WO2024016272A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016272A1
WO2024016272A1 PCT/CN2022/107122 CN2022107122W WO2024016272A1 WO 2024016272 A1 WO2024016272 A1 WO 2024016272A1 CN 2022107122 W CN2022107122 W CN 2022107122W WO 2024016272 A1 WO2024016272 A1 WO 2024016272A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
assembly
end cap
housing
end cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/107122
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷育永
郭志君
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280059979.2A priority Critical patent/CN117941138A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/107122 priority patent/WO2024016272A1/zh
Publication of WO2024016272A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016272A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell and a manufacturing method thereof, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • This application provides a battery cell, a manufacturing method thereof, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve safety.
  • a battery cell including a case, a first end cap assembly, a second end cap assembly, and an electrode assembly. Openings are provided at opposite ends of the housing.
  • the first end cover assembly and the second end cover assembly are respectively used to cover the two openings of the housing.
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body, a first tab and a second tab.
  • the first tab extends from the main body toward the first end surface of the first end cover assembly and is used to connect the first end cover assembly.
  • the second tab extends from the main body.
  • the portion extends out from the second end surface of the second end cap assembly and is used to connect the second end cap assembly.
  • the length of the first pole protruding from the first end surface is L 1
  • the length of the second pole protruding from the second end surface is L 2
  • L 2 is smaller than L 1 .
  • the second tab has a smaller length than the first tab, which can reduce the redundancy of the second tab and reduce the insertion force of the second tab into the main body when the battery cell is subject to external impact. risk, reduce short circuit hazards and improve safety.
  • the first pole tab has a larger protruding length than the second pole tab, which can reduce the difficulty of connecting the first pole tab and the first end cover assembly and simplify the assembly process. The above technical solution differentiates the length of the first tab and the length of the second tab to reduce the risk of the second tab being inserted into the main body and improve safety while meeting the assembly requirements.
  • the first end cap assembly includes a first electrode lead and the second end cap assembly includes a second electrode lead.
  • the first tab is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out member, and the second tab is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out member.
  • the first electrode lead-out piece can electrically connect the first tab to an external circuit, and the second electrode lead-out piece can electrically connect the second tab to the external circuit, thereby realizing charging and discharging of the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cell further includes an isolation member, at least partially located between the first end cap assembly and the first end face.
  • the isolation member is provided with a channel, and the first tab passes through the channel and is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out member.
  • the isolation member can insulate and isolate at least part of the passage of the first tab from the first end surface of the main body, thereby reducing the difficulty of inserting the first tab into the main body when the battery cell is subjected to external impact. risk, reduce short circuit hazards and improve safety.
  • the second pole tab has a smaller protruding length relative to the first pole tab and is not easily inserted into the main body. Therefore, the above technical solution does not require another isolation member between the second end cap assembly and the second end face, so that Save space and improve the energy density of battery cells.
  • the first tab includes a plurality of first tab layers, and the plurality of first tab layers are partially stacked in the channel.
  • the size of the channel along its own width direction is W
  • the total thickness of the multiple first tab layers is T 0 .
  • W and T 0 satisfy: 0.5mm ⁇ WT 0 ⁇ 4mm.
  • the multiple first tab layers are in an unclamped state in the channel, which can restrain the multiple first poles to a certain extent.
  • the ear layer can reduce the deformation of the first ear layer, and can also reduce the friction between the first ear layer and the wall of the channel, reducing the risk of friction and wear of the first ear layer.
  • the isolation member has a maximum dimension L 3 along the thickness of the first end cap assembly.
  • L 1 , L 2 and L 3 satisfy: L 1 -L 2 ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ L 3 .
  • the second pole tab may be directly connected to the second electrode lead-out member, and may have a smaller protruding length relative to the first pole tab.
  • the first pole needs to pass through the channel and then be connected to the first electrode lead-out piece.
  • the distance between the first electrode lead-out piece and the first end surface will be affected by the isolation member. limit.
  • the above technical solution makes L 1 -L 2 ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ L 3 to ensure the size of the protruding isolation member of the first pole, so that the connection area between the first electrode lead-out piece and the first pole meets the requirements.
  • L 1 , L 2 and L 3 satisfy: L 1 -L 2 ⁇ L 3 .
  • the above technical solution can make the first pole protrude from the isolation member by a sufficient size to reduce the connection area between the first electrode lead-out piece and the first pole tab and the connection between the second electrode lead-out piece and the second pole tab.
  • the difference in area improves the consistency of overcurrent between the first and second poles.
  • the first end cover assembly further includes a first end cover and a first insulating member, the first end cover is connected to the housing, and the first insulating member is disposed on a side of the first end cover facing the main body, The first electrode lead-out piece is provided on the first end cover. In the thickness direction of the first end cap assembly, at least part of the isolation member is located between the first end surface and the first insulating member.
  • the first insulating member can be used to insulate and isolate the first end cap from the electrode assembly to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the first insulating member and the first end surface can limit the isolation member from both sides, so as to reduce the shaking amplitude of the isolation member when the battery cell is subjected to external impact.
  • a receiving recess is provided on a side of the isolation member away from the first end surface, the channel passes through the bottom wall of the receiving recess, and the portion of the first tab passing through the channel is received in the receiving recess. At least part of the first insulating member is received in the receiving recess.
  • the portion of the first insulating member accommodated in the receiving recess can limit the isolation member, thereby limiting the movement of the isolation member in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first end cover assembly.
  • the bottom wall of the accommodation recess may separate a portion of the first tab from the first end surface to reduce the risk of the first tab being inserted into the main body.
  • the portion of the first tab accommodated in the accommodation recess is bent and disposed between the first electrode lead-out piece and the bottom wall of the accommodation recess.
  • the first tab includes M first tab layers arranged in a stack, where M is a positive integer greater than 1, and the thickness of each first tab layer is T 1 .
  • the minimum distance between the first electrode lead-out piece and the bottom wall of the accommodation recess is h 1 , h 1 > 2M ⁇ T 1 .
  • the above technical solution makes h 1 > 2M ⁇ T 1 to provide space for the bending of the first tab in the thickness direction of the first end cover assembly and reduce the risk of the bent first tab being inserted into the main body. Improve security.
  • the first insulating member presses the first end surface through the isolation member.
  • the first insulator restricts the movement of the main body through the isolation member, thereby reducing the amplitude of the main body shaking along the thickness direction of the first end cover assembly when the battery cell is subjected to external impact, reducing the shedding of active material and improving safety.
  • the isolation member includes a first isolation member and a second isolation member connected to the first isolation member, and a channel is formed between the first isolation member and the second isolation member.
  • the first isolator and the second isolator can limit the position of the first tab to reduce the shaking and deformation of the first tab when the battery cell is subjected to external impact.
  • the first isolator and the second isolator are independently formed and connected, which can make the assembly method of the isolation component and the electrode assembly more flexible.
  • the second end cap assembly further includes a second end cap and a second insulating member, the second end cap is connected to the housing, and the second electrode lead-out member is provided on the second end cap.
  • the second insulating member is disposed on the side of the second end cap facing the main body, and the second insulating member directly presses against the second end surface.
  • the second insulating member can be used to insulate and isolate the second end cap from the electrode assembly to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the second insulator can limit the movement of the main body in the thickness direction of the second end cover assembly, thereby reducing the shaking amplitude of the main body in the thickness direction of the second end cover assembly when the battery cell is subjected to external impact, thereby reducing activity. Shedding of substances improves safety.
  • the second tab is bent and disposed between the second electrode lead-out member and the second end surface.
  • the second tab includes N second tab layers arranged in a stack, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the thickness of each second tab layer is T 2 .
  • the minimum distance between the second electrode lead-out member and the second end surface is h, h>2N ⁇ T 2 .
  • the above technical solution can provide space for bending the second tab in the thickness direction of the second end cover assembly, thereby reducing the risk of the bent second tab being inserted into the main body, and improving safety.
  • the first tab has a melting point that is lower than the melting point of the second tab.
  • the overcurrent path of the first tab is longer, the first tab generates more heat, and the melting point of the first tab is lower. Therefore, when the battery cell When a short circuit occurs, the first pole is more likely to fuse, cutting off the circuit in time and reducing safety risks.
  • the first tab is a positive tab and the second tab is a negative tab.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including a plurality of battery cells provided in any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including the battery provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including: providing an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body, a first tab and a second tab.
  • the first tab and the second tab are Extending from the first end surface and the second end surface of the main body respectively, the length of the first pole protruding from the first end surface is L 1 , the length of the second pole protruding from the second end surface is L 2 , L 2 is less than L 1 ;
  • the first end cover assembly and the second end cover assembly respectively cover the two openings of the housing.
  • the first end face faces the first end cover assembly
  • the second end face faces the second end cover assembly
  • the first pole is connected to the first end cover. assembly
  • the second tab is connected to the second end cover assembly.
  • the steps of assembling the electrode assembly, the first end cap assembly, the second end cap assembly and the housing include: step (S11), connecting the second tab and the second end cap assembly; step (S12), Extend the electrode assembly into the housing through one opening of the housing, and extend the first tab through another opening of the housing; step (S13), connect the second end cover assembly and the housing so that the second end The cover assembly covers an opening; step (S14), connect the first pole and the first end cover assembly; step (S15), connect the first end cover assembly and the shell, so that the first end cover assembly covers the other Open your mouth. Step (S11) to step (S15) are executed in sequence.
  • step S11 is performed before step S12.
  • the connection process of the second tab and the second end cover assembly will not be interfered by the housing, which can reduce the requirement for the length L2 of the second tab.
  • the redundancy of the second tab is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of the second tab being inserted into the main body when the battery cell is subject to external impact, reducing potential short circuits and improving safety.
  • Step S14 needs to be performed after step S13.
  • the connection process of the first tab and the first end cover assembly will be limited by the housing; the first tab in the embodiment of the present application has a larger length L 1 and can extend
  • the housing is connected to the first end cover assembly, thereby reducing the difficulty of connecting the first pole and the first end cover assembly and simplifying the assembly process.
  • the steps of assembling the electrode assembly, the first end cover assembly, the second end cover assembly and the housing include: step (S21), placing the electrode assembly into the housing, and connecting the first tab and the second end cover assembly.
  • the poles respectively extend through the two openings of the shell; step (S22), connect the second pole and the second end cover assembly; step (S23), connect the second end cover assembly and the shell, so that the second end
  • the cover assembly covers an opening of the shell; step (S24), connect the first pole and the first end cover assembly; step (S25), connect the first end cover assembly and the shell, so that the first end cover assembly covers Close another opening in the housing.
  • Step (S21) to step (S25) are executed in sequence.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in Figure 5 at circular frame A;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in Figure 5 at circular frame B;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the isolation member shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic flow chart of a manufacturing method of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams of the manufacturing process of battery cells provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • parallel includes not only the absolutely parallel situation, but also the roughly parallel situation that is conventionally recognized in engineering; at the same time, the term “perpendicular” includes not only the absolutely vertical situation, but also the roughly parallel situation that is conventionally recognized in engineering. vertical situation.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application are not limited to this. .
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including multiple battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • a battery may generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode tab.
  • the positive electrode current collector is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode tab is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode piece includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body and first and second tabs extending from the main body.
  • the main body is the electricity generation part of the electrode assembly, and the active material inside the main body is used for electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte, etc. to generate charging and discharging process.
  • the polarity of the first tab and the second tab are opposite, and the first tab and the second tab are used for electrical connection with the outside to realize charging and discharging of the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cell also includes a casing, which is used to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the shell includes a shell, a first end cover assembly and a second end cover assembly. Openings are provided at opposite ends of the shell. The first end cover assembly and the second end cover assembly are respectively used to cover the shell. two openings in the body.
  • the first and second poles are connected to the first and second end cap assemblies respectively, and the first and second end cap assemblies can be used to connect the first and second poles to the outside. Circuit to realize charging and discharging of electrode components.
  • the first tab and the second tab of the electrode assembly are usually designed with equal lengths.
  • the first pole and the second pole usually have a larger length; when the first pole After the cap assembly and the second end cap assembly are connected to the housing, the first and second tabs may be redundant.
  • the redundant part of the first tab and the redundant part of the second tab may be inserted into the main body, thereby causing the risk of positive and negative pole conduction and causing safety hazards.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a technical solution that differentiates the length of the first tab and the length of the second tab to reduce the insertion time of the tab into the main body while meeting the assembly requirements. risks and improve safety.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case 5 and a battery cell 6 , and the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the case 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells 6, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 5a and a second box body part 5b.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the two box portions 5b jointly define an accommodating space 5c for accommodating the battery cells 6.
  • the second box part 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 5a is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box part 5b to form a receiving space 5c.
  • the box body 5; the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the opening side of the first box body part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box body part 5b , to form a box 5 having an accommodation space 5c.
  • the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 5a can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell 6 or a plurality of battery cells 6 . If there are multiple battery cells 6 , the multiple battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 6 are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 6 can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, multiple battery cells 6 can also be connected in series first. They are connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 in the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 10 , a case 20 , a first end cap assembly 30 and a second end cap assembly 40 . Openings 21 are provided at two opposite ends of the housing 20 .
  • the first end cover assembly 30 and the second end cover assembly 40 are respectively used to cover the two openings 21 of the housing 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a main body 11 , a first tab 12 and a second tab 13 .
  • the first tab 12 extends from the main body 11 toward the first end surface 111 of the first end cap assembly 30 and is used to connect the first end cap.
  • the second tab 13 extends from the main body 11 toward the second end surface 112 of the second end cap assembly 40 and is used to connect to the second end cap assembly 40 .
  • the length 112 of the first pole tab 12 protruding from the first end surface 111 is L 1
  • the length 112 of the second pole tab 13 protruding from the second end surface is L 2
  • L 2 is smaller than L 1 .
  • the housing 20 has a hollow structure.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be used; if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be used.
  • the housing 20 can be made of various materials.
  • the housing 20 can be made of metal or plastic.
  • the material of the housing 20 may be copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the first end cap assembly 30 and the second end cap assembly 40 are used to close the two openings 21 of the housing 20 so as to form an accommodation cavity with the housing 20 for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 and the electrolyte.
  • the first end cap assembly 30 and the second end cap assembly 40 can also be used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 10 to the circuit outside the battery cell 6 to realize charging and discharging of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first end cap assembly 30 can electrically connect the first tab 12 to the external circuit
  • the second end cap assembly 40 can electrically connect the second tab 13 to the external circuit.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive electrode piece and a negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 10 generates electrical energy through oxidation and reduction reactions during the insertion/extraction of ions in the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 10 further includes an isolation film, which is used to insulate and isolate the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 10 may be a wound electrode assembly, a laminated electrode assembly, or other types of electrode assemblies.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a laminated electrode assembly, which includes a plurality of positive electrode pieces and a plurality of negative electrode pieces, and the plurality of positive electrode pieces and the plurality of negative electrode pieces are alternately stacked.
  • the main body part 11 may include a portion of the positive electrode piece coated with the active material layer, a portion of the negative electrode piece coated with the active material layer, and a separation film.
  • the active material in the active material layer is used to react electrochemically with the electrolyte to produce a charge and discharge process.
  • the main body 11 has a first end surface 111 and a second end surface 112 at opposite ends.
  • the first end surface 111 faces the first end cap assembly 30 and the second end surface 112 faces the second end cap assembly 40 .
  • the first end face 111 is the end face of the main body 11 close to the first end cover assembly 30 .
  • the first end face 111 can be a face formed by the edge of the pole piece close to the first end cover assembly 30 , or it can be an isolation film close to the first end.
  • the edge of the cover assembly 30 forms a surface.
  • the isolation film forms a first end surface 111 close to an edge of the first end cap assembly 30 .
  • the second end face 112 is the end face of the main body 11 close to the second end cover assembly 40 .
  • the second end face 112 may be a face formed by the edge of the pole piece close to the second end cover assembly 40 , or may be an isolation film close to the second end.
  • the edges of the cover assembly 40 form a face.
  • the isolation film forms the second end surface 112 near an edge of the second end cap assembly 40 .
  • both the first end surface 111 and the second end surface 112 are substantially planar.
  • the first end surface 111 and the second end surface 112 are substantially parallel.
  • the polarity of the first tab 12 and the polarity of the second tab 13 are opposite.
  • one of the first tab 12 and the second tab 13 is a positive tab, and the other is a negative tab.
  • the first tab 12 extends from the first end surface 111 .
  • the first tab 12 has a first root portion close to the first end surface 111 and a first end portion 12a away from the first end surface 111 .
  • the maximum distance between the first end 12a of the first tab 12 and the first end surface 111 in the direction perpendicular to the first end surface 111 may be L. 1 .
  • the maximum distance between the first end 12 a and the first end surface 111 can be reached in the direction perpendicular to the first end surface 111 .
  • the distance may be L 1 .
  • the second tab 13 extends from the second end surface 112 .
  • the second tab 13 has a second root portion close to the second end surface 112 and a second end portion 13a away from the second end surface 112 .
  • the maximum distance between the second end 13a of the second tab 13 and the second end surface 112 in the direction perpendicular to the second end surface 112 may be L. 2 .
  • the maximum distance between the second end 13a and the second end surface 112 can be reached.
  • the distance may be L 2 .
  • the second tab 13 has a smaller protruding length relative to the first tab 12, which can reduce the redundancy of the second tab 13 and reduce the impact when the battery cell 6 is subjected to an external impact.
  • the risk of inserting the second tab 13 into the main body 11 reduces the risk of short circuit and improves safety.
  • the first pole tab 12 has a larger protruding length than the second pole tab 13 , which can reduce the difficulty of connecting the first pole tab 12 and the first end cover assembly 30 and simplify the assembly process.
  • the lengths of the first tab 12 and the length of the second tab 13 are differentiated to reduce the risk of the second tab 13 being inserted into the main body 11 and improve safety while meeting the assembly requirements. .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is configured to be installed into the housing 20 after the second tab 13 and the second end cap assembly 40 are connected.
  • the connection process between the second tab 13 and the second end cover assembly 40 will not be interfered by the housing 20, which can reduce the requirement for the length L2 of the second tab 13 and reduce the redundancy of the second tab 13. , thereby reducing the risk of the second tab 13 being inserted into the main body 11 when the battery cell 6 is subjected to an external impact, reducing the risk of short circuit and improving safety.
  • the first end cap assembly 30 includes a first electrode lead 31 and the second end cap assembly 40 includes a second electrode lead 41 .
  • the first tab 12 is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out member 31
  • the second tab 13 is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out member 41 .
  • the first electrode lead-out part 31 can electrically connect the first tab 12 to an external circuit
  • the second electrode lead-out part 41 can electrically connect the second tab 13 to the external circuit, thereby realizing charging and discharging of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first tab 12 is welded to the first electrode lead-out 31 .
  • the second tab 13 is welded to the second electrode lead-out member 41 .
  • the first end cap assembly 30 further includes a first end cap 32 for covering an opening 21 of the housing 20 .
  • the shape of the first end cap 32 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 20 to fit the housing 20 .
  • the first end cover 32 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the first end cover 32 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and impact, so that the battery cell 6 can With higher structural strength, safety performance can also be improved.
  • first electrode lead-out member 31 and the first end cap 32 may be separate components, and the first electrode lead-out member 31 may be mounted to the first end cap 32. In some alternative examples, the first electrode lead-out member 31 and the first end cap 32 may also be integrally formed.
  • the first end cap 32 is welded to the housing 20 .
  • the second end cap assembly 40 further includes a second end cap 42 , and the second end cap 42 is used to cover an opening 21 of the housing 20 .
  • the second electrode lead-out part 41 and the second end cap 42 may be independent components, and the second electrode lead-out part 41 may be installed on the second end cap 42 .
  • the second electrode lead-out member 41 and the second end cap 42 may also be integrally formed.
  • the second end cap 42 is welded to the housing 20 .
  • the first tab 12 includes a plurality of first tab layers 121 , and the plurality of first tab layers 121 are stacked.
  • the overcurrent capability of the first tab 12 can be increased, the heat generated by the first tab 12 can be reduced, and the risk of the first tab 12 being melted can be reduced.
  • the first tab layer 121 is a metal foil, and its surface is not coated with an active material layer.
  • the first tab layer may be aluminum foil, steel foil, nickel foil or copper foil.
  • the first tab 12 is provided with a first welding area 12b.
  • a plurality of first tab layers 121 are connected.
  • the plurality of first tab layers 121 may be welded by ultrasonic welding to form the first welding area 12b.
  • the plurality of first tab layers 121 can be gathered and connected, thereby reducing the risk of the plurality of first tab layers 121 being dislocated in subsequent assembly processes.
  • At least part of the first welding zone 12b is used for welding with the first electrode lead-out 31 .
  • the ends of the plurality of first tab layers 121 away from the first end surface 111 are flush.
  • the second tab 13 includes a plurality of second tab layers 131 , and the plurality of second tab layers 131 are stacked.
  • the overcurrent capability of the second tab 13 can be increased, the heat generation of the second tab 13 can be reduced, and the risk of the second tab 13 being melted can be reduced.
  • the second tab layer 131 is a metal foil, and its surface is not coated with an active material layer.
  • the second tab layer may be aluminum foil, steel foil, nickel foil or copper foil.
  • the second tab 13 is provided with a second welding area 13b.
  • a plurality of second tab layers 131 are connected.
  • the plurality of second tab layers 131 may be welded by ultrasonic welding to form the second welding area 13b.
  • the plurality of second tab layers 131 can be gathered and connected, thereby reducing the risk of the plurality of second tab layers 131 being dislocated in the subsequent assembly process.
  • the ends of the plurality of second tab layers 131 away from the second end surface 112 are flush.
  • At least part of the second welding zone 13b is used for welding with the second electrode lead-out 41 .
  • the melting point of the first tab 12 is lower than the melting point of the second tab 13 .
  • the overcurrent path of the first tab 12 is longer, the first tab 12 generates more heat, and the melting point of the first tab 12 is lower. Therefore, when the battery cell 6 When a short circuit occurs, the first tab 12 is easier to fuse, cutting off the circuit in time and reducing safety risks.
  • the material of the first tab 12 includes aluminum, and the material of the second tab 13 includes copper.
  • the first tab 12 is a positive tab
  • the second tab 13 is a negative tab
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in Figure 5 at circular frame A
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the battery cell shown in Figure 5 at An enlarged schematic diagram of the circular frame B
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the isolation member shown in Figure 3.
  • the battery cell 6 further includes an isolation member 50 , and at least part of the isolation member 50 is located between the first end cap assembly 30 and the first end surface 111 .
  • the isolation member 50 is provided with a channel 50a, and the first tab 12 passes through the channel 50a and is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out member 31.
  • the isolation member 50 may be entirely located between the first end cover assembly 30 and the first end face 111 , or may be only partially located between the first end cover assembly 30 and the first end face 111 .
  • the isolation member 50 may be an integrated structure or a split structure. Illustratively, the isolation member 50 may be connected by a plurality of independently formed parts.
  • the channel 50a can be used to connect the space between the isolation member 50 and the first end surface 111 to the space between the isolation member 50 and the first electrode lead-out part 31 so that the first tab 12 can be connected to the first electrode lead-out part 31 .
  • the portion of the first tab 12 accommodated in the channel 50a may be an interference fit, a clearance fit, or a transition fit with the channel 50a.
  • the isolation member 50 can insulate and isolate at least part of the passage 50a of the first tab 12 from the first end surface 111 of the main body 11, so that when the battery cell 6 is subjected to an external impact, the first tab 12 can be lowered and inserted into the main body. 11 risks, reducing short circuit hazards and improving safety.
  • the second pole tab 13 has a smaller protruding length relative to the first pole tab 12 and is not easily inserted into the main body 11 . Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, there is no need to dispose another pole between the second end cover assembly 40 and the second end surface 112 .
  • An isolation member can save space and increase the energy density of the battery cell 6 .
  • the first tab 12 includes a plurality of first tab layers 121, and the plurality of first tab layers 121 are stacked in a portion of the channel 50a.
  • the size of the channel 50a along its own width direction is W
  • the total thickness of the plurality of first tab layers 121 is T 0
  • W and T 0 satisfy: W>T 0 .
  • each first tab layer 121 is T 1
  • the number of the first tab layers 121 is M
  • M is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • T 0 T 1 ⁇ M.
  • the width direction of the channel 50a is generally parallel to the stacking direction of the plurality of first tab layers 121 located in the channel 50a.
  • the walls of the channel 50 a will clamp multiple first tab layers 121 .
  • the first tab layers 121 are located in the channel 50 a It is difficult to release the stress through deformation, which will cause stress concentration in the first tab layer 121 and cause the risk of cracking of the first tab layer 121 .
  • the embodiment of the present application sets W>T 0 to provide an activity space for the first tab layer 121 in the channel 50a, reduce stress concentration, and reduce the risk of cracking of the first tab layer 121.
  • W and T 0 satisfy: 0.5mm ⁇ WT 0 ⁇ 4mm.
  • the inventor makes the value of WT 0 less than or equal to 4 mm to effectively bind the plurality of first tab layers 121 .
  • the plurality of first tab layers 121 are in an unclamped state in the channel 50a, which can restrain the plurality of first tab layers 121 to a certain extent.
  • One tab layer 121 reduces the deformation of the first tab layer 121 and can also reduce the friction between the first tab layer 121 and the wall of the channel 50a, thereby reducing the risk of friction and wear of the first tab layer 121.
  • the value of WT 0 is 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm or 4mm.
  • W and T 0 satisfy: 1 mm ⁇ WT 0 ⁇ 3 mm.
  • the first tab 12 may be passed through the channel 50 a first, and then the first tab 12 and the first electrode lead-out member 31 may be connected. In an alternative embodiment, the first tab 12 and the first electrode lead-out member 31 may also be connected first, and then the isolation member 50 is installed.
  • the isolation member 50 has a maximum dimension L 3 along the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly.
  • L 1 , L 2 and L 3 satisfy: L 1 -L 2 ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ L 3 .
  • the second tab 13 may be directly connected to the second electrode lead-out member 41 , and may have a smaller protruding length relative to the first tab 12 .
  • the first tab 12 needs to pass through the channel 50a before being connected to the first electrode lead 31.
  • the isolation member 50 the embodiment of the present application makes L 1 -L 2 ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ L 3 to ensure the size of the first tab 12 extending out of the isolation member 50, so that the first electrode lead-out member 31 and The connection area between the first pole lugs 12 meets the requirements.
  • L 1 , L 2 and L 3 satisfy: L 1 -L 2 ⁇ L 3 .
  • the embodiment of the present application can make the first tab 12 protrude from the isolation member 50 by a sufficient size to reduce the connection area between the first electrode lead 31 and the first tab 12 and the connection area between the second electrode lead 41 and the second electrode lead 41 .
  • the difference in connection area between the pole tabs 13 improves the consistency of overcurrent between the first pole tab 12 and the second pole tab 13 .
  • the value of L3 is 3mm-20mm.
  • the value of L 3 is 8mm-12mm.
  • the housing 20 is provided with openings 21 at both ends along the thickness direction X of the first end cover assembly.
  • the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly is perpendicular to the first end surface 111 and the second end surface 112 .
  • the isolation member 50 is located on one side of the first end surface 111 along the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly.
  • the first end cover assembly 30 further includes a first end cover 32 and a first insulating member 33.
  • the first end cover 32 is connected to the housing 20, and the first insulating member 33 is disposed on the first end cover 32. Facing the side of the main body 11 , the first electrode lead-out member 31 is provided on the first end cover 32 .
  • the first electrode lead-out member 31 is provided on the first end cover 32 .
  • the isolation member 50 is located between the first end surface 111 and the first insulating member 33 .
  • the first insulating member 33 may be fixedly connected to the isolation member 50 , or may not be fixed to the isolation member 50 .
  • the first insulating member 33 can be used to insulate the first end cap 32 from the electrode assembly 10 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the first insulating member 33 and the first end surface 111 can limit the isolating member 50 from both sides, so as to reduce the shaking amplitude of the isolating member 50 when the battery cell 6 is subjected to an external impact.
  • the first insulating member 33 is made of plastic.
  • the first insulating member 33 is disposed on the inner surface of the first end cap 32 .
  • the isolation member 50 is sandwiched between the first insulating member 33 and the first end surface 111 of the main body portion 11 in the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly.
  • the first insulator 33 and the first end surface 111 of the main body portion 11 clamp at least part of the isolation member 50 from both sides to limit the movement of the isolation member 50 in the thickness direction 6.
  • the amplitude of shaking of the isolation member 50 along the thickness direction X of the first end cover assembly is reduced to improve safety.
  • a receiving recess 51 is provided on the side of the isolation member 50 away from the first end surface 111 .
  • the channel 50 a passes through the bottom wall 511 of the receiving recess 51 .
  • the portion of the first tab 12 passing through the channel 50 a is received in the receiving recess 51 .
  • At least part of the first insulating member 33 is accommodated in the accommodation recess 51 .
  • the portion of the first insulating member 33 accommodated in the receiving recess 51 can limit the isolation member 50 , thereby limiting the movement of the isolation member 50 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly.
  • the bottom wall 511 of the accommodation recess 51 may separate a part of the first tab 12 from the first end surface 111 to reduce the risk of the first tab 12 being inserted into the main body 11 .
  • the side wall 512 of the accommodation recess 51 is provided with a step surface 512a, and the portion of the first insulating member 33 accommodated in the accommodation recess 51 is pressed against the step surface 512a.
  • the first insulating member 33 presses against the step surface 512a to limit the movement of the isolation member 50 in the thickness direction X of the first end cover assembly.
  • the step surface 512a is parallel to the first end surface 111 .
  • the side wall 512 of the accommodation recess 51 is provided with a limiting surface 512b adjacent to the step surface 512a.
  • the limiting surface 512b surrounds the outside of the first insulating member 33 and is in contact with the first insulating member 33.
  • the first insulating member 33 and the first end surface 111 clamp the isolation member 50 to achieve the fixation of the isolation member 50 in the thickness direction to achieve fixation of the isolation member 50 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly.
  • the portion of the first insulating member 33 accommodated in the receiving recess 51 is engaged with the isolation member 50 , thereby achieving the fixation of the isolation member 50 .
  • the portion of the first insulating member 33 accommodated in the receiving recess 51 may also be welded to the isolation member 50 .
  • the portion of the first tab 12 accommodated in the accommodating recess 51 is bent and disposed between the first electrode lead-out member 31 and the bottom wall 511 of the accommodating recess 51 .
  • the first tab 12 includes M stacked first tab layers 121 , M is a positive integer greater than 1, and the thickness of each first tab layer 121 is T 1 . Along the thickness direction
  • h 1 > 2M ⁇ T 1 is used to provide space for the bending of the first tab 12 in the thickness direction Part 11 risks to improve safety.
  • the first insulating member 33 presses the first end surface 111 through the isolation member 50 .
  • the first insulating member 33 restricts the movement of the main body 11 through the isolation member 50, thereby reducing the shaking amplitude of the main body 11 along the thickness direction , improve safety.
  • the isolation member 50 includes a first isolation member 52 and a second isolation member 53 connected to the first isolation member 52.
  • a channel 50a is formed between the first isolation member 52 and the second isolation member 53.
  • the first isolator 52 and the second isolator 53 can be connected by snapping, welding, adhesion or other methods.
  • the first isolator 52 and the second isolator 53 can limit the position of the first tab 12 to reduce the shaking and deformation of the first tab 12 when the battery cell 6 is subjected to external impact.
  • the first isolation member 52 and the second isolation member 53 are independently formed and connected, which can make the assembly method of the isolation member 50 and the electrode assembly 10 more flexible.
  • the isolation member 50 may be assembled first, and then the first tab 12 is passed through the channel 50 a of the isolation member 50 , and then the first tab 12 and the first electrode lead-out member 31 are connected. In other examples, the first tab 12 and the first electrode lead-out member 31 may be connected first, and then the first isolation member 52 and the second isolation member 53 may be installed from both sides of the first tab 12 to complete the assembly. The isolating member 50 is installed on the first tab 12 .
  • the first isolator 52 is provided with a latching protrusion 521
  • the second isolator 53 is provided with a latching hole that cooperates with the latching protrusion 521, and the latching protrusion 521 is inserted into the latching hole, so that the first The isolation piece 52 is snap-connected with the second isolation piece 53 .
  • the isolation member 50 is an integrally formed structure. By arranging the isolation member 50 to be integrally formed, the isolation member 50 can have higher overall strength and the assembly process of the isolation member 50 can be omitted.
  • the second end cap assembly 40 further includes a second end cap 42 and a second insulating member 43.
  • the second end cap 42 is connected to the housing 20, and the second electrode lead-out member 41 is provided on the second end cap 42. .
  • the second insulating member 43 is disposed on the side of the second end cover 42 facing the main body 11 , and the second insulating member 43 directly presses against the second end surface 112 .
  • the second insulating member 43 can be used to insulate the second end cap 42 from the electrode assembly 10 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the second insulator 43 can limit the movement of the main body 11 in the thickness direction of the second end cover assembly, thereby reducing the shaking of the main body 11 in the thickness direction of the second end cover assembly when the battery cell 6 is impacted by an external force. amplitude, reducing the shedding of active substances and improving safety.
  • the thickness direction of the second end cap assembly is parallel to the thickness direction X of the first end cap assembly.
  • the second insulating member 43 and the isolation member 50 can limit the main body part 11 from both sides to reduce the shaking amplitude of the main body part 11 when the battery cell 6 is subjected to external impact.
  • the isolation member 50 and the second insulating member 43 clamp the main body 11 from both sides to limit the movement of the main body 11 in the thickness direction In the event of an external impact, the amplitude of shaking of the main body 11 along the thickness direction X of the first end cover assembly is reduced, reducing the loss of active material and improving safety.
  • an insulating protrusion 431 is provided on the side of the second insulating member 43 facing the main body 11 , and the insulating protrusion 431 presses against the second end surface 112 .
  • the second tab 13 is bent and disposed between the second electrode lead-out member 41 and the second end surface 112; the second tab 13 includes N second tab layers 131 arranged in a stack, and N is greater than is a positive integer of 1, and the thickness of each second tab layer 131 is T 2 .
  • the minimum distance between the second electrode lead-out member 41 and the second end surface 112 is h, h>2N ⁇ T 2 .
  • h>2N ⁇ T 2 is used to provide space for the bending of the second tab 13 in the thickness direction of the second end cover assembly, and to reduce the insertion of the bent second tab 13 into the main body 11 risks and improve safety.
  • the second tab 13 includes a first section 132, a second section 133 and a bent section 134.
  • the first section 132 is connected to the second end cover assembly 40, and the second section 133 is located on the side of the first section 132 facing the main body 11 And connected to the main body 11 , the bent section 134 is bent relative to the first section 132 and is used to connect the first section 132 and the second section 133 .
  • the first section 132 may be parallel to the second section 133 .
  • an included angle greater than 0° may also be formed between the first section 132 and the second section 133 .
  • the thickness T 3 of the first section 132 is equal to N ⁇ T 2 .
  • the first section 132 is generally parallel to the second end surface 112 .
  • the present application also provides a battery including a plurality of battery cells according to any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery of any of the above embodiments, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the power-consuming device can be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using battery cells.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 6 , which includes an electrode assembly 10 , a housing 20 , a first end cap assembly 30 , a second end cap assembly 40 and Isolating member 50. Openings 21 are provided at two opposite ends of the housing 20 .
  • the first end cover assembly 30 includes a first end cover 32 and a first electrode lead-out member 31 provided on the first end cover 32
  • the second end cover assembly 40 includes a second end cover 42 and a third electrode lead member 31 provided on the second end cover 42 .
  • the two electrode lead-out parts 41, the first end cap 32 and the second end cap 42 are respectively used to cover the two openings 21 of the housing 20.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a main body 11 , a first tab 12 and a second tab 13 .
  • the first tab 12 extends from the main body 11 toward the first end surface 111 of the first end cap assembly 30 and is used to connect the first electrode lead.
  • the second tab 13 extends from the main body 11 toward the second end surface 112 of the second end cap assembly 40 and is used to connect the second electrode lead-out member 41 .
  • the length of the first pole tab 12 protruding from the first end surface 111 is L 1
  • the length of the second pole tab 13 protruding from the second end surface 112 is L 2
  • L 2 is smaller than L 1 .
  • the isolation member 50 is located between the first end cap assembly 30 and the first end face 111 .
  • the isolation member 50 is provided with a channel 50a, and the first tab 12 passes through the channel 50a and is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out member 31.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell according to the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • Step S100 Provide an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body, a first tab and a second tab.
  • the first tab and the second tab respectively extend from the first end surface and the second end surface of the main body.
  • the first tab The length protruding from the first end surface is L 1
  • the length of the second pole protruding from the second end surface is L 2
  • L 2 is smaller than L 1 ;
  • Step S200 Provide a first end cover assembly
  • Step S300 Provide a second end cover assembly
  • Step S400 Provide a housing with openings provided at opposite ends of the housing;
  • Step S500 Assemble the electrode assembly, the first end cover assembly, the second end cover assembly and the housing, wherein the first end cover assembly and the second end cover assembly respectively cover the two openings of the housing, and the first end face faces the second end cover assembly.
  • steps S200, S300, and S400 are executed in no particular order and may also be executed at the same time.
  • steps S200, S300 and S400 may be executed according to the assembly sequence of step S500.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams of the manufacturing process of battery cells provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • step S500 includes:
  • Step S11 Connect the second tab 13 and the second end cover assembly 40;
  • Step S12 Extend the electrode assembly 10 into the housing 20 through one opening 21 of the housing 20, and extend the first tab 12 through the other opening 21 of the housing 20;
  • Step S13 Connect the second end cover assembly 40 and the housing 20 so that the second end cover assembly 40 covers an opening 21;
  • Step S14 Connect the first tab 12 and the first end cover assembly 30;
  • Step S15 Connect the first end cover assembly 30 and the housing 20 so that the first end cover assembly 30 covers the other opening 21;
  • steps S11 to S15 are executed in sequence.
  • Steps S100, S200, S300 and S400 may be executed in the order of steps S11 to S15.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell may sequentially perform steps S100, S300, S11, S400, S12, S13, S200, S14, and S15.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell may sequentially perform steps S100, S200, S300, S400, S11, S12, S13, S14 and S15.
  • the manufacturing method of a battery cell may sequentially perform steps S100, S300, S400, S11, S12, S13, S200, S14, and S15.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application can also be performed in other sequences.
  • step S11 is performed before step S12.
  • the connection process between the second tab 13 and the second end cover assembly 40 will not be interfered by the housing 20, which can reduce the length of the second tab 13.
  • the requirement of L2 reduces the redundancy of the second tab 13, thereby reducing the risk of the second tab 13 being inserted into the main body 11 when the battery cell is subject to external impact, reducing short circuit risks and improving safety.
  • Step S14 needs to be performed after step S13.
  • the connection process between the first tab 12 and the first end cover assembly 30 will be limited by the housing 20; the first tab 12 in the embodiment of the present application has a larger length L 1 , It can extend out of the housing 20 and be connected to the first end cover assembly 30, thereby reducing the difficulty of connecting the first tab 12 and the first end cover assembly 30 and simplifying the assembly process.
  • step S500 includes:
  • Step S21 Put the electrode assembly into the case, and make the first tab and the second tab protrude through the two openings of the case respectively;
  • Step S22 connect the second tab and the second end cover assembly
  • Step S23 Connect the second end cover assembly and the housing so that the second end cover assembly covers an opening of the housing;
  • Step S24 connect the first tab and the first end cover assembly
  • Step S25 Connect the first end cover assembly and the housing so that the first end cover assembly covers another opening of the housing;
  • step S21 to step S25 are executed in sequence.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell may sequentially perform steps S100, S400, S21, S300, S22, S23, S200, S24 and S25. In other examples, the manufacturing method of the battery cell may sequentially perform steps S100, S200, S300, S400, S21, S22, S23, S24 and S25.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application can also be performed in other sequences.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置。电池单体包括壳体、第一端盖组件、第二端盖组件和电极组件。壳体相对的两端均设有开口。第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件分别用于盖合壳体的两个开口。电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳从主体部面向第一端盖组件的第一端面延伸出并用于连接第一端盖组件，第二极耳从主体部面向第二端盖组件的第二端面延伸出并用于连接第二端盖组件。第一极耳凸出于第一端面的长度为L 1，第二极耳凸出于第二端面的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1。本申请实施例对第一极耳的尺寸和第二极耳的尺寸进行差异化设计，以在满足装配要求的前提下，降低第二极耳插入主体部的风险，提高安全性。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
如何提高电池单体的安全性，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置，其能提高安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括壳体、第一端盖组件、第二端盖组件和电极组件。壳体相对的两端均设有开口。第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件分别用于盖合壳体的两个开口。电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳从主体部面向第一端盖组件的第一端面延伸出并用于连接第一端盖组件，第二极耳从主体部面向第二端盖组件的第二端面延伸出并用于连接第二端盖组件。第一极耳凸出于第一端面的长度为L 1，第二极耳凸出于第二端面的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1。
上述技术方案中，第二极耳相对于第一极耳具有较小的长度，这样可以减小第二极耳的冗余，在电池单体受到外部冲击时降低第二极耳插入主体部的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。第一极耳相对于第二极耳具有较大的凸出长度，这样可以降低第一极耳和第一端盖组件的连接难度，简化装配工艺。上述技术方案对第一极耳的长度和第二极耳的长度进行差异化设计，以在满足装配要求的前提下，降低第二极耳插入主体部的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一端盖组件包括第一电极引出件，第二端盖组件包括第二电极引出件。第一极耳电连接于第一电极引出件，第二极耳电连接于第二电极引出件。第一电极引出件可将第一极耳电连接到外部电路，第二电极引出件可将第二极耳电连接到外部电路，从而实现电极组件的充放电。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括隔离构件，隔离构件的至少部分位于第一端盖组件和第一端面之间。隔离构件设有通道，第一极耳穿过通道并与第一电极引出件电连接。
在上述技术方案中，隔离构件可以将第一极耳的穿过通道的至少部分与主体部的第一端面绝缘隔离，从而在电池单体受到外部冲击时，降低第一极耳插入主体部的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。第二极耳相对于第一极耳具有较小的凸出长度，其不易插入主体部，因此，上述技术方案无需在第二端盖组件和第二端面之间设置另一个隔离构件，这样可以节省空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施方式中，第一极耳包括多个第一极耳层，多个第一极耳层在通道内的部分层叠设置。通道沿自身宽度方向的尺寸为W，多个第一极耳层的总厚度为T 0，W和T 0满足：0.5mm≤W-T 0≤4mm。
上述技术方案中，通过将W-T 0的值限定在0.5mm-4mm，使多个第一极耳层在通道内处于未被夹紧的状态，这样既可以在一定程度上束缚多个第一极耳层，减小第一极耳层的变形，还能够减小第一极耳层与通道的壁之间的摩擦力，降低第一极耳层摩擦磨损的风险。
在一些实施方式中，沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向，隔离构件的最大尺寸为L 3。L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 1-L 2≥0.8·L 3。
第二极耳可以直接与第二电极引出件相连接，其相对于第一极耳可具有较小的凸出长度。第一极耳需要穿过通道后再与第一电极引出件连接，在装配第一电极引出件和第一极耳时，第一电极引出件与第一端面之间的距离会受到隔离构件的限制。上述技术方案使L 1-L 2≥0.8·L 3，以保证第一极耳的伸出隔离构件的尺寸，使第一电极引出件与第一极耳之间的连接面积满足要求。
在一些实施方式中，L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 1-L 2≥L 3。
上述技术方案可以使第一极耳伸出隔离构件足够的尺寸，以减小第一电极引出件与第一极耳之间的连接面积和第二电极引出件与第二极耳之间的连接面积的差异，提高第一极耳和第二极耳过流的一致性。
在一些实施方式中，第一端盖组件还包括第一端盖和第一绝缘件，第一端盖连接于壳体，第一绝缘件设置于第一端盖的面向主体部的一侧，第一电极引出件设于第一端盖。在第一端盖组件的厚度方向上，隔离构件的至少部分位于第一端面和第一绝缘件之间。
在上述技术方案中，第一绝缘件可以用于将第一端盖与电极组件绝缘隔离，以降低短路风险。第一绝缘件和第一端面可以从两侧对隔离构件进行限位，以在电池单体受到外部冲击时，降低隔离构件晃动的幅度。
在一些实施方式中，隔离构件背离第一端面的一侧设有容纳凹部，通道贯通容纳凹部的底壁，第一极耳穿过通道的部分容纳于容纳凹部。第一绝缘件的至少部分容纳于容纳凹部。
上述技术方案中，第一绝缘件的容纳于容纳凹部的部分可以对隔离构件进行限位，从而限制隔离构件在垂直于第一端盖组件的厚度方向的方向上的移动。容纳凹部的底壁可以将第一极耳的一部分与第一端面隔开，以降低第一极耳插入主体部的风险。
第一极耳容纳于容纳凹部的部分弯折设置于第一电极引出件与容纳凹部的底壁之间。第一极耳包括M个层叠设置的第一极耳层，M为大于1的正整数，各第一极耳层 的厚度为T 1。沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向，第一电极引出件与容纳凹部的底壁之间的最小间距为h 1，h 1＞2M·T 1。
上述技术方案使h 1＞2M·T 1，以在第一端盖组件的厚度方向上为第一极耳的弯折提供空间，减小弯折后的第一极耳插入主体部的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘件通过隔离构件抵压第一端面。
第一绝缘件通过隔离构件限制主体部的移动，进而在电池单体受到外部冲击时，降低主体部沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向晃动的幅度，减少活性物质的脱落，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，隔离构件包括第一隔离件和连接于第一隔离件的第二隔离件，第一隔离件和第二隔离件之间形成通道。
上述技术方案中，第一隔离件和第二隔离件可以对第一极耳进行限位，以在电池单体受到外部冲击时，减小第一极耳的晃动和变形。第一隔离件和第二隔离件独立成型并连接，可以使隔离构件与电极组件的装配方式更为灵活。
在一些实施方式中，第二端盖组件还包括第二端盖和第二绝缘件，第二端盖连接于壳体，第二电极引出件设于第二端盖。第二绝缘件设置于第二端盖的面向主体部的一侧，第二绝缘件直接抵压第二端面。
上述技术方案中，第二绝缘件可以用于将第二端盖与电极组件绝缘隔离，以降低短路风险。第二绝缘件可在第二端盖组件的厚度方向上限制主体部的移动，进而在电池单体受到外部冲击时，降低主体部沿第二端盖组件的厚度方向上晃动的幅度，减少活性物质的脱落，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第二极耳弯折设置于第二电极引出件与第二端面之间。第二极耳包括N个层叠设置的第二极耳层，N为大于1的正整数，各第二极耳层的厚度为T 2。沿第二端盖组件的厚度方向，第二电极引出件与第二端面之间的最小间距为h，h＞2N·T 2。
上述技术方案可以在第二端盖组件的厚度方向上为第二极耳的弯折提供空间，减小弯折后的第二极耳插入主体部的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一极耳的熔点低于第二极耳的熔点。
在上述技术方案中，相较于第二极耳，第一极耳的过电流路径更长，第一极耳的产热更多，且第一极耳的熔点更低，因此，当电池单体发生短路时，第一极耳更易熔断，以及时切断电路并降低安全风险。
在一些实施方式中，第一极耳为正极极耳，第二极耳为负极极耳。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第一方面任一实施方式提供的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第二方面任一实施方式提供的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：提供电极组件，电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳分别从主体部的第一端面和第二端面延伸，第一极耳凸出于第一端面的长度为L 1，第二极耳凸出于 第二端面的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1；提供第一端盖组件；提供第二端盖组件；提供壳体，壳体相对的两端均设有开口；组装电极组件、第一端盖组件、第二端盖组件和壳体。第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件分别盖合壳体的两个开口，第一端面面向第一端盖组件，第二端面面向第二端盖组件，第一极耳连接第一端盖组件，第二极耳连接第二端盖组件。
在一些实施方式中，组装电极组件、第一端盖组件、第二端盖组件和壳体的步骤包括：步骤(S11)、连接第二极耳和第二端盖组件；步骤(S12)、经由壳体的一个开口将电极组件伸入壳体，并使第一极耳经由壳体的另一个开口伸出；步骤(S13)、连接第二端盖组件和壳体，以使第二端盖组件盖合一个开口；步骤(S14)、连接第一极耳和第一端盖组件；步骤(S15)、连接第一端盖组件和壳体，以使第一端盖组件盖合另一个开口。步骤(S11)至步骤(S15)依次执行。
在上述技术方案中，步骤S11在步骤S12之前执行，第二极耳和第二端盖组件的连接过程不会受到壳体的干涉，这样可以降低对第二极耳的长度L 2的要求，减小第二极耳的冗余，从而在电池单体受到外部冲击时降低第二极耳插入主体部的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。步骤S14需要在步骤S13之后执行，第一极耳和第一端盖组件的连接过程会受到壳体的限制；本申请实施例的第一极耳具有较大的长度L 1，其能够伸出壳体并与第一端盖组件连接，从而降低第一极耳和第一端盖组件的连接难度，简化装配工艺。
在一些实施方式中，组装电极组件、第一端盖组件、第二端盖组件和壳体的步骤包括：步骤(S21)、将电极组件放入壳体，并使第一极耳和第二极耳分别经由壳体的两个开口伸出；步骤(S22)、连接第二极耳和第二端盖组件；步骤(S23)、连接第二端盖组件和壳体，以使第二端盖组件盖合壳体的一个开口；步骤(S24)、连接第一极耳和第一端盖组件；步骤(S25)、连接第一端盖组件和壳体，以使第一端盖组件盖合壳体的另一个开口。步骤(S21)至步骤(S25)依次执行。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的电极组件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；
图6为图5所示的电池单体在圆框A处的放大示意图；
图7为图5所示的电池单体在圆框B处的放大示意图；
图8为图3所示的隔离构件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图10和图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体在制造过程中的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中术语“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池 单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池一般可包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电极组件包括主体部和从主体部延伸出的第一极耳和第二极耳，主体部为电极组件的电生成部，其内部的活性物质用于与电解液等发生电化学反应，以产生充放电过程。第一极耳的极性和第二极耳极性相反，第一极耳和第二极耳用于与外部电连接，以实现电极组件的充放电。
电池单体还包括外壳，外壳用于容纳电极组件和电解液。在相关技术中，外壳包括壳体、第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件，壳体相对的两端均设有开口，第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件分别用于盖合壳体的两个开口。
第一极耳和第二极耳分别连接到第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件，第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件可用于将第一极耳和第二极耳连接到外电路，以实现电极组件的充放电。
电极组件的第一极耳和第二极耳通常采用等长度设计。为了便于实现第一极耳和第一端盖组件的连接以及第二极耳和第二端盖组件的连接，第一极耳和第二极耳通常都具有较大的长度；当第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件连接到壳体后，第一极耳和第二极耳可能会出现冗余。在电池单体受到外部冲击时，第一极耳冗余的部分和第二极耳冗余的部分可能会插入到主体部，从而引发正负极导通的风险，造成安全隐患。
发明人尝试同时减小第一极耳和第二极耳的长度，以减少第一极耳和第二极耳的冗余，降低极耳插入主体部的风险；但是，发明人发现，同时减小第一极耳和第二极耳的长度之后，将会增大第一极耳和第一端盖组件的连接难度以及第二极耳和第二端盖组件的连接难度，造成装配困难，影响电池单体的生产效率和良率。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，其对第一极耳的长度和第二极耳的长度进行差异化设计，以在满足装配要求的前提下，降低极耳插入主体部的风险，提高安全性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体6，电池单体6容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体6，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体6可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体6为多个，多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的电极组件的结构示意图。
如图3和图4所示，本申请实施例的电池单体6包括电极组件10、壳体20、第一端盖组件30以及第二端盖组件40。壳体20相对的两端均设有开口21。第一端盖组件30和第二端盖组件40分别用于盖合壳体20的两个开口21。电极组件10包括主体部11、第一极耳12和第二极耳13，第一极耳12从主体部11面向第一端盖组件30的第一端面111延伸出并用于连接第一端盖组件30，第二极耳13从主体部11面向第二端盖组件40的第二端面112延伸出并用于连接第二端盖组件40。第一极耳12凸出于第一端面111的长度为L 1，第二极耳13凸出于第二端面的长度112为L 2，L 2小于L 1。
壳体20为空心结构。壳体20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体；若电极组件10为圆柱结构，则可选用圆柱壳体。
壳体20的材质可以是多种，比如，壳体20的材质可以是金属或塑料。可选地，壳体20的材质可以是铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
第一端盖组件30和第二端盖组件40用于封闭壳体20的两个开口21，以与壳体20形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。
第一端盖组件30和第二端盖组件40还可用于将电极组件10与电池单体6外部的电路电连接，以实现电极组件10的充放电。具体地，第一端盖组件30可将第一极耳12电连接到外部电路，第二端盖组件40可将第二极耳13电连接到外部电路。
电极组件10包括正极极片和负极极片。示例性地，电极组件10通过离子在正极极片和负极极片中的嵌入/脱出时的氧化和还原反应来产生电能。
可选地，电极组件10还包括隔离膜，隔离膜用于将正极极片和负极极片绝缘隔离。
电极组件10可以是卷绕式电极组件、叠片式电极组件或其它类型的电极组件。示例性地，电极组件10为叠片式电极组件，其包括多个正极极片和多个负极极片，多个正极极片和多个负极极片交替堆叠。
示例性地，主体部11可以包括正极极片的涂覆有活性物质层的部分、负极极片的涂覆有活性物质层的部分和隔离膜。活性物质层中的活性物质用于与电解液等发生电化学反应，以产生充放电过程。
主体部11在相反的两端具有第一端面111和第二端面112，第一端面111面向第一端盖组件30，第二端面112面向第二端盖组件40。第一端面111是主体部11的靠近第一端盖组件30的端面，第一端面111可以是极片的靠近第一端盖组件30的边缘形成的面，也可以是隔离膜靠近第一端盖组件30的边缘形成的面。可选地，隔离膜靠近第一端盖组件30的边缘形成第一端面111。第二端面112是主体部11的靠近第二端盖组件40的端面，第二端面112可以是极片的靠近第二端盖组件40的边缘形成的面，也可以是隔离膜靠近第二端盖组件40的边缘形成面。示例性地，隔离膜靠近第二端盖组件40的边缘形成第二端面112。
示例性地，第一端面111和第二端面112均大体为平面。可选地，第一端面111和第二端面112大体平行设置。
第一极耳12的极性和第二极耳13的极性相反，换言之，第一极耳12和第二极 耳13中的一者为正极极耳，另一者为负极极耳。
第一极耳12从第一端面111延伸出。第一极耳12具有靠近第一端面111的第一根部和远离第一端面111的第一端部12a。示例性地，将第一极耳12整体展平后，在垂直于第一端面111的方向上，第一极耳12的第一端部12a与第一端面111之间的最大距离可为L 1。换言之，在断开第一极耳12与第一端盖组件30之间的连接后，在垂直于第一端面111的方向上，第一端部12a与第一端面111之间能够达到的最大距离可为L 1。
第二极耳13从第二端面112延伸出。第二极耳13具有靠近第二端面112的第二根部和远离第二端面112的第二端部13a。示例性地，将第二极耳13整体展平后，在垂直于第二端面112的方向上，第二极耳13的第二端部13a与第二端面112之间的最大距离可为L 2。换言之，在断开第二极耳13和第二端盖组件40之间的连接后，在垂直于第二端面112的方向上，第二端部13a与第二端面112之间能够达到的最大距离可为L 2。
在本申请实施例中，第二极耳13相对于第一极耳12具有较小的凸出长度，这样可以减小第二极耳13的冗余，在电池单体6受到外部冲击时降低第二极耳13插入主体部11的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。第一极耳12相对于第二极耳13具有较大的凸出长度，这样可以降低第一极耳12和第一端盖组件30的连接难度，简化装配工艺。本申请实施例对第一极耳12的长度和第二极耳13的长度进行差异化设计，以在满足装配要求的前提下，降低第二极耳13插入主体部11的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10被配置为在第二极耳13和第二端盖组件40连接之后再安装到壳体20内。第二极耳13和第二端盖组件40的连接过程不会受到壳体20的干涉，这样可以降低对第二极耳13的长度L 2的要求，减小第二极耳13的冗余，从而在电池单体6受到外部冲击时降低第二极耳13插入主体部11的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖组件30包括第一电极引出件31，第二端盖组件40包括第二电极引出件41。第一极耳12电连接于第一电极引出件31，第二极耳13电连接于第二电极引出件41。
第一电极引出件31可将第一极耳12电连接到外部电路，第二电极引出件41可将第二极耳13电连接到外部电路，从而实现电极组件10的充放电。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12焊接于第一电极引出件31。
在一些实施例中，第二极耳13焊接于第二电极引出件41。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖组件30还包括第一端盖32，第一端盖32用于盖合壳体20的一个开口21。
第一端盖32的形状可以与壳体20的形状相适应以配合壳体20。可选地，第一端盖32可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，第一端盖32在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体6能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。
在一些示例中，第一电极引出件31和第一端盖32可以是独立的部件，第一电 极引出件31可以安装于第一端盖32。在一些可替代的示例中，也可以将第一电极引出件31和第一端盖32一体成型。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖32焊接于壳体20。
在一些实施例中，第二端盖组件40还包括第二端盖42，第二端盖42用于盖合壳体20的一个开口21。
在一些示例中，第二电极引出件41和第二端盖42可以是独立的部件，第二电极引出件41可以安装于第二端盖42。在一些可替代的示例中，也可以将第二电极引出件41和第二端盖42一体成型。
在一些所述中，第二端盖42焊接于壳体20。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12包括多个第一极耳层121，多个第一极耳层121层叠设置。通过设置多个第一极耳层121，可以增大第一极耳12的过流能力，减少第一极耳12的产热，降低第一极耳12熔断的风险。
示例性地，第一极耳层121为金属箔材，其表面未涂覆活性物质层。可选地，第一极耳层可为铝箔、钢箔、镍箔或铜箔。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12设有第一熔接区12b。在第一熔接区12b，多个第一极耳层121连接。示例性地，可通过超声波焊接将多个第一极耳层121焊接以形成第一熔接区12b。通过设置第一熔接区12b，可以将多个第一极耳层121收拢并连接，进而降低多个第一极耳层121在后续的装配工序中错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一熔接区12b的至少部分用于与第一电极引出件31焊接。
在一些实施例中，多个第一极耳层121远离第一端面111的端部齐平。
在一些实施例中，第二极耳13包括多个第二极耳层131，多个第二极耳层131层叠设置。通过设置多个第二极耳层131，可以增大第二极耳13的过流能力，减少第二极耳13的产热，降低第二极耳13熔断的风险。
示例性地，第二极耳层131为金属箔材，其表面未涂覆活性物质层。可选地，第二极耳层可为铝箔、钢箔、镍箔或铜箔。
在一些实施例中，第二极耳13设有第二熔接区13b。在第二熔接区13b，多个第二极耳层131连接。示例性地，可通过超声波焊接将多个第二极耳层131焊接以形成第二熔接区13b。通过设置第二熔接区13b，可以将多个第二极耳层131收拢并连接，进而降低多个第二极耳层131在后续的装配工序中错位的风险。
在一些实施例中，多个第二极耳层131远离第二端面112的端部齐平。
在一些实施例中，第二熔接区13b的至少部分用于与第二电极引出件41焊接。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12的熔点低于第二极耳13的熔点。
相较于第二极耳13，第一极耳12的过电流路径更长，第一极耳12的产热更多，且第一极耳12的熔点更低，因此，当电池单体6发生短路时，第一极耳12更易熔断，以及时切断电路并降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12的材质包括铝，第二极耳13的材质包括铜。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12为正极极耳，第二极耳13为负极极耳。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；图6为图5所示的电 池单体在圆框A处的放大示意图；图7为图5所示的电池单体在圆框B处的放大示意图；图8为图3所示的隔离构件的结构示意图。
请一并参照图3至图8，在一些实施例中，电池单体6还包括隔离构件50，隔离构件50的至少部分位于第一端盖组件30和第一端面111之间。隔离构件50设有通道50a，第一极耳12穿过通道50a并与第一电极引出件31电连接。
隔离构件50可以整体位于第一端盖组件30和第一端面111之间，也可仅部分位于第一端盖组件30和第一端面111之间。
隔离构件50可以是一体式结构，也可以是分体式结构。示例性地，隔离构件50可由多个独立成型的零件连接而成。
通道50a可用于将隔离构件50与第一端面111之间的空间连通于隔离构件50与第一电极引出件31之间的空间，以使第一极耳12能够连接于第一电极引出件31。
第一极耳12容纳于通道50a的部分与通道50a可以是过盈配合、间隙配合或过渡配合。
隔离构件50可以将第一极耳12的穿过通道50a的至少部分与主体部11的第一端面111绝缘隔离，从而在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低第一极耳12插入主体部11的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。第二极耳13相对于第一极耳12具有较小的凸出长度，其不易插入主体部11，因此，本申请实施例无需在第二端盖组件40和第二端面112之间设置另一个隔离构件，这样可以节省空间，提高电池单体6的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12包括多个第一极耳层121，多个第一极耳层121在通道50a内的部分层叠设置。通道50a沿自身宽度方向的尺寸为W，多个第一极耳层121的总厚度为T 0，W和T 0满足：W＞T 0。
示例性地，各第一极耳层121的厚度为T 1，第一极耳层121的数量为M，M为大于1的正整数。T 0＝T 1×M。
通道50a的宽度方向大体平行于位于通道50a内的多个第一极耳层121的层叠方向。
如果W≤T 0，那么通道50a的壁会夹持多个第一极耳层121，当主体部11因电池单体6受到外部冲击而晃动时，第一极耳层121的位于通道50a内的部分难以通过变形来释放应力，这会造成第一极耳层121应力集中，引发第一极耳层121开裂的风险。本申请实施例使W＞T 0，以为通道50a内的第一极耳层121提供活动空间，减小应力集中，降低第一极耳层121开裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，W和T 0满足：0.5mm≤W-T 0≤4mm。
W-T 0的值越小，第一极耳层121在通道50a内的活动空间越小。如果W-T 0过小，那么当主体部11因电池单体6受到外部冲击而晃动时，第一极耳层121容易与通道50a的壁摩擦，引发第一极耳层121磨损的风险。鉴于此，发明人使W-T 0的值大于或等于0.5mm，以降低第一极耳层121摩擦磨损的风险，保证第一极耳12的过流能力。
如果W-T 0的值过大，那么通道50a的壁难以有效地束缚第一极耳层121，第一极耳层121容易过度变形，引发第一极耳层121倒插到主体部11的风险。鉴于此，发明人使W-T 0的值小于或等于4mm，以有效地束缚多个第一极耳层121。
综上所述，通过将W-T 0的值限定在0.5mm-4mm，使多个第一极耳层121在通道50a内处于未被夹紧的状态，这样既可以在一定程度上束缚多个第一极耳层121，减小第一极耳层121的变形，还能够减小第一极耳层121与通道50a的壁之间的摩擦力，降低第一极耳层121摩擦磨损的风险。
可选地，W-T 0的值为0.5mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm或4mm。
在一些实施例中，W和T 0满足：1mm≤W-T 0≤3mm。
在一些实施例中，在装配电池单体6的过程中，可先将第一极耳12从通道50a内穿过，再连接第一极耳12和第一电极引出件31。在可替代地实施例中，也可以先将第一极耳12和第一电极引出件31连接，再安装隔离构件50。
在一些实施例中，沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X，隔离构件50的最大尺寸为L 3。L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 1-L 2≥0.8·L 3。
第二极耳13可以直接与第二电极引出件41相连接，其相对于第一极耳12可具有较小的凸出长度。第一极耳12需要穿过通道50a后再与第一电极引出件31连接，在装配第一电极引出件31和第一极耳12时，第一电极引出件31与第一端面111之间的距离会受到隔离构件50的限制；本申请实施例使L 1-L 2≥0.8·L 3，以保证第一极耳12的伸出隔离构件50的尺寸，使第一电极引出件31与第一极耳12之间的连接面积满足要求。
在一些实施例中，L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 1-L 2≥L 3。
本申请实施例可以使第一极耳12伸出隔离构件50足够的尺寸，以减小第一电极引出件31与第一极耳12之间的连接面积和第二电极引出件41与第二极耳13之间的连接面积的差异，提高第一极耳12和第二极耳13过流的一致性。
在一些实施例中，L 3的值为3mm-20mm。可选地，L 3的值为8mm-12mm。
在一些实施例中，壳体20沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X的两端设有开口21。示例性地，第一端盖组件的厚度方向X垂直于第一端面111和第二端面112。示例性地，隔离构件50位于第一端面111沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X的一侧。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖组件30还包括第一端盖32和第一绝缘件33，第一端盖32连接于壳体20，第一绝缘件33设置于第一端盖32的面向主体部11的一侧，第一电极引出件31设于第一端盖32。在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上，隔离构件50的至少部分位于第一端面111和第一绝缘件33之间。
第一绝缘件33可以与隔离构件50固定连接，也可以与隔离构件50不固定。
第一绝缘件33可以用于将第一端盖32与电极组件10绝缘隔离，以降低短路风险。
第一绝缘件33和第一端面111可以从两侧对隔离构件50进行限位，以在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低隔离构件50晃动的幅度。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件33的材质为塑胶。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件33设置于第一端盖32的内表面。
在一些实施例中，在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上，隔离构件50的至少部分夹持于第一绝缘件33和主体部11的第一端面111之间。
第一绝缘件33和主体部11的第一端面111从两侧夹持隔离构件50的至少部分，以在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上限制隔离构件50的移动，进而在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低隔离构件50沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X晃动的幅度，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，隔离构件50背离第一端面111的一侧设有容纳凹部51，通道50a贯通容纳凹部51的底壁511，第一极耳12穿过通道50a的部分容纳于容纳凹部51。第一绝缘件33的至少部分容纳于容纳凹部51。
第一绝缘件33的容纳于容纳凹部51的部分可以对隔离构件50进行限位，从而限制隔离构件50在垂直于第一端盖组件的厚度方向X的方向上的移动。容纳凹部51的底壁511可以将第一极耳12的一部分与第一端面111隔开，以降低第一极耳12插入主体部11的风险。
在一些实施例中，容纳凹部51的侧壁512设有台阶面512a，第一绝缘件33容纳于容纳凹部51的部分抵压于台阶面512a。第一绝缘件33抵压于台阶面512a，以限制隔离构件50在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上的移动。
在一些实施例中，台阶面512a平行于第一端面111。
在一些实施例中，容纳凹部51的侧壁512设有与台阶面512a相邻的限位面512b，限位面512b环绕在第一绝缘件33的外侧并与第一绝缘件33贴合。
第一绝缘件33与第一端面111夹持隔离构件50，以实现隔离构件50在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上的固定；第一绝缘件33与隔离构件50的限位面512b贴合，以实现隔离构件50在垂直于第一端盖组件的厚度方向X的方向上的固定。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件33容纳于容纳凹部51的部分与隔离构件50卡接，进而实现隔离构件50的固定。在一些替代地实施例中，也可以将第一绝缘件33容纳于容纳凹部51的部分与隔离构件50熔接。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳12容纳于容纳凹部51的部分弯折设置于第一电极引出件31与容纳凹部51的底壁511之间。第一极耳12包括M个层叠设置的第一极耳层121，M为大于1的正整数，各第一极耳层121的厚度为T 1。沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X，第一电极引出件31与容纳凹部的底壁511之间的最小间距为h 1，h 1＞2M·T 1。
本申请实施例使h 1＞2M·T 1，以在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上为第一极耳12的弯折提供空间，减小弯折后的第一极耳12插入主体部11的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件33通过隔离构件50抵压第一端面111。
第一绝缘件33通过隔离构件50限制主体部11的移动，进而在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低主体部11沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X晃动的幅度，减少活性物质的脱落，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，隔离构件50包括第一隔离件52和连接于第一隔离件52的第二隔离件53，第一隔离件52和第二隔离件53之间形成通道50a。
第一隔离件52和第二隔离件53可以通过卡接、熔接、粘接或其它方式连接。
第一隔离件52和第二隔离件53可以对第一极耳12进行限位，以在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，减小第一极耳12的晃动和变形。第一隔离件52和第二隔离件53独 立成型并连接，可以使隔离构件50与电极组件10的装配方式更为灵活。
在一些示例中，可以先组装出隔离构件50，再将第一极耳12从隔离构件50的通道50a中穿过，然后再连接第一极耳12和第一电极引出件31。在另一些示例中，可以先连接第一极耳12和第一电极引出件31，然后再从第一极耳12的两侧安装第一隔离件52和第二隔离件53，以将组装出的隔离构件50安装在第一极耳12上。
示例性地，第一隔离件52设有卡接凸起521，第二隔离件53设有与卡接凸起521配合的卡接孔，卡接凸起521插入卡接孔，以使第一隔离件52与第二隔离件53卡接。
在另一些实施例中，隔离构件50为一体成型结构。将隔离构件50设置为一体成型，可以使隔离构件50具有较高的整体强度，并可省去隔离构件50的组装工艺。
在一些实施例中，第二端盖组件40还包括第二端盖42和第二绝缘件43，第二端盖42连接于壳体20，第二电极引出件41设于第二端盖42。第二绝缘件43设置于第二端盖42的面向主体部11的一侧，第二绝缘件43直接抵压第二端面112。
第二绝缘件43可以用于将第二端盖42与电极组件10绝缘隔离，以降低短路风险。第二绝缘件43可在第二端盖组件的厚度方向上限制主体部11的移动，进而在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低主体部11沿第二端盖组件的厚度方向上晃动的幅度，减少活性物质的脱落，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，第二端盖组件的厚度方向平行于第一端盖组件的厚度方向X。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘件43和隔离构件50可以从两侧对主体部11进行限位，以在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低主体部11晃动的幅度。
在一些实施例中，隔离构件50和第二绝缘件43从两侧夹持主体部11，以在第一端盖组件的厚度方向X上限制主体部11的移动，进而在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，降低主体部11沿第一端盖组件的厚度方向X晃动的幅度，减少活性物质的脱落，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘件43面向主体部11的一侧设有绝缘凸起431，绝缘凸起431抵压于第二端面112。
在一些实施例中，第二极耳13弯折设置于第二电极引出件41与第二端面112之间；第二极耳13包括N个层叠设置的第二极耳层131，N为大于1的正整数，各第二极耳层131的厚度为T 2。在第二端盖组件的厚度方向上，第二电极引出件41与第二端面112之间的最小间距为h，h＞2N·T 2。
本申请实施例使h＞2N·T 2，以在第二端盖组件的厚度方向上为第二极耳13的弯折提供空间，减小弯折后的第二极耳13插入主体部11的风险，提高安全性。
第二极耳13包括第一段132、第二段133和弯折段134，第一段132连接于第二端盖组件40，第二段133位于第一段132面向主体部11的一侧并连接于主体部11，弯折段134相对于第一段132弯折设置并用于连接第一段132和第二段133。
第一段132可平行于第二段133。可替代地，第一段132和第二段133之间也可形成大于0°的夹角。
第一段132的厚度T 3等于N·T 2。
在一些实施例中，第一段132大体平行于第二端面112。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括多个以上任一实施例的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一实施例的电池，电池用于为用电装置提供电能。用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池单体的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图3至图7，本申请提供了一种电池单体6，其包括电极组件10、壳体20、第一端盖组件30、第二端盖组件40以及隔离构件50。壳体20相对的两端均设有开口21。第一端盖组件30包括第一端盖32和设置于第一端盖32的第一电极引出件31，第二端盖组件40包括第二端盖42和设置于第二端盖42的第二电极引出件41，第一端盖32和第二端盖42分别用于盖合壳体20的两个开口21。
电极组件10包括主体部11、第一极耳12和第二极耳13，第一极耳12从主体部11面向第一端盖组件30的第一端面111延伸出并用于连接第一电极引出件31，第二极耳13从主体部11面向第二端盖组件40的第二端面112延伸出并用于连接第二电极引出件41。第一极耳12凸出于第一端面111的长度为L 1，第二极耳13凸出于第二端面112的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1。
隔离构件50的至少部分位于第一端盖组件30和第一端面111之间。隔离构件50设有通道50a，第一极耳12穿过通道50a并与第一电极引出件31电连接。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图。
如图9所示，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法包括：
步骤S100、提供电极组件，电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳分别从主体部的第一端面和第二端面延伸，第一极耳凸出于第一端面的长度为L 1，第二极耳凸出于第二端面的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1；
步骤S200、提供第一端盖组件；
步骤S300、提供第二端盖组件；
步骤S400、提供壳体，壳体相对的两端均设有开口；
步骤S500、组装电极组件、第一端盖组件、第二端盖组件和壳体，其中，第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件分别盖合壳体的两个开口，第一端面面向第一端盖组件，第二端面面向第二端盖组件，第一极耳连接第一端盖组件，第二极耳连接第二端盖组件。
需要说明的是，通过上述电池单体的制造方法制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
在基于上述的电池单体的制造方法组装电池单体时，不必按照上述步骤依次进行，也就是说，可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，也可以不同于实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，或者若干步骤同时执行。例如，步骤S200、S300、S400的执行不分先后，也可以同时进行。例如，步骤S200、S300和S400可以根据步骤S500的组装顺序执行。
图10和图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体在制造过程中的示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图10和图11所示，步骤S500包括：
步骤S11：连接第二极耳13和第二端盖组件40；
步骤S12：经由壳体20的一个开口21将电极组件10伸入壳体20，并使第一极耳12经由壳体20的另一个开口21伸出；
步骤S13：连接第二端盖组件40和壳体20，以使第二端盖组件40盖合一个开口21；
步骤S14：连接第一极耳12和第一端盖组件30；
步骤S15：连接第一端盖组件30和壳体20，以使第一端盖组件30盖合另一个开口21；
其中，步骤S11至步骤S15依次执行。
步骤S100、S200、S300和S400可以根据步骤S11至步骤S15的顺序执行。在一些示例中，电池单体的制造方法可依次执行步骤S100、S300、S11、S400、S12、S13、S200、S14和S15。在另一些示例中，电池单体的制造方法可依次执行步骤S100、S200、S300、S400、S11、S12、S13、S14和S15。在又一些示例中，电池单体的制造方法可依次执行步骤S100、S300、S400、S11、S12、S13、S200、S14和S15。当然，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法也可以按照其它的顺序执行。
在本申请实施例中，步骤S11在步骤S12之前执行，第二极耳13和第二端盖组件40的连接过程不会受到壳体20的干涉，这样可以降低对第二极耳13的长度L 2的要求，减小第二极耳13的冗余，从而在电池单体受到外部冲击时降低第二极耳13插入主体部11的风险，减少短路隐患，提高安全性。
步骤S14需要在步骤S13之后执行，第一极耳12和第一端盖组件30的连接过程会受到壳体20的限制；本申请实施例的第一极耳12具有较大的长度L 1，其能够伸出壳体20并与第一端盖组件30连接，从而降低第一极耳12和第一端盖组件30的连接难度，简化装配工艺。
在另一些实施例中，步骤S500包括：
步骤S21、将电极组件放入壳体，并使第一极耳和第二极耳分别经由壳体的两个开口伸出；
步骤S22、连接第二极耳和第二端盖组件；
步骤S23、连接第二端盖组件和壳体，以使第二端盖组件盖合壳体的一个开口；
步骤S24、连接第一极耳和第一端盖组件；
步骤S25、连接第一端盖组件和壳体，以使第一端盖组件盖合壳体的另一个开口；
其中，步骤S21至步骤S25依次执行。
在一些示例中，电池单体的制造方法可依次执行步骤S100、S400、S21、S300、S22、S23、S200、S24和S25。在另一些示例中，电池单体的制造方法可依次执行步骤S100、S200、S300、S400、S21、S22、S23、S24和S25。当然，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法也可以按照其它的顺序执行。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体相对的两端均设有开口；
    第一端盖组件和第二端盖组件，分别用于盖合所述壳体的两个所述开口；以及
    电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳从所述主体部面向所述第一端盖组件的第一端面延伸出并用于连接所述第一端盖组件，所述第二极耳从所述主体部面向所述第二端盖组件的第二端面延伸出并用于连接所述第二端盖组件；
    其中，所述第一极耳凸出于所述第一端面的长度为L 1，所述第二极耳凸出于所述第二端面的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端盖组件包括第一电极引出件，所述第二端盖组件包括第二电极引出件；
    所述第一极耳电连接于所述第一电极引出件，所述第二极耳电连接于所述第二电极引出件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，还包括隔离构件，所述隔离构件的至少部分位于所述第一端盖组件和所述第一端面之间；
    所述隔离构件设有通道，所述第一极耳穿过所述通道并与所述第一电极引出件电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳包括多个第一极耳层，所述多个第一极耳层在所述通道内的部分层叠设置；
    所述通道沿自身宽度方向的尺寸为W，所述多个第一极耳层的总厚度为T 0，W和T 0满足：0.5mm≤W-T 0≤4mm。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一端盖组件的厚度方向，所述隔离构件的最大尺寸为L 3；
    L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 1-L 2≥0.8·L 3。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 1-L 2≥L 3。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端盖组件还包括第一端盖和第一绝缘件，所述第一端盖连接于所述壳体，所述第一绝缘件设置于所述第一端盖的面向所述主体部的一侧，所述第一电极引出件设于所述第一端盖；
    在所述第一端盖组件的厚度方向上，所述隔离构件的至少部分位于所述第一端面和所述第一绝缘件之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述隔离构件背离所述第一端面的一侧设有容纳凹部，所述通道贯通所述容纳凹部的底壁，所述第一极耳穿过所述通道的部分容纳于所述容纳凹部；
    所述第一绝缘件的至少部分容纳于所述容纳凹部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳容纳于所述容纳凹部的部分弯折设置于所述第一电极引出件与所述容纳凹部的底壁之间；
    所述第一极耳包括M个层叠设置的第一极耳层，M为大于1的正整数，各所述第一极耳层的厚度为T 1；
    沿所述第一端盖组件的厚度方向，所述第一电极引出件与所述容纳凹部的底壁之间的最小间距为h 1，h 1＞2M·T 1。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘件通过所述隔离构件抵压所述第一端面，
  11. 根据权利要求3-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述隔离构件包括第一隔离件和连接于所述第一隔离件的第二隔离件，所述第一隔离件和所述第二隔离件之间形成所述通道。
  12. 根据权利要求2-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二端盖组件还包括第二端盖和第二绝缘件，所述第二端盖连接于所述壳体，所述第二电极引出件设于所述第二端盖；
    所述第二绝缘件设置于所述第二端盖的面向所述主体部的一侧，所述第二绝缘件直接抵压所述第二端面。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第二极耳弯折设置于所述第二电极引出件与所述第二端面之间；
    所述第二极耳包括N个层叠设置的第二极耳层，N为大于1的正整数，各所述第二极耳层的厚度为T 2；
    沿所述第二端盖组件的厚度方向，所述第二电极引出件与所述第二端面之间的最小间距为h，h＞2N·T 2。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳的熔点低于所述第二极耳的熔点。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳为正极极耳，第二极耳为负极极耳。
  16. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的电池单体。
  17. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求16所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  18. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别从所述主体部的第一端面和第二端面延伸，所述第一极耳凸出于所述第一端面的长度为L 1，所述第二极耳凸出于所述第二端面的长度为L 2，L 2小于L 1；
    提供第一端盖组件；
    提供第二端盖组件；
    提供壳体，所述壳体相对的两端均设有开口；
    组装所述电极组件、所述第一端盖组件、所述第二端盖组件和所述壳体，
    其中，所述第一端盖组件和所述第二端盖组件分别盖合所述壳体的两个所述开口，所述第一端面面向所述第一端盖组件，所述第二端面面向所述第二端盖组件，所述第一极耳连接所述第一端盖组件，所述第二极耳连接所述第二端盖组件。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的制造方法，其中，所述组装所述电极组件、所述第一 端盖组件、所述第二端盖组件和所述壳体的步骤包括：
    步骤(S11)：连接所述第二极耳和所述第二端盖组件；
    步骤(S12)：经由所述壳体的一个开口将所述电极组件伸入所述壳体，并使所述第一极耳经由所述壳体的另一个开口伸出；
    步骤(S13)：连接所述第二端盖组件和所述壳体，以使所述第二端盖组件盖合所述一个开口；
    步骤(S14)：连接所述第一极耳和所述第一端盖组件；
    步骤(S15)：连接所述第一端盖组件和所述壳体，以使所述第一端盖组件盖合所述另一个开口；
    其中，步骤(S11)至步骤(S15)依次执行。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的制造方法，其中，所述组装所述电极组件、所述第一端盖组件、所述第二端盖组件和所述壳体的步骤包括：
    步骤(S21)：将所述电极组件放入所述壳体，并使所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳分别经由所述壳体的两个开口伸出；
    步骤(S22)：连接所述第二极耳和所述第二端盖组件；
    步骤(S23)：连接所述第二端盖组件和所述壳体，以使所述第二端盖组件盖合所述壳体的一个开口；
    步骤(S24)：连接所述第一极耳和所述第一端盖组件；
    步骤(S25)：连接所述第一端盖组件和所述壳体，以使所述第一端盖组件盖合所述壳体的另一个开口；
    其中，步骤(S21)至步骤(S25)依次执行。
PCT/CN2022/107122 2022-07-21 2022-07-21 电池单体及其制造方法、电池以及用电装置 WO2024016272A1 (zh)

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