB/V。图9中实线910表示播放设备输出最大音量等级的输出信号时耳机10的发声部11的发声效率，其他实线表示播放设备更小音量等级(负一格～负七格)时换能器在播放不同频率信号时发声部11的发声效率。
由图9可以看出，在至少部分频率范围内，通过采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11的发声效率不小于100dB/V。
示例性的，以频率为1000Hz为例，由图9中的实线910可以看出，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，频率为1000Hz时发声部11的发声效率为128dB/V。此外，当频率为500Hz时，发声部11的发声效率为140dB/V。在频率为800Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11的发声效率为130dB/V；在频率为2000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11的发声效率为141dB/V。
继续参考图6和图7，图中可以看出在频率500Hz～2000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声部11的发声效率不小于120dB/V；参考其他音量等级对应的实线可以看出，发声部11在频率500Hz～2000Hz范围内，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声效率在100～250dB/V之间。在频率为10000Hz时，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计，发声效率不小于100dB/V。由图6和图7，可以看出，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计时，在频率3000Hz～5000Hz内，在较低的输入电压情况下发声部11也能在耳道内产生较高的声压。
可以看出，发声部11至少部分伸入耳甲腔内的佩戴方式下，在至少部分频率范围内(如500Hz～4000Hz)，发声部11可以得到更高的发声效率。
在一些实施例中，更高的发声效率有助于减小优化发声部11和电池仓13的体积、质量，在保证听音效果的同时，能够为用户提供更舒适的佩戴感。
具体来说，发声部11向耳道内提供的声压过低则会导致听音效果下降，如用户听到的音量较小且更易受到环境声音的影响。为了获取更大的声压，通常需要增加换能器的尺寸或提高换能器的输入电压。而增加了换能器的尺寸可能导致发声部11的结构笨重，提高换能器的输入电压则会导致在不增大电池体积的情况下耳机10的续航时间缩短。如果为了保证续航而增大电池体积，又会进一步导致电池仓13体积和质量以及耳机10的体积和质量的增加，影响耳机佩戴感。在一些实施例中，采用将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔或发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的设计，可以提高发声部11的声音输出效率。在此基础上，可以对发声部11和电池仓13的体积、质量等相关参数进行优化(例如，减小电池质量和/或发声部11质量)，在保证听音效果的同时，也能够为用户提供更舒适的佩戴感。
结合图3A和图10，耳机10在佩戴时，电池仓13与发声部11会以耳挂上某个位置为支点形成类似“杠杆”的结构。发声部11的质量过大或过小，都会导致形成类似杠杆结构不稳定，导致耳机10佩戴不稳。发声部11的质量过大会影响电池仓13与耳廓的贴合，影响发声部11与耳甲腔形成的类腔体结构，进而导致耳道内的听音音量降低。在提高发声部11的声音输出效率的基础上，可以降低换能器的质量，以此降低发声部11的质量。可以理解地，尽管降低换能器的质量会减小磁路组件的质量，由此降低换能器输出的声压，但将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔或发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小换能器质量对声压的影响。当然，过小的发声部11质量会导致换能器不足以输出足够的声压。因此，为了兼顾耳机10佩戴的稳定性和听音效果，在一些实施例中，发声部11的质量可以在在3g～6g之间。
发声部11在短轴方向Z上的尺寸和发声部11在长轴方向Y上的尺寸过大会导致耳道口被一定程度上堵塞，无法实现耳道口与外界环境之间的连通，起不到耳机10自身的设计初衷。在提高发声部11的声音输出效率的基础上，可以减小换能器的体积，以此减小发声部11的尺寸。可以理解地，尽管减小换能器的尺寸会降低换能器输出的声压，但将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔或发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小换能器体积对声压的影响。当然，过小的发声部11体积会导致换能器不足以输出足够的声压，尤其是换能器不足以在中低频范围内推动空气产生足够的声压。在一些实施例中，为了兼顾耳道口与外界环境的连通以及听音效果，将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的设计时，发声部11在短轴方向Z上的尺寸在9mm～18mm之间，发声部11在长轴方向Y上的尺寸在15mm～35mm之间。在一些实施例中，发声部11在短轴方向Z上的尺寸在11mm～16mm之间，发声部11在长轴方向Y上的尺寸在20mm～31mm之间。采用发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处时，发声部11在短轴方向Z上的尺寸在9mm～18mm之间，发声部11在长轴方向Y上的尺寸在16mm～34mm之间。在一些实施例中，发声部11在短轴方向Z上的尺寸在12mm～17mm之间，发声部11在长轴方向Y上的尺寸在17mm～30mm之间。
在一些实施例中，发声部11在长轴方向Y的尺寸可以通过如下方式获得：获取磁路组件的短轴中心面，其中,短轴中心面可以是过磁路组件的中轴线且垂直于发声部11的长轴方向Y的平面；确定与发声部的末端FE相切并且与上述短轴中心面平行的切面；将短轴中心面到上述切面的距离视为发声部11在长轴方向Y的尺寸的一半。需要说明的是，发声部11在短轴方向Z的尺寸可以基于类似方式确定。
在一些实施例中，发声部11厚度会影响发声部11的质心位置，而发声部11的质心位置会影响耳机10佩戴的稳定性，例如，当发声部11厚度过大，发声部11的质心会向远离耳部方向移动，进而影响发声部11与耳甲腔的贴合。在提高发声部11的声音输出效率的基础上，可以减小换能器的厚度，以此减小发声部11的厚度。可以理解地，尽管减小换能器的厚度会降低磁路组件提供的磁场强度，从而影响换能器输出的声压，但将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔或发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小换能器厚度对声压的影响。当然，发声部11厚度过小，也会导致换能器中磁路组件的厚度过小，无法提供足够的磁场强度。此外，在发声部11体积不变的情况下，增加发声部11的厚度，会导致发声部11在长轴方向Y和/或短轴方向Z上尺寸减少，进而导致换能器振膜尺寸或音圈尺寸下降，进而影响换能器的输出声压。在一些实施例中，为了兼顾耳机10佩戴的稳定性和听音效果，发声部11在厚度方向上的尺寸在8mm～17mm之间。
在一些实施例中，发声部11在厚度方向上的尺寸还影响发声部11内部如前腔、后腔在厚度方向上的尺寸，以前腔为例，增加前腔在厚度方向上的尺寸可以提高前腔的谐振频率。为了使得发声部11向耳道内提供声音的谐振峰位于换能器发声效率更高的位置(如在频率1000Hz以上)，以获取更好的听音效果，在一些实施例中，发声部11在厚度方向上的尺寸在9mm～14mm之间。
在一些实施例中，发声部11的体积与换能器的体积存在较大关联，若发声部11的体积相对较小，使得其内部设置的换能器体积也相对较小，导致换能器的振膜推动发声部11的壳体内部空气产生声音的效率低，影响耳机10的声学输出效果，进而导致发声部11向耳道内提供的声压降低，而发 声部11的体积过大时，使得发声部11超出耳甲腔的范围，无法伸入耳甲腔，并无法形成类腔体结构，或者发声部11与耳甲腔之间形成的缝隙的总尺寸很大，影响用户佩戴耳机10在耳道口的听音音量以及远场的漏音效果。在一些实施例中，发声部11的体积在3500mm2～5200mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，发声部11的体积可以通过其在参考平面(如人体的矢状面)上的投影乘以发声部11在厚度方向上的最大尺寸确定。或者，考虑到发声部11可能具有不规则的外轮廓，可以通过分别获取发声部11在长轴方向Y、短轴方向X和厚度方向Z上的最大尺寸，并基于该尺寸构建第一长方体。此外，可以通过分别获取发声部11在长轴方向Y、短轴方向X和厚度方向Z上的最小尺寸，并基于该尺寸构建第二长方体。可以理解的是发声部的实际体积小于第一长方体的体积，但大于第二长方体的体积，通过计算第一长方体的体积和第二长方体的体积即可确定发声部11的实际体积的范围。例如，在一些实施例中，第一长方体的体积为5500mm2，第二长方体的体积为2800mm2，则可以知道发声部11的体积在2800mm2～5500mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，可以通过排水法获取更准确的发声部11体积。具体的，可以通过密封材料将发声部11各开口处封闭(例如，发声部11与耳挂连接处的开口)，使其内部形成密闭空间，再将发声部11放入水内，基于排出水的体积(或近似方式)确定发声部11体积。需要说明的是，考虑到密封材料可能具有一定体积，在通过排水法获取发声部11体积时，可以基于经验略微减少实际体积测量值，以排除密封材料对体积数据的干扰。
在一些实施例中，在提高发声部11的声音输出效率的基础上，可以减小发声部11的体积。可以理解地，尽管减小发声部11的体积会降低换能器输出的声压，但将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔或发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小发声部11体积对声压的影响。为了使换能器能够在较低电压(如不超过0.6V)的情况下，在至少部分频率范围内，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB，在一些实施例中，发声部11的体积可以在3300mm2～4800mm2之间。
电池仓13内设置有与发声部11电性连接的电池，在一些实施例中，电池仓13位于第一部分121上远离发声部11的一端。需要说明的是，电池仓13的质量主要来自于电池的质量，在说明书中“电池仓的质量”是指电池仓仓体的质量与电池的质量之和。如前文，耳机10在佩戴时，电池仓13与发声部11会以耳挂上某个位置为支点形成类似“杠杆”的结构，因此电池仓13质量过大或过小，会导致形成的杠杆结构不稳定，进而导致耳机10佩戴不稳。具体的，电池仓13的质量过大，耳机10在佩戴时往耳廓后侧倾斜，会影响发声部11与耳甲腔的贴合。在提高发声部11的声音输出效率的基础上，可以减小电池的输出功率，以此减小电池的质量。可以理解地，尽管降低电池的质量会减小电池的输出功率，但将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小电池质量对声压的影响。当然，如果电池仓13的质量过小，则会导致耳机10在佩戴时往耳廓前侧倾斜，也会导致电池不足以驱动换能器。在一些实施例中，为了兼顾耳机10佩戴的稳定性和听音效果，电池仓13的质量在1.2g～3.1g之间。
在一些实施例中，电池的质量与电池的电量成正比。在一些实施例中，电池仓13的质量过小会影响耳机10的续航时间。由于换能器能够在较低输入电压或输入功率的情况下，在至少部分频率范围内，发声部11能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB，也就是说，在续航时间不变的前提下，换能器对电池电量的需求降低。因此，在一些实施例中，可以降低电池的质量，使得电池仓13的质量在1.1g～2.3g之间。
发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处也可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小电池质量对声压的影响。在一些实施例中，将发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的质量在1.1g～3.0g之间。
基于前文中关于发声部11和电池仓13的质量的描述，当发声部11和电池仓13的质量保持在某一比例范围内时，可以使得耳机10具有良好的佩戴感和听音效果，在一些实施例中，将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的质量与发声部11的质量的比值在0.16～0.7之间。在一些实施例中，耳机10稳定的佩戴可以使出声孔112与用户耳道的相对位置不易发生偏移，以使发声部11向用户耳道提供更高声压，因此，在一些实施例中，为了进一步提高佩戴的稳定性，将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的质量与发声部11的质量的比值在0.2～0.6之间。
参考图11，为了使得耳机10的发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式下，具有良好的佩戴感和听音效果，在一些实施例中，电池仓13的质量与发声部11的质量的比值在0.15～0.66之间。在一些实施例中，耳机10稳定的佩戴可以使出声孔与用户耳道的相对位置不易发生偏移，使发声部11和耳廓形成如图5B所示的挡板结构，以使发声部11向用户耳道提供更高声压。在一些实施例中，为了进一步提高佩戴的稳定性，将发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的质量与 发声部11的质量的比值在0.2～0.52之间。
电池仓13的体积与电池的体积正相关。在一些实施例中，为了保证耳机10的续航时间，将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的体积在850mm2～1900mm2之间。在一些实施例中，在提高发声部11的声音输出效率的基础上，换能器对电池电量的需求降低，因此，将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的体积可以做的更小，电池仓13的体积可以在750mm2～1600mm2之间。
在一些实施例中，为了保证耳机10的续航时间，将发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的体积在600mm2～2200mm2之间。由于发声部11至少部分位于对耳轮处也可以增加耳道内的声压，以此补偿减小电池质量对声压的影响。因此，在一些实施例中，将发声部11部分伸入耳甲腔的佩戴方式下，电池仓13的体积可以在750mm2～2000mm2之间。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
本申请记载的具体实施方式仅为示例性的，具体实施方式中的一个或者多个技术特征是可选的或者附加的，并非构成本申请发明构思的必要技术特征。换言之，本申请的保护范围涵盖并远大于具体实施方式。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
最后，应当理解的是，本申请中实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地，本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；
    耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述至少部分频率范围包括1000Hz。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述壳体的至少部分插入耳甲腔，所述壳体的朝向所述耳廓的内侧面上开设有出声孔。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于：在所述至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电压不超过0.4V的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于72dB。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于：在所述至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电流不超过35.3mA的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于：在所述至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于：在所述至少部分频率范围内，所述发声部的发声效率不小于100dB/V，所述发声部的发声效率为所述发声部向耳道内提供的声压和所述换能器的输入电压的比值。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的耳机，其特征在于：在所述至少部分频率范围内，所述发声部的发声效率在100～250dB/V之间。
  9. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部的质量在3g～6g之间。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在短轴方向上的尺寸在11mm～16mm之间。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在长轴方向上的尺寸在20mm～31mm之间。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在厚度方向上的尺寸在9mm～14mm之间。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部的体积在3300mm2～4800mm2之间。
  14. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述耳挂的所述第一部分远离所述第二部分的一端包括电池仓；所述电池仓的质量在1.1g～2.3g之间。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述电池仓的质量与所述发声部的质量的比值在0.25～0.54之间。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述电池仓的体积在750mm2～1600mm2之间。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述电池仓的横截面径向尺寸范围在8mm～12mm之间。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述电池仓的在轴向上的长度在12mm～20mm之间。
  19. 如权利要求2所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述壳体的至少部分位于对耳轮处，所述壳体朝向 所述耳廓的内侧面上开设有出声孔。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的耳机，其特征在于：在所述至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电压不超过0.6V的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于70dB。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部的质量在3g～6g之间。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在长轴方向上的尺寸在16～34mm之间。
  23. 如权利要求21所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述发声部在短轴方向上的尺寸在7mm～14mm之间。
  24. 如权利要求19所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述耳挂的所述第一部分远离所述第二部分的一端包括电池仓；所述电池仓的质量在1.1g～3.0g之间。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述电池仓的质量与所述发声部的质量的比值在0.2～0.52之间。
  26. 如权利要求24所述的耳机，其特征在于：所述电池仓体积在750mm2～2000mm2之间。
  27. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；
    耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电流不超过35.3mA的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的耳机，其特征在于：在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入电流不超过23.5mA的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于72dB。
  29. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；
    耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入功率不超过21.1mW的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于75dB。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的耳机，其特征在于：在至少部分频率范围内，在所述换能器的输入功率不超过9.41mW的情况下，所述发声部能够向耳道内提供的最大声压不小于72dB。
  31. 一种耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，包括换能器和容纳所述换能器的壳体；
    耳挂，所述耳挂包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分挂设在用户的耳廓和头部之间，所述第二部分连接所述第一部分并向耳廓的前外侧面延伸并连接所述发声部，将所述发声部固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道口的位置，在至少部分频率范围内，所述发声部的发声效率不小于100dB/V，所述发声部的发声效率为所述发声部向耳道内提供的声压和所述换能器的输入电压的比值。
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