WO2024067459A1 - 一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆 - Google Patents

一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024067459A1
WO2024067459A1 PCT/CN2023/121001 CN2023121001W WO2024067459A1 WO 2024067459 A1 WO2024067459 A1 WO 2024067459A1 CN 2023121001 W CN2023121001 W CN 2023121001W WO 2024067459 A1 WO2024067459 A1 WO 2024067459A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
return
duct
supply
carriage
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/121001
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘晓亮
赵赛
任丛美
张士臣
王雪峰
闰广盛
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2024067459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024067459A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/009—Means for ventilating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D1/00—Carriages for ordinary railway passenger traffic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/12—Roofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and in particular to a supply and return air system, a carriage and a rail vehicle.
  • the supply and return air system is an important component.
  • the supply and return air system can deliver fresh air from outside the vehicle into the vehicle and extract the turbid air in the vehicle for treatment by the air-conditioning unit, so as to keep the air in the vehicle fresh and improve the passengers' riding experience.
  • an air duct is set on the top of the car, including the supply air duct and the return air duct.
  • the air conditioning unit on the top of the car inhales the air outside the car and mixes it with the air returned from the return air duct, and then sends it into the car through the supply air duct.
  • the air inside the car then enters the return air duct to be discharged outside the car or enter the air conditioning unit.
  • the supply air duct and the return air duct in the related art both have air vents, and the air in the supply air duct can enter the interior of the car through the air vents, and the air in the car can also enter the return air duct through the air vents. Since the supply air duct and the return air duct are both located at the top of the car, and the distance between the two is relatively close, the distance between the air vents on the supply air duct and the return air duct will also be relatively close, which causes the air flowing out of the supply air duct to directly enter the return air duct, and the expected air mixing effect cannot be achieved.
  • the air vents on the return air duct are usually directly opposite to the openings on the car, so the noise of the air conditioning unit can be directly transmitted into the car through the return air duct and the air vents, resulting in a poor riding experience at the air vent of the return air duct.
  • the present application provides a supply and return air system, a vehicle Carriages and rail vehicles.
  • a supply and return air system comprising:
  • the air duct is used to be arranged on the inner top surface of the carriage, and the air duct includes:
  • An air supply duct is connected to the air supply port of the air conditioning unit and extends along the length direction of the duct, and the bottom of the air supply duct has an air supply port;
  • the return and exhaust air common duct is connected to the unit return air outlet and the unit waste air outlet of the air conditioning unit respectively, and is arranged side by side with the supply air duct;
  • the return air duct and the return and exhaust air common air duct are connected with the return air duct.
  • the lower end of the return air duct is provided with a return air outlet, and the return air outlet is used to extend along the side wall of the carriage to under the seat in the carriage.
  • a carriage comprising a roof, side walls, a floor and a side roof panel, wherein the above-mentioned supply and return air system is arranged in the carriage, and the return air duct is arranged in the side walls and the side roof panel.
  • a rail vehicle comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned carriages.
  • the air supply and return system, carriage and rail vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:
  • the duct structure can be kept unchanged by adjusting the duct dimensions and partitions, which is highly versatile.
  • FIG1 is a top view of a carriage and an air duct in the related art
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction in a vehicle compartment in the related art
  • FIG3 is a top view of a carriage provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a carriage and an air duct provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a side wall provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a rear view structure of a side wall provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a side wall test structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a side wall provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction in a vehicle compartment provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of air flow simulation in a vehicle compartment provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of the carriage and the air duct in the related art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction in the carriage in the related art.
  • An air supply and return device 100 is provided on the top surface of the carriage, and the air supply and return device 100 includes an air supply device 110 and an air return device 120, and an air conditioning unit is provided on the outer top surface of the carriage.
  • the air supply device 110 and the air return device 120 are provided with an air supply port and an air return port on the bottom surfaces respectively, and the air conditioning unit has an opening connected to the air supply device 110 and the air return device 120.
  • the carriage and its air supply and return system in the related art have the following defects: 1. Uneven return air. There are two return air vents on the roof of each carriage, which are set below the air conditioning unit. The return air is basically the air near the return air vents, and the air in the adjacent area is passively supplemented.
  • the roof of the carriage has a large area of grille, which is poor in aesthetics.
  • the roof is generally a large flat surface with a wide field of vision and a good sense of space. After the return air vents are opened on the roof and the return air grilles are added, this sense of space will be destroyed.
  • the middle roof can only be a flat plate, and the arc shape cannot be performed. 3.
  • the noise is loud. Because of the need for return air, the carriage is open at the return air vent of the air conditioning unit. The noise of the air conditioning unit is directly transmitted to the car through the return air duct and the return air vent. The entire channel is completely open, and the transmission of noise is unobstructed, which will cause a poor riding experience in the return air vent area.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a supply and return air system, a carriage and a rail vehicle.
  • the supply and return air system includes an air conditioning unit and an air duct.
  • the air duct is arranged on the inner top surface of the carriage, and the air duct includes a supply air duct, a return and exhaust air common duct and a return air duct;
  • the supply air duct is connected to the unit supply air outlet of the air conditioning unit and extends along the length direction of the air duct, and the bottom of the supply air duct has an air supply outlet;
  • the return and exhaust air common duct is respectively connected to the unit return air outlet and the unit waste air outlet of the air conditioning unit, and is arranged side by side with the supply air duct;
  • the return air duct, the return and exhaust air common duct is connected to the return air duct, and the lower end of the return air duct has a return air outlet, and the return air outlet is used to extend along the side wall of the carriage to under the seats in the carriage.
  • the present application will provide a return air duct.
  • the inlet is arranged on the side wall of the car near the floor, so that the air entering from the ceiling is fully mixed with the air in the car before entering the return and exhaust air common air duct.
  • the return and exhaust air common air duct and the return air duct block the noise of the air-conditioning unit from directly entering the car, reducing the impact of the noise of the air-conditioning unit on the passengers in the car.
  • FIG3 is a top view of the carriage provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carriage and the air duct provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the side wall provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the side wall provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the test structure of the side wall provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlargement of the side wall provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the air flow direction in the compartment provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the air flow simulation in the compartment provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a supply and return air system, including:
  • Air conditioning unit 4 ;
  • the air duct 500 is used to be arranged on the inner top surface of the compartment 1, and the air duct 500 includes:
  • the air supply duct 510 is connected to the air supply port 42 of the air conditioning unit 4 and extends along the length direction of the duct 500.
  • the bottom of the air supply duct 510 has an air supply port;
  • the return and exhaust air common duct 520 is respectively connected to the unit return air outlet 41 and the unit exhaust air outlet 43 of the air conditioning unit 4, and is arranged side by side with the supply air duct 510;
  • the return air duct 44 and the return and exhaust air common air duct 520 are connected to the return air duct 44 .
  • the lower end of the return air duct 44 has a return air outlet 440 .
  • the return air outlet 440 is used to extend along the side wall of the carriage 1 to under the seat in the carriage 1 .
  • the lower end of the return air duct 44 extends to a position close to the floor of the vehicle compartment 1 , and the return air duct 44 is used to transport the air inside the vehicle compartment 1 close to the floor to the return and exhaust air common duct 520 .
  • the return air duct 44 includes a return air duct and a return air cavity.
  • the return air cavity is arranged inside the side wall 300 of the compartment 1.
  • the return air duct is connected between the return air cavity and the air conditioning unit 4.
  • the return air duct is an arc-shaped tubular structure arranged between the side wall 300 and the middle ceiling of the compartment, and the return air cavity is the internal space of the side wall 300.
  • a partition can be arranged inside the side wall 300 to separate the space inside the side wall 300, and a part of the space is separated from the return air duct. Connected, and this part of the space is called the return air chamber.
  • joints can be provided on the return and exhaust air common duct 520 and the return air duct 44, respectively, and the return air duct can be connected to the joint in a detachable manner such as a sleeve connection or a flange connection.
  • the number of joints on the air duct 500 can be adjusted according to the actual length of the compartment 1 and the air volume requirement, so as to match the number of return air ducts 44 and joints inside the compartment 1.
  • the return air duct 44 and the return and exhaust air common duct 520 are connected in a detachable manner, so that the entire return air supply system can be manufactured and assembled in a modular manner, thereby improving the versatility of the return air supply system.
  • the air conditioning unit 4 may be arranged on the outer top surface of the compartment 1, and may have a fresh air inlet, in which a filter is arranged, and the filter is used to filter dust and other debris in the air.
  • the air conditioning unit 4 inhales and filters the air outside the compartment 1 through the fresh air inlet, mixes the inhaled air with the air transported by the return and exhaust air common duct 520 in the mixing chamber of the air conditioning unit 4, and after filtering again, the evaporator of the air conditioning unit 4 performs cooling and dehumidification treatment, and finally sends the air into the air supply duct 510 through the unit air supply port 42, and then enters the interior of the compartment 1.
  • the air sent out from the air supply duct 510 After the air sent out from the air supply duct 510 enters the compartment 1, it absorbs heat and moisture after being fully mixed with the air in the compartment 1, and finally enters the return air duct 44 from the return air port 440 close to the floor, and finally enters the air conditioning unit 4 through the return and exhaust air common duct 520 and the unit return air port 41, and participates in the air mixing process.
  • a grille may be provided in the air supply port.
  • the grille may be a fixed or movable sheet structure for controlling the direction of air flow and shielding the internal structure of the air supply duct 510, thereby achieving an aesthetic effect.
  • the present application sets the return air outlet 440 of the return and exhaust air common duct 520 on the side wall 300 of the compartment 1 and is located close to the floor, so that the air entering the compartment 1 from the top plate can be fully mixed with the air inside the compartment 1 and then enter the return and exhaust air common duct 520, achieving the expected return air effect.
  • the unit return air outlet 41 of the air conditioning unit 4 is no longer directly opposite the return air outlet 440, and the return air outlet 440 is as far away from the air conditioning unit 4 as possible, which reduces the intensity of the noise generated by the air conditioning unit 4 entering the compartment 1 and improves the riding experience of passengers in the return air outlet 440 area.
  • the air conditioning unit 4 also has a unit exhaust port 43.
  • the return air outlet 42 and the unit return air outlet 41 can be arranged on a first side of the air conditioning unit 4, and the unit exhaust air outlet 43 can be arranged on a second side opposite to the first side.
  • a part of the air in the return and exhaust air common air duct 520 is sucked into the mixing chamber by the air conditioning unit 4, and the other part is directly discharged to the outside of the vehicle compartment 1 through the unit exhaust air outlet 43 to maintain the air pressure balance in the vehicle compartment 1.
  • the number of the return and exhaust air common air ducts 520 is two, and the two return and exhaust air common air ducts 520 are respectively arranged on both sides of the supply air duct 510.
  • the side walls 300 are provided on both sides of the interior of the compartment 1, and the return air ducts 44 can be provided inside the side walls 300, and the two return and exhaust air common ducts 520 located on both sides of the air supply duct 510 are respectively connected to the return air ducts 44 on both sides of the interior of the compartment 1, so that the air inside the compartment 1 can enter the return and exhaust air common ducts 520 from the left and right directions, achieving the effect of encircling air circulation.
  • the arrow direction in Figure 9 is the flow direction of the wind.
  • two partitions are fixedly provided inside the air duct 500 along the length direction, and the two partitions divide the air duct 500 into three spaces, wherein the spaces on both sides are two return and exhaust air common air ducts 520, and the space in the center is the supply air duct 510.
  • the air duct 500 is a regular hollow structure, such as a rectangular tube or an elliptical tube, and the air duct 500 extends along the length direction of the vehicle compartment 1 and almost runs through the entire vehicle compartment 1.
  • the partition inside the air duct 500 also extends along the length direction of the air duct 500, that is, along the length direction of the vehicle compartment 1, dividing the space inside the air duct 500 into three narrow and long independent spaces, wherein the spaces on both sides are two return and exhaust common air ducts 520, and the space between the two return and exhaust common air ducts 520 is the supply air duct 510.
  • the partition can be fixed inside the air duct 500 by sealant or rivets to ensure the isolation effect between the return and exhaust air common duct 520 and the air supply duct 510.
  • sealant When sealant is used, the sealant can be set between the partition and the inner wall of the air duct 500.
  • the use of the above-mentioned regularly shaped air duct 500 allows the air duct 500 to be manufactured using large pieces of plate materials, reducing the generation of scraps during the manufacturing process and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the return air duct 44 is integrated into the side wall 300, and together with the regularly shaped air duct 500, the utilization rate of the internal space of the compartment 1 is improved.
  • the width of the air supply duct 510 is greater than the width of the return and exhaust air common duct 520. Specifically, the width of the air supply duct 510 may be 2-4 times the width of the return and exhaust air common duct 520.
  • the return air duct 44 is made of heat conductive material.
  • the air conditioning unit 4 when the temperature is high in summer, the air conditioning unit 4 needs to cool the air, and when the temperature is low in winter, the air conditioning unit 4 will heat the air. After the cooled or heated air enters the interior of the vehicle compartment 1, it may not complete sufficient heat exchange before entering the return air duct 44, resulting in energy waste.
  • the present application uses a heat-conducting material to manufacture the return air duct 44, so that the air entering the return air duct 44 can continue to exchange heat with the air in the vehicle compartment 1, thereby improving energy utilization.
  • the above-mentioned heat-conducting material can be a metal, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy and other materials.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a car body, including a roof, side walls 300, a floor and a side roof panel.
  • the above-mentioned supply and return air system is arranged in the car body 1, and the return air duct 44 is arranged in the side walls 300 and the side roof panel.
  • the roof is located at the top of the vehicle compartment 1, the side roof plate is arranged between the roof and the side wall 300, the bottom of the vehicle compartment 1 has a floor, and the air duct 500 in the air supply and return system is arranged in the space between the side roof plate and the roof.
  • the side wall 300 is a hollow structure, and the return air duct 44 is arranged inside the side wall 300.
  • the return air vent 440 is disposed on the inner side of the side wall 300 , that is, on the side of the interior of the vehicle compartment 1 . Specifically, the return air vent 440 is disposed at the bottom of the inner side of the wall 300 .
  • a plurality of return air cavities are arranged at intervals in the side wall 300 , and a return air port 440 is arranged at the bottom of the return air cavity; a return air duct is arranged in the cavity formed between the side top plate and the roof, and the return air duct is connected with the return air cavity to form a return air duct 44 .
  • a seat is arranged on the floor, and the return air outlet 440 is located on the side wall 300 below the seat.
  • the seats are arranged along the length direction of the carriage 1, and the sides of the seats are connected to the inner sides of the side walls 300, and the bottoms of the seats are connected to the floor of the carriage 1.
  • the return air vents 440 are arranged under the seats to form hidden return air vents, which not only improves the aesthetics of the interior of the carriage 1, but also increases the distance between the supply air vents and the return air vents, further improving the uniformity of air mixing in the carriage 1.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a rail vehicle, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned carriages 1.
  • a plurality of carriages 1 may be connected in sequence to form the rail vehicle of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • installed can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection
  • it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or can communicate with each other
  • it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆，送回风系统包括空调机组（4）和风道（500），风道（500）包括送风风道（510）、回排风共用风道（520）和回风管路（44），送风风道（510）与空调机组（4）的机组送风口（41）连接，送风风道（510）的底部具有送风口；回排风共用风道（520）与空调机组（4）的机组回风口（41）和机组废排风口（43）连接，且与送风风道（510）并排设置；回风管路（44）与回排风共用风道（520）连接，回风管路（44）的下端具有回风口（440），回风口（440）用于沿车厢的侧墙延伸至车厢内的座椅下方处。回风口（440）设置在车厢侧墙底部靠近地板的位置，使从顶板上散出的空气与车厢内的空气充分混合后再进入回排风共用风道（520），而且回排风共用风道（520）和回风管路（44）阻挡了空调机组噪声直接进入车厢内部，降低了空调机组噪声对车厢内乘客的影响。

Description

一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆技术领域，特别涉及一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆。
背景技术
在轨道车辆中，例如地铁、高铁等，送回风系统是重要的组成部分，送回风系统能够将车外新鲜的空气送入车厢内，并将车厢内浑浊的空气抽出由空调机组进行处理，使车厢内保持空气清爽，提高乘客的乘车体验。
由于送回风系统同时具有送风和回风的功能，因此需要将送风和回风分隔开，避免送风和回风相互影响。目前，车厢的内顶部设置了风道，风道包括送风风道和回风风道，车厢顶部的空调机组将车外的空气吸入后和从回风风道返回的空气混合，然后通过送风风道送入车厢，车厢内部的空气再进入回风风道以排出车厢外或进入空调机组。
相关技术中的送风风道和回风风道均具有风口，送风风道中的空气可以经过风口进入车厢内部，车厢中的空气也可以经过风口进入回风风道内。由于送风风道和回风风道均位于车厢的顶部，且二者距离较近，因此送风风道和回风风道上的风口距离也会比较近，这就导致从送风风道中流出的空气有可能直接进入到回风风道，无法达到预期的空气混合效果。而且，回风风道上的风口通常与车厢上的开口正对，因此空调机组的噪声能够通过回风风道和风口直接传递进车厢内部，导致回风口管道风口处的乘车体验较差。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术缺陷之一，本申请实施例中提供了一种送回风系统、车 厢及轨道车辆。
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面，提供了一种送回风系统，包括：
空调机组；
风道，用于设置在车厢的内顶面上，风道包括：
送风风道，与空调机组的机组送风口连接，且沿风道的长度方向延伸，送风风道的底部具有送风口；
回排风共用风道，分别与空调机组的机组回风口和机组废排风口连接，且与送风风道并排设置；
回风管路，回排风共用风道与回风管路连接，回风管路的下端具有回风口，回风口用于沿车厢的侧墙延伸至车厢内的座椅下方处。
根据本申请实施例的第二个方面，提供了一种车厢，包括车顶、侧墙、地板和边顶板，车厢内设置有上述的送回风系统，回风管路设置在侧墙和边顶板内。
根据本申请实施例的第三个方面，提供了一种轨道车辆，包括多个上述的车厢。
采用本申请实施例中提供的一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆，具有以下优点：
1、环抱式气流循环。新鲜的空气通过顶板输送至车厢内，经过乘客后，以回风和排风通过侧墙由下而上，空气中携带的冷量(冬季为热量)得以快速均匀的散布到车厢内部空间。冷量/热量得以充分利用，车厢内温度上下温差小，均匀性好。
2、空间利用率高。送风、回风及排风功能集成于规则的风道内，使得空间利用率较现有方案(两条送风道+两条回风道)得以大幅提高。
3、降低成本约在30％。减少了车顶风口的数量，而且风道为规则形状，车顶可以使用大块板材，边角料去除率降低，整体风道省去了大量的紧固件，预期成本可降低30％。
4、模块化程度高。根据不同项目的不同风量要求，可以保持风道结构不变，通过调整风道外形尺寸及隔板来实现，通用性高。
5、隐藏式回风，保证美观。
6、极大地降低噪声。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为相关技术中车厢及风道的俯视图；
图2为相关技术中车厢内空气流动方向示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的车厢的俯视图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的车厢及风道的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的侧墙正视结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的侧墙后视结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的侧墙测试结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的侧墙的局部放大示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的车厢中空气流动方向示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的车厢中空气流动仿真示意图。
附图标号：100-送回风装置，110-送风装置，120-回风装置，1-车厢，4-空调机组，41-机组回风口，42-机组送风口，43-机组废排风口，300-侧墙，44-回风管路，440-回风口，500-风道，510-送风风道，520-回排风共用风道。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的 情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在实现本申请的过程中，发明人发现相关技术中的车厢如图1和2所示，其中，图1为相关技术中车厢及风道的俯视图，图2为相关技术中车厢内空气流动方向示意图。车厢内顶面设置有送回风装置100，该送回风装置100包括送风装置110和回风装置120，车厢的外顶面设置有空调机组。送风装置110和回风装置120的底面上分别具有送风口和回风口，空调机组具有与送风装置110和回风装置120连接的开口。由于送风装置110和回风装置120均位于车厢的顶面上，且二者距离较近，因此送风口和回风口的距离也比较近。由此可见，相关技术中的车厢及其送回风系统具有以下缺陷：1、回风不均。每节车厢的顶板都有两个回风口，该回风口设置于空调机组下方，回风基本上都是回风口附近的空气，相邻区域的空气则是被动的补充过来。而且，因为送风口和回风口都在中顶板，处理不好的话，会出现气流短路的现象，也就是空调机组出来的新鲜空气刚送至车厢就被回风口吸走。2、车厢顶板具有大面积格栅，美观性差。顶板一般为整块大平面，视野宽阔，空间感好。在顶板上开设回风口并加上回风格栅后，会破坏这种空间感。同时，因为回风格栅的存在，为了保证安装的便利性，使得中顶板只能是平板，而无法进行弧度的造型。3、噪声大。因为回风的需要，车厢在空调机组的回风口处是开口的，空调机组的噪声通过回风风道和回风口直接传递到车内，整个通道是完全开敞的，噪声的传递毫无阻挡，会造成回风口区域较差的乘车体验。
针对上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆，送回风系统包括空调机组和风道，风道设置在车厢的内顶面上，风道包括送风风道、回排风共用风道和回风管路；送风风道，与空调机组的机组送风口连接，且沿风道的长度方向延伸，送风风道的底部具有送风口；回排风共用风道，分别与空调机组的机组回风口和机组废排风口连接，且与送风风道并排设置；回风管路，回排风共用风道与回风管路连接，回风管路的下端具有回风口，回风口用于沿车厢的侧墙延伸至车厢内的座椅下方处。本申请将回风 口设置在车厢侧墙上靠近地板的位置，使从顶板上进入的空气与车厢内的空气充分混合后再进入回排风共用风道，而且回排风共用风道和回风管路阻挡了空调机组噪声直接进入车厢内部，降低了空调机组噪声对车厢内乘客的影响。
图3-10为本申请实施例提供的一种送回风系统和车厢的结构示意图，其中，图3为本申请实施例提供的车厢的俯视图，图4为本申请实施例提供的车厢及风道的结构示意图，图5为本申请实施例提供的侧墙正视结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的侧墙后视结构示意图，图7为本申请实施例提供的侧墙测试结构示意图，图8为本申请实施例提供的侧墙的局部放大示意图，图9为本申请实施例提供的车厢中空气流动方向示意图，图10为本申请实施例提供的车厢中空气流动仿真示意图。本申请实施例提供了一种送回风系统，包括：
空调机组4；
风道500，用于设置在车厢1的内顶面上，风道500包括：
送风风道510，与空调机组4的机组送风口42连接，且沿风道500的长度方向延伸，送风风道510的底部具有送风口；
回排风共用风道520，分别与空调机组4的机组回风口41和机组废排风口43连接，且与送风风道510并排设置；
回风管路44，回排风共用风道520与回风管路44连接，回风管路44的下端具有回风口440，回风口440用于沿车厢1的侧墙延伸至车厢1内的座椅下方处。
示例性地，回风管路44的下端延伸至靠近车厢1地板的位置，回风管路44用于将车厢1内部靠近地板的空气输送到回排风共用风道520中。
回风管路44包括回风管和回风腔，回风腔设置在车厢1的侧墙300内部，回风管连接在回风腔和空调机组4之间。回风管为设置在侧墙300和车厢中顶之间的弧形管状结构，而回风腔则为侧墙300的内部空间，具体可以在侧墙300内部设置隔板，将侧墙300内部的空间分隔开，其中一部分空间与回风管 连通，而这部分空间称为回风腔。
进一步地，可以在回排风共用风道520和回风管路44上分别设置接头，回风管可以采用套接或法兰连接等可拆卸的方式连接在接头上。在本申请的实施例中，根据车厢1的实际长度和风量的要求，可以调整风道500上接头的数量，进而匹配车厢1内部的回风管路44及接头的数量。而且，回风管路44和回排风共用风道520采用可拆卸的方式连接，使整个送回风系统能够以模块化的方式制造和装配，提升了送回风系统的通用性。
空调机组4可以设置在车厢1的外顶面上，其可以具有新风入口，该新风入口中设置有过滤网，该过滤网用于过滤空气中的灰尘等杂物。空调机组4通过新风入口将车厢1外部的空气吸入并过滤，将吸入的空气和回排风共用风道520输送的空气在空调机组4的混合室内混合，再次经过过滤后由空调机组4的蒸发器进行冷却除湿处理，最终通过机组送风口42送入送风风道510，进而进入到车厢1内部。从送风风道510送出的空气进入车厢1后，与车厢1内的空气经过充分混合后吸收热量和湿气，最终从靠近地板的回风口440进入回风管路44，最终经过回排风共用风道520和机组回风口41进入空调机组4，参与空气的混合处理。
在本申请的实施例中，可以在送风口中设置格栅，该格栅可以是固定式也可以是活动式的片状结构，用以控制空气流动方向并遮蔽送风风道510内部的结构，起到美观的作用。
本申请将回排风共用风道520的回风口440设置在车厢1的侧墙300上，且位于靠近地板的位置，使从顶板进入车厢1内部的空气能够与车厢1内部的空气进行充分混合，再进入到回排风共用风道520，达到了预期的送回风效果。而且空调机组4的机组回风口41不再与回风口440正对，且回风口440尽可能远离了空调机组4，减弱了空调机组4产生的噪音进入车厢1的强度，提升了回风口440区域乘客的乘坐体验。
在本申请的实施例中，空调机组4还具有机组废排风口43。机组送风口 42和机组回风口41可以设置在空调机组4的第一侧，机组废排风口43可以设置在与第一侧相对的第二侧。回排风共用风道520中的空气一部分被空调机组4吸入到混合室中，另一部分则通过机组废排风口43直接排入车厢1外部，以维持车厢1内的气压平衡。
在一种可能的实施例中，回排风共用风道520的数量为两个，两个回排风共用风道520分别设置在送风风道510的两侧。
示例性地，车厢1的内部两侧均设置有侧墙300，侧墙300的内部均可以设置回风管路44，而位于送风风道510两侧的两个回排风共用风道520分别与车厢1内部两侧的回风管路44连接，以使车厢1内部的空气能够从左右两个方向进入到回排风共用风道520中，达到环抱式空气循环流动的效果。如图9和图10所示，图9中箭头方向为风的流动方向。
在一种可能的实施例中，风道500内部沿长度方向固定设置有两个隔板，两个隔板将风道500分隔为三个空间，其中位于两侧的空间分别为两个回排风共用风道520，位于中央的空间为送风风道510。
示例性地，风道500为一个规则的空心结构，例如可以为矩形管或椭圆形管等，风道500沿车厢1的长度方向延伸，并近乎贯穿整个车厢1。风道500内部的隔板也沿风道500的长度方向，即沿车厢1的长度方向延伸，将风道500内部的空间分割为三个狭长且彼此独立的空间，其中位于两侧的空间即为两个回排风共用风道520，而位于两个回排风共用风道520之间的空间则为送风风道510。
在本申请的实施例中，隔板可以通过密封胶或铆钉固定在风道500内部，确保回排风共用风道520和送风风道510之间的隔离效果，采用密封胶时，可以将密封胶设置在隔板和风道500的内壁之间。采用上述规则形状的风道500可以使风道500得以采用大块板材制造，减小了制造过程中边角料的产生，降低了制造成本，同时，将回风管路44集成在侧墙300中，和规则形状的风道500一起提升了车厢1内部空间的利用率。
进一步地，送风风道510的宽度大于回排风共用风道520的宽度。具体来说，送风风道510的宽度可以是回排风共用风道520的宽度的2-4倍。
在一种可能的实施例中，回风管路44使用导热材料制成。
示例性地，当夏季气温较高时，空调机组4需要对空气进行冷却，而当冬季气温较低时，空调机组4会对空气进行加热。而冷却或加热后的空气进入车厢1内部后可能并未完成充分的热交换就进入到回风管路44，导致了能源的浪费。本申请采用导热材料制造回风管路44，使进入到回风管路44的空气仍能继续与车厢1中的空气进行热交换，提升能源的利用率。上述的导热材料可以为金属，例如铝、铝合金等材料。
本申请实施例还提供了一种车厢，包括车顶、侧墙300、地板和边顶板，车厢1内设置有上述的送回风系统，回风管路44设置在侧墙300和边顶板内。
示例性地，车顶位于车厢1的顶部，边顶板设置在车顶和侧墙300之间，车厢1的底部具有地板，送回风系统中的风道500即设置在边顶板和车顶之间的空间中。侧墙300为空心结构，回风管路44设置在该侧墙300的内部。
在本申请的实施例中，回风口440设置在侧墙300内侧面，即位于车厢1内部一侧的侧面上。具体来说，回风口440设置在墙300内侧面的底部。
具体地，侧墙300内间隔设置有多个回风腔，回风腔底部设置回风口440；边顶板与车顶之间形成的空腔内设有回风管，回风管与回风腔连通，形成回风管路44。
在一种可能的实施例中，地板上设置有座椅，回风口440位于座椅下方的侧墙300上。
示例性地，座椅沿车厢1的长度方向排列，且座椅的侧面连接在侧墙300的内侧面上，座椅的底端连接在车厢1的地板上，将回风口440设置在座椅下方，可以形成隐藏式的回风口，不但提升了车厢1内部的美观，而且增大了送风口和回风口之间的距离，进一步提高了车厢1内空气混合的均匀性。
本申请实施例还提供了一种轨道车辆，包括多个上述的车厢1。
示例性地，多个车厢1可以依次连接，形成本申请中的轨道车辆。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种送回风系统，其特征在于，包括：
    空调机组；
    风道，用于设置在车厢的内顶面上，所述风道包括：
    送风风道，与所述空调机组的机组送风口连接，且沿所述风道的长度方向延伸，所述送风风道的底部具有送风口；
    回排风共用风道，分别与所述空调机组的机组回风口和机组废排风口连接，且与所述送风风道并排设置；
    回风管路，所述回排风共用风道与所述回风管路连接，所述回风管路的下端具有回风口，所述回风口用于沿所述车厢的侧墙延伸至所述车厢内的座椅下方处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述回排风共用风道的数量为两个，两个所述回排风共用风道分别设置在所述送风风道的两侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述风道内部沿长度方向固定设置有两个隔板，两个所述隔板将所述风道分隔为三个空间，其中位于两侧的所述空间分别为两个所述回排风共用风道，位于中央的所述空间为所述送风风道。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述隔板与所述风道的内壁之间设置有密封胶。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述送风风道的宽度大于所述回排风共用风道的宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述送风风道的宽度是所述回排风共用风道的宽度的2-4倍。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述机组送风口和所述机组回风口设置在所述空调机组的第一侧，所述机组废排风口设置 在与所述第一侧相对的第二侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种送回风系统，其特征在于，所述回风管路使用导热材料制成，以使所述回风管路中的空气与车厢中的空气进行热交换。
  9. 一种车厢，其特征在于，包括车顶、侧墙、地板和边顶板，所述车厢内设置有如权利要求1-8任一项所述的送回风系统，所述回风管路设置在所述侧墙和所述边顶板内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种车厢，其特征在于，所述侧墙内间隔设置有多个回风腔，所述回风腔底部设置所述回风口；
    所述边顶板与所述车顶之间形成的空腔内设有回风管，所述回风管与所述回风腔连通，形成所述回风管路。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种车厢，其特征在于，所述地板上设置有座椅，所述回风口位于所述座椅下方的所述侧墙上。
  12. 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求9-11任一项所述的车厢。
PCT/CN2023/121001 2022-09-27 2023-09-25 一种送回风系统、车厢及轨道车辆 WO2024067459A1 (zh)

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