WO2024000366A1 - 电池单体、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024000366A1
WO2024000366A1 PCT/CN2022/102713 CN2022102713W WO2024000366A1 WO 2024000366 A1 WO2024000366 A1 WO 2024000366A1 CN 2022102713 W CN2022102713 W CN 2022102713W WO 2024000366 A1 WO2024000366 A1 WO 2024000366A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
battery cell
battery
replenishing device
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/102713
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈文伟
刘江
黄瑛
李全坤
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280067627.1A priority Critical patent/CN118044037A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/102713 priority patent/WO2024000366A1/zh
Priority to EP22948478.7A priority patent/EP4407740A1/en
Publication of WO2024000366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024000366A1/zh
Priority to US18/635,210 priority patent/US20240258585A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/591—Covers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and a power device, which can effectively improve the performance of the battery without increasing the internal space of the battery.
  • a battery cell including: an electrode assembly including a first end face and a second end face opposite each other, the first end face being provided with pole tabs; a lithium replenishing device connected to the second end face .
  • the battery cell includes a lithium replenishing device.
  • the lithium replenishing device can not only replenish the loss of active lithium during use of the battery including the battery cell, improve the service life of the battery, but also replenish The loss of active lithium during the first charge of the battery increases the energy density of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishment device is arranged to be connected to the second end face of the electrode assembly. On the one hand, it avoids the problem that the pole pieces close to the lithium replenishment device are easy to replenish lithium, and the pole pieces far away from the lithium replenishment device are not easy to replenish lithium.
  • the lithium replenishment device is to replenish lithium uniformly for each pole piece; on the other hand, the lithium replenishment device can be reused to serve as the bottom support plate in the traditional battery cell, so that there is no need to set up an additional bottom support plate, which not only reduces production costs, but also It also reduces the internal space of the battery cell; on the other hand, compared to other surfaces, active lithium can diffuse into the entire battery cell more easily through the second end surface, greatly improving the lithium replenishment effect of the lithium replenishment device. Further effectively improves battery performance.
  • the lithium replenishing device is connected to the second end surfaces of at least some of the electrode assemblies in the plurality of electrode assemblies.
  • the lithium replenishing device is connected to the second end surface of at least some of the electrode assemblies among the plurality of electrode assemblies. In this way, at the same time, the lithium replenishing device can replenish more active lithium to the battery cell, which advantageously improves the replenishment efficiency. Lithium supplementation effects of lithium devices.
  • the lithium replenishing device is further disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies among the plurality of electrode assemblies.
  • the lithium replenishing device is not only connected to the second end face of the electrode assembly, but is also arranged between two adjacent electrode assemblies. In this way, at the same time, the lithium replenishing device can replenish more battery cells. Active lithium advantageously improves the lithium replenishment effect of the lithium replenishment device, thereby effectively improving battery performance, such as energy density and service life. Furthermore, the battery cells using the lithium replenishing device have greater feasibility in the assembly process.
  • the surface of each of the plurality of electrode assemblies includes a planar portion, and the planar portions of the two adjacent electrode assemblies are opposite and connected; wherein, the lithium replenishment device is disposed on between the planar portions of the two adjacent electrode assemblies.
  • the electrode assembly includes a planar portion. Since the planes can better contact each other, the connection performance between the lithium replenishment device and the electrode assembly can be ensured. In addition, the flat part can better utilize the space of the battery cells, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the planar portion is the side surface with the largest area in each electrode assembly.
  • the flat part is the side surface with the largest area in the electrode assembly.
  • the area of the lithium replenishment device can also be designed to be larger. In this way, the lithium replenishment effect of the lithium replenishment device can be further improved.
  • the lithium replenishing device covers the planar portion.
  • the lithium replenishment device covers the flat part. At this time, the size of the lithium replenishment device can reach the maximum, which effectively improves the lithium replenishment effect of the lithium replenishment device and avoids the problem of faults and loss of lithium replenishment ability of the lithium replenishment device during the lithium replenishment process.
  • the method further includes: an end cover, disposed toward the first end face and parallel to the first end face; a lithium replenishing electrode terminal is provided on the end cover; the lithium replenishing electrode terminal is connected to the first end face; The lithium supplement device is connected.
  • the purpose of the lithium-replenishing device replenishing lithium for the battery can be achieved, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishing device includes a lithium replenishing agent, and the lithium replenishing agent is electrically connected to the lithium replenishing electrode terminal.
  • the main function of the lithium supplement agent is to lose electrons from metallic elemental lithium, thereby forming lithium ions.
  • the electrons reach the positive or negative electrode of the battery through the conductive component, and the positive active material or negative active material receives electrons and is reduced.
  • lithium ions can pass through the ion channel provided by the electrolyte, and an intercalation reaction occurs at the positive or negative electrode, thereby realizing the active lithium from
  • the purpose of transferring the lithium replenishing agent into the positive active material or negative active material effectively ensures the lithium replenishing effect.
  • the thickness of the lithium supplement is 0.001mm-4.9mm.
  • the lithium replenishing device further includes a conductive component, the conductive component being used to electrically connect the lithium replenishing agent and the lithium replenishing electrode terminal.
  • the lithium replenishing agent By setting up conductive components, it is not only easier to electrically connect the lithium replenishing agent and the lithium replenishing electrode terminals, which reduces the difficulty of the battery cell production process, but also establishes electronic channels for the lithium replenishing agent, positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material. , so that the lithium supplement device can fully play the role of supplementing active lithium.
  • the lithium replenishment device further includes a support member, and the support member is disposed at the innermost side of the lithium replenishment device.
  • the lithium replenishment device includes a support member disposed on the innermost side of the lithium replenishment device.
  • the support member can function as an internal support so that the battery cells During the assembly process, a Y-shaped lithium replenishing device can be formed relatively easily.
  • the support member can avoid interference between the two adjacent electrode assemblies, thereby increasing the feasibility of mass production.
  • the material of the support member is plastic.
  • the lithium replenishment device is provided with a lead-out end on one side toward the end cover, and the lead-out end is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal.
  • the lithium replenishment device is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal through the lead-out end, which realizes the connection between the lithium replenishment device and the lithium replenishment electrode terminal in a relatively simple manner, which is conducive to simplifying the battery manufacturing process.
  • the end cap is further provided with a negative electrode terminal, and the negative electrode terminal is connected to the electrode assembly; wherein, the lithium replenishing electrode terminal is configured to connect to the lithium replenishing device.
  • the battery cell is replenishing lithium, it is short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal.
  • the lithium replenishing electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are short-circuited, thereby avoiding the need to replenish lithium.
  • the lithium replenishment device does not replenish lithium to the battery cells, thus realizing the controllable lithium replenishment and on-demand lithium replenishment of the battery cells by the lithium replenishment device; on the other hand, because compared to the positive electrode, active lithium It is relatively easy to embed in the negative electrode. Therefore, the lithium replenishing electrode terminal is configured to be short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal, which can significantly improve the lithium replenishing efficiency of the lithium replenishing device.
  • the lithium replenishing device is connected to the entire part of the second end surface.
  • the lithium replenishing device is connected to the entire part of the second end face, that is, the contact area between the lithium replenishing device and the second end face reaches the maximum, so that at the same time, the lithium replenishing device can replenish more battery cells.
  • Active lithium advantageously improves the lithium supplementation effect of the lithium supplementation device.
  • a battery including: the battery cell in the above-mentioned first aspect or its respective implementations; and a box used to accommodate the battery cell.
  • an electrical device including: the battery in the second aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic side view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the battery cell shown in Figure 5 along A-A'.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 6 at position B.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 6 at position B.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 6 at position C.
  • Figures 9-12 are schematic diagrams of a battery cell assembly method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid, or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell may include an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be graphite, carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (polyethylene, PE).
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • SEI solid electrolyte interphase
  • the positive electrode lithium The irreversible consumption of ions usually exceeds 10%, resulting in a low first-cycle charge and discharge efficiency, which may be only 50%-77%, thus reducing the energy density of the battery.
  • the battery will continue to consume active lithium during normal use, resulting in a greatly reduced battery life.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and a lithium replenishing device.
  • the electrode assembly includes an opposite first end face and a second end face, and the first end face is provided with a tab;
  • the lithium device is connected to the second end surface.
  • the lithium replenishment device is to replenish lithium uniformly for each pole piece; on the other hand, the lithium replenishment device can be reused to serve as the bottom support plate in the traditional battery cell, so that there is no need to set up an additional bottom support plate, which not only reduces production costs, but also It also reduces the internal space of the battery cell; on the other hand, compared to other surfaces, active lithium can diffuse into the entire battery cell more easily through the second end surface, greatly improving the lithium replenishment effect of the lithium replenishment device. Further effectively improves battery performance.
  • Electrical devices may be, for example, vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells.
  • multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed.
  • Hybrid refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • Batteries may also be called battery packs.
  • multiple battery cells can be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
  • multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form a battery.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may also include a box (or cover), the inside of the box is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 10 are accommodated in the box.
  • the box body may include two parts, here respectively referred to as the first part 111 and the second part 112.
  • the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery cells 20 , and each of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may have an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be hollow rectangular parallelepipeds with only one open surface.
  • the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are interlocked with each other.
  • the box body may include a bottom plate 112a, a side plate 112b and a beam.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in mixed combination and then placed in a box formed by the first part 111 and the second part 112 being fastened together.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
  • the bus component can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus part may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the electrically conductive means may also belong to the bus part.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an electrode assembly 21 and a lithium replenishing device 22.
  • the electrode assembly 21 includes an opposite first end face 211 and a second end face 212.
  • the first end face 211 is provided with pole tabs.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a lithium replenishing device 22.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can not only supplement the loss of active lithium during use of the battery including the battery cell 20, but also improve the service life of the battery. It can also replenish the loss of active lithium during the first charging process of the battery and improve the energy density of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 is arranged to be connected to the second end surface 212 of the electrode assembly 21. On the one hand, it is avoided that the pole pieces close to the lithium replenishment device 22 are easily replenished with lithium and the pole pieces far away from the lithium replenishment device 22 are not easily replenished with lithium.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can be reused to serve as the bottom support plate in the traditional battery cell 20, so that there is no need to set up an additional bottom support
  • the plate not only reduces the production cost, but also reduces the internal space of the battery cell 20; on the other hand, compared to other surfaces, active lithium can diffuse into the entire battery cell 20 more easily through the second end surface 212.
  • the lithium replenishing effect of the lithium replenishing device 22 is greatly improved, and the performance of the battery is further effectively improved.
  • Each electrode assembly 21 has a first tab 212a and a second tab 212b.
  • the first tab 212a and the second tab 212b have opposite polarities. For example, when the first tab 212a is a positive tab, the second tab 212b is a negative tab.
  • the first tab 212a of the electrode assembly 21 is connected to one electrode terminal through a connecting member, and the second tab 212b of the electrode assembly 21 is connected to the other electrode terminal through another connecting member.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can be connected to the second end surface 212 through various connection methods. For example, it may be connected to the second end surface 212 by welding. For another example, the lithium replenishing device 22 may be connected to the second end face 212 through a connecting component, which may include but is not limited to conductive glue.
  • the electrode assembly 21 may be provided as a single one or multiple electrode assemblies 21 according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , two independent electrode assemblies 21 are provided in the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be connected to the second end surface 212 of at least some of the electrode assemblies 21 in the multiple electrode assemblies 21 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the lithium replenishing device 22 is connected to the second end surfaces 212 of the two electrode assemblies 21 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 is connected to the second end surface 212 of at least part of the electrode assemblies 21 of the plurality of electrode assemblies 21. In this way, at the same time, the lithium replenishing device 22 can replenish more active lithium to the battery cell 20, which advantageously increases the The lithium supplementation effect of the lithium supplementation device 22 is improved.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be connected to the entire part of the second end surface.
  • the two electrode assemblies 21 in FIG. 3 are respectively called the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.
  • the lithium replenishing device may be connected to the second end surface 212 of the first electrode assembly and the second end surface 212 of the second electrode assembly.
  • the lithium replenishing device is connected to the entire part of the second end face, that is, the contact area between the lithium replenishing device and the second end face reaches the maximum, so that at the same time, the lithium replenishing device can replenish more battery cells.
  • Active lithium advantageously improves the lithium supplementation effect of the lithium supplementation device.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be connected to a portion of the second end surface 212 of the first electrode assembly and to a portion of the second end surface 212 of the second electrode assembly.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may also be disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 among the plurality of electrode assemblies 21 as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 connected to the second end surface and the lithium replenishment device 22 disposed between the two electrode assemblies 21 may be vertically connected. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the lithium replenishing device 22 of the embodiment of the present application is Y-shaped.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 disposed between two electrode assemblies 21 may be disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 by welding.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 disposed between two electrode assemblies 21 can be disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 through conductive glue.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 is not only connected to the second end surface 212 of the electrode assembly 21, but is also disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21. In this way, at the same time, the lithium replenishing device 22 can replenish the battery cells.
  • the body 20 replenishes more active lithium, which advantageously improves the lithium replenishing effect of the lithium replenishing device 22, thereby effectively improving the performance of the battery, such as energy density and service life.
  • the battery cell 20 using the lithium replenishing device 22 has greater feasibility in the assembly process.
  • each electrode assembly 21 in the plurality of electrode assemblies 21 may include a planar portion 213 , and the planar portions 213 of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 are opposite and connected, wherein the planar portions 213 are disposed on two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 between two electrode assemblies 21 is disposed between the planar portions 213 of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 .
  • the battery cell 20 may be a prismatic battery cell.
  • blade battery cells The battery cells 20 are configured as blade-type battery cells, which can increase the energy density of the battery within the limited space of the battery.
  • the electrode assembly 21 includes the flat portion 213. Since the flat portions can better contact each other, the connection performance between the lithium replenishing device 22 and the electrode assembly 21 can be ensured. In addition, the planar portion 213 can better utilize the space of the battery cell 20 , thereby increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the planar portion 213 may be a side surface of the electrode assembly 21 .
  • the flat portion 213 may be the side surface with the smallest area in the electrode assembly 21 .
  • the planar portion 213 may be the side surface with the largest area in each electrode assembly 21 .
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 is disposed between the sides with the largest area of the two adjacent electrode assemblies 21. In this way, the area of the lithium replenishment device 22 can also be designed to be larger. In this way, the lithium replenishment efficiency of the lithium replenishment device 22 can be further improved. Effect.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be disposed between partial planar portions 213 of the two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can cover the planar portion 213 , that is, the lithium replenishing device 22 can cover the entire planar portion 213 .
  • the size of the lithium replenishment device 22 can reach the maximum.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 covers the flat part 213. At this time, the size of the lithium replenishment device 22 can reach the maximum, thereby effectively improving the lithium replenishment effect of the lithium replenishment device 22 and preventing the lithium replenishment device 22 from appearing during the lithium replenishment process. Fault and loss of lithium replenishment ability.
  • each electrode assembly 21 of the plurality of electrode assemblies 21 may include a curved portion.
  • the battery cell 20 may be a cylindrical battery cell.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be disposed between the curved portions of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 .
  • each electrode assembly 21 in the plurality of electrode assemblies 21 may include not only a flat portion 213 but also a curved portion, and the flat portion 213 and the curved portion are connected.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be in a sheet shape, that is, the lithium replenishing device 22 is a lithium replenishing tablet. That is to say, along the height direction of the electrode assembly 21, the size of the lithium replenishment device 22 connected to the second end surface 212 is relatively thin. Furthermore, along the width direction of the electrode assembly 21, the size of the lithium replenishing device 22 disposed between the two electrode assemblies 21 is also thin.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 since the lithium replenishing device 22 is connected to the second end face 212, the lithium replenishing device 22 is set as a lithium replenishing sheet, which has little impact on the overall thickness of the battery cell 20, so that the lithium replenishing device 22 does not occupy too much space.
  • the internal space of the battery cell 20 is conducive to ensuring the energy density of the battery including the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be in the shape of a block, that is, the lithium replenishing device 22 may be a lithium replenishing block.
  • the lithium replenishing block has a certain thickness. Generally, the thicker the lithium replenishing device 22, the better the lithium replenishing effect 22. That is, setting the lithium replenishing device 22 as a lithium replenishing block can ensure the lithium replenishing ability of the lithium replenishing device 22 and greatly improve the lithium replenishing effect. The lithium supplementation effect of the lithium supplementation device 22 is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 may further include an end cover 23 , which is disposed toward the first end surface 211 and connected with the first end surface 211 .
  • the end cover 23 is provided with a lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231, and the lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 is connected to the lithium replenishing device 22.
  • the end cap 23 may be made of metal, such as aluminum, steel, etc.
  • the shape of the end cap 23 can be circular; when the battery cell 20 is a square battery cell, the shape of the end cap 23 can be a polygon, as shown in Figure 3 rectangle.
  • the purpose of the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishing lithium for the battery can be achieved, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the battery cell 20 shown in Figure 5 along AA'.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the battery cell 20 shown in Figure 6 at B.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram of the battery cell 20 shown in Figure 6. An enlarged view of the battery cell 20 at position C.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may include a lithium replenishing agent 223 , and the lithium replenishing agent 223 is electrically connected to the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 .
  • the lithium replenishing agent 223 can be lithium powder, lithium ingot, lithium tablet, lithium alloy, etc. It should be understood that the capacity of the lithium replenishing agent 223 to provide active lithium is approximately 0.1%-99% of the negative electrode graphite.
  • the main function of lithium supplement 223 is to lose electrons from metallic elemental lithium, thereby forming lithium ions.
  • the electrons reach the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery through the conductive component 221, and the positive active material or negative active material receives electrons and is reduced.
  • lithium ions can pass through the ion channel provided by the electrolyte, and an intercalation reaction occurs at the positive or negative electrode, thereby realizing active lithium.
  • the purpose of transferring the lithium replenishing agent 223 to the positive active material or the negative active material effectively ensures the lithium replenishing effect.
  • the thickness of the lithium supplement 223 may be 0.001mm-4.9mm.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 connected to the second end face 212 may include a lithium replenishing agent 223 , while the lithium replenishing device 22 disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 does not include a lithium replenishing agent 223 .
  • the lithium replenishing device connected to the second end face 212 may include a lithium replenishing agent 223, and the lithium replenishing device 22 disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 may also include a lithium replenishing agent 223. That is, the entire lithium supplementation device 22 may include the lithium supplementation agent 223 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may also include a conductive component 221 .
  • the conductive component 221 may be made of metal, such as one or more of copper, aluminum, nickel, iron and their alloys.
  • the shape of the conductive component 221 can be metal foil, metal mesh, loop shape, printed circuit shape, etc.
  • the lithium replenishing agent 223 may be provided outside the conductive component 221 .
  • the lithium replenishing agent 223 and the conductive component 221 can be compounded by electroplating, mechanical rolling, or other methods.
  • the conductive component 221 By arranging the conductive component 221, not only can the lithium replenishing agent 223 and the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 be electrically connected relatively easily, thereby reducing the difficulty of the production process of the battery cell 20, but also the lithium replenishing agent 223, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material can be electrically connected.
  • the substance establishes an electron channel, so that the lithium supplement device 22 can fully play the role of supplementing active lithium.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 may further include a support member 222 , which is disposed at the innermost side of the lithium replenishment device 22 .
  • the support member 222 has a certain hardness.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 includes a support member 222, so that when the lithium replenishment device 22 is disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21, the support member 222 can function as an internal support, so that the battery cells 20 can be assembled during the assembly process. , a Y-shaped lithium replenishment device can be formed relatively easily.
  • the support 222 can avoid interference between the two adjacent electrode assemblies 21, thereby increasing the efficiency of mass production. feasibility.
  • the material of the support member 222 may be plastic.
  • plastic such as PP, PE, polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) and other polymer insulation materials.
  • plastic Since plastic has strong plasticity, using plastic to form the support member 222 makes the process of producing the battery cells 20 relatively easy, effectively reducing the manufacturing difficulty.
  • the material of the support member 222 can also be other materials besides plastic, as long as it has a supporting function.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 is provided with a lead-out end 224 on one side facing the end cover 23 , and the lead-out end 224 is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal 231 .
  • a lead-out end 224 may be provided on the end surface of the conductive component 221 in the lithium replenishment device 22 .
  • a lead-out end 224 may be provided on the end surface of the support member 222 in the lithium replenishment device 22 .
  • the lithium replenishing agent 222 in the lithium replenishing device 22 may be provided with a lead-out end 224 .
  • the end cap 23 is also provided with a positive electrode terminal 232a and a negative electrode terminal 232b, which are connected to the electrode assembly 21.
  • the positive electrode terminal 232a is connected to the first tab 212a (positive electrode tab) of the electrode assembly 21 through a connecting member 24a
  • the negative electrode terminal 232b is connected to the second tab 212b (negative electrode tab) of the electrode assembly 21 through another connecting member 24b. pole lug) connection.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 may still replenish the battery cell 20 with lithium, thus causing a waste of resources. In order to avoid this situation, this In the application embodiment, when lithium replenishment is required, the lithium replenishment device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 may be configured to be short-circuited with the positive electrode terminal 232a or the negative electrode terminal 232b when the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 can be short-circuited with the positive electrode terminal 232a; if the active lithium of the negative electrode is insufficient, the lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 can be short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal 232b.
  • the lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 can be configured to be short-circuited with the fixed electrode terminal. For example, it is short-circuited to the negative electrode terminal 232b.
  • the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 is configured to be short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal 232b, which can significantly improve the lithium replenishing efficiency of the lithium replenishing device 22.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cell 20, that is, when the battery cell 20 needs to replenish lithium, the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 and the negative electrode terminal 232b are short-circuited, thereby avoiding the need for replenishing lithium.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cells 20, which causes a waste of resources.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cells 20 in a controllable and on-demand manner.
  • the lithium-complementing electrode terminal 231 may be disposed on a side of the end cap 23 close to the negative electrode terminal 232b. In this way, the connection between the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 and the negative electrode terminal 232b can be minimized, which is not only simple to implement, but also reduces production costs.
  • the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 may be disposed at the middle position of the end cap 23 . This can avoid the problem of direct contact between the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 and the tab on the end cap 23 .
  • the embodiment of the present application can implement the lithium replenishment device 22 to replenish lithium of the battery cell 20 through an external control circuit.
  • the end cap 23 may also include a sealing ring for forming a seal between the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 and the end cap 23 .
  • the sealing ring may be annular.
  • the end cover 23 may also include a riveting block and an upper plastic.
  • the riveting block is used to fix the lithium supplement electrode terminal 231 protruding from the end cover 23
  • the lower plastic is used to isolate the end cover 23 from the riveting block.
  • the end cover 23 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 233 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 233 is used to be activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • This threshold design varies based on design requirements. The threshold value may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece, the electrolyte, and the separator in the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 233 may take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and may specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive component or structure.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 233 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 233 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released.
  • the “activation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism 233 acts or is activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 20 can be released.
  • the actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 233 may include, but are not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 233 is broken, broken, torn or opened, and so on.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 233 is actuated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cell 20 will be discharged outward from the actuated part as emissions. In this way, the battery cell 20 can be depressurized under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potentially more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cells 20 mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the isolation film, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by reactions, flames, etc. .
  • the battery cell is the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 in the battery cell 20 includes a conductive component 221, an injection molded part 222 and a lithium replenishing agent 223.
  • the raw material of the injection molded part 222 may be a T-shaped injection molded or die-cut part.
  • the injection molded part 222 is provided with a notch 224, and the position of the notch 4224 is the position where the injection molded part 222 is bent during the subsequent assembly process. By providing the notch 224, the bending operation of the injection molded part 222 is facilitated during the subsequent assembly process.
  • the injection molded part 222 is bent into a straight shape, and the conductive components 221 are compounded on both sides of the injection molded part 222, and the lithium replenishing agent 223 is compounded on the conductive components 221.
  • the lithium replenishing agent 223 can be compounded on the entire surface of the conductive component 221 , or, as shown in FIG. 9 , the lithium replenishing agent 223 can be compounded on the surface of the conductive component 221 corresponding to the portion from the bottom of the injection molded part 222 to the notch.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 is assembled with the electrode assembly 21 and the end cover 23 , and the lead end 224 of the conductive component 221 is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal 231 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 is connected to the second end surface 212 of the electrode assembly 21 and is disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 .
  • a tab-folding process is performed, that is, two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 are brought together.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 connected to the second end surface 212 is flattened. Then, follow-up assembly processes are performed, such as assembling the bare cell insulating sheet, placing the assembled device into the casing, etc., to obtain the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery, which may include the battery cells 20 in the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the battery may also include other structures such as a box body and bus components, which will not be described in detail here.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device may include the battery in the previous embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the electrical device may be the vehicle 1, ship or spacecraft in Figure 1.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够在不增加电池内部空间的基础上有效提高电池的性能。该电池单体(20)包括：电极组件(21)，包括相对的第一端面(211)和第二端面(212)，所述第一端面(211)上设置有极耳(212a，212b)；补锂装置(22)，与所述第二端面(212)连接。

Description

电池单体、电池和用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，电池的性能是一个不可忽视的问题。电池的性能不仅影响电池电池相关产品的发展和应用，而且还影响消费者对电动车辆的接受度。因此，如何提高电池的性能，是一项亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够在不增加电池内部空间的基础上有效提高电池的性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件，包括相对的第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面上设置有极耳；补锂装置，与所述第二端面连接。
本申请实施例，电池单体包括补锂装置，如此，补锂装置不仅可以补充包括有该电池单体的电池在使用过程中的活性锂的损耗，提高了电池的使用寿命，并且还能补充电池在首次充电过程中的活性锂的损失，提高了电池的能量密度。进一步地，将补锂装置设置为与电极组件的第二端面连接，一方面，避免了靠近补锂装置的极片容易补锂，远离补锂装置的极片不容易补锂的问题，实现了补锂装置对各个极片补锂均匀的目的；另一方面，可以复用补锂装置来充当传统电池单体中的底托板，使得不必再额外设置底托板，不仅降低了生产成本，而且还减小了电池单体的内部空间；再一方面，相对于其他面，通过第二端面活性锂能够比较容易地扩散至整个电池单体内，极大地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果，进一步有效提高了电池的性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述电极组件的数量为多个，所述补锂装置与多个所述电极组件中至少部分电极组件的所述第二端面连接。
上述技术方案，补锂装置与多个电极组件中至少部分电极组件的第二端面连接，这样，在相同的时间，补锂装置可以对电池单体补充更多的活性锂，有利地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置还设置于多个所述电极组件中相邻的两个电极组件之间。
上述技术方案，补锂装置不仅与电极组件的第二端面连接，而且还设置于相邻 的两个电极组件之间，这样，在相同的时间，补锂装置可以对电池单体补充更多的活性锂，有利地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果，进而能够有效提高电池的性能，如能量密度和使用寿命。进一步地，使用该补锂装置的电池单体，在装配过程中具有更强的可行性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，多个所述电极组件中每个电极组件的表面包括平面部，所述相邻的两个电极组件的平面部相对且连接；其中，所述补锂装置设置于所述相邻的两个电极组件的平面部之间。
上述技术方案，电极组件包括平面部，由于平面之间能更好地进行接触，因此能够保证补锂装置与电极组件之间的连接性能。此外，平面部还能将电池单体的空间更好地利用起来，从而提高了电池的能量密度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述平面部为所述每个电极组件中面积最大的侧面。
上述技术方案，平面部为电极组件中面积最大的侧面，这样，补锂装置的面积也可以设计的较大，如此，能够进一步提高补锂装置的补锂效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置覆盖所述平面部。
补锂装置覆盖平面部，此时补锂装置的尺寸能够达到最大，有效提高了补锂装置的补锂效果，避免了补锂装置在补锂过程中出现断层，失去补锂能力的问题。
在一些可能的实现方式中，还包括：端盖，朝向所述第一端面设置且与所述第一端面平行，所述端盖上设置有补锂电极端子，所述补锂电极端子与所述补锂装置连接。
上述技术方案，通过在端盖上设置与补锂装置连接的补锂电极端子，能够实现补锂装置对电池进行补锂的目的，进而能够提高电池的性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置包括补锂剂，所述补锂剂与所述补锂电极端子电连接。
上述技术方案，补锂剂的主要作用是金属单质锂失去电子，从而形成锂离子。电子通过导电组件到达电池的正极或者负极，正极活性物质或负极活性物质得到电子而被还原，同时锂离子可以通过电解液提供的离子通道，在正极或负极处发生嵌入反应，从而实现活性锂从补锂剂转移到正极活性物质或负极活性物质中的目的，有效保证了补锂效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂剂的厚度为0.001mm-4.9mm。
通过大量实验证明，将补锂剂的厚度设置为0.001mm-4.9mm，能够比较容易地将补锂剂涂覆在补锂装置的最外侧，进而有效降低了工艺难度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置还包括导电组件，所述导电组件用于电连接所述补锂剂和所述补锂电极端子。
通过设置导电组件，不仅能够比较容易地将补锂剂和补锂电极端子进行电连接，降低了电池单体生产过程的难度，而且可以为补锂剂、正极活性物质和负极活性物质建立电子通道，从而使补锂装置充分发挥补充活性锂的作用。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置还包括支撑件，所述支撑件设置在补锂装置的最内侧。
补锂装置包括设置在补锂装置最内侧的支撑件，这样在补锂装置设置于相邻的两个电极组件之间的情况下时，支撑件件可以起内部支撑的作用，使得电池单体在装配过程中，能够比较容易地形成Y字形的补锂装置。此外，在电池单体的装配过程中，在将相邻的两个电极组件合在一起时，支撑件可以避免相邻的两个电极组件之间发生干涉，从而增加量产的可行性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述支撑件的材料为塑胶。
由于塑胶的可塑性较强，因此利用塑胶形成支撑件，使得生产电池单体的过程相对来说比较容易，有效降低了制造难度。在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置朝向所述端盖的一侧设置有引出端，所述引出端和所述补锂电极端子连接。
上述技术方案，补锂装置通过引出端与补锂电极端子连接，以较简单的方式实现了补锂装置与补锂电极端子的连接，有利于简化电池的制造工艺。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述端盖上还设置有负电极端子，所述负电极端子与所述电极组件连接；其中，所述补锂电极端子被配置为在所述补锂装置对所述电池单体进行补锂时，与所述负电极端子短接。
上述技术方案，一方面，在补锂装置对电池单体进行补锂时，即在电池单体需要补锂时，补锂电极端子与负电极端子进行短接，避免了在不需要补锂的情况下但补锂装置对电池单体进行补锂的问题，从而实现了补锂装置对电池单体的可控补锂、按需补锂；另一方面，由于相对于正极来说，活性锂在负极相对比较容易嵌入。因此，补锂电极端子被配置为与负电极端子短接，能够显著提升补锂装置的补锂效率。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置与所述第二端面的整个部分连接。
上述技术方案，补锂装置与述第二端面的整个部分连接，即补锂装置与第二端面的接触面积达到了最大，使得在相同的时间，补锂装置可以对电池单体补充更多的活性锂，有利地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果。
第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：上述第一方面或其各实现方式中的电池单体；箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。
第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：第二方面中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一种实施例的车辆的示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施例的电池的结构示意图。
图3是本申请一种实施例的电池单体的分解示意图。
图4是本申请另一种实施例的电池单体的分解示意图。
图5是本申请一种实施例的电池单体的示意性侧视图。
图6是图5所示的电池单体沿A-A’的部分剖面结构示意图。
图7是图6所示的电池单体在B处的放大图。
图8是图6所示的电池单体在C处的放大图。
图9-图12是本申请一种实施例的电池单体装配的方法的示意性图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体可以包括锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁 平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体可以包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为石墨、碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)或聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命等性能参数。
电池，例如锂离子电池，目前存在的普遍问题是在首次充电过程中会消耗大量从正极脱出的锂离子以形成负极表面的固体电解质界面(solid electrolyte interphase，SEI)膜，首次充电过程中正极锂离子的不可逆消耗通常会超过10％，致使首周期充放电效率较低，可能只有50％-77％，从而会降低电池的能量密度。另一方面，电池在正常使用过程中也会持续消耗活性锂，导致电池的使用寿命大大减少。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，该电池单体包括电极组件和补锂装置，电极组件包括相对的第一端面和第二端面，第一端面上设置有极耳；补锂装置与第二端面连接。通过在电池单体中设置补锂装置，不仅可以补充包括有该电池单体的电池在使用过程中的活性锂的损耗，提高了电池的使用寿命，并且还能补充电池在首次充电过程中的活性锂的损失，提高了电池的能量密度，从而有效提高了电池的性能。进一步地，将补锂装置设置为与电极组件的第二端面连接，一方面，避免了靠近补锂装置的极片容易补锂，远离补锂装置的极片不容易补锂的问题，实现了补锂装置对各个极片补锂均匀的目的；另一方面，可以复用补锂装置来充当传统电池单体中的底托板，使得不必再额外设置底托板，不仅降低了生产成本，而且还减小了电池单体的内部空间；再一方面，相对于其他面，通过第二端面活性锂能够比较容易地扩散至整个电池单体内，极大地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果，进一步有效提高了电池的性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备例如可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体。其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体(或称罩体)，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池单体10容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。其中，箱体可以包括底板112a、侧板112b和梁。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于 汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。
如图3所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图。该电池单体20包括电极组件21和补锂装置22，其中，电极组件21包括相对的第一端面211和第二端面212，第一端面211上设置有极耳，补锂装置22与第二端面212连接。
本申请实施例，电池单体20包括补锂装置22，如此，补锂装置22不仅可以补充包括有该电池单体20的电池在使用过程中的活性锂的损耗，提高了电池的使用寿命，并且还能补充电池在首次充电过程中的活性锂的损失，提高了电池的能量密度。进一步地，将补锂装置22设置为与电极组件21的第二端面212连接，一方面，避免了靠近补锂装置22的极片容易补锂，远离补锂装置22的极片不容易补锂的问题，实现了补锂装置22对各个极片补锂均匀的目的；另一方面，可以复用补锂装置22来充当传统电池单体20中的底托板，使得不必再额外设置底托板，不仅降低了生产成本，而且还减小了电池单体20的内部空间；再一方面，相对于其他面，通过第二端面212活性锂能够比较容易地扩散至整个电池单体20内，极大地提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果，进一步有效提高了电池的性能。
每个电极组件21具有第一极耳212a和第二极耳212b，第一极耳212a和第二极耳212b的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳212a为正极极耳时，第二极耳212b为负极极耳。电极组件21的第一极耳212a通过一个连接构件与一个电极端子连接，电极组件21的第二极耳212b通过另一个连接构件与另一个电极端子连接。
补锂装置22可以通过各种连接方式与第二端面212连接。例如，可以通过焊接的方式与第二端面212连接。再例如，补锂装置22可以通过连接组件与第二端面212连接，该连接组件可以包括但不限于导电胶。
在电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件21可设置为单个，或多个。如图3所示，电池单体20内设置有2个独立的电极组件21。
在电极组件21的数量为多个的情况下，补锂装置22可以与多个电极组件21中至少部分电极组件21的第二端面212连接。如图3所示，补锂装置22与两个电极组件21的第二端面212连接。
补锂装置22与多个电极组件21中至少部分电极组件21的第二端面212连接，这样，在相同的时间，补锂装置22可以对电池单体20补充更多的活性锂，有利地提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果。
可选地，补锂装置22可以与第二端面的整个部分连接。
以图3为例进行说明，为了描述方便，将图3中的两个电极组件21分别称为第一电极组件和第二电极组件。如图3所示，补锂装置可以与第一电极组件的第二端面212以及与第二电极组件的第二端面212连接。
上述技术方案，补锂装置与述第二端面的整个部分连接，即补锂装置与第二端面的接触面积达到了最大，使得在相同的时间，补锂装置可以对电池单体补充更多的活性锂，有利地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果。
或者，补锂装置22可以与第一电极组件的部分第二端面212连接并且与第二电极组件的部分第二端面212连接。
补锂装置22除了与第二端面212连接之外，如图4所示，补锂装置22还可以设置于多个电极组件21中相邻的两个电极组件21之间。
其中，与第二端面连接的补锂装置22和设置于两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22之间可以是垂直连接的。从图4中可以看出，本申请实施例的补锂装置22呈Y字形。
可选地，设置于两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22可以通过焊接的方式设置于相邻的两个电极组件21之间。或者，设置于两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22可以通过导电胶设置于相邻的两个电极组件21之间。
该技术方案，补锂装置22不仅与电极组件21的第二端面212连接，而且还设置于相邻的两个电极组件21之间，这样，在相同的时间，补锂装置22可以对电池单体20补充更多的活性锂，有利地提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果，进而能够有效提高电池的性能，如能量密度和使用寿命。进一步地，使用该补锂装置22的电池单体20，在装配过程中具有更强的可行性。
作为一种示例，再次参考图4，多个电极组件21中每个电极组件21的表面可以包括平面部213，相邻的两个电极组件21的平面部213相对且连接，其中，设置于两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22设置于相邻的两个电极组件21的平面部213之间。
在这种情况下，电池单体20可以为方形电池单体。例如，刀片式电池单体。将电池单体20设置为刀片式电池单体，在电池有限的空间内，能够提高电池的能量密度。
上述技术方案，电极组件21包括平面部213，由于平面之间能更好地进行接触，因此能够保证补锂装置22与电极组件21之间的连接性能。此外，平面部213还能将电池单体20的空间更好地利用起来，从而提高了电池的能量密度。
该平面部213可以为电极组件21的侧面。例如，平面部213可以为电极组件21中面积最小的侧面。
或者，如图4所示，平面部213可以为每个电极组件21中面积最大的侧面。将补锂装置22设置于相邻的两个电极组件21中面积最大的侧面之间，这样，补锂装置22的面积也可以设计的较大，如此，能够进一步提高补锂装置22的补锂效果。
在补锂装置22设置于相邻的两个电极组件21的平面部213之间的情况下，补锂装置22可以设置于相邻的两个电极组件21的部分平面部213之间。
或者，再次参考图4，补锂装置22可以覆盖平面部213，即补锂装置22可以覆盖整个平面部213。此时补锂装置22的尺寸可达到最大。该技术方案，补锂装置22覆盖平面部213，此时补锂装置22的尺寸能够达到最大，从而有效提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果，避免了补锂装置22在补锂过程中出现断层，失去补锂能力的问题。
在另一种实施例中，多个电极组件21中每个电极组件21的表面可以包括曲面部。在这种情况下，该电池单体20可以为圆柱形电池单体。补锂装置22可以设置于相邻的两个电极组件21的曲面部之间。
或者，如图4所示，多个电极组件21中每个电极组件21的表面不仅可以包括平面部213，也可以包括曲面部，平面部213和曲面部相连。
可选地，补锂装置22的形状可以为片状，即补锂装置22为补锂片。也就是说，沿电极组件21的高度方向，与第二端面212连接的补锂装置22的尺寸较薄。进一步地，沿电极组件21的宽度方向，设置于两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22的尺寸也较薄。
该技术方案，由于补锂装置22与第二端面212连接，将补锂装置22设置为补锂片，对电池单体20的整体厚度影响较小，使得补锂装置22不会占用太多的电池单体20的内部空间，有利于保证包括该电池单体20的电池的能量密度。
或者，补锂装置22的形状可以为块状，即补锂装置22可以为补锂块。补锂块具有一定的厚度，通常情况下，补锂装置22越厚，则补锂效果22越好，即将补锂装置22设置为补锂块，能够保证补锂装置22的补锂能力，极大地提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果。
图5为电池单体20的示意性侧视图，参考图3、图4和图5，电池单体20还可以包括端盖23，该端盖23朝向第一端面211设置且与第一端面211平行，端盖23上设置有补锂电极端子231，补锂电极端子231与补锂装置22连接。
可选地，端盖23的材质可以为金属材质，例如铝材、钢材等。
当电池单体20为圆柱形电池单体时，端盖23的形状可以为圆形；当电池单体20为方形电池单体时，端盖23的形状可以为多边形，如图3所示的矩形。
上述技术方案，通过在端盖23上设置与补锂装置22连接的补锂电极端子231，能够实现补锂装置22对电池进行补锂的目的，进而能够提高电池的性能。
图6为图5所示的电池单体20沿A-A’的部分剖面结构示意图，图7为图6所示的电池单体20在B处的放大图，图8为图6所示的电池单体20在C处的放大图。
如图7和图8所示，补锂装置22可以包括补锂剂223，补锂剂223与补锂电极端子231电连接。
补锂剂223可以为锂粉、锂锭、锂片、锂合金等。应理解，补锂剂223提供活性锂的容量大概为负极石墨的0.1％-99％。
补锂剂223的主要作用是金属单质锂失去电子，从而形成锂离子。电子通过导电组件221到达电池的正极或者负极，正极活性物质或负极活性物质得到电子而被还原，同时锂离子可以通过电解液提供的离子通道，在正极或负极处发生嵌入反应，从而实现活性锂从补锂剂223转移到正极活性物质或负极活性物质中的目的，有效保证了补锂效果。
可选地，补锂剂223的厚度可以为0.001mm-4.9mm。通过大量实验证明，将补锂剂223的厚度设置为0.001mm-4.9mm，能够比较容易地将补锂剂223涂覆在补锂装置22的最外侧，进而有效降低了工艺难度。
可选地，如图8所示，与第二端面212连接的补锂装置22可以包括补锂剂223，而设置于相邻的两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22不包括补锂剂223。
可选地，与第二端面212连接的补锂装置可以包括补锂剂223，并且设置于相 邻的两个电极组件21之间的补锂装置22也可以包括补锂剂223。即整个补锂装置22都可包括补锂剂223。
补锂剂223与补锂电极端子231之间可能会存在不容易电连接的问题。因此，如图7和图8，在本申请实施例中，补锂装置22还可以包括导电组件221。
可选地，导电组件221的材质可以为金属，如铜、铝、镍、铁及其合金中的一种或几种。导电组件221的形状可以采用金属箔、金属网、回环形及印刷电路等形状。
可选地，补锂剂223可以设置在导电组件221的外侧。例如，可以通过电镀、机械辊压等方式将补锂剂223与导电组件221进行复合。
通过设置导电组件221，不仅能够比较容易地将补锂剂223和补锂电极端子231进行电连接，降低了电池单体20生产过程的难度，而且为补锂剂223、正极活性物质和负极活性物质建立了电子通道，从而使补锂装置22充分发挥补充活性锂的作用。
进一步地，再次参考图7和图8，补锂装置22还可以包括支撑件222，该支撑件222设置在补锂装置22的最内侧。
其中，支撑件222具有一定硬度。
补锂装置22包括支撑件222，这样在补锂装置22设置于相邻的两个电极组件21之间的情况下时，支撑件222可以起内部支撑的作用，使得电池单体20在装配过程中，能够比较容易地形成Y字形的补锂装置。此外，在电池单体20的装配过程中，在将相邻的两个电极组件21合在一起时，支撑件222可以避免相邻的两个电极组件21之间发生干涉，从而增加量产的可行性。
可选地，支撑件222的材料可以为塑胶。如PP、PE、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene glycol terephthalate，PET)等高分子绝缘材料。
由于塑胶的可塑性较强，因此，利用塑胶形成支撑件222，使得生产电池单体20的过程相对来说比较容易，有效降低了制造难度。
当然，支撑件222的材料也可以除塑胶之外的其他材料，只要具有支撑作用即可。
在一些实施例中，补锂装置22朝向端盖23的一侧设置有引出端224，该引出端224和补锂电极端子231连接。
可选地，补锂装置22中的导电组件221的端面上可以设置有引出端224。
可选地，补锂装置22中的支撑件222的端面上可以设置有引出端224。
可选地，补锂装置22中的补锂剂222上可以设置有引出端224。
除了补锂电极端子231之外，如图3-图5所示，端盖23上还设置有正电极端子232a和负电极端子232b，正电极端子232a和负电极端子232b与电极组件21连接。
例如，正电极端子232a通过一个连接构件24a与电极组件21的第一极耳212a(正极极耳)连接，负电极端子232b通过另一个连接构件24b与电极组件21的第二极耳212b(负极极耳)连接。
考虑到在电池单体20的活性锂充足不需要补锂的情况下，可能会出现补锂装置22仍然对电池单体20进行补锂，从而造成资源浪费的情况，为了避免这种情况，本申请实施例中，在需要补锂的情况下，补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂。
在一种可能的实现方式中，补锂电极端子231可以被配置为在补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂时，与正电极端子232a或负电极端子232b短接。
若正极的活性锂不足，则补锂电极端子231可以与正电极端子232a进行短接；若负极的活性锂不足，则补锂电极端子231可以与负电极端子232b进行短接。
或者，由于活性锂在电解液中是不停移动的，因此，不论是正极的活性锂不足还是负极的活性锂不足，补锂电极端子231可以被配置为与固定的电极端子短接。例如，与负电极端子232b短接。
由于相对于正极来说，活性锂在负极相对比较容易嵌入。因此，补锂电极端子231被配置为与负电极端子232b短接，能够显著提升补锂装置22的补锂效率。另一方面，在补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂时，即在电池单体20需要补锂时，补锂电极端子231与负电极端子232b进行短接，避免了在不需要补锂的情况下但补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂而造成资源浪费的问题，实现了补锂装置22对电池单体20的可控补锂、按需补锂。
在补锂电极端子231被配置为与负电极端子232b短接的情况下，补锂电极端子231可以设置在端盖23的靠近负电极端子232b的一侧。如此，补锂电极端子231与负电极端子232b之间的连线可以做到最短，不仅实现简单，而且降低了生产成本。
或者，如图3-图5所示，沿端盖23的长度方向，补锂电极端子231可以设置在端盖23的中间位置。如此能够避免补锂电极端子231与端盖23上的极耳直接接触的问题。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，在需要补锂时，本申请实施例可以通过外部控制电路实现补锂装置22对电池单体20的补锂。
进一步地，端盖23还可以包括密封圈，用于在补锂电极端子231和端盖23之间形成密封。示例性地，密封圈例如可以为环状。
端盖23还可以包括铆接块和上塑胶，其中，铆接块用于固定凸出端盖23的补锂电极端子231，下塑胶用于隔离端盖23和铆接块。
除了上述内容提到的构件之外，端盖23上还可以设置有泄压机构233。泄压机构233用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体20中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构233可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构233执行动作或者泄压机构233中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构233产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体20的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构233产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构233中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构233在致动时，电池单体20的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体20发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体20的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
图9-图12示出了本申请实施例的一种电池单体装配的方法，该电池单体为图4所示的电池单体20。应理解，该电池单体20中的补锂装置22包括导电组件221、注塑件222和补锂剂223。
具体而言，注塑件222的原材料可以为T字形注塑或模切件。其中，注塑件222上设置有刻痕224，该刻痕4224的位置即为后续装配过程中将注塑件222进行折弯的位置。通过设置刻痕224，方便了后续装配过程中对注塑件222进行折弯的操作。
之后，将注塑件222折弯为一字形，并在注塑件222的两侧复合导电组件221，以及在导电组件221上复合补锂剂223。其中，可以在导电组件221的整个表面复合补锂剂223，也可以如图9所示在对应于注塑件222的底部到刻痕这部分的导电组件221表面复合补锂剂223。
接下来，如图10所示，将补锂装置22与电极组件21以及端盖23进行装配，并将导电组件221的引出端224与补锂电极端子231进行连接。其中，补锂装置22与电极组件21的第二端面212连接，并设置于相邻的两个电极组件21之间。
之后，如图11所示，进行折极耳工艺，即将相邻的两个电极组件21合在一起。
最后，如图12所示，将与第二端面212连接的补锂装置22摊平。并进行后续装配工艺，如装配裸电芯绝缘片、将装配好的装置放入壳体中等，即可得到图4所示的电池单体20。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池，该电池可以包括前述各实施例中的电池单体20。在一些实施例中，该电池还可以包括箱体、汇流部件等其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述实施例中的电池，电池用于向该用电装置提供电能。
在一些实施例中，用电装置可以为图1中的车辆1、船舶或航天器。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电池单体(20)，其特征在于，包括：
    电极组件(21)，包括相对的第一端面(211)和第二端面(212)，所述第一端面(211)上设置有极耳(212a，212b)；
    补锂装置(22)，与所述第二端面(212)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述电极组件(21)的数量为多个，所述补锂装置(22)与多个所述电极组件(21)中至少部分电极组件(21)的所述第二端面(212)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)还设置于多个所述电极组件(21)中相邻的两个电极组件(21)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，多个所述电极组件中每个电极组件(21)的表面包括平面部(213)，所述相邻的两个电极组件(21)的平面部(213)相对且连接；
    其中，所述补锂装置(22)设置于所述相邻的两个电极组件(21)的平面部(213)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述平面部(213)为所述每个电极组件(21)中面积最大的侧面。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)覆盖所述平面部(213)。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，还包括：
    端盖(23)，朝向所述第一端面(211)设置且与所述第一端面(211)平行，所述端盖(23)上设置有补锂电极端子(231)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)包括补锂剂(223)，所述补锂剂(223)与所述补锂电极端子(231)电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂剂(223)的厚度为0.001mm-4.9mm。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)还包括导电组件(221)，所述导电组件(221)用于电连接所述补锂剂(223)和所述补锂电极端子(231)。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)还包括支撑件(222)，所述支撑件(222)设置在所述补锂装置(22)的最内侧。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述支撑件(222)的材料为塑胶。
  13. 根据权利要求7至12中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)朝向所述端盖(23)的一侧设置有引出端(224)，所述引出端(224) 和所述补锂电极端子(231)连接。
  14. 根据权利要求7至13中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述端盖(23)上还设置有负电极端子(232b)，所述负电极端子(232b)与所述电极组件(21)连接；
    其中，所述补锂电极端(231)子被配置为在所述补锂装置(22)对所述电池单体(20)进行补锂时，与所述负电极端子(232b)短接。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)与所述第二端面(212)的整个部分连接。
  16. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的电池单体(20)；
    箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体(20)。
  17. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求16所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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