WO2023284450A1 - 金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法及白炭黑 - Google Patents

金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法及白炭黑 Download PDF

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WO2023284450A1
WO2023284450A1 PCT/CN2022/097701 CN2022097701W WO2023284450A1 WO 2023284450 A1 WO2023284450 A1 WO 2023284450A1 CN 2022097701 W CN2022097701 W CN 2022097701W WO 2023284450 A1 WO2023284450 A1 WO 2023284450A1
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carbon black
white carbon
water glass
silicon powder
metal silicon
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PCT/CN2022/097701
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French (fr)
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陈广强
时文金
王军
崔孟忠
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青岛君强新材料有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/18Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B33/187Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates
    • C01B33/193Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates of aqueous solutions of silicates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area

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  • the invention relates to the application field of metal silicon powder, in particular to a method for preparing white carbon and high modulus water glass through industrial metal silicon powder or recycled metal silicon powder, and a white carbon black product prepared by the method.
  • elemental silicon is a non-metallic element, but it is customary to call single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon metal silicon.
  • Metallic silicon hardly reacts with pure water under normal conditions, or reacts very slowly, but reacts violently in alkaline solution:
  • patent CN101691216B is a kind of method that reclaims silicon carbide and co-produces white carbon black from wire cutting waste mortar.
  • the method involves the recycling of silicon powder in the mortar, using the most conventional two-step method to produce white carbon black, specifically: first reacting silicon powder with a high-concentration sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to generate sodium silicate, and then Add a small amount of high modulus water glass into the sodium silicate aqueous solution, and finally use acid to precipitate silica to obtain white carbon black.
  • the patent CN10287773B discloses a preparation method of white carbon black and white carbon black, which mainly uses water glass solution and concentrated sulfuric acid to mix to obtain a white carbon black synthetic liquid, and then performs subsequent processing to obtain a white carbon black product.
  • the patent 103435050A discloses a method for preparing white carbon black from monocrystalline silicon environmental protection waste mortar. After the waste mortar is pretreated, sodium hydroxide solution is added to the solid material to produce water glass and hydrogen; Add sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate to the solution, age, filter, wash, dry, and powder to make white carbon black.
  • the patent CN102746935B also discloses a method for recycling silicon cutting waste mortar.
  • the main process is to separate the waste mortar from solid and liquid, wash the solid with running water, vacuum filter, dry the obtained filter cake, mix it with deionized water and activate it.
  • the method mainly prepares silica sol from waste materials containing silicon.
  • the present invention provides a kind of method that reclaims waste silicon powder or directly utilizes industrial metal silicon powder to prepare white carbon black, and this method can also prepare high modulus water glass simultaneously.
  • the present invention also provides the white carbon black product prepared by the above method.
  • metal silicon reacts with water to form silicates and polysilicates; the solubility of silicates and polysilicates is relatively low, and when the concentration is high A polysilicic acid/silica precipitate will form.
  • the reaction between metal silicon and water is irreversible, and when the polysilicate formed reaches a certain concentration, polysilicate/silicon dioxide will inevitably precipitate out. Therefore, under suitable conditions, the reaction between metal silicon and water can theoretically continue until the metal silicon is completely reacted.
  • the present inventors found that when the metal silicon powder reacts to a certain extent, the precipitated polysilicic acid/silicon dioxide will be precipitated and adhered, thereby restraining its further reaction. And under certain conditions, it is not possible to produce continuous precipitation as desired, or no precipitation at all.
  • the inventor has explored the process parameters that metal silicon powder can fully react, and this reaction can continuously produce polysilicic acid/silicon dioxide precipitate, that is, one-step reaction can make white carbon black ( Referring to the process flow diagram shown in accompanying drawing 2). Further, the inventors also surprisingly found that under certain specific reaction parameters, in addition to the formation of silica precipitates, the resulting solution product is a high modulus water glass solution.
  • the present invention is in the way of treating the silica precipitate, because the silica precipitate will be attached to some alkaline solution, the pH value is between 9-11, only a small amount of acid is needed for neutralization, and then Washing, drying and crushing can get the finished white carbon black. Compared with the existing industrial production method of precipitated white carbon black, the acid consumption is greatly reduced.
  • the present invention develops a method for simultaneously preparing white carbon black and high modulus water glass from metallic silicon powder.
  • the specific reaction principle is as follows:
  • Si metallic silicon
  • a part of the reaction product is a precipitate product and a part is a solution product.
  • the solution product contains silicate/polysilicate and alkali metal ions, namely water glass solution.
  • the modulus of the solution product it is higher than the general water glass modulus, such as higher than 3.5, and further, it can stably reach 3.5 to 6, while the modulus of ordinary sodium water glass and potassium water glass is generally 2 to 3.5 .
  • Such high-modulus water glass has a very high market application value, and can be used again as an alkaline aqueous solution raw material in the reaction of the present invention, further reducing the cost input of the present invention and reducing salt by-products.
  • the metal silicon powder is hydrolyzed in an alkaline aqueous solution, and the reaction product is composed of a precipitate and a solution product; the precipitate is pickled, washed with water, dried, and pulverized to obtain white carbon black;
  • the mass content of silicon dioxide in the white carbon black is more than or equal to 90%; the solution product is high-modulus water glass, and its modulus is higher than 3.5, and generally can reach 3.5-6.
  • the reaction temperature of the reaction is: 80-100°C.
  • the pH value of the alkaline aqueous solution is ⁇ 10, such as 10, 10.5, 11, 11.6, 12, 12.7, 13, 13.5, 13.8, 14, etc., preferably, the pH value is 11-14; optionally, the pH value >14.
  • the feed ratio of the reaction is: the molar ratio of the silicon to the alkali metal in the alkaline aqueous solution is 2-5, such as 2, 2.4, 3, 4, 4.4, 4.8, 5 and the like. If sodium silicate (water glass) or potassium silicate (potassium water glass) is used, the calculation of the feeding ratio includes the silicon therein.
  • the alkaline aqueous solution is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, water glass or potassium water glass.
  • the pH value can be >14, such as the concentration is 1.01mol/L, 1.25mol/L, 1.5mol/L, 2mol/L, 2.6mol/L, 3mol /L.
  • the alkaline aqueous solution is one or more of water glass or potassium water glass; its modulus can be selected from 2.0-3.5, that is, general industrial grade water glass.
  • the reaction temperature of the reaction can be achieved by heating once, or by heating step by step. If the preset temperature is reached in two steps or in three steps, the reaction will be more gentle and sufficient.
  • the reaction temperature is 80-100°C; more preferably, the reaction temperature is 80-85°C or 85-90°C or 90-95°C or 95-100°C or 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C °C, 100 °C.
  • the above step-by-step heating method can choose two or three or more step-by-step heating at 80-100°C.
  • the reaction can also be preheated, for example, the alkaline aqueous solution can be preheated to 50-80° C. before adding metal silicon powder.
  • the alkaline aqueous solution can be preheated to 50-80° C. before adding metal silicon powder.
  • preheating to 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, etc.
  • the reaction requires stirring during the addition of silicon powder or during the reaction; the stirring rate is preferably 30-180 rpm. More preferably, the stirring rate is 60-120 rpm, such as 60 rpm, or 70 rpm, or 80 rpm, or 100 rpm, or 120 rpm.
  • the metal silicon powder is derived from industrial-grade metal silicon, or the waste mortar produced by cutting monocrystalline silicon wafers and polycrystalline silicon wafers, or the silicon powder after the metal is extracted from the slurry slag synthesized by organic silicon monomers, or the silicon powder of the aforementioned various silicon powders. mix.
  • the particle size of the metal silicon powder is ⁇ 400 mesh; the preferred particle size is ⁇ 1000 mesh; the more preferred particle size is ⁇ 2000 mesh.
  • the acid solution for pickling is one or more of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and its concentration is 2-15%wt; or it is ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or sulfuric acid Ammonium solid or solution; or pass carbon dioxide into the solution.
  • the amount of acid solution or carbon dioxide used in the pickling is to adjust the pH value of the solution to 7-9.
  • the specific surface area of the white carbon black product obtained by the above-mentioned treatment of the precipitate is 30-450m 2 /g, and the oil absorption value is 90-350ml/100g.
  • the solution product can be used as a raw material to further participate in the reaction for recycling, such as continuing to react with metal silicon powder as an alkaline aqueous solution, or continue to react with metal silicon powder after adding an appropriate amount of alkaline substances, or for other industrial purposes.
  • the present invention chooses the silicon wafer cutting industry and the organosilicon monomer synthesis industry that need a large amount of recycled silicon powder waste or chooses to directly use industrial-grade metal silicon powder.
  • a method for preparing white carbon black and high modulus water glass at the same time has been developed from metal silicon powder with market application value. The method not only has a short process and is convenient to operate, but also does not need to use a large amount of acid and does not generate a large amount of saline waste water, which can reduce environmental pollution and carbon emissions.
  • the product white carbon black can be widely used in aspects such as rubber, papermaking, toothpaste;
  • the present invention produces the water glass of high modulus simultaneously, also has extensive purposes, as adhesive, produces silica sol etc., compares common modulus A few water glass has a higher market value.
  • the molar ratio of feeding silicon to sodium is 2.4.
  • 770 g of the filtered clear filtrate had a pH of 10.5, contained SiO 2 18.1%, Na 2 O 3.55%, and a modulus of 5.2.
  • This process produces 1 ton of white carbon black, which is converted to consume 320 kg of 98% sulfuric acid.
  • the molar ratio of feeding silicon to sodium is 4.8.
  • Example 1 500 grams of the filtrate in Example 1, the pH is 10.5, the solution is heated to 80 ° C, and 25 grams of silicon powder (particle size is about 2000 mesh) cut from polycrystalline silicon wafers are added under stirring, and the stirring rate is 100 rpm. When the temperature reaches 90-95°C for 8 hours, the silicon powder is completely reacted, and a large amount of white precipitates are formed. The reaction product was filtered after cooling, and a white precipitate and a clear filtrate were filtered off.
  • 140 g of the filtered clear filtrate had a pH of 10.1, contained SiO 2 11.7%, Na 2 O 2.87%, and a modulus of 4.2.
  • This process produces 1 ton of white carbon black, equivalent to the consumption of 167 kg of 98% sulfuric acid.
  • the molar ratio of silicon and potassium in this feed intake is 4.4.
  • This process produces 1 ton of white carbon black, which is converted to consume 95 kg of 98% sulfuric acid.
  • the molar ratio of silicon and potassium in this feed intake is 2.4.
  • Modulus 3.40 1000 grams of industrial grade potassium silicate (potassium water glass) of solid content 36%, add 1000 milliliters of water, pH is 13.5, add 50 grams of industrial grade metal silicon powder (600 orders of particle size) under stirring, stirring speed is 60 revolutions per minute, raise the temperature to 90-95°C, and continue the reaction for 8 hours. The silicon powder is completely reacted and a white precipitate is formed. Filtration afforded a white precipitate and a clear filtrate.
  • the molar ratio of silicon to sodium in this feeding is 4.98.
  • the molar ratio of silicon and potassium in this feed intake is 1.94.
  • Modulus 3.40 1000 grams of industrial grade potassium silicate (potassium water glass) of solid content 36%, add 1000 milliliters of water, pH is 13.3, adds 15 grams of industrial grade metal silicon powder (800 orders of particle size) under stirring, stirring speed is 60 revolutions per minute, raise the temperature to 70-80°C, and continue the reaction for 12 hours.
  • the reaction system is off-white, indicating that the silicon powder has not completely reacted.
  • the molar ratio of feeding silicon to sodium is 5.2.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法及白炭黑,将金属硅粉在碱性水溶液中进行水解反应,反应产物由沉淀物与溶液产物构成;沉淀物经过酸洗、水洗、干燥、粉碎即得白炭黑;所述白炭黑中二氧化硅的质量含量≥90%;溶液产物是高模数水玻璃,其模数高于3.5。与沉淀法白炭黑工业生产方法比较,本发明的方法不仅流程简短,操作方便,而且不需要使用大量的酸,也不会产生大量的含盐废水,能够减少环境污染,降低碳排放。产物白炭黑可广泛应用于橡胶、造纸、牙膏等方面;另外,本发明同时生产高模数的水玻璃,也有广泛的用途,如作为粘合剂、生产硅溶胶等,相较于普通模数的水玻璃具有更高的市场价值。

Description

金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法及白炭黑 技术领域
本发明涉及金属硅粉应用领域,具体涉及通过工业金属硅粉或者回收的金属硅粉制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,及该方法制得的白炭黑产品。
背景技术
目前,在太阳能硅片、有机硅单体生产过程中,产生大量的粉状金属硅废料,主要来源于:太阳能硅片生产过程切割硅片时,产生约总质量30%的切割硅粉,这部分硅粉一般作为工业废弃物处理,未能充分利用。在有机硅单体生产过程,会产生大量的含硅浆渣,提取金属后产生的硅粉一般作为工业废弃物处理。如何有效回收利用金属硅粉废弃物是亟待解决的经济、环境、技术问题。
本行业公知的,单质硅是一种非金属元素,但习惯上还是称单晶硅、多晶硅为金属硅。金属硅与纯水在常态下几乎不反应,或者反应非常缓慢,而在碱性溶液中反应剧烈:
Si+2NaOH+H 2O=Na 2SiO 3+2H 2
现有公开专利中有涉及硅废料的回收利用技术,如先生成水玻璃(原理见上述反应式),再制备白炭黑。其方法是硅粉与强碱生成水玻璃,再用通用的工业生产方法生产白炭黑。沉淀法白炭黑的工业生产方法,通常是将稀水玻璃与稀酸混合,调节pH在7-9的范围,沉淀出二氧化硅,经洗涤、干燥、粉碎后为成品白炭黑。生产过程需要使用大量的硫酸、盐酸等,产生大量的含盐废水,如使用模数为3.3的水玻璃为原料,每生产一吨白炭黑大约消耗480公斤98%硫酸(参见附图1:沉淀法白炭黑的业生产流程示意图)。
如专利CN101691216B公开了一种从线切割废砂浆中回收碳化硅联产白 炭黑的方法。该方法中涉及到砂浆中的硅粉的回收利用,使用了目前最常规的两步法生产白炭黑,具体为:先将硅粉与高浓度氢氧化钠水溶液反应,生成硅酸钠,然后在硅酸钠水溶液中加入少量高模数水玻璃,最后用酸析出二氧化硅沉淀即得白炭黑。
反应1:
Figure PCTCN2022097701-appb-000001
反应2:Na 2O·mSiO 2+2HCl→2NaCl+mSiO 2·nH 2O↓     (2)
如专利CN10287773B公开了一种白炭黑的制备方法及白炭黑,主要利用水玻璃溶液与浓硫酸混合得到白炭黑合成液,再进行后续处理得到白炭黑产品。
如专利103435050A中公开了一种从单晶硅环保废砂浆中制备白炭黑的方法,将废砂浆预处理后,在固态料中加入氢氧化钠溶液,生产水玻璃及氢气;再在水玻璃溶液中加碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾,陈化后过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉粹制成白炭黑。
另外,专利CN102746935B还公开了一种硅切割废砂浆回收利用的方法,主要工序为将废砂浆固液分离,固体流水洗、真空抽滤,将所得滤饼烘干,与去离子水混合并活化反应;先后加入水玻璃、氢氧化钠,加热反应;所得产物固液分离,将所得液相通过离子交换树脂脱色、蒸馏得到硅溶胶。该方法主要是通过含硅的废料制备硅溶胶。
其反应原理如下,
Figure PCTCN2022097701-appb-000002
mSiO 5+nH 2SiO 5→(m+n)SiO 2+(m+n)OH -
Figure PCTCN2022097701-appb-000003
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种回收利用废硅粉或者直接利用工业金属硅粉 来制备白炭黑的方法,并且该方法还能同时制备高模数水玻璃。本发明还提供上述方法制得的白炭黑产品。
具体的,基于单质硅的化学性质:在碱性条件下,金属硅与水反应,生成硅酸盐、多硅酸盐;硅酸盐、多硅酸盐的溶解度比较低,浓度高的情况下会析出多聚硅酸/二氧化硅沉淀。而金属硅与水反应是不可逆的,生成的多硅酸盐达到一定浓度,必然会沉淀出多聚硅酸/二氧化硅。因此,在合适的条件下,理论上金属硅与水的反应可以持续进行,直到金属硅完全反应。但在实际实验中本发明人发现,金属硅粉在反应到一定程度时会被析出的多聚硅酸/二氧化硅沉淀附着,而遏制其继续反应。而在某些条件下,也并不能如愿产生持续的沉淀,或者根本不产生沉淀物。
通过大量的实验与探索,本发明人摸索出金属硅粉能够完全反应的工艺参数,且该反应能够持续生产多聚硅酸/二氧化硅沉淀物,即一步反应就能制得白炭黑(参见附图2所示的工艺流程图)。更进一步的,本发明人还惊喜的发现在某些特定的反应参数下,除了生成二氧化硅沉淀物,同时生成的溶液产物是高模数水玻璃溶液。
进一步的,本发明在对二氧化硅沉淀物的处理方式上,因为二氧化硅沉淀物会附着一些碱性溶液,PH值在9-11之间,仅需少量的酸进行中和,之后再水洗、干燥、粉碎即可得到白炭黑成品。相较于现有沉淀法白炭黑工业生产方法,其酸用量大幅减少。
因此,本发明开发出一种金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法。具体反应原理如下:
Si+OH -+H 2O→(Si xO y) a-+SiO 2↓+H 2
Si:金属硅;
OH -:氢氧根离子,由溶液中的碱性物质提供;
(Si xO y) a-:反应完成后溶液中的硅酸根、多硅酸根;a=2,4,6;y=(4x–a)/2;
SiO 2:反应生成的二氧化硅沉淀;
H 2:反应生成的氢气。
通过上述反应原理可知,反应产物一部分为沉淀物产物,一部分为溶液产物。溶液产物含有硅酸根/多硅酸根和碱金属离子,即水玻璃溶液。通过测定溶液产物的模数,其高于一般的水玻璃模数,如高于3.5,进一步的,能稳定达到3.5~6,而普通钠水玻璃和钾水玻璃的模数一般为2~3.5。这样的高模数水玻璃具有非常高的市场应用价值,而且在本发明的反应中还能再次作为碱性水溶液原料使用,进一步减少本发明的成本投入,减少盐类副产物。
具体反应过程如下:
金属硅粉在碱性水溶液中进行水解反应,反应产物由沉淀物与溶液产物构成;沉淀物进行酸洗、水洗、干燥、粉碎即得白炭黑;
所述白炭黑中二氧化硅的质量含量≥90%;溶液产物是高模数水玻璃,其模数高于3.5,一般能达到3.5~6。
所述反应的反应温度为:80~100℃。
所述碱性水溶液的PH值为≥10,如选择10,10.5,11,11.6,12,12.7,13,13.5,13.8,14等,优选的,PH值11~14;可选的,PH值>14。
所述反应的投料比为:硅与碱性水溶液中的碱金属的摩尔比为2~5,如选择2,2.4,3,4,4.4,4.8,5等。如果使用硅酸钠(水玻璃)、硅酸钾(钾水玻璃),投料比计算包含其中的硅。
优选的,所述碱性水溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、水玻璃或者钾水玻璃中的一种或多种。当选择氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾制成碱性水溶液时,PH值可>14,如浓度为1.01mol/L,1.25mol/L,1.5mol/L,2mol/L,2.6mol/L,3mol/L。
更优选的,所述碱性水溶液为水玻璃或者钾水玻璃中的一种或多种;其模数可选择2.0-3.5,即一般工业级水玻璃。
优选的,所述反应的反应温度可一次加热达到,也可分步分阶梯加热达到。如分两步达到预设的温度或分三步达到预设的温度,反应更加温和、充分。
优选的,所述反应温度为80~100℃;更优选的,反应温度为80~85℃或85~90℃或90~95℃或95~100℃或80℃,85℃,90℃,95℃,100℃。上述分步分阶梯加热的方式可在80~100℃中选两个或三个或更多阶梯分步加热。
优选的,还可通过对所述反应进行预加热,如可先对碱性水溶液预加热至50-80℃再加入金属硅粉。如预热至50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃等。
优选的,所述反应在加硅粉过程中或者反应过程中还需搅拌;搅拌速率优选为30-180转/分钟。更优选的,搅拌速率60-120转/分钟,如选择60转/分钟、或70转/分钟,或80转/分钟,或100转/分钟,或120转/分钟。
所述金属硅粉来源于工业级金属硅,或者单晶硅片切割、多晶硅片切割产生的废砂浆,或者有机硅单体合成的浆渣提取金属之后的硅粉,或者前述各种硅粉的混合。
优选的,所述金属硅粉的粒度≥400目;优选的粒度为≥1000目;更优选的粒度为≥2000目。
在对沉淀物的处理过程中,所述酸洗的酸溶液为硝酸、盐酸或硫酸水溶液中的一种或多种,其浓度为2~15%wt;或者为硝酸铵、氯化铵或硫酸铵的固体或者溶液;或者在溶液中通入二氧化碳。
所述酸洗的酸溶液用量或者二氧化碳用量为调整溶液pH值到7-9。
上述对沉淀物进行处理得到的白炭黑产品比表面积为30-450m 2/g,吸油值为90-350ml/100g。
进一步的,溶液产物可作为原料进一步参与反应进行循环利用,如作为碱性水溶液继续与金属硅粉反应,或者补加适量碱性物质后继续跟金属硅粉反应,或者用作其他工业用途。
综上,本发明选择硅片切割行业、有机硅单体合成行业需要大量回收的硅粉废料或者选择直接使用工业级金属硅的粉,在追求收益与成本投入比值最大的情况下,关注更简单的工艺流程,更低廉的原料成本,更高价值的产物,开发出一种非常具有市场应用价值的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法。该方法不仅流程简短,操作方便,而且不需要使用大量的酸,也不会产生大量的含盐废水,能够减少环境污染,降低碳排放。产物白炭黑可广泛应用于橡胶、造纸、牙膏等方面;另外,本发明同时生产高模数的水玻璃,也有广泛的用途,如作为粘合剂、生产硅溶胶等,相较于普通模数的水玻璃具有更高的市场价值。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,详细说明如下。
附图说明
附图1:沉淀法白炭黑的工业生产流程示意图;
附图2:本发明实施例方法生成白炭黑的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本次投料硅与钠的摩尔比为2.4。
固含量34%的水玻璃(模数为2.6)1000克,加入2000毫升水稀释,溶液pH值是11.6。开始加热溶液,温度升至50℃,搅拌下加入120克单晶硅片切割的硅粉(粒度大约2000目),搅拌速率为60转/分钟。硅粉加完后保持80-90℃ 持续反应5小时,硅粉完全反应,有大量白色沉淀生成。反应产物冷却后过滤,过滤出白色沉淀和澄清滤液。
搅拌下,白色沉淀加入10%的硫酸溶液,直到pH值为8,用量约为1100克。过滤出固体,再用1000毫升去离子水洗涤两次,过滤出来的白色沉淀物放入烘箱中120℃烘干2小时,重量为332克。烘干后的固体粉碎,过320目筛。分析表明,产物中二氧化硅含量为94.8%,比表面积为197m 2/g,吸油值为143ml/100g。
过滤出的澄清滤液770克,pH为10.5,含有SiO 218.1%,Na 2O 3.55%,模数为5.2。
此工艺每生产1吨白炭黑,折合计算为消耗320公斤98%硫酸。
实施例2
本次投料硅与钠的摩尔比为4.8。
实施例1中的滤液500克,pH为10.5,溶液加热到80℃,搅拌下加入25克多晶硅片切割的硅粉(粒度大约2000目),搅拌速率为100转/分钟,加完后升高温度到90-95℃反应8小时,硅粉完全反应,有大量白色沉淀生成。反应产物冷却后过滤,过滤出白色沉淀和澄清滤液。
白色沉淀加入300毫升水搅拌均匀,逐步加入固体硫酸铵,直到pH为9,用量约为60克。过滤出固体,再用300毫升去离子水洗涤两次,过滤出来的白色沉淀物放入烘箱中120℃烘干2小时,称重为132克。产物分析表明,二氧化硅含量为95.3%,比表面积为55m 2/g,吸油值为121ml/100g。
过滤出的澄清滤液140克,pH为10.1,含有SiO 211.7%,Na 2O 2.87%,模数为4.2。
此工艺每生产1吨白炭黑,折合计算为消耗167公斤98%硫酸。
实施例3
本次投料中硅与钾的摩尔比为4.4。
化学纯氢氧化钾40克加入1000毫升水溶解,浓度为0.7mol/L,pH为13.8。溶液加热到60℃,搅拌下加入95克有机硅单体合成浆渣提取金属之后的硅粉(粒度大约800目),搅拌速率为120转/分钟,加完后升温至85-90℃,持续反应8小时,硅粉完全反应,有白色沉淀生成。反应产物冷却后过滤,过滤出白色沉淀和澄清滤液。
搅拌下白色沉淀加入5%的盐酸溶液,调节pH为8,用量约为600克,静止1小时后过滤,再用300毫升去离子水洗涤两次,过滤出来的白色沉淀物放入烘箱中120℃烘干2小时,称重123克。产物分析表明,二氧化硅含量为93.7%,比表面积为31m 2/g,吸油值为108ml/100g。
过滤出澄清滤液350克,pH为12.7,含有SiO 214.9%,K 2O 5.88%,模数为5.2。
此工艺每生产1吨白炭黑,折合计算为消耗95公斤98%硫酸。
实施例4
本次投料中硅与钾的摩尔比为2.4。
模数3.40,固含量36%的工业级硅酸钾(钾水玻璃)1000克,加入1000毫升水,pH为13.5,搅拌下加入50克工业级金属硅粉(粒度600目),搅拌速率为60转/分钟,升温到90~95℃,持续反应8小时,硅粉完全反应,有白色沉淀生成。过滤,得到白色沉淀和澄清滤液。
白色沉淀加入1000毫升水,搅拌,通入二氧化碳气体,直到pH值为7,继续搅拌1小时后过滤,再用500毫升去离子水洗涤两次,过滤出来的白色沉淀物放入烘箱中120℃烘干2小时,称重197克。产物分析表明,二氧化硅含量为90.9%,比表面积为141m 2/g,吸油值为255ml/100g。
过滤出澄清滤液890克,pH为12.3,含有SiO 215.6%,K 2O 5.71%,模数为4.4。
实施例5
本次投料中硅与钠的摩尔比为4.98。
分析纯氢氧化钠50克加入1000毫升水溶解,浓度为1.25mol/L,pH大于14。溶液加热到70℃,搅拌下加入180克工业级硅粉(粒度大约400目),搅拌速率为160转/分钟。加完硅粉后升温至80-90℃,并逐渐加入200毫升水,持续反应4小时;升温至90-100℃,再逐渐加入500毫升水,持续反应2小时,硅粉完全反应,有大量白色沉淀生成。反应产物冷却后过滤,过滤出白色沉淀和澄清滤液。
搅拌下白色沉淀加入10%的硝酸溶液,调节pH为8,用量约为360克,1小时后过滤,再用1000毫升去离子水洗涤两次,过滤出来的白色沉淀物放入烘箱中120℃烘干2小时,称重307克。产物分析表明,二氧化硅含量为95.4%,比表面积为42m 2/g,吸油值为110ml/100g。
过滤出澄清滤液410克,pH为10.4,含有SiO 215.3%,Na 2O 5.09%,模数为4.8。
对比例1
本次投料中硅与钾的摩尔比为1.94。
模数3.40,固含量36%的工业级硅酸钾(钾水玻璃)1000克,加入1000毫升水,pH为13.3,搅拌下加入15克工业级金属硅粉(粒度800目),搅拌速率为60转/分钟,升温到70~80℃,持续反应12小时,反应体系呈灰白色,表明硅粉没有完全反应。
升温到80~90℃,继续反应2小时,反应体系近似透明,几乎没有可见的沉淀物,硅粉完全反应。
冷却后,得到1710克略浑浊的溶液,几乎没有可见的沉淀物,含有SiO 216.3%,K 2O 5.96%,模数为3.9。
对比例2
本次投料硅与钠的摩尔比为5.2。
固含量34%的水玻璃(模数为2.6)1000克,加入3000毫升水稀释,溶液pH值是10.7。开始加热溶液,温度升至70℃,搅拌下加入400克单晶硅片切割的硅粉(粒度大约2000目),搅拌速率为60转/分钟。硅粉加完后保持80-90℃持续反应,大约2小时左右,产生灰白色块状物。温度升至90-100℃,逐渐加入500毫升水,继续反应24小时,仍然有大量的灰白色块状物,说明硅粉没有完全反应。
以上所述仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明创造,凡在本发明创造的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换等,均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    金属硅粉在碱性水溶液中进行水解反应,反应产物由沉淀物与溶液产物构成;沉淀物经过酸洗、水洗、干燥、粉碎即得白炭黑;
    所述白炭黑中二氧化硅的质量含量≥90%;溶液产物是高模数水玻璃,其模数高于3.5;
    所述反应的反应温度为:80~100℃;
    所述碱性水溶液的PH值为≥10;
    所述反应的投料比为:硅与碱性水溶液中的碱金属的摩尔比为2~5。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述碱性水溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、水玻璃或者钾水玻璃中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述碱性水溶液为水玻璃或者钾水玻璃中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述碱性水溶液PH值为11~14或PH值>14。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述反应温度可一次加热达到,也可分步分阶梯加热达到。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    还可对所述反应进行预加热,如先对碱性水溶液加热至50-80℃再加入金属硅粉。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述反应在加硅粉过程中或者反应过程中还需搅拌;搅拌速率优选为30-180转/分钟。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述金属硅粉来源于工业级金属硅,或者单晶硅片切割、多晶硅片切割产生的废砂浆,或者有机硅单体合成的浆渣提取金属之后的硅粉,或者前述各种硅粉的混合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述金属硅粉的粒度≥400目;优选的粒度为≥1000目;更优选的粒度为≥2000目。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述酸洗的酸溶液为硝酸、盐酸或硫酸水溶液中的一种或多种,其浓度为2~15%wt;或者为硝酸铵、氯化铵或硫酸铵的固体或者溶液;或者在溶液中通入二氧化碳。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述酸洗的酸溶液用量或者二氧化碳用量为调整溶液pH值到7-9。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法,其特征在于:
    所述溶液产物作为原料进一步参与反应进行循环利用。
  13. 一种白炭黑,其特征在于:所述白炭黑由权利要求1-12任一项所述的金属硅粉同时制备白炭黑和高模数水玻璃的方法制得。
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