WO2024000367A1 - 电池单体、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024000367A1
WO2024000367A1 PCT/CN2022/102715 CN2022102715W WO2024000367A1 WO 2024000367 A1 WO2024000367 A1 WO 2024000367A1 CN 2022102715 W CN2022102715 W CN 2022102715W WO 2024000367 A1 WO2024000367 A1 WO 2024000367A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
battery
battery cell
electrode terminal
replenishing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/102715
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈文伟
刘江
黄瑛
李全坤
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22948479.5A priority Critical patent/EP4407741A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/102715 priority patent/WO2024000367A1/zh
Priority to CN202280067648.3A priority patent/CN118044038A/zh
Publication of WO2024000367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024000367A1/zh
Priority to US18/631,360 priority patent/US20240258586A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4242—Regeneration of electrolyte or reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and a power device, which can effectively improve the performance of the battery without increasing the internal space of the battery.
  • a battery cell including: at least two electrode assemblies, a surface of each of the at least two electrode assemblies including a curved portion, and two adjacent ones of the at least two electrode assemblies.
  • the curved surface of each electrode assembly forms an accommodating space; a lithium replenishing device, at least part of the lithium replenishing device is disposed in the accommodating space.
  • the battery cell includes a lithium replenishing device.
  • the lithium replenishing device can not only replenish the loss of active lithium during use of the battery including the battery cell, improve the service life of the battery, but also replenish The loss of active lithium during the first charge of the battery increases the energy density of the battery.
  • at least part of the lithium replenishment device is arranged in the accommodation space formed by the curved portions of two adjacent electrode assemblies, so that the lithium replenishment device does not occupy the internal space of the battery cell to the greatest extent, and further The energy density of the battery is improved.
  • the shape of the lithium replenishment device is cylindrical.
  • the shape of the lithium replenishment device is set into a cylindrical shape.
  • the cylindrical shape can be more easily installed in the accommodation space, and the accommodation space can be utilized to the greatest extent.
  • the lithium supplement device is a lithium supplement block.
  • the lithium replenishment block has a certain thickness, usually, the thicker the lithium replenishment device, the better the lithium replenishment effect, that is, it can ensure the lithium replenishment capacity of the lithium replenishment device and greatly improve the lithium replenishment device. Lithium effect.
  • the axis of the lithium replenishment device is parallel to the axes of the at least two electrode assemblies.
  • the axis of the lithium replenishment device is set parallel to the axis of the electrode assembly. In this way, the size of the lithium replenishment device can be made as large as possible. Further improve the lithium supplementation effect of the lithium supplementation device.
  • At least part of the lithium supplement device fills the accommodation space.
  • the lithium replenishment device fills the accommodation space, that is, the size of the lithium replenishment device is maximized on the basis of not occupying the internal space of the battery cell, avoiding excessive loss of active lithium in the battery cell but the lithium replenishment device
  • the lithium supplementing effect of the lithium supplementing device is greatly improved, thereby effectively improving the performance of the battery.
  • each electrode assembly includes an opposite first end face and a second end face, the first end face is provided with a lug, and the battery cell further includes: an end cover, facing the The first end face is disposed parallel to the first end face, the end cover is provided with a lithium replenishing electrode terminal, and the lithium replenishing electrode terminal is connected to the lithium replenishing device.
  • the purpose of the lithium-replenishing device replenishing lithium for the battery can be achieved, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishing device includes a lithium replenishing agent, and the lithium replenishing agent is electrically connected to the lithium replenishing electrode terminal.
  • the main function of the lithium supplement agent is to lose electrons from metallic elemental lithium, thereby forming lithium ions.
  • the electrons reach the positive or negative electrode of the battery through the conductive component, and the positive active material or negative active material receives electrons and is reduced.
  • lithium ions can pass through the ion channel provided by the electrolyte, and an intercalation reaction occurs at the positive or negative electrode, thereby realizing the active lithium from
  • the purpose of transferring the lithium replenishing agent into the positive active material or negative active material effectively ensures the lithium replenishing effect.
  • the lithium replenishing device further includes a conductive component covering the lithium replenishing agent, wherein the conductive component is used to electrically connect the lithium replenishing agent and the lithium replenishing battery. Extreme.
  • the lithium replenishing agent By setting up conductive components, it is not only easier to electrically connect the lithium replenishing agent and the lithium replenishing electrode terminals, which reduces the difficulty of the battery cell production process, but also establishes electronic channels for the lithium replenishing agent, positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material. , so that the lithium supplement device can fully play the role of supplementing active lithium.
  • the shape of the conductive component is spiral.
  • the above technical solution uses spiral conductive components, which can increase the contact area between the conductive components and the lithium replenishing agent, and avoid the occurrence of faults in the subsequent reaction between the lithium replenishing agent and the conductive component during the lithium replenishing process, causing the lithium replenishing device to lose its The problem of lithium supplementation ability.
  • the lithium replenishment device is provided with a lead-out end on one side toward the end cover, and the lead-out end is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal.
  • the lithium replenishment device is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal through the lead-out end, which realizes the connection between the lithium replenishment device and the lithium replenishment electrode terminal in a relatively simple manner, which is conducive to simplifying the battery manufacturing process.
  • a negative electrode terminal is also provided on the end cap, and the negative electrode terminal is connected to the at least two electrode assemblies; wherein the lithium supplement electrode terminal is configured to connect to the supplementary electrode.
  • the lithium replenishing electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are short-circuited, thereby avoiding the need to replenish lithium.
  • the lithium replenishment device does not replenish lithium to the battery cells, thereby realizing the controllable replenishment of lithium and on-demand lithium replenishment of the battery cells by the lithium replenishment device; on the other hand, because compared to the positive electrode, lithium ions It is relatively easy to embed in the negative electrode. Therefore, the lithium replenishing electrode terminal is configured to be short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal, which can significantly improve the lithium replenishing efficiency of the lithium replenishing device.
  • the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal is disposed on a side of the end cap close to the negative electrode terminal.
  • connection between the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal can be kept as short as possible, which is not only simple to implement, but also reduces production costs.
  • each electrode assembly further includes a planar portion, the planar portion is connected to the curved portion, and the planar portions of the two adjacent electrode assemblies are opposite and connected.
  • the electrode assembly includes a flat part, which not only allows better contact between the flat parts, but also makes better use of the space of the battery cell, thus improving the energy density of the battery.
  • a battery including: the battery cell in the above-mentioned first aspect or its respective implementations; and a box used to accommodate the battery cell.
  • an electrical device including: the battery in the second aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 4 at position A.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a lithium supplement device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery or a magnesium ion battery, etc., which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell may include an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be graphite, carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (polyethylene, PE).
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • SEI solid electrolyte interphase
  • the positive electrode lithium The irreversible consumption of ions usually exceeds 10%, resulting in a low first-cycle charge and discharge efficiency, which may be only 50%-77%, thus reducing the energy density of the battery.
  • the battery will continue to consume active lithium during normal use, resulting in a greatly reduced battery life.
  • the battery cell includes at least two electrode assemblies and a lithium replenishing device, wherein the surface of each of the at least two electrode assemblies includes a curved portion, and the curved surfaces of two adjacent electrode assemblies among the at least two electrode assemblies
  • the whole part forms an accommodation space; the lithium replenishing device is arranged in the accommodation space.
  • the lithium replenishing device can not only replenish the loss of active lithium during use of the battery including the battery cell, improve the service life of the battery, but also replenish the loss of active lithium during the first charging process of the battery.
  • the loss of active lithium increases the energy density of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishing device is arranged in the accommodation space formed by the curved portions of two adjacent electrode assemblies, so that the lithium replenishing device does not occupy the internal space of the battery cell, further improving the energy density of the battery.
  • Electrical devices may be, for example, vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells.
  • multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed.
  • Hybrid refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • Batteries may also be called battery packs.
  • multiple battery cells can be first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
  • multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form a battery.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may also include a box (or cover), the inside of the box is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 10 are accommodated in the box.
  • the box body may include two parts, here respectively referred to as the first part 111 and the second part 112.
  • the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery cells 20 , and each of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may have an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be hollow rectangular parallelepipeds with only one open surface.
  • the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are interlocked with each other.
  • the box body may include a bottom plate 112a, a side plate 112b and a beam.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in mixed combination and then placed in a box formed by the first part 111 and the second part 112 being fastened together.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
  • the bus component can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus part may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the electrically conductive means can also be part of the busbar.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power.
  • the battery cell 20 may include at least two electrode assemblies 21 and a lithium replenishing device 22 .
  • the surface of each of the at least two electrode assemblies 21 includes a curved portion 211 , and the curved portions 211 of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 among the at least two electrode assemblies 21 form an accommodating space 2111 .
  • At least part of the lithium replenishment device 22 is disposed in the accommodation space 2111.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a lithium replenishing device 22.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can not only supplement the loss of active lithium during use of the battery including the battery cell 20, but also improve the service life of the battery. It can also replenish the loss of active lithium during the first charging process of the battery and improve the energy density of the battery. Furthermore, this technical solution disposes at least part of the lithium replenishing device 22 in the accommodation space 2111 formed by the curved portions 211 of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21, so that the lithium replenishing device 22 does not occupy the internal space of the battery cell 20. The energy density of the battery is further improved.
  • each electrode assembly 21 may only include the curved portion 211 . That is, the battery cell 20 is a cylindrical battery cell.
  • each electrode assembly 21 may also include a planar portion 212 , and the planar portion 212 is connected to the curved portion 211 .
  • Two adjacent electrode assemblies The flat portions 212 of 21 are opposite and connected.
  • the battery cells 20 are prismatic battery cells.
  • blade battery cells Arranging the battery cells 20 as blade-type battery cells can increase the energy density of the battery cells within the limited space of the battery.
  • the electrode assembly 21 includes the planar portion 212, which not only enables better contact between the planes, but also makes better use of the space of the battery cell 20, thus improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can be disposed in the accommodation space 2111 by welding.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can be installed in the accommodation space 2111 through a connecting piece.
  • the connecting member may be but is not limited to conductive glue.
  • the curved portions 211 of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 may form two accommodation spaces 2111 .
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 can be disposed in any one of the two accommodating spaces 2111 , or can be disposed in both accommodating spaces 2111 .
  • the size and shape of the lithium replenishment devices 22 in the two accommodation spaces 2111 may be the same or different. This is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application. .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be cylindrical.
  • the cylindrical shape can be more easily installed in the accommodating space 2111, and the accommodating space 2111 can be utilized to the greatest extent.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can also have other shapes. For example, rectangle, circle, etc.
  • the lithium supplement device 22 may be a lithium supplement tablet.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be a lithium replenishing block.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may be a cylindrical lithium replenishing block.
  • the lithium supplement block has a certain thickness. Generally, the thicker the lithium supplement device 22 is, the better the lithium supplement effect will be. That is, the lithium supplement capacity of the lithium supplement device 22 can be guaranteed and the lithium supplement efficiency will be greatly improved. Lithium supplementation effect of device 22.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 can be installed arbitrarily in the accommodation space 2111.
  • the axis of the cylindrical lithium replenishment device 22 and the axes of the at least two electrode assemblies 21 may form a certain angle, such as 90° or an acute angle.
  • the axis of the cylindrical lithium replenishment device 22 may be parallel to the axes of at least two electrode assemblies 21 . Since the axis of the electrode assembly 21 is relatively long, the axis of the lithium replenishment device 22 is set parallel to the axis of the electrode assembly 21. In this way, the size of the lithium replenishment device 22 can be made as large as possible. The lithium supplementing effect of the lithium supplementing device 22 is further improved.
  • the entire lithium replenishing device 22 may be disposed in the accommodation space 2111.
  • the size of the lithium replenishment device 22 may be smaller than the size of the accommodation space 2111 .
  • the size of the lithium replenishing device 22 may be smaller than the size of the electrode assembly 21.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 can fill the accommodation space 2111.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 fills the accommodation space 2111, that is, the size of the lithium replenishing device 22 is maximized without occupying the internal space of the battery cell 20, and excessive loss of active lithium of the battery cell 20 is avoided.
  • the active lithium replenished by the lithium replenishing device 22 is insufficient, the lithium replenishing effect of the lithium replenishing device 22 is greatly improved, thereby effectively improving the performance of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 may be arranged in the accommodation space 2111, and the other part of the lithium replenishment device 22 may be arranged outside the accommodation space 2111.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 provided outside the accommodating space 2111 may be provided between two adjacent electrode assemblies 21 .
  • the electrode assembly 21 includes a planar portion 212
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 that is not disposed in the accommodating space 2111 can be disposed between the planar portions of two adjacent electrode assemblies 21.
  • the planar portion is the side surface with the largest area in the electrode assembly 21 .
  • each electrode assembly 21 may include opposite first end faces 213 and second end faces (not shown in FIG. 3 ), with tabs disposed on the first end faces 213 .
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 provided outside the accommodation space 2111 may be connected to the second end surface.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 disposed in the accommodation space 2111 may extend toward the first end face or the second end face, so that the lithium replenishment device protrudes from the accommodation space 2111 in a direction perpendicular to the first end face.
  • the battery cell 20 may also include an end cover 23 , which is disposed toward the first end face 213 and parallel to the first end face 213 .
  • the end cover 23 is provided with a lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 .
  • the lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 Connected to lithium replenishment device 22.
  • the end cap 23 may be made of metal, such as aluminum, steel, etc.
  • the shape of the end cap 23 can be circular; when the battery cell 20 is a square battery cell, the shape of the end cap 23 can be a polygon, as shown in Figure 3 rectangle.
  • the purpose of the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishing lithium for the battery can be achieved, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 may include a lithium replenishment agent 222 , wherein the lithium replenishment agent 222 is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal 231 .
  • the lithium replenishing agent 222 can be lithium powder, lithium ingot, lithium tablet, lithium alloy, etc. It should be understood that the capacity of the lithium replenishing agent to provide active lithium is approximately 0.1%-99% of the negative electrode graphite.
  • the thickness of the lithium supplement 223 may be 0.001mm-4.9mm.
  • the main function of lithium supplement 222 is to lose electrons from metallic elemental lithium, thereby forming lithium ions.
  • the electrons reach the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery through the conductive component 221, and the positive active material or negative active material receives electrons and is reduced.
  • lithium ions can pass through the ion channel provided by the electrolyte, and an intercalation reaction occurs at the positive or negative electrode, thereby realizing active lithium.
  • the purpose of transferring the lithium replenishing agent 222 to the positive active material or the negative active material effectively ensures the lithium replenishing effect.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 may also include a conductive component 221, which covers the lithium replenishing agent 222, wherein the conductive component 221 is used to electrically connect the lithium replenishing agent 223 and lithium-supplemented electrode terminal 231.
  • the lithium replenishing agent 222 can be compounded with the conductive component 221 through electroplating, mechanical rolling, or other methods.
  • the conductive component 221 may be made of one or more of copper, aluminum, nickel, iron and their alloys.
  • the conductive component 221 By arranging the conductive component 221, not only can the lithium replenishing agent 222 and the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 be electrically connected relatively easily, thereby reducing the difficulty of the production process of the battery cell 20, but also the lithium replenishing agent 222, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material can be electrically connected.
  • the substance establishes an electron channel, so that the lithium supplement device 22 can fully play the role of supplementing active lithium.
  • the conductive component 221 may be in a sheet shape.
  • the shape of the conductive component 221 may be spiral.
  • This technical solution uses a spiral conductive component 221, which can increase the contact area between the conductive component 221 and the lithium replenishing agent 222, and avoid the occurrence of faults between the lithium replenishing agent 222 and the conductive component 221 in the subsequent reaction during the lithium replenishing process.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 is provided with a lead-out end 2211 on one side facing the end cover 23 , and the lead-out end 2211 is connected to the lithium replenishment electrode terminal 231 .
  • connection member 233 is provided on the side of the end cap 23 facing the electrode assembly 21 , and the lead end 2211 can be electrically connected to the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 through the connection member 233 .
  • the connecting member may also be called a current collecting member or other names, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the shape of the connecting member 233 may be, for example, an "L" shape as shown in FIG. 5 , or may be other shapes.
  • a lead-out end 2211 may be provided on the end surface of the conductive component 221 .
  • the end cap 23 can also be provided with a positive electrode terminal 234a and a negative electrode terminal 234b.
  • the positive electrode terminal 234a and the negative electrode terminal 234b is electrically connected to at least two electrode assemblies 21.
  • each electrode assembly 21 has a first tab 214a and a second tab 214b, and the polarities of the first tab 214a and the second tab 214b are opposite.
  • first tab 214a is a positive tab
  • second tab 214b is a negative tab.
  • the first tab 214a of the electrode assembly 21 is connected to one electrode terminal through a connecting member
  • the second tab 214b of the electrode assembly 21 is connected to the other electrode terminal through another connecting member.
  • the positive electrode terminal 234a is connected to the positive electrode tab through one connecting member
  • the negative electrode terminal 234b is connected to the negative electrode tab through another connecting member.
  • the lithium replenishment device 22 may still replenish lithium to the battery cell 20 , resulting in a waste of resources. In order to avoid this situation, in the embodiment of the present application, when lithium replenishment is required, the lithium replenishment device 22 can replenish lithium to the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 may be configured to be short-circuited with the positive electrode terminal 234a or the negative electrode terminal 234b when the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cell 20 .
  • the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 can be short-circuited with the positive electrode terminal 234a; if the active lithium of the negative electrode is insufficient, the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 can be short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal 234b.
  • the lithium-replenishing electrode terminal 231 can be configured to be short-circuited with the fixed electrode terminal. For example, it is short-circuited to the negative electrode terminal 234b.
  • the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 is configured to be short-circuited with the negative electrode terminal 234b, which can significantly improve the lithium replenishing efficiency of the lithium replenishing device 22.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cell 20, that is, when the battery cell 20 needs to replenish lithium, the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 and the negative electrode terminal 234b are short-circuited, thereby avoiding the need for replenishing lithium.
  • the lithium replenishing device 22 replenishes lithium to the battery cells 20, which causes a waste of resources. This enables the lithium replenishing device 22 to replenish lithium in the battery cells 20 in a controlled and on-demand manner.
  • the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 may be disposed on a side of the end cap 23 close to the negative electrode terminal 234b. In this way, the connection between the lithium-supplementing electrode terminal 231 and the negative electrode terminal 234b can be minimized, which is not only simple to implement, but also reduces production costs.
  • the embodiment of the present application can implement the lithium replenishment device 22 to replenish lithium of the battery cell 20 through an external control circuit.
  • the end cap 23 may also include a sealing ring for forming a seal between the lithium replenishing electrode terminal 231 and the end cap 23 .
  • the sealing ring may be annular.
  • the end cover 23 may also include a riveting block and an upper plastic.
  • the riveting block is used to fix the lithium supplement electrode terminal 231 protruding from the end cover 23
  • the lower plastic is used to isolate the end cover 23 from the riveting block.
  • the end cover 23 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 232 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 232 is configured to be activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • This threshold design varies based on design requirements. The threshold value may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece, the electrolyte, and the separator in the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 232 may take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and may specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive component or structure.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 232 takes action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 232 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released.
  • the “activation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism 232 acts or is activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 20 can be released.
  • the actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 232 may include, but are not limited to: at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 232 ruptures, shatters, is torn or opens, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 232 is actuated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cells 20 will be discharged outward from the actuated part as emissions. In this way, the battery cell 20 can be depressurized under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potentially more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cells 20 mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the separator, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by reactions, flames, etc. .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery, which may include the battery cells 20 in the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the battery may also include other structures such as a box body and bus components, which will not be described in detail here.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device may include the battery in the previous embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the electrical device may be the vehicle 1, ship or spacecraft in Figure 1.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够在不增加电池内部空间的基础上有效提高电池的性能。该电池单体包括：至少两个电极组件(21)，所述至少两个电极组件(21)中每个电极组件(21)的表面包括曲面部(211)，所述至少两个电极组件(21)中相邻的两个电极组件(21)的曲面部(211)形成容置空间(2111)；补锂装置(22)，至少部分所述补锂装置(22)设置于所述容置空间(2111)内。

Description

电池单体、电池和用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，电池的性能是一个不可忽视的问题。电池的性能不仅影响电池电池相关产品的发展和应用，而且还影响消费者对电动车辆的接受度。因此，如何提高电池的性能，是一项亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够在不增加电池内部空间的基础上有效提高电池的性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：至少两个电极组件，所述至少两个电极组件中每个电极组件的表面包括曲面部，所述至少两个电极组件中相邻的两个电极组件的曲面部形成容置空间；补锂装置，至少部分所述补锂装置设置于所述容置空间内。
本申请实施例，电池单体包括补锂装置，如此，补锂装置不仅可以补充包括有该电池单体的电池在使用过程中的活性锂的损耗，提高了电池的使用寿命，并且还能补充电池在首次充电过程中的活性锂的损失，提高了电池的能量密度。进一步地，该技术方案将至少部分补锂装置设置于相邻的两个电极组件的曲面部形成的容置空间内，能够在最大程度上使补锂装置不占用电池单体的内部空间，进一步提高了该电池的能量密度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置的形状为圆柱形。
上述技术方案，将补锂装置的形状设置为圆柱形，圆柱形能够更容易地设置在容置空间内，并且容置空间能够最大程度地被利用。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置为补锂块。
上述技术方案，由于补锂块具有一定的厚度，通常情况下，补锂装置越厚，则补锂效果越好，即能够保证补锂装置的补锂能力，极大地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置的轴线平行于所述至少两个电极组件的轴线。
上述技术方案，由于电极组件的的轴线相对来说较长，因此，将补锂装置的轴 线设置成平行于电极组件的轴线，如此，可以将补锂装置的尺寸尽可能地做到大，进而进一步提高补锂装置的补锂效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，至少部分所述补锂装置填满所述容置空间。
上述技术方案，补锂装置填满容置空间，即在不占用电池单体内部空间的基础上将补锂装置的尺寸做到了最大，避免了电池单体的活性锂损耗过大但补锂装置补充的活性锂不够的情况，极大地提高了补锂装置的补锂效果，进而有效提高了电池的性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述每个电极组件包括相对的第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面上设置有极耳，所述电池单体还包括：端盖，朝向所述第一端面设置且与所述第一端面平行，所述端盖上设置有补锂电极端子，所述补锂电极端子与所述补锂装置连接。
上述技术方案，通过在端盖上设置与补锂装置连接的补锂电极端子，能够实现补锂装置对电池进行补锂的目的，进而能够提高电池的性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置包括补锂剂，所述补锂剂与所述补锂电极端子电连接。
上述技术方案，补锂剂的主要作用是金属单质锂失去电子，从而形成锂离子。电子通过导电组件到达电池的正极或者负极，正极活性物质或负极活性物质得到电子而被还原，同时锂离子可以通过电解液提供的离子通道，在正极或负极处发生嵌入反应，从而实现活性锂从补锂剂转移到正极活性物质或负极活性物质中的目的，有效保证了补锂效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置还包括导电组件，所述导电组件包覆所述补锂剂，其中，所述导电组件用于电连接所述补锂剂和所述补锂电极端子。
通过设置导电组件，不仅能够比较容易地将补锂剂和补锂电极端子进行电连接，降低了电池单体生产过程的难度，而且可以为补锂剂、正极活性物质和负极活性物质建立电子通道，从而使补锂装置充分发挥补充活性锂的作用。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述导电组件的形状为螺旋状。
上述技术方案采用螺旋状的导电组件，能够增加导电组件和补锂剂之间的接触面积，避免了在补锂过程中补锂剂与导电组件在后续反应中存在断层，而使补锂装置失去补锂能力的问题。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂装置朝向端盖的一侧设置有引出端，所述引出端与所述补锂电极端子连接。
上述技术方案，补锂装置通过引出端与补锂电极端子连接，以较简单的方式实现了补锂装置与补锂电极端子的连接，有利于简化电池的制造工艺。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述端盖上还设置有负电极端子，所述负电极端子与所述至少两个电极组件连接；其中，所述补锂电极端子被配置为在所述补锂装置对所述电池单体进行补锂时，与所述负电极端子短接。
上述技术方案，一方面，在补锂装置对电池单体进行补锂时，即在电池单体需要补锂时，补锂电极端子与负电极端子进行短接，避免了在不需要补锂的情况下但补 锂装置对电池单体进行补锂的问题，从而实现了补锂装置对电池单体的可控补锂、按需补锂；另一方面，由于相对于正极来说，锂离子在负极相对比较容易嵌入。因此，补锂电极端子被配置为与负电极端子短接，能够显著提升补锂装置的补锂效率。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述补锂电极端子设置在所述端盖的接近所述负电极端子的一侧。
如此，补锂电极端子与负电极端子之间的连线可以做到最短，不仅实现简单，而且降低了生产成本。
在一些可能的实现方式中，所述每个电极组件的表面还包括平面部，所述平面部和所述曲面部相连，所述相邻的两个电极组件的平面部相对且连接。
上述技术方案，电极组件包括平面部，平面之间不仅能更好地进行接触，而且还能将电池单体的空间更好地利用起来，因此能提高电池的能量密度。
第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：上述第一方面或其各实现方式中的电池单体；箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。
第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：第二方面中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一种实施例的车辆的示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施例的电池的结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例的电池单体的分解图。
图4是本申请实施例的电池单体的一种剖面图。
图5是图4所示的电池单体在A处的放大图。
图6是本申请实施例的补锂装置的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、 “第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体可以包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极 耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为石墨、碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)或聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命等性能参数。
电池，例如锂离子电池，目前存在的普遍问题是在首次充电过程中会消耗大量从正极脱出的锂离子以形成负极表面的固体电解质界面(solid electrolyte interphase，SEI)膜，首次充电过程中正极锂离子的不可逆消耗通常会超过10％，致使首周期充放电效率较低，可能只有50％-77％，从而会降低电池的能量密度。另一方面，电池在正常使用过程中也会持续消耗活性锂，导致电池的使用寿命大大减少。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体。该电池单体包括至少两个电极组件和补锂装置，其中，所述至少两个电极组件中每个电极组件的表面包括曲面部，至少两个电极组件中相邻的两个电极组件的曲面部形成容置空间；补锂装置设置于容置空间内。通过设置补锂装置，如此，补锂装置不仅可以补充包括有该电池单体的电池在使用过程中的活性锂的损耗，提高了电池的使用寿命，并且还能补充电池在首次充电过程中的活性锂的损失，提高了电池的能量密度。进一步地，将补锂装置设置于相邻的两个电极组件的曲面部形成的容置空间内，使得补锂装置不占用电池单体的内部空间，进一步提高了该电池的能量密度。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备例如可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体。其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体(或称罩体)，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池单体10容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。其中，箱体可以包括底板112a、侧板112b和梁。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。
如图3所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图。该电池单体20可以包括至少两个电极组件21和补锂装置22。其中，至少两个电极组件21中每个电极组件21的表面包括曲面部211，至少两个电极组件21中相邻的两个电极组件21的曲面部211形成容置空间2111。至少部分补锂装置22设置于该容置空间2111内。
本申请实施例，电池单体20包括补锂装置22，如此，补锂装置22不仅可以补充包括有该电池单体20的电池在使用过程中的活性锂的损耗，提高了电池的使用寿命，并且还能补充电池在首次充电过程中的活性锂的损失，提高了电池的能量密度。进一步地，该技术方案将至少部分补锂装置22设置于相邻的两个电极组件21的曲面部211形成的容置空间2111内，使得补锂装置22不占用电池单体20的内部空间，进一步提高了该电池的能量密度。
作为一种示例，每个电极组件21的表面可以仅包括曲面部211。即该电池单体20为圆柱形电池单体。
作为另一种示例，如图3所示，除了曲面部211之外，每个电极组件21的表面还可以包括平面部212，该平面部212和曲面部211相连，相邻的两个电极组件21的平面部212相对且连接。
在这种情况下，电池单体20为方形电池单体。例如，刀片式电池单体。将电池单体20设置为刀片式电池单体，在电池有限的空间内，能够提高电池单体的能量密度。
上述技术方案，电极组件21包括平面部212，平面之间不仅能更好地进行接触，而且还能将电池单体20的空间更好地利用起来，因此能提高电池的能量密度。
可选地，补锂装置22可以通过焊接的方式设置于容置空间2111内。或者，补锂装置22可以通过连接件设置于容置空间2111内。其中，连接件可以为但不限于导电胶。
如图3所示，相邻两个电极组件21的曲面部211可以形成两个容置空间2111。补锂装置22可以设置于两个容置空间2111中的任意一个容置空间2111内，也可以在两个容置空间2111内均设置补锂装置22。
在两个容置空间2111内均设置补锂装置22的情况下，两个容置空间2111内的补锂装置22的尺寸和形状可以相同，也可以不同，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选地，如图3所示，补锂装置22可以为圆柱形。将补锂装置22的形状设置为圆柱形，圆柱形能够更容易地设置在容置空间2111内，并且容置空间2111能够最大程度地被利用。
当然，补锂装置22也可以为其他形状。例如，矩形、圆形等。
可选地，补锂装置22可以为补锂片。或者，补锂装置22可以为补锂块，例如，补锂装置22可以为圆柱形补锂块。相对于补锂片，补锂块具有一定的厚度，通常情况下，补锂装置22越厚，则补锂效果越好，即能够保证补锂装置22的补锂能力，极大地提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果。
补锂装置22可以在容置空间2111内任意设置。例如，当补锂装置22的形状为圆柱形时，圆柱形补锂装置22的轴线与至少两个电极组件21的轴线之间可以呈一定的角度，如90°或锐角等。
或者，再次参考图3，圆柱形补锂装置22的轴线可以平行于至少两个电极组件21的轴线。由于电极组件21的的轴线相对来说较长，因此，将补锂装置22的轴线设置成平行于电极组件21的轴线，如此，可以将补锂装置22的尺寸尽可能地做到大，进而进一步提高补锂装置22的补锂效果。
可选地，补锂装置22可以整体均设置在容置空间2111内。
在这种情况下，在一些实施例中，补锂装置22的尺寸可以小于容置空间2111的尺寸。比如，沿电极组件21的高度方向，补锂装置22的尺寸可以小于电极组件21的尺寸。
在另一些实施例中，补锂装置22可以填满容置空间2111。
该技术方案，补锂装置22填满容置空间2111，即在不占用电池单体20内部空间的基础上将补锂装置22的尺寸做到了最大，避免了电池单体20的活性锂损耗过大但补锂装置22补充的活性锂不够的情况，极大地提高了补锂装置22的补锂效果，进而有效提高了电池的性能。
可选地，可以仅部分补锂装置22设置在容置空间2111内，另一部分补锂装置 22设置在容置空间2111外。
设置在容置空间2111外的补锂装置22可以设置在相邻的两个电极组件21之间。如，在电极组件21包括平面部212的情况下，未设置在容置空间2111内的补锂装置22可以设置于相邻的两个电极组件21的平面部之间。示例性地，该平面部为电极组件21中面积最大的侧面。
或者，再次如图3所示，每个电极组件21可以包括相对的第一端面213和第二端面(图3未示出)，第一端面213上设置有极耳。设置在容置空间2111外的补锂装置22可以与第二端面连接。
再或者，设置在容置空间2111内的补锂装置22可以朝向第一端面或第二端面进行延伸，以使补锂装置在垂直于第一端面的方向上突出容置空间2111。
进一步地，电池单体20还可以包括端盖23，该端盖23朝向第一端面213设置且与第一端面213平行，端盖23上设置有补锂电极端子231，该补锂电极端子231与补锂装置22连接。
可选地，端盖23的材质可以为金属材质，例如铝材、钢材等。
当电池单体20为圆柱形电池单体时，端盖23的形状可以为圆形；当电池单体20为方形电池单体时，端盖23的形状可以为多边形，如图3所示的矩形。
上述技术方案，通过在端盖23上设置与补锂装置22连接的补锂电极端子231，能够实现补锂装置22对电池进行补锂的目的，进而能够提高电池的性能。
为了使补锂装置22能充分有效地进行补锂，如图4和图5所示，补锂装置22可以包括补锂剂222，其中，补锂剂222与补锂电极端子231连接。
补锂剂222可以为锂粉、锂锭、锂片、锂合金等。应理解，补锂剂提供活性锂的容量大概为负极石墨的0.1％-99％。
可选地，补锂剂223的厚度可以为0.001mm-4.9mm。
补锂剂222的主要作用是金属单质锂失去电子，从而形成锂离子。电子通过导电组件221到达电池的正极或者负极，正极活性物质或负极活性物质得到电子而被还原，同时锂离子可以通过电解液提供的离子通道，在正极或负极处发生嵌入反应，从而实现活性锂从补锂剂222转移到正极活性物质或负极活性物质中的目的，有效保证了补锂效果。
补锂剂222与补锂电极端子231之间可能会存在不容易电连接的问题。因此，如图4和图5，在本申请实施例中，补锂装置22还可以包括导电组件221，导电组件221包覆补锂剂222，其中，导电组件221用于电连接补锂剂223和补锂电极端子231。
补锂剂222可以通过电镀、机械辊压等方式与导电组件221复合。
导电组件221的材质可以为铜、铝、镍、铁及其合金中的一种或几种。
通过设置导电组件221，不仅能够比较容易地将补锂剂222和补锂电极端子231进行电连接，降低了电池单体20生产过程的难度，而且为补锂剂222、正极活性物质和负极活性物质建立了电子通道，从而使补锂装置22充分发挥补充活性锂的作用。
可选地，导电组件221的形状可以为片状。
或者，在补锂装置为补锂块的情况下，如图6所示，导电组件221的形状可以 为螺旋状。该技术方案采用螺旋状的导电组件221，能够增加导电组件221和补锂剂222之间的接触面积，避免了在补锂过程中补锂剂222与导电组件221在后续反应中存在断层，而使补锂装置22失去补锂能力的问题。
在一些实施例中，补锂装置22朝向端盖23的一侧设置有引出端2211，该引出端2211与补锂电极端子231连接。
具体而言，端盖23的朝向电极组件21的一侧设置有连接构件233，引出端2211可以通过该连接构件233与补锂电极端子231电连接。应理解，连接构件也可以称为集流构件或其他名称，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
连接构件233的形状例如可以为图5所示的“L”字形，也可以为其他形状。
示例性地，再次参考图4、图5和图6，导电组件221的端面上可以设置有引出端2211。
除了补锂电极端子231之外，在一些实施例中，如图3和图4所示，端盖23上还可以设置有正电极端子234a和负电极端子234b，正电极端子234a和负电极端子234b与至少两个电极组件21电连接。
如图3所示，每个电极组件21具有第一极耳214a和第二极耳214b，第一极耳214a和第二极耳214b的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳214a为正极极耳时，第二极耳214b为负极极耳。电极组件21的第一极耳214a通过一个连接构件与一个电极端子连接，电极组件21的第二极耳214b通过另一个连接构件与另一个电极端子连接。例如，正电极端子234a通过一个连接构件与正极极耳连接，负电极端子234b通过另一个连接构件与负极极耳连接。
考虑到在电池单体20的活性锂充足不需要补锂的情况下，可能会出现补锂装置22仍然对电池单体20进行补锂，从而造成资源浪费的情况。为了避免这种情况，本申请实施例中，在需要补锂的情况下，补锂装置22可对电池单体20进行补锂。
在一种可能的实现方式中，补锂电极端子231可以被配置为在补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂时，与正电极端子234a或负电极端子234b短接。
若正极的活性锂不足，则补锂电极端子231可以与正电极端子234a进行短接；若负极的活性锂不足，则补锂电极端子231可以与负电极端子234b进行短接。
或者，由于活性锂在电解液中是不停移动的，因此，不论是正极的活性锂不足还是负极的活性锂不足，补锂电极端子231可以被配置为与固定的电极端子短接。例如，与负电极端子234b短接。
由于相对于正极来说，活性锂在负极相对比较容易嵌入。因此，补锂电极端子231被配置为与负电极端子234b短接，能够显著提升补锂装置22的补锂效率。另一方面，在补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂时，即在电池单体20需要补锂时，补锂电极端子231与负电极端子234b进行短接，避免了在不需要补锂的情况下但补锂装置22对电池单体20进行补锂而造成资源浪费的问题，从而实现了补锂装置22对电池单体20的可控补锂、按需补锂。
在补锂电极端子231被配置为与负电极端子234b短接的情况下，补锂电极端子231可以设置在端盖23的靠近负电极端子234b的一侧。如此，补锂电极端子231与负 电极端子234b之间的连线可以做到最短，不仅实现简单，而且降低了生产成本。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，在需要补锂时，本申请实施例可以通过外部控制电路实现补锂装置22对电池单体20的补锂。
进一步地，端盖23还可以包括密封圈，用于在补锂电极端子231和端盖23之间形成密封。示例性地，密封圈例如可以为环状。
此外，端盖23还可以包括铆接块和上塑胶，其中，铆接块用于固定凸出端盖23的补锂电极端子231，下塑胶用于隔离端盖23和铆接块。
除了上述内容提到的构件之外，端盖23上还可以设置有泄压机构232。泄压机构232用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体20中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构232可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构232执行动作或者泄压机构232中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构232产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体20的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构232产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构232中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构232在致动时，电池单体20的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体20发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体20的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池，该电池可以包括前述各实施例中的电池单体20。在一些实施例中，该电池还可以包括箱体、汇流部件等其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述实施例中的电池，电池用于向该用电装置提供电能。
在一些实施例中，用电装置可以为图1中的车辆1、船舶或航天器。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池单体(20)，其特征在于，包括：
    至少两个电极组件(21)，所述至少两个电极组件(21)中每个电极组件(21)的表面包括曲面部(211)，所述至少两个电极组件(21)中相邻的两个电极组件(21)的曲面部(211)形成容置空间(2111)；
    补锂装置(22)，至少部分所述补锂装置(22)设置于所述容置空间(2111)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)的形状为圆柱形。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)为补锂块。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)的轴线平行于所述至少两个电极组件(21)的轴线。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，至少部分所述补锂装置(22)填满所述容置空间(2111)。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述每个电极组件(21)包括相对的第一端面(213)和第二端面，所述第一端面(213)上设置有极耳(214a，214b)，所述电池单体(20)还包括：
    端盖(23)，朝向所述第一端面(213)设置且与所述第一端面(213)平行，所述端盖(23)上设置有补锂电极端子(231)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)包括补锂剂(222)，所述补锂剂(222)与所述补锂电极端子(231)电连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)还包括导电组件(221)，所述导电组件包覆所述补锂剂，其中，所述导电组件(221)用于电连接所述补锂剂(223)和所述补锂电极端子(231)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述导电组件(221)的形状为螺旋状。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂装置(22)朝向所述端盖(23)的一侧设置有引出端(2211)，所述引出端(2211)与所述补锂电极端子(231)连接。
  11. 根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述端盖(23)上还设置有负电极端子(234b)，所述负电极端子(234b)与所述至少两个电极组件(21)连接；
    其中，所述补锂电极端子(231)被配置为在所述补锂装置(22)对所述电池单体(20)进行补锂时，与所述负电极端子(234b)短接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述补锂电极端子 (231)设置在所述端盖(23)的接近所述负电极端子(234b)的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述每个电极组件(21)的表面还包括平面部(212)，所述平面部(212)和所述曲面部(211)相连，所述相邻的两个电极组件(21)的平面部(212)相对且连接。
  14. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电池单体(20)；
    箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体(20)。
  15. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求14所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/102715 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 电池单体、电池和用电装置 WO2024000367A1 (zh)

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JP2004303597A (ja) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-28 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法
CN108539255A (zh) * 2017-03-01 2018-09-14 福特全球技术公司 用于抑制锂（Li）离子电池中容量损失的锂补充
CN111403640A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-10 上海豫源电力科技有限公司 高能量锂电池及其制作方法
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