WO2023245819A1 - 端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023245819A1
WO2023245819A1 PCT/CN2022/109650 CN2022109650W WO2023245819A1 WO 2023245819 A1 WO2023245819 A1 WO 2023245819A1 CN 2022109650 W CN2022109650 W CN 2022109650W WO 2023245819 A1 WO2023245819 A1 WO 2023245819A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid injection
hole
hole section
cover
section
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/109650
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尚志同
温耀铃
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023245819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023245819A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and in particular to an end cover, an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • a liquid injection hole is usually opened on the end cover of the battery cell from top to bottom. After the electrolyte is injected, a sealing nail is used to seal the liquid injection hole.
  • Existing batteries have the problem of low sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole.
  • the present application provides an end cap, an end cap assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can solve the problem of low sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole.
  • the present application provides an end cover for a battery cell.
  • the end cover includes a cover body.
  • the cover body has liquid injection holes penetrating both sides of the cover body in the thickness direction.
  • the liquid injection holes include a first hole section and a second hole section. Hole segments, the first hole segment and the second hole segment are opened from top to bottom along the thickness direction of the cover body, and the two ends of the first hole segment and the second hole segment that are close to each other are connected.
  • the first hole section is used to accommodate the liquid injection nozzle, and at least part of the hole wall is in contact with the outer wall of the liquid injection nozzle and is structured to form an anti-overflow area, and the anti-overflow area is located above the liquid injection port in the liquid injection nozzle.
  • the electrolyte flowing out from the liquid injection nozzle is completely blocked by the overflow prevention area and will not overflow outside the overflow prevention area, thereby allowing all the electrolyte liquid flowing out through the liquid injection nozzle to pass through the third
  • the two-hole section flows smoothly into the battery cell without remaining in the liquid injection hole. In this way, it is possible to avoid welding defects at the sealing nail weld due to vaporization of the electrolyte remaining in the liquid injection hole, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole caused by welding defects.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section is completely attached to the outer wall of the liquid injection nozzle, and the liquid injection opening of the liquid injection nozzle extends into the second hole section.
  • the overflow prevention area formed by the first hole section and the liquid injection nozzle is larger, and the overflow prevention effect is good.
  • the liquid filling port of the liquid filling nozzle directly extends into the second hole section, and the electrolyte is discharged from the liquid filling mouth and directly enters the second hole section, which can shorten the distance for the electrolyte to enter the inside of the battery cell, and at the same time avoid electrolysis. Liquid remains on the hole wall of the first hole section.
  • the hole diameter of the first hole section gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the end connecting the second hole section and the first hole section is the first junction end, and the hole diameter of the first junction end is equal to or larger than the first hole section. the minimum aperture.
  • the liquid injection hole further includes a third hole section, and the first hole section is connected between the third hole section and the second hole section.
  • one end connecting the third hole section and the first hole section is the second junction end, and the aperture of the second junction end is equal to or greater than the maximum aperture of the first hole section.
  • an included angle between the hole wall of the first hole section and the thickness direction of the cover is a first included angle ⁇ , where 0° ⁇ 45°.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section is an inclined straight wall, which is convenient for processing.
  • the first included angle ⁇ is in the range of 0° to 45°, the hole wall of the first hole section has less resistance to the electrolyte, which facilitates the electrolyte entering the first hole section to smoothly flow to the second hole section under its own weight. hole section to prevent the electrolyte from sticking to the hole wall of the first hole section.
  • the cover body includes a cover part and a liquid injection platform.
  • the cover part has a structural surface that is away from the interior of the battery cell.
  • the liquid injection platform is protruding from the structural surface, and the liquid injection hole passes through the cover part and the liquid injection platform. Filling station.
  • a liquid injection platform is protruding from the cover, which can not only extend the length of the liquid injection hole, but also increase the matching area between the first seal and the liquid injection hole, thereby improving the effectiveness of the primary seal and the durability of the first seal.
  • the installation stability is high.
  • the second sealing member and the liquid injection platform can be bent to form a circuitous path to improve the sealing reliability and sealing effect of the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection platform has an outer peripheral side wall, the outer peripheral side wall is arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole, and a curling groove that is recessed toward the liquid injection hole is configured on the outer peripheral side wall.
  • the second seal can be sealingly connected with the groove wall, part of the outer peripheral side wall and all end walls of the crimping groove.
  • the sealing area between the liquid injection table and the second seal is greatly increased.
  • the sealing area of the crimping groove, the outer peripheral side wall And the roundabout route formed by the end wall improves the sealing effect of the second seal.
  • the provision of the crimping groove can also strengthen the fixation between the second sealing member and the liquid injection platform.
  • the cover is configured with an escape groove that is recessed toward the interior of the battery cell, and the bottom surface of the escape groove serves as the structural surface.
  • the setting of the avoidance groove can reduce the protruding height of the liquid injection table or even not protrude, which can reduce the impact of the liquid filling table on the outside and also prevent the liquid filling table from being damaged by the outside.
  • the escape groove can provide a larger operating space.
  • the recessed depth of the crimping groove is a first dimension D1
  • the width of the crimping groove in the thickness direction is a second dimension D2
  • the side wall of the relief groove opposite to the bottom of the crimping groove is a third dimension.
  • D3 On one side wall, in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, the distance between the bottom of the crimping groove and the first side wall is the third dimension D3.
  • Tests have proven that when the first dimension D1, the second dimension D2 and the third dimension D3 are within the above range, when crimping the second seal, there is a larger space for crimping, which facilitates the crimping of the second seal.
  • the pieces are rolled.
  • the end cover further includes a baffle, which is disposed on a side of the cover facing the inside of the battery cell and blocks the flow path of the electrolyte from the liquid injection hole to the inside of the battery cell.
  • the baffle can prevent the fast-flowing electrolyte from directly impacting the electrode assembly and damaging the electrode assembly.
  • the present application provides an end cap assembly for a battery cell.
  • the end cap assembly includes a first seal, a second seal and the end cap provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the first sealing member is disposed in the liquid injection hole and blocks the first hole section and the second hole section.
  • the second sealing member covers the side of the first sealing member away from the inside of the battery cell and is sealingly connected with the cover.
  • the structure of the liquid injection hole forms a structure that allows the electrolyte to flow into the interior of the battery cell without any obstacles, the electrolyte will basically not remain in the liquid injection hole, so that the liquid injection hole is re-sealed.
  • welding the second sealing member welding defects will not occur due to the vaporized electrolyte penetrating the molten pool, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole caused by welding defects.
  • the cover body includes a cover part and a liquid injection platform.
  • the cover part has a structural surface that is away from the inside of the battery cell.
  • the liquid injection platform is protruding from the structural surface, and the liquid injection hole passes through the cover part and the liquid injection platform. liquid hole.
  • the second sealing member has a connected first sealing part and a second sealing part, the first sealing part covers a side of the first sealing member away from the inside of the battery cell, and the second sealing part faces the battery cell relative to the first sealing part.
  • the inside of the body is bent and connected to the outer peripheral side wall of the liquid injection platform in a sealed manner.
  • the second sealing member performs secondary sealing through the first sealing part and the second sealing part, resulting in a large sealing area and good sealing effect.
  • the first sealing part and the second sealing part are bent and arranged to form a circuitous sealing path, which further improves the sealing effect.
  • the outer peripheral side wall is arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole, and a curling groove that is recessed toward the liquid injection hole is configured on the outer peripheral side wall.
  • the second sealing part includes a connected first curling section and a second curling section.
  • the first curling section is connected to the first sealing part and is bent toward the inside of the battery cell relative to the first sealing part.
  • the first curling section The edge section is sealingly connected to the outer peripheral side wall of the liquid injection platform, and the second crimping section is bent toward the liquid injection hole relative to the first crimping section and is sealingly connected in the crimping groove.
  • the second seal can be sealingly connected with the groove wall, part of the outer peripheral side wall and all end walls of the crimping groove.
  • the sealing area between the liquid injection table and the second seal is greatly increased.
  • the sealing area of the crimping groove, the outer peripheral side wall And the roundabout route formed by the end wall improves the sealing effect of the second seal.
  • the hook-shaped structure formed by the first sealing part, the first crimping section and the second crimping section can also strengthen the fixation between the second sealing member and the liquid injection platform.
  • the second sealing member includes a stacked hot-melt layer and a thermally conductive layer, the hot-melt layer is located between the thermally conductive layer and the cover, and the hot-melt layer is configured to melt when heated to sealingly connect the thermally conductive layer and the cover.
  • a hot-melt layer is used to bond the thermal conductive layer and the liquid injection platform (and/or the first seal). Since its hot-melt temperature is much lower than the high temperature generated during welding, it can alleviate or even avoid the vaporization of the electrolyte. , thus avoiding the problem that the vaporized electrolyte penetrates the hot-melt layer and reduces the bonding strength and affects the sealing effect.
  • the first sealing member includes a main body portion and a positioning portion adjacent along the thickness direction.
  • the main body portion is sealingly fitted in the liquid injection hole, and the positioning portion is located outside the liquid injection hole and overlaps the cover body away from the battery. on the surface inside the monomer.
  • the second sealing member is sealingly covered on the positioning part. In this way, it can be judged whether the first sealing member is installed in place according to whether the positioning part overlaps with the cover body, making the installation of the first sealing member more convenient.
  • the first seal further includes a limiting part located outside the liquid injection hole, the main body part is connected between the limiting part and the positioning part, and the limiting part is against the surface of the cover facing the inside of the battery cell.
  • the first sealing member is installed in place, it is limited on the cover body through its positioning part and limiting part, which can effectively prevent the first sealing member from falling off.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including a case, an electrode assembly and an end cap assembly in any of the above embodiments.
  • the case is enclosed to form a receiving cavity with an opening, and the electrode assembly is received in the receiving cavity.
  • the end cap is closed over the opening.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid injection nozzle used in conjunction with an end cap in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cover in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the end cap in a liquid injection state in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the end cap in a liquid injection state in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a partial end view of the cover in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is an assembly diagram of the cover and the first seal in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is an assembly diagram of the cover body, the first sealing member and the second sealing member in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the first seal in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a state diagram of the second seal in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is an exploded schematic diagram of an end cap in some embodiments of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace.
  • the injection hole is usually designed with a step.
  • the injection hole of the injection nozzle is supported on the step.
  • the injection hole Electrolyte is likely to remain on the steps. It is usually impossible to effectively remove the electrolyte remaining at the corners of the steps.
  • another seal is usually laser welded to the outside of the liquid injection hole for secondary sealing.
  • the electrolyte is easy to vaporize and rush out of the molten pool, causing welding defects such as pinholes and burst points, resulting in reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole.
  • a structure is designed so that the electrolyte can communicate with the liquid injection hole without any obstacles, so that all the electrolyte entering the liquid injection hole can flow into the battery cell without any obstacles, without remaining in the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole on the end cover includes a first hole section and a second hole section opened from top to bottom. hole section, the two ends of the two hole sections that are close to each other are connected.
  • the liquid injection nozzle fits the hole wall of the first hole section to prevent the electrolyte from overflowing through the first hole section, so that all the electrolyte can pass through the second hole section.
  • the hole section enters the inside of the battery cell to alleviate the problem of reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole caused by sealing nail welding defects caused by electrolyte residue.
  • the end caps disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used to prepare battery cells.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system including the battery cells, batteries, etc. disclosed in this application can be used to form the electrical device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application is used as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or sealing part of the fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 , and the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cells 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a space for accommodating the battery cells 20 of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 is covered with the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 First, the battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cap assembly 21 , a case 22 , an electrode assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the housing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap assembly 21 may be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cover assembly 21 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 20 can have better performance. With high structural strength, safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap assembly 21 may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals 21d.
  • the electrode terminal 21d may be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cap assembly 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the end cap assembly 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulating member may also be provided inside the end cover assembly 21, and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover assembly 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the housing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap assembly 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23 , electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover assembly 21 may be independent components.
  • An opening may be provided on the housing 22 and the end cover assembly 21 covers the opening at the opening to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing. When the housing 22 needs to be packaged, When inside, the end cover assembly 21 is then closed with the housing 22 .
  • the housing 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the sealing portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, and the sealing portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material each constitute the tabs.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body. During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the positive active material and negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap 21a in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap 21a shown in Figure 4.
  • the end cover 21a provided by this application is used for the battery 100.
  • the end cover 21a includes a cover body a1, and the cover body a1 has two sides extending through the thickness direction F of the cover body.
  • the liquid injection hole k includes a first hole section k1 and a second hole section k2.
  • the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 are opened from top to bottom along the thickness direction F of the cover body a1.
  • the two ends of the hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 that are close to each other are connected.
  • the first hole section k1 is used to accommodate the liquid injection nozzle 400, and at least part of the hole wall is in contact with the outer wall of the liquid injection nozzle 400 and is structured to form an anti-overflow area.
  • the anti-overflow area is located at the liquid injection port 403 of the liquid injection nozzle 400. above.
  • the cover a1 is a structure that can enclose together with the case 22 of the battery cell 20 to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the liquid injection hole k is opened on the cover body a1 and communicates with the inside and outside of the battery cell 20 to allow external electrolyte to be injected into the battery cell 20 .
  • the cover body a1 may be in the shape of a plate, a block, etc., and is not specifically limited.
  • the thickness direction F of the cover a1 corresponds to the vertical direction.
  • the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 are opened from top to bottom, which means that the first hole section k1 is connected above the second hole section k2.
  • the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 can be arranged coaxially or eccentrically.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 will be described below as an example, that is, liquid injection
  • the hole k has a central axis provided along the thickness direction F.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid injection nozzle 400 used in conjunction with the end cap 21a in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the liquid injection nozzle 400 refers to a component that can be connected to an electrolyte supply source and has a liquid injection port 403 that allows the electrolyte to flow from its interior to the liquid injection hole k.
  • the liquid injection port 403 serves as the output of the liquid injection nozzle 400.
  • the position is connected to the inside of the liquid injection nozzle 400 and liquid injection.
  • the liquid injection nozzle 400 is constructed with a flow channel 401 that connects the electrolyte supply source and the liquid injection hole k.
  • the liquid injection port 403 is located at the outlet of the flow channel 401.
  • the liquid filling nozzle 400 is at least partially accommodated in the first hole section k1, and the liquid filling nozzle 400 is attached to at least part of the hole wall of the first hole section k1 to form an overflow prevention area.
  • the liquid filling port 403 of 400 is located below the overflow prevention area.
  • the hole wall in the first hole section k1 that is in contact with the liquid injection nozzle 400 is continuously arranged around the central axis of the liquid injection hole k, so that there is a gap between the liquid injection nozzle 400 and the hole wall that is in contact with itself.
  • the connection can be sealed to form an anti-overflow area to prevent the electrolyte flowing out from the liquid injection port 403 from flowing upward from the gap between the liquid injection nozzle 400 and the hole wall and leaking out of the anti-overflow area.
  • the electrolyte flowing out from the liquid injection nozzle 400 is completely blocked by the overflow prevention area and will not overflow outside the overflow prevention area, thereby allowing all the electrolyte liquid flowing out through the liquid injection nozzle 400 to pass through the second hole.
  • the segment k2 flows smoothly into the battery cell 20 without remaining in the liquid injection hole k. In this way, it is possible to avoid welding defects at the sealing nail weld due to the vaporization of the electrolyte remaining in the liquid injection hole k, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole k caused by the welding defects.
  • the hole diameter of the end of the first hole section k1 connected to the second hole section k2 is smaller than or equal to the hole diameter of the end of the second hole section k2 connected to the first hole section k1 .
  • the two hole walls directly connected to the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 are the first hole wall and the second hole wall respectively.
  • the hole diameter of one end of the first hole section k1 connected to the second hole section k2 is larger than the second hole
  • segment k2 connects the aperture of one end of first hole segment k1 an inner step structure will be formed between the first hole wall and the second hole wall.
  • the hole diameter of the end of the first hole section k1 connected to the second hole section k2 is smaller than or equal to the hole diameter of the end of the second hole section k2 connected to the first hole section k1, which can prevent the electrolyte from being retained at the inner step.
  • the electrolyte can flow from the second hole section k2 to the first hole section k1 without any obstruction.
  • the arrangement of the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 can exclude the following methods: the center of the first hole wall and the liquid injection hole k When the axis is vertical, the inner step structure formed by the hole walls except the first hole wall in the first hole section k1 and the first hole wall, and when the first hole wall is inclined from bottom to top relative to the central axis of the liquid injection hole k , the inner step structure formed by the hole wall outside the first hole wall in the first hole section k1 and the first hole wall, and the top-down structure formed on the first hole wall when the first hole wall extends from top to bottom. Lower recessed groove/double hole structure, etc.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section k1 extends from top to bottom as a whole.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section k1 can be from top to bottom. It can be arranged in a straight wall/inclined wall extending from top to bottom, or it can be arranged in an arc-shaped wall extending from top to bottom, or it can be arranged in a wavy wall extending from top to bottom, as long as there is no structure that retains the electrolyte and the electrolysis
  • the liquid can smoothly flow into the second hole section k2 along the hole wall of the first hole section k1 under its own weight.
  • the first hole section k1 can accommodate the liquid injection nozzle 400, and its hole wall and the liquid injection nozzle 400 form an overflow prevention area.
  • the electrolyte flowing out from the liquid injection nozzle 400 can directly enter the second hole section k2 or It can flow into the second hole section k2 through the first hole section k1 without any obstruction. In this way, it is possible to avoid welding defects at the sealing nail weld due to the vaporization of the electrolyte remaining in the liquid injection hole k, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole k caused by the welding defects.
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cover body a1 in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the end cover 21a in a liquid injection state in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section k1 is completely attached to the outer wall (such as the mating surface 402) of the liquid injection nozzle 400, and the liquid injection port 403 of the liquid injection nozzle 400 extends Enter the second hole section k2.
  • complete fit means that all the hole walls of the first hole section k1 are in fit with the outer wall (such as the mating surface 402) of the liquid injection nozzle 400.
  • the overflow prevention area formed by the first hole section k1 and the liquid injection nozzle 400 is larger, and the overflow prevention effect is good.
  • the liquid injection port 403 of the liquid injection nozzle 400 directly extends into the second hole section k2, and the electrolyte is discharged from the liquid injection port 403 and directly enters the second hole section k2, which can shorten the time for the electrolyte to enter the inside of the battery cell 20. distance, and at the same time, the electrolyte can be prevented from remaining on the hole wall of the first hole section k1.
  • part of the hole wall of the first hole segment k1 may be in contact with the outer wall (such as the mating surface 402) of the liquid injection nozzle 400, and the liquid injection nozzle 400 may extend into the first hole segment k1.
  • the liquid filling port 403 of the liquid filling nozzle 400 is disposed downward, allowing the electrolyte to flow directly into the battery cell 20 .
  • the liquid filling port 403 of the liquid filling nozzle 400 can also be provided on the side wall of the liquid filling nozzle 400 and opened toward the hole wall of the first hole section k1 or the hole wall of the second hole section k2. In this case, part of the electrolyte will flow along the side wall of the liquid filling nozzle 400.
  • the hole walls of the first hole section k1 and/or the second hole section k2 flow into the interior of the battery cell 20 .
  • the hole diameter of the second hole section k2 is equal everywhere, so that the electrolyte will not remain on the hole wall of the second hole section k2 and it is more convenient to install the first seal 21b.
  • the pore diameter of the second hole section k2 can also gradually increase from top to bottom, or take other forms, as long as the electrolyte is not likely to remain.
  • the hole diameter of the first hole section k1 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the end connecting the second hole section k2 and the first hole section k1 is the first junction end.
  • the hole diameter of the first junction end is equal to or larger than the minimum hole diameter of the first hole section k1.
  • the situation in which the hole diameter of the first hole section k1 gradually decreases from top to bottom includes: the hole wall of the first hole section k1 is in the form of an inclined wall with a gradually decreasing hole diameter; the hole wall of the first hole section k1 is in a circular shape with a gradually decreasing hole diameter. Arc walls and so on.
  • the pore diameter of the first hole section k1 gradually decreases from top to bottom, a circuitous structure will not be formed, and the electrolyte can flow downward smoothly under its own weight.
  • the minimum hole diameter of the first hole section k1 is the hole diameter of one end of the first hole section k1 connected to the second hole section k2.
  • the end connecting the second hole section k2 and the first hole section k1 is the first junction end.
  • the two opposite ends overlap; when the pore diameter of the first junction end is larger than the minimum pore diameter of the first hole section k1, the electrolyte flowing from the first hole section k1 to the second hole section k2 can flow directly toward the inside of the battery cell 20, and can The probability of the electrolyte flowing along the hole wall of the second hole section k2 is reduced, and the injection efficiency of the electrolyte is improved.
  • the aperture of the first junction end is set to be equal to the minimum aperture of the first hole section k1, thus forming a liquid injection hole k that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, making it easier to install the first seal 21b.
  • the electrolyte can flow downward smoothly under its own weight, and flow from the first hole section k1 to the second hole section k2
  • the electrolyte can flow directly into the battery cell 20 , which can reduce the probability of the electrolyte flowing along the hole wall of the second hole section k2 and improve the injection efficiency of the electrolyte.
  • the first sealing member 21b mentioned in the embodiment of this application is the sealing member used by the liquid injection hole k during the primary sealing
  • the second sealing member 21c is the sealing member used by the liquid injection hole k during the secondary sealing.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the end cap 21a in a liquid filling state in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the liquid injection hole k further includes a third hole section k3, and the first hole section k1 is connected between the third hole section k3 and the second hole section k2.
  • the end connecting the third hole section k3 and the first hole section k1 is the second junction end, and the hole diameter of the second junction end is equal to or larger than the maximum hole diameter of the first hole section k1.
  • the third hole section k3 can be used as a hole section that cooperates with the first sealing member 21b, or can also be used as a hole section that cooperates with the second sealing member 21c, and is not specifically limited.
  • the end connecting the third hole section k3 and the first hole section k1 is the second junction end.
  • the hole diameter of the second junction end is greater than or equal to the maximum hole diameter of the first hole section k1, which facilitates the use of the sealing nail and the liquid injection nozzle 400.
  • the second sealing member 21c can be accommodated in the third hole section k3, which can avoid the second sealing member 21c being exposed outside the cover a1, which is unsightly and unsightly. It is easy to cause scratches to the outside world.
  • Figure 10 is a partial end view of the cover a1 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the angle between the hole wall of the first hole section k1 and the thickness direction F of the cover a1 is the first angle ⁇ , where 0° ⁇ 45°.
  • the first included angle ⁇ may be 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, etc.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section k1 is an inclined straight wall, which is convenient for processing.
  • the hole wall of the first hole section k1 has less resistance to the electrolyte, which facilitates the smooth flow of the electrolyte entering the first hole section k1 under its own weight.
  • the second hole section k2 prevents the electrolyte from sticking to the hole wall of the first hole section k1.
  • the liquid injection nozzle 400 in order to make the liquid injection nozzle 400 fit with the first hole section k1, the liquid injection nozzle 400 extends into the outer wall (such as the mating surface 402) of the inner part of the liquid injection hole k and the thickness of the cover a1 There is also an angle of ⁇ size between the directions F.
  • the cover a1 includes a cover part a11 and a liquid filling platform a12.
  • the cover part a11 has a structural surface s, and the structural surface s is away from the inside of the battery cell 20.
  • the liquid filling platform a12 is protrudingly provided on the structural surface s, and the liquid injection hole k penetrates the cover part a11 and the liquid injection platform a12.
  • the cover a11 is a structure of the cover a1 for forming a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 23 with the case 22 of the battery cell 20, and may be plate-shaped, etc., and is not specifically limited.
  • the side surface of the cover a11 facing away from the inside of the battery cell 20 is the structural surface s.
  • the liquid injection platform a12 is a boss structure protruding from the structural surface s.
  • the liquid injection hole k penetrates both the liquid injection platform a12 and the cover part a11.
  • the liquid injection platform a12 has an outer peripheral side wall w and an end wall.
  • the outer peripheral side wall w is continuously arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole k and is away from the liquid injection hole k.
  • the end wall intersects with the outer peripheral side wall w and is away from the battery cell. Body 20 inside.
  • the second sealing member 21c can be covered on the end wall and sealingly connected with the end wall to achieve secondary sealing; further, the edge of the second sealing member 21c can also be bent toward the cover portion a11 And is sealingly connected with the outer peripheral side wall w of the liquid injection platform a12, thereby increasing the sealing area and sealing effect of the second seal 21c and the liquid injection platform a12; further, the welding position can be selected between the second seal 21c and the liquid injection platform a12 Between the outer peripheral side walls w of the liquid injection platform a12, the high temperature during welding has less impact on the electrolyte.
  • a liquid injection platform a12 is protruding on the cover a11, which can not only extend the length of the liquid injection hole k, but also increase the matching area between the first seal 21b and the liquid injection hole k, improving the effectiveness of the primary seal and
  • the installation stability of the first seal 21b, and the bending contact between the second seal 21c and the liquid injection platform a12 can form a circuitous path, thereby improving the sealing reliability and sealing effect of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the liquid injection platform a12 has an outer peripheral side wall w, the outer peripheral side wall w is arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole k, and the outer peripheral side wall w is configured with a structure facing the liquid injection hole k. Recessed crimp groove h.
  • the outer peripheral side wall w of the liquid injection platform a12 refers to the side wall continuously arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole k and facing away from the liquid injection hole k. It can be understood that the liquid injection platform a12 also includes an end wall that intersects with the outer peripheral side wall w. .
  • the curling groove h is a groove recessed in the peripheral side wall w of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the curling groove h can be continuously arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole k, or can be arranged at multiple axial intervals around the liquid injection hole k. Of course, only one crimping groove h may be provided and not arranged axially around the liquid injection hole k.
  • the recessed direction of the curling groove h can be along the radial direction of the liquid injection hole k, or of course, can also be at a certain angle with the radial direction of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the second seal 21c can be sealingly connected with the groove wall of the crimping groove h, part of the peripheral side wall w and all the end walls.
  • the sealing area of the liquid injection table a12 and the second seal 21c is greatly increased.
  • the crimping groove The circuitous route composed of h, outer peripheral side wall w and end wall improves the sealing effect of the second seal 21c.
  • the provision of the curling groove h can also strengthen the fixation between the second sealing member 21c and the liquid injection platform a12.
  • the second sealing member 21c is sealed with the upper inner wall of the crimping groove h in the thickness direction F, and is sealed with the lower inner wall of the crimping groove h in the thickness direction F (ie, the first sealing member below). (wall surface) is not in contact with each other. At this time, the second sealing member 21c has a wider operating range when curling, making it easier to curl the second sealing member 21c.
  • the inner wall of the curling groove h in the thickness direction F and close to the inside of the battery cell 20 is the first wall.
  • the first wall is connected to the structural surface. s are flush with each other.
  • the curling groove h can be formed by the boss protruding on the outer peripheral side wall w of the liquid injection platform a12 and the structural surface s, without the need for grooves, etc., and the formation of the curling groove h is more convenient .
  • the cover part a11 is configured with an escape groove p
  • the escape groove p is recessed toward the inside of the battery cell 20
  • the bottom surface of the escape groove p serves as the structural surface s.
  • the escape groove p is located on the side of the cover a11 away from the battery cell 20
  • the liquid filling groove is located in the relief groove p.
  • the relationship between the depth of the relief groove p and the height of the liquid filling platform a12 may or may not be equal. etc., no specific limit.
  • the setting of the avoidance groove p can reduce the protruding height of the liquid injection platform a12 or even not protrude. This can reduce the impact of the liquid injection platform a12 on the outside and also prevent the liquid injection platform a12 from being damaged by the outside. At the same time, when the second sealing member 21c is bent later, the escape groove p can provide a larger operating space.
  • the depth of the depression of the curling groove h is the first dimension D1
  • the width of the curling groove h in the thickness direction F is the second dimension D2
  • the relief groove p is the same as the curling groove.
  • the side wall opposite to the groove bottom of h is the first side wall.
  • the distance between the groove bottom of the crimping groove h and the first side wall is the third dimension D3.
  • the first side wall of the escape groove p is arranged at an angle with its bottom surface.
  • Tests have proven that when the first dimension D1, the second dimension D2 and the third dimension D3 are within the above range, when the second seal 21c is crimped, the space for crimping is larger, which facilitates the crimping of the second sealing member 21c.
  • the seal 21c is curled.
  • the first hole section k1 is formed on the liquid injection platform a12
  • the second hole section k2 is formed on the cover part a11 .
  • the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 can be processed and designed according to the height of the liquid injection table a12 and the thickness of the cover a11.
  • the size processing of the liquid injection hole k is more accurate and more convenient for liquid injection. Design of hole k size.
  • the formation forms of the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 are not limited to this.
  • the first hole section k1 can also be formed on the liquid injection table a12, and the second hole section k2 can be formed at the same time.
  • the second hole section k2 is formed in the cover part a11, and the first hole section k1 is formed in both the liquid injection platform a12 and the cover part a11.
  • the end cover 21a also includes a baffle a2.
  • the baffle a2 is disposed on the side of the cover a1 facing the inside of the battery cell 20, and blocks the direct flow of electrolyte from the liquid injection hole k. on the flow path inside the battery cell 20 .
  • the baffle a2 is fixedly connected or integrally connected with the cover a1, and the cover a1 is used to make the baffle a2 have a certain effect of resisting electrolyte impact.
  • the baffle a2 blocks the flow path of the electrolyte from the liquid injection hole k to the inside of the battery cell 20 . That is to say, under the action of the baffle, the electrolyte cannot flow directly from the liquid injection hole k to the battery cell 20 . It changes the flow direction when passing through the baffle a2 and then enters the inside of the battery cell 20 .
  • the baffle a2 is arranged opposite to the liquid injection hole k, and in the thickness direction F, the orthographic projection of the liquid injection hole k is located within the orthographic projection range of the baffle.
  • the electrolyte flowing out from the liquid injection hole k flows toward the baffle a2 under gravity, then changes the flow direction under the obstruction of the baffle a2, and then enters the inside of the battery cell 20.
  • a buffer space f is formed between the baffle a2 and the cover a1.
  • the buffer space f communicates with the liquid injection hole k and the inside of the battery cell 20, and the outlet of the buffer space f is connected with the electrode inside the battery cell 20.
  • the misalignment of the components 23 can prevent the fast-flowing electrolyte from directly impacting the electrode component 23 and damaging the electrode component 23 .
  • the end cap 21a includes a cover body a1.
  • the cover body a1 has a liquid injection hole k penetrating both sides of the thickness direction F.
  • the liquid injection hole k includes a first hole.
  • Section k1 and second hole section k2 the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 are opened from top to bottom along the thickness direction F of the cover body a1, and the two ends of the first hole section k1 and the second hole section k2 are close to each other. Overlapping, the hole diameter of the first hole section k1 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the hole diameter of the second hole section k2 is equal everywhere.
  • the first hole section k1 is used to accommodate the liquid injection nozzle 400, and is completely attached to the outer wall of the liquid injection nozzle 400 and structured to form an anti-overflow area.
  • the anti-overflow area is located above the liquid injection port 403 in the liquid injection nozzle 400.
  • this application also provides an end cover assembly 21 .
  • Figure 11 is an assembly diagram of the cover body a1 and the first sealing member 21b in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is an assembly diagram of the cover body a1, the first sealing member 21b and the second sealing member 21c in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the end cover assembly 21 provided by the present application is used for the battery cell 20.
  • the end cover assembly 21 includes a first seal 21b, a second seal 21c and any of the above.
  • An end cap 21a is provided in one embodiment.
  • the first sealing member 21b is disposed in the liquid injection hole k and blocks the first hole segment k1 and the second hole segment k2.
  • the second sealing member 21c covers the side of the first sealing member 21b facing away from the inside of the battery cell 20, and Sealing connection with cover body a1.
  • end cap 21a For details of the end cap 21a, please refer to the description in the above embodiment and will not be described again here.
  • the first sealing member 21b refers to a member that can be filled into the liquid injection hole k and block the liquid injection hole k, and performs primary sealing on the liquid injection hole k.
  • the first sealing member 21b can completely block the liquid injection hole k, that is, the first sealing member 21b is sealingly connected to all the walls of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the first sealing member 21b can also partially block the liquid injection hole k, that is, the first sealing member 21b is sealingly connected with part of the hole wall of the liquid injection hole k and blocks the liquid injection hole k.
  • the first sealing member 21b may be in the form of a sealing nail, a sealing column, a sealing plug, etc.
  • the first sealing member 21b is connected with the liquid injection hole k in an interference sealing or thread sealing manner.
  • the second hole section k2 may be provided with an internal thread threadedly connected to the first sealing member 21b.
  • the first sealing member 21b may be a rubber-plastic part, such as rubber, silicone, etc., and is not specifically limited.
  • the second sealing member 21c may be a sealing sheet, a sealing plate or other components, which can cover the first sealing member 21b and can also be sealingly connected with the cover body a1 to perform secondary sealing of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the second sealing member 21c is made of metal (such as aluminum), so that it can be welded and sealed with the cover body a1.
  • the second sealing member 21c is not limited to metal material, and may also be made of plastic material when it is adhesively sealed with the cover body a1.
  • the above-mentioned end cover assembly 21 has a structure that allows the electrolyte to flow into the interior of the battery cell 20 without any obstruction due to the structure of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the electrolyte will basically not remain in the liquid injection hole k. In this way, the liquid injection hole k is processed.
  • no welding defects will occur due to the vaporized electrolyte penetrating the molten pool, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced sealing reliability of the liquid injection hole k caused by welding defects. .
  • the cover body a1 includes a cover portion a11 and a liquid filling platform a12 .
  • the cover portion a11 has a structural surface s , the structural surface s is away from the inside of the battery cell 20 , and the liquid filling platform a12 a12 is protrudingly provided on the structural surface s, and the liquid injection hole k penetrates the cover part a11 and the liquid injection hole k.
  • the second sealing member 21c has a connected first sealing part c1 and a second sealing part c2.
  • the first sealing part c1 covers the side of the first sealing member 21b away from the inside of the battery cell 20, and the second sealing part c2 is opposite to The first sealing portion c1 is bent toward the inside of the battery cell 20 and is sealingly connected to the outer peripheral side wall w of the liquid filling platform a12.
  • the second sealing part c2 may be connected to the entire edge of the first sealing part c1 and continuously arranged around the first sealing part c1, or may be connected only to a portion of the edge of the first sealing part c1. There may be multiple second sealing parts c2, A plurality of second sealing parts c2 are arranged at intervals along the edge of the first sealing part c1.
  • the first sealing part c1 and the second sealing part c2 may be formed into an angled structure in advance, or they may be bent on site to form an angled structure during secondary sealing.
  • the first sealing part c1 and the first sealing part c1 may be integrally connected.
  • the second sealing member 21c is installed for secondary sealing. Specifically, the first sealing portion c1 of the second sealing member 21c is first covered on the side of the first sealing member 21b away from the inside of the battery cell 20. At this time, the first sealing portion c1 can be connected with the end wall of the liquid injection platform a12. For bonding (for example, when the first sealing member 21b does not exceed the range of the liquid filling platform a12), the first sealing portion c1 can also be bonded to the portion of the first sealing member 21b that exceeds the liquid filling platform a12.
  • the second sealing portion c2 of the second sealing member 21c is bent toward the inside of the battery cell 20 relative to the first sealing portion c1 until it is in contact with the outer peripheral side wall w of the liquid injection hole k. Finally, the second sealing member 21c and the liquid injection platform a12 are fixedly connected (such as welding, bonding, etc.).
  • the second sealing member 21c performs secondary sealing through the first sealing part c1 and the second sealing part c2, resulting in a large sealing area and good sealing effect.
  • the first sealing part c1 and the second sealing part c2 are bent and arranged to form a circuitous sealing path, which further improves the sealing effect.
  • the liquid injection platform a12 has an outer peripheral side wall w.
  • the outer peripheral side wall w is arranged around the axial direction of the liquid injection hole k.
  • the outer peripheral side wall w is configured with a curled edge that is recessed toward the liquid injection hole k.
  • the second sealing part c2 includes a connected first curling section c21 and a second curling section c22.
  • the first curling section c21 is connected to the first sealing part c1 and faces the inside of the battery cell 20 relative to the first sealing part c1.
  • the first curling section c21 is bent and connected to the outer peripheral side wall w.
  • the second curling section c22 is bent relative to the first curling section c21 toward the liquid injection hole k and is sealed and connected in the curling groove h.
  • the first curling section c21 is bent toward the inside of the battery cell 20 relative to the first sealing portion c1, and the second curling section c22 is bent toward the liquid injection hole k relative to the first curling section c21.
  • the first curling section c21 and the second curling section c22 can be directly formed into a bent structure, or can be rolled into a bent structure on site during secondary sealing.
  • the second curling section c22 can be connected to part of the edge of the first curling section c21, or can be connected to the entire edge of the first curling section c21.
  • a sealing plate can be selected as the second sealing member 21c.
  • the sealing plate is first covered on the end wall of the liquid injection platform a12 or the part of the first sealing member 21b beyond the liquid injection platform a12, and then along the liquid injection platform a12
  • the outer peripheral side wall w bends the sealing plate, and then bends the end of the sealing plate toward the liquid injection hole k into the crimping groove h.
  • the sealing plate portion of the sealing plate covering the end wall of the liquid injection platform a12 or the part of the first seal 21b beyond the liquid injection platform a12 constitutes the first sealing portion c1.
  • the part where the outer peripheral side wall w is in contact forms the first curling section c21, and the part of the sealing plate that extends into the curling groove h forms the second curling section c22.
  • the second seal 21c can be sealingly connected with the groove wall of the crimping groove h, part of the peripheral side wall w and all the end walls.
  • the sealing area of the liquid injection table a12 and the second seal 21c is greatly increased.
  • the crimping groove The circuitous path formed by the groove h, the peripheral side wall w and the end wall improves the sealing effect of the second seal 21c.
  • the hook-shaped structure formed by the first sealing part c1, the first crimping section c21 and the second crimping section c22 can also strengthen the fixation between the second sealing member 21c and the liquid injection platform a12.
  • Figure 14 is a state diagram of the second seal 21c in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the second seal 21c includes a stacked hot melt layer c3 and a thermal conductive layer c4.
  • the hot melt layer c3 is located between the thermal conductive layer c4 and the cover a1.
  • the hot melt layer c3 is configured to melt when heated to sealingly connect the heat conductive layer c4 and the cover a1.
  • the hot-melt layer c3 refers to a layer structure that can melt when the ambient temperature rises and harden when cooled to bond the thermal conductive layer c4 and the cover a1.
  • the hot-melt layer c3 can be made of a thermoplastic adhesive material with a lower melting temperature (such as polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyamide (PA), polyolefin, polylactic acid, etc.).
  • Thermal conductive layer c4 is a material layer with thermal conductivity, which can be but is not limited to a metal layer (such as aluminum layer, stainless steel layer) or ceramic layer (such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, etc.).
  • the thermal conductive layer c4 has certain toughness to facilitate bending.
  • the heat conductive layer c4 is heated, and the heat of the heat conductive layer c4 is transferred to the hot melt Layer c3 and melt the hot-melt layer c3.
  • the molten hot-melt material has a certain fluidity and can fill the space between the thermal conductive layer c4 and the liquid injection table a12 (and/or the first seal 21b) to achieve the second seal. Effective sealing and effective fixation of part 21c.
  • the hot-melt layer c3 is used to bond the thermal conductive layer c4 and the liquid injection platform a12 (and/or the first seal 21b). Since its hot-melt temperature is much lower than the high temperature generated during welding, electrolysis can be alleviated or even avoided.
  • the gasification of the liquid can avoid the problem that the gasified electrolyte penetrates the hot-melt layer c3 and reduces the bonding strength and affects the sealing effect.
  • FIG 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the first seal 21b in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first seal 21b includes a main body portion b1 and a positioning portion b2 adjacent along the thickness direction F.
  • the main body portion b1 is sealingly fitted in the liquid injection hole k and is positioned
  • the portion b2 is located outside the liquid injection hole k and overlaps the surface of the cover a1 away from the inside of the battery cell 20 .
  • the second sealing member 21c is sealingly covered on the positioning portion b2.
  • the main body part b1 is the part of the first sealing member 21b that is completely located within the liquid injection hole k, and is used to cooperate with and seal the liquid injection hole k.
  • the positioning part b2 is the part of the first seal that exceeds the liquid injection hole k and is located above the liquid injection hole k. It overlaps the cover body a1 (specifically, it can be the end wall of the liquid injection hole).
  • the first seal 21b When installing the first seal 21b, its main body b1 first extends into the liquid injection hole k and blocks the liquid injection hole k. As the main body b1 continues to sink, the positioning part b2 gradually approaches the cover a1 (specifically, is the end wall for liquid injection), when the positioning portion b2 overlaps the cover body a1 (specifically, it can be the end wall for liquid injection), the main body portion b1 sinks into place, and at this time the first seal 21b is installed in place.
  • the cover a1 specifically, is the end wall for liquid injection
  • the second sealing member 21c is sealed and covered on the positioning part b2.
  • the first sealing part c1 may be covered on the positioning part b2.
  • the first seal 21b further includes a limiting portion b3 located outside the liquid injection hole k, and the main body portion b1 is connected between the limiting portion b3 and the positioning portion b2, The limiting portion b3 abuts against the surface of the cover a1 facing the inside of the battery cell 20 .
  • the limiting part b3 is the part of the first seal 21b located below the liquid injection hole k, that is, located inside the battery cell 20. Its size in the radial direction of the liquid injection hole k is larger than the liquid injection hole k, so as to prevent the liquid injection hole k from entering the battery.
  • the inside of the cell 20 abuts against the inner surface of the cover a1 (that is, the surface of the cover a1 facing the inside of the battery cell 20).
  • the limiting portion b3 is thin and has certain flexibility/toughness to pass through the liquid injection hole k and extend into the interior of the battery cell 20 .
  • the size of the limiter b3 in the radial direction of the liquid injection hole k is slightly larger than the liquid injection hole k, so as to facilitate the limiter b3 to extend into the battery cell 20 .
  • the first sealing member 21b After the first sealing member 21b is installed in place, it is limited on the cover body a1 by its positioning portion b2 and limiting portion b3, which can effectively prevent the first sealing member 21b from falling off.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell 20, including a case 22, an electrode assembly 23, and an end cover assembly 21 in any of the above embodiments.
  • the case 22 encloses a receiving cavity with an opening, and the electrode
  • the component 23 is accommodated in the accommodation cavity, and the end cover 21a is closed at the opening.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, including the battery cell 20 in the above embodiment.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 in the above embodiment, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种端盖(21a)、端盖组件(21)、电池单体(20)、电池(100)及用电装置，包括盖体(a1)，盖体(a1)具有贯通自身厚度方向(F)两侧的注液孔(k)，注液孔(k)包括沿盖体(a1)的厚度方向(F)自上而下开设的第一孔段(k1)和第二孔段(k2)，第一孔段(k1)与第二孔段(k2)彼此靠近的两端连通。其中，第一孔段(k1)用于容置注液嘴，且至少部分孔壁与注液嘴(400)外壁相贴合并构造形成一防溢区，防溢区位于注液嘴(400)中注液口(403)的上方。

Description

端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年06月20日递交的名称为“端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的第2022215309041号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，特别是涉及一种端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术中，为了方便将电解液注入电池单体内部，通常在电池单体的端盖上开设由上到下贯通的注液孔，在注完电解液后使用密封钉密封注液孔。现有电池存在注液孔密封可靠性低的问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够解决注液孔密封可靠性低的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种端盖，用于电池电体，端盖包括盖体，盖体具有贯通自身厚度方向两侧的注液孔，注液孔包括第一孔段和第二孔段，所述第一孔段和所述第二孔段沿盖体的厚度方向自上而下开设，第一孔段与第二孔段彼此靠近的两端连通。其中，第一孔段用于容置注液嘴，且至少部分孔壁与注液嘴外壁相贴合并构造形成一防溢区，防溢区位于注液嘴中注液口的上方。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，从注液嘴流出的电解液被防溢区全部挡在下方而不会溢出到防溢区外，由此可使得经注液嘴流出的全部电解液经第二孔段顺畅的流向电池单体内部，而不会残留在注液孔内。如此，可避免因注液孔内残留的电解液气化而导致密封钉焊接处存在焊接缺陷，进而避免因焊接缺陷所造成的注液孔密封可靠性下降的问题。
在一些实施例中，第一孔段的孔壁完全贴合于注液嘴的外壁，且注液嘴的注液口伸入第二孔段内。此时，第一孔段与注液嘴所形成的防溢区较大，防溢效果好。而且， 注液嘴的注液口直接伸入到第二孔段内，电解液从注液口排出后径直进入第二孔段，能够缩短电解液进入电池单体内部的距离，同时可避免电解液残留在第一孔段的孔壁上。
在一些实施例中，第一孔段的孔径自上而下逐渐减小，第二孔段与第一孔段连接的一端为第一交界端，第一交界端的孔径等于或大于第一孔段的最小孔径。此时，当第一孔段的孔径自上而下逐渐减小时，不会形成迂回结构，电解液可在自重下顺畅的朝下流动，且从第一孔段流向第二孔段的电解液能够径直朝向电池单体内部流动，可减小电解液沿第二孔段的孔壁流动的几率，提高电解液的注入效率。
在一些实施例中，注液孔还包括第三孔段，第一孔段连通于第三孔段与第二孔段之间。其中，第三孔段与第一孔段连接的一端为第二交界端，第二交界端的孔径等于或大于第一孔段的最大孔径。此时，在对注液孔进行二次密封时，可将第二密封件容纳在第三孔段内，可以避免第二密封件裸露在盖体之外，即不美观也容易对外界造成刮伤。
在一些实施例中，第一孔段的孔壁与盖体厚度方向之间的夹角为第一夹角α，其中，0°≤α≤45°。此时，第一孔段的孔壁呈倾斜的直壁，方便加工。同时，第一夹角α在0°至45°的范围内，第一孔段的孔壁对电解液的阻力较小，方便进入到第一孔段的电解液在自重下顺利的流向第二孔段，避免电解液粘滞在第一孔段的孔壁上。
在一些实施例中，盖体包括盖部和注液台，盖部具有构造面，构造面与电池单体的内部相背离，注液台凸设于构造面上，注液孔贯通盖部和注液台。此时，在盖部上凸设一注液台，不仅可以延长注液孔的长度，还增加了第一密封件与注液孔的配合面积，提高一次密封的有效性以及第一密封件的安装稳定性，同时第二密封件与注液台之间可弯折接触形成迂回路径，提高注液孔的密封可靠性和密封效果。
在一些实施例中，注液台具有外周侧壁，外周侧壁环绕注液孔的轴向设置，外周侧壁上构造有朝向注液孔凹陷的卷边槽。此时，第二密封件可以与卷边槽的槽壁、部分外周侧壁以及全部端壁密封连接，注液台与第二密封件的密封面积大大提高，同时由卷边槽、外周侧壁以及端壁组成的迂回路线提高了第二密封件的密封效果。而且，卷边槽的设置还可以加强第二密封件与注液台之间的固定。
在一些实施例中，盖部构造有避让槽，避让槽朝电池单体内部凹陷，避让槽的底面作为构造面。避让槽的设置可以降低注液台的突出高度甚至不突出，如此可减小注液台对外部的影响，也可避免注液台受外部损害。同时在下文中对第二密封件进行弯折时，避让槽能够提供较大的操作空间。
在一些实施例中，卷边槽的凹陷深度为第一尺寸D1，卷边槽在厚度方向上的宽度为第二尺寸D2，避让槽的与卷边槽的槽底相对设置的侧壁为第一侧壁，在与厚度方向垂直的方向上，卷边槽的槽底与第一侧壁之间的距离为第三尺寸D3。其中，D1≥0.5mm，D2≥0.5mm，且2≥D1/D2≥0.5，D3≥3D1。经试验证明，第一尺寸D1、第二尺寸D2 和第三尺寸D3处于上述范围时，在对第二密封件进行卷边处理时，供执行卷边操作的空间较大，方便对第二密封件进行卷边处理。
在一些实施例中，端盖还包括挡板，挡板设置于盖体朝向电池单体内部的一侧，且阻挡于电解液从注液孔径直流向电池单体内部的流动路径上。此时挡板可避免快速流动的电解液直接冲击在电极组件上损坏电极组件。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，端盖组件包括第一密封件、第二密封件及上述任一实施例中提供的端盖。第一密封件设于注液孔内且封堵第一孔段和第二孔段，第二密封件覆盖于第一密封件背离电池单体内部的一侧，并与盖体密封连接。
本申请的技术方案中，由于注液孔构造形成可使得电解液无障碍流动到电池单体内部的结构，电解液基本不会残留在注液孔内，如此在对注液孔进行二次密封时，在焊接第二密封件时不会因气化的电解液穿透熔池而导致焊接缺陷的出现，进而可以避免因焊接缺陷造成的注液孔密封可靠性降低的问题。
在一些实施例中，盖体包括盖部和注液台，盖部具有构造面，构造面与电池单体内部相背离，注液台凸设于构造面上，注液孔贯通盖部和注液孔。其中，第二密封件具有相连的第一密封部和第二密封部，第一密封部覆盖于第一密封件背离电池单体内部的一侧，第二密封部相对第一密封部朝电池单体内部弯折设置、并与注液台的外周侧壁密封连接。如此，第二密封件经由第一密封部和第二密封部进行二次密封，密封面积大，密封效果好。同时，第一密封部与第二密封部弯折设置形成迂回的密封路径，进一提高了密封效果。
在一些实施例中，外周侧壁环绕注液孔的轴向设置，外周侧壁上构造有朝向注液孔凹陷的卷边槽。其中，第二密封部包括相连的第一卷边段和第二卷边段，第一卷边段连接第一密封部、且相对第一密封部朝电池单体内部弯折设置，第一卷边段与注液台的外周侧壁密封连接，第二卷边段相对第一卷边段朝注液孔弯折设置、并密封连接于卷边槽内。此时，第二密封件可以与卷边槽的槽壁、部分外周侧壁以及全部端壁密封连接，注液台与第二密封件的密封面积大大提高，同时由卷边槽、外周侧壁以及端壁组成的迂回路线提高了第二密封件的密封效果。而且，第一密封部、第一卷边段和第二卷边段构成的钩状结构还可以加强第二密封件与注液台之间的固定。
在一些实施例中，第二密封件包括层叠设置的热熔层和导热层，热熔层位于导热层和盖体之间，热熔层被构造为受热能够熔融以密封连接导热层和盖体。此时，利用热熔层粘接导热层和注液台(和/或第一密封件)，由于其热熔温度远远低于焊接时产生的高温，因此能够缓解甚至避免电解液的气化，由此可避免因气化的电解液穿透热熔层而降低粘接强度、影响密封效果的问题。
在一些实施例中，第一密封件包括沿厚度方向邻接的主体部和定位部，主体部密封配接于注液孔内，定位部位于注液孔之外、并搭接于盖体背离电池单体内部的表面上。第二密封件密封覆设在定位部上。如此，可根据定位部是否与盖体搭接来判断第一密封件是否安装到位，使得第一密封件的安装更加方便。
在一些实施例中，第一密封件还包括位于注液孔之外的限位部，主体部连接于限位部和定位部之间，限位部与盖体朝向电池单体内部的表面相抵靠。当第一密封件安装到位后，通过其定位部和限位部将其限位在盖体上，可有效防止第一密封件脱落。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件和上述任一实施例中的端盖组件，壳体围合形成具有开口的容纳腔，电极组件容纳于容纳腔，端盖盖合于开口处。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文所示实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出部分实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例中的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例中的电池的分解示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例中的电池单体的分解示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例中的端盖的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的端盖的剖视图；
图6为本申请一些实施例中与端盖所配合使用的注液嘴的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例中盖体的局部断面图；
图8为本申请一些实施例中端盖处于注液状态的示意图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例中端盖处于注液状态的示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例中的盖体的局部端面图；
图11为本申请一些实施例中盖体与第一密封件的装配图；
图12为本申请一些实施例中盖体与第一密封件、第二密封件的装配图；
图13为本申请一些实施例中第一密封件的结构示意图；
图14为本申请一些实施例中第二密封件的一种状态图；
图15为本申请一些实施例中的端盖的分解示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1000、车辆；100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；10、箱体；11、第一部分；12、第二部分；20、电池单体；21、端盖组件；21a、端盖；a1、盖体；a11、盖部；s、构造面；p、避让槽；a12、注液台；w、外周侧壁；h、卷边槽；r、第一避面；k、注液孔；k1、第一孔段；k2、第二孔段；k3、第三孔段；a2、挡板；f、缓冲空间；21b、第一密封件；b1、主体部；b2、定位部；b3、限位部；21c、第二密封件；c1、第一密封部；c2、第二密封部；c21、第一卷边段；c22、第二卷边段；c3、热熔层；c4、导热层；21d、电极端子；21e、绝缘件；22、壳体；23、电极组件；400、注液嘴；401、流道；403、注液口；402、配合面；F、厚度方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多 组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。
本发明人注意到，为了方便经注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液，注液孔通常采用台阶设计，注液嘴的注液孔支撑在台阶处，当注液完成后，注液孔的台阶处容易残留电解液。对于台阶的拐角处残留的电解液通常无法做到有效清除。在注液完成后，在对注液孔进行一次密封后(在注液孔内塞入密封件)通常会在注液孔的外部激光焊接另一密封件进行二次密封，由于台阶拐角处残留的电解液在激光焊接产生的高温环境下，容易气化并冲出熔池引起针孔、爆点等焊接缺陷，导致注液孔密封可靠性降低。
为了提高注液孔密封可靠性问题，申请人研究发现，可以避免电解液在注液孔的残留，来缓解由此引起的注液孔密封可靠性降低的问题。具体地，设计电解液在注液孔内能够无障碍连通的结构，使得进入到注液孔内的电解液能够无障碍的全部流入电池单体内部，而不会残留在注液孔内。
基于以上考虑，为了解决注液孔密封可靠性低的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种端盖，端盖上的注液孔包括自上而下开设的第一孔段和第二孔段，两个孔段彼此靠近的两端连通，同时注液嘴与第一孔段的孔壁贴合，避免电解液经第一孔段外溢出去，由此可使全部电解液经由第二孔段进入到电池单体内部，缓解因电解液残留造成密封钉焊接缺陷所导致的注液孔密封可靠性降低的问题。
本申请实施例公开的端盖可用于制备电池单体。本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于 手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或密封部地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它 形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖组件21、壳体22、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。不限地，端盖组件21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖组件21上可以设置有如电极端子21d等的功能性部件。电极端子21d可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖组件21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖组件21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖组件21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖组件21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖组件21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的密封部构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的密封部各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
图4为本申请一些实施例中端盖21a的结构示意图，图5为图4所示的端盖21a的剖视图。根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4和图5，本申请提供的端盖21a，用于电池100电体，端盖21a包括盖体a1，盖体a1具有贯通自身厚度方向F两侧的注液孔k， 注液孔k包括第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2，第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2沿盖体a1的厚度方向F自上而下开设，第一孔段k1与第二孔段k2彼此靠近的两端连通。其中，第一孔段k1用于容置注液嘴400，且至少部分孔壁与注液嘴400外壁相贴合并构造形成一防溢区，防溢区位于注液嘴400中注液口403的上方。
盖体a1是能够与电池单体20的壳体22共同围合形成容纳电极组件23的密封空间的结构。注液孔k开设在盖体a1上，连通电池单体20内外，以供外界的电解液注入到电池单体20内部。盖体a1可以呈板状、块状等，具体不限定。
在实际使用时，盖体a1的厚度方向F与竖直方向相对应。第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2自上而下开设是指，第一孔段k1连通在第二孔段k2的上方。第一孔段k1与第二孔段k2可以同轴布置，也可偏心布置，为了方便描述，在下文中以第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2同轴布置为例进行说明，即注液孔k具备沿厚度方向F设置的中心轴线。
图6为本申请一些实施例中与端盖21a所配合使用的注液嘴400的结构示意图。参照图6，注液嘴400是指能够连接电解液供给源，并具有供电解液从自身内部流向注液孔k内的注液口403的部件，注液口403作为注液嘴400的输出位置连通注液嘴400内部及注液,注液嘴400内构造有连通电解液供给源和注液孔k的流道401，注液口403位于流道401的出口处。
在实际注液操作中，注液嘴400至少部分容置在第一孔段k1内，且注液嘴400与第一孔段k1的至少部分孔壁相贴合形成防溢区，注液嘴400的注液口403位于防溢区的下方。
可理解地，第一孔段k1中与注液嘴400相贴合的孔壁是环绕注液孔k的中心轴线连续设置的，如此注液嘴400同与自身相贴合的孔壁之间可密闭连接形成防溢区，以防止从注液口403流出的电解液从注液嘴400及孔壁之间的缝隙往上流动并泄漏到防溢区之外。
上述端盖21a，从注液嘴400流出的电解液被防溢区全部挡在下方而不会溢出到防溢区外，由此可使得经注液嘴400流出的全部电解液经第二孔段k2顺畅的流向电池单体20内部，而不会残留在注液孔k内。如此，可避免因注液孔k内残留的电解液气化而导致密封钉焊接处存在焊接缺陷，进而避免因焊接缺陷所造成的注液孔k密封可靠性下降的问题。
在一些实施例中，第一孔段k1连接第二孔段k2的一端的孔径小于或等于第二孔段k2连接第一孔段k1的一端的孔径。
第一孔段k1与第二孔段k2径直连接的两个孔壁分别为第一孔壁和第二孔壁，当第一孔段k1连接第二孔段k2的一端的孔径大于第二孔段k2连接第一孔段k1的一端的孔径时，第一孔壁和第二孔壁之间会形成内台阶结构，电解液流经该内台阶结构时， 容易残留在内台阶结构处，电解液不能顺畅的从第一孔段k1顺畅的流向第二孔段k2。本申请实施例中，第一孔段k1连接第二孔段k2的一端的孔径小于或等于第二孔段k2连接第一孔段k1的一端的孔径，可以避免电解液滞留在内台阶处，电解液能够无障碍的从第二孔段k2流向第一孔段k1。
为了使得电解液能够从第一孔段k1顺畅的流向第二孔段k2，第一孔段k1与第二孔段k2的设置方式可以排除以下方式：第一孔壁与注液孔k的中心轴线垂直时，第一孔段k1中除第一孔壁之外的孔壁与第一孔壁所形成的内台阶结构、第一孔壁相对注液孔k的中心轴线自下而上倾斜时，第一孔段k1中第一孔壁之外的孔壁与第一孔壁所形成的内台阶结构、第一孔壁自上而下延伸时在第一孔壁上所构造的自上而下凹陷的凹槽/凹孔结构等。
为了使得电解液能够从第一孔段k1顺畅的流向第二孔段k2，第一孔段k1的孔壁整体自上而下延伸设置，具体地，第一孔段k1的孔壁可以是自上而下呈直壁/斜壁延伸设置，也可以是自上而下呈弧型壁延伸设置、也可以是自上而下呈波浪型壁延伸设置，只要不存在滞留电解液的结构且电解液能够在自重下沿第一孔段k1的孔壁顺畅流入第二孔段k2内。
此时，第一孔段k1能够容置注液嘴400，且其孔壁与注液嘴400贴合形成防溢区，从注液嘴400流出的电解液可以直接进入第二孔段k2或可以经第一孔段k1无障碍的流动到第二孔段k2内。如此，可避免因注液孔k内残留的电解液气化而导致密封钉焊接处存在焊接缺陷，进而避免因焊接缺陷所造成的注液孔k密封可靠性下降的问题。
图7为本申请一些实施例中盖体a1的局部断面图，图8为本申请一些实施例中端盖21a处于注液状态的示意图。请参照图7和图8，在一些实施例中，第一孔段k1的孔壁完全贴合于注液嘴400的外壁(如配合面402)，且注液嘴400的注液口403伸入第二孔段k2内。
其中，“完全贴合”是指第一孔段k1的全部孔壁均与注液嘴400的外壁(如配合面402)相贴合。
此时，第一孔段k1与注液嘴400所形成的防溢区较大，防溢效果好。而且，注液嘴400的注液口403直接伸入到第二孔段k2内，电解液从注液口403排出后径直进入第二孔段k2，能够缩短电解液进入电池单体20内部的距离，同时可避免电解液残留在第一孔段k1的孔壁上。
当然，在其他实施例中，也可以是第一孔段k1的部分孔壁与注液嘴400的外壁(如配合面402)贴合，注液嘴400伸入第一孔段k1内。
在一实施例中，注液嘴400的注液口403朝下设置，可使电解液径直朝电池单体20内部流动。当然，注液嘴400的注液口403也可设置在注液嘴400的侧壁并朝向第一 孔段k1的孔壁或者第二孔段k2的孔壁开设，此时部分电解液会沿第一孔段k1和/第二孔段k2的孔壁流动至进入电池单体20内部。
在一实施例中，第二孔段k2的孔径处处相等，如此电解液不会残留在第二孔段k2的孔壁上，且更加方便第一密封件21b的安装。当然，第二孔段k2的孔径也可以自上而下逐渐增大，或者采取其他形式，只要不易残留电解液即可。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5和图7，第一孔段k1的孔径自上而下逐渐减小，第二孔段k2与第一孔段k1连接的一端为第一交界端，第一交界端的孔径等于或大于第一孔段k1的最小孔径。
第一孔段k1的孔径自上而下逐渐减小的情况包括：第一孔段k1的孔壁呈孔径逐渐减小的倾斜壁、第一孔段k1的孔壁呈孔径逐渐减小的圆弧壁等等。当第一孔段k1的孔径自上而下逐渐减小时，不会形成迂回结构，电解液可在自重下顺畅的朝下流动。
第一孔段k1的最小孔径为第一孔段k1中与第二孔段k2相连的一端的孔径。第二孔段k2与第一孔段k1连接的一端为第一交界端，当第一交界端的孔径等于第一孔段k1的最小孔径，也就是第二孔段k2和第一孔段k1彼此相对的两端重合；当第一交界端的孔径大于第一孔段k1的最小孔径，此时从第一孔段k1流向第二孔段k2的电解液能够径直朝向电池单体20内部流动，可减小电解液沿第二孔段k2的孔壁流动的几率，提高电解液的注入效率。
当然，通常情况下将第一交界端的孔径设置为与第一孔段k1的最小孔径相等，如此形成上大下小的注液孔k，更加方便第一密封件21b的安装。
此时，当第一孔段k1的孔径自上而下逐渐减小时，不会形成迂回结构，电解液可在自重下顺畅的朝下流动，且从第一孔段k1流向第二孔段k2的电解液能够径直朝向电池单体20内部流动，可减小电解液沿第二孔段k2的孔壁流动的几率，提高电解液的注入效率。
本申请实施例中提及的第一密封件21b为注液孔k在一次密封时所使用的密封件，第二密封件21c为注液孔k在二次密封时所使用的密封件。
图9为本申请另一些实施例中端盖21a处于注液状态的示意图。在一些实施例中，请参照图9，注液孔k还包括第三孔段k3，第一孔段k1连通于第三孔段k3与第二孔段k2之间。其中，第三孔段k3与第一孔段k1连接的一端为第二交界端，第二交界端的孔径等于或大于第一孔段k1的最大孔径。
第三孔段k3可以作为与第一密封件21b配合的孔段使用，也可以作为第二密封件21c配合的孔段使用，具体不限定。第三孔段k3与第一孔段k1连接的一端为第二交界端。第二交界端的孔径大于或等于第一孔段k1的最大孔径，方便密封钉和注液嘴400的使用。
此时，在对注液孔k进行二次密封时，可将第二密封件21c容纳在第三孔段k3内，可以避免第二密封件21c裸露在盖体a1之外，即不美观也容易对外界造成刮伤。
图10为本申请一些实施例中的盖体a1的局部端面图。在一些实施例中，请参照图10，第一孔段k1的孔壁与盖体a1厚度方向F之间的夹角为第一夹角α，其中，0°≤α≤45°。具体地，第一夹角α可以是5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°、45°等等。
此时，第一孔段k1的孔壁呈倾斜的直壁，方便加工。同时，第一夹角α在0°至45°的范围内，第一孔段k1的孔壁对电解液的阻力较小，方便进入到第一孔段k1的电解液在自重下顺利的流向第二孔段k2，避免电解液粘滞在第一孔段k1的孔壁上。
可理解地，请参照图6，为了使得注液嘴400与第一孔段k1相贴合，注液嘴400伸入注液孔k内部分的外壁(如配合面402)与盖体a1厚度方向F之间也呈α大小的夹角。
请参照图7和图10，在一些实施例中，盖体a1包括盖部a11和注液台a12，盖部a11具有构造面s，构造面s与电池单体20内部相背离，注液台a12凸设于构造面s上，注液孔k贯通盖部a11和注液台a12。
在图7和图10中，电池单体20的内部位于盖体a1的下方。盖部a11是盖体a1中用于与电池单体20的壳体22形成容纳电极组件23的密封空间的结构，可以是板状等，具体不限定。盖部a11背离电池单体20内部的一侧表面为构造面s，注液台a12是凸设在构造面s的凸台结构，注液孔k同时贯通注液台a12和盖部a11。
可理解地，注液台a12具有外周侧壁w和端壁，外周侧壁w环绕注液孔k的轴向连续设置并背离注液孔k，端壁与外周侧壁w相交并背离电池单体20内部。在实际作业时，可将第二密封件21c覆设在端壁上并与端壁密封连接，以实现二次密封；进一步地，还可以将第二密封件21c的边缘朝盖部a11弯折并与注液台a12的外周侧壁w密封连接，由此增加第二密封件21c与注液台a12的密封面积及密封效果；更进一步地，焊接位置可以选在在第二密封件21c与注液台a12的外周侧壁w之间，如此焊接时的高温对电解液的影响较小。
此时，在盖部a11上凸设一注液台a12，不仅可以延长注液孔k的长度，还增加了第一密封件21b与注液孔k的配合面积，提高一次密封的有效性以及第一密封件21b的安装稳定性，同时第二密封件21c与注液台a12之间可弯折接触形成迂回路径，提高注液孔k的密封可靠性和密封效果。
继续参照图7和图10，在一些实施例中，注液台a12具有外周侧壁w，外周侧壁w环绕注液孔k的轴向设置，外周侧壁w上构造有朝向注液孔k凹陷的卷边槽h。
注液台a12的外周侧壁w是指环绕注液孔k的轴向连续设置并背离注液孔k的侧壁，可理解地，注液台a12还包括与外周侧壁w相交的端壁。
卷边槽h是凹陷在注液孔k的外周侧壁w的凹槽，卷边槽h可以环绕注液孔k的轴向连续设置，也可环绕注液孔k的轴向间隔设置有多个，当然，卷边槽h也可以仅设置一个且不环绕注液孔k的轴向设置。卷边槽h的凹陷方向可沿注液孔k的径向，当然，也可以与注液孔k的径向呈一定角度。
在实际作业时，第二密封件21c在覆盖与注液台a12的端壁、且其边缘至少部分朝盖部a11弯折后，再沿注液孔k的径向弯折并伸入到卷边槽h内。
如此，第二密封件21c可以与卷边槽h的槽壁、部分外周侧壁w以及全部端壁密封连接，注液台a12与第二密封件21c的密封面积大大提高，同时由卷边槽h、外周侧壁w以及端壁组成的迂回路线提高了第二密封件21c的密封效果。而且，卷边槽h的设置还可以加强第二密封件21c与注液台a12之间的固定。
具体一实施例中，第二密封件21c与卷边槽h自身中位于厚度方向F上的上侧内壁密封，而与卷边槽h厚度方向F上的下侧内壁(即下文中的第一壁面)不接触，此时，第二密封件21c在卷边的时候操作范围更大，更加易于第二密封件21c的卷边。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图7和图10，卷边槽h在厚度方向F上的、且靠近电池单体20的内部设置的一侧内壁为第一壁面，第一壁面与构造面s相齐平。
此时，卷边槽h可以由凸设在注液台a12外周侧壁w上的凸台与构造面s共同形成卷边槽h，而不需要开槽等，卷边槽h的形成更加便捷。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图7和图10，盖部a11构造有避让槽p，避让槽p朝电池单体20内部凹陷，避让槽p的底面作为构造面s。可理解地，避让槽p位于盖部a11背离电池单体20的一侧，注液槽位于避让槽p内，至于避让槽p的深度与注液台a12的高度之间的关系可相等也可不等，具体不限定。
避让槽p的设置可以降低注液台a12的突出高度甚至不突出，如此可减小注液台a12对外部的影响，也可避免注液台a12受外部损害。同时在下文中对第二密封件21c进行弯折时，避让槽p能够提供较大的操作空间。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图10，卷边槽h的凹陷深度为第一尺寸D1，卷边槽h在厚度方向F上的宽度为第二尺寸D2，避让槽p的与卷边槽h的槽底相对设置的侧壁为第一侧壁，在与厚度方向F垂直的方向上，卷边槽h的槽底与第一侧壁之间的距离为第三尺寸D3。其中，D1≥0.5mm，D2≥0.5mm，且2≥D1/D2≥0.5，D3≥3D1。
可理解地，避让槽p的第一侧壁与其底面呈角度设置。在一示例中，D1＝2mm，D2＝1.5，D1/D2＝4/3。在一示例中，D3＝3D1＝6mm。
经试验证明，第一尺寸D1、第二尺寸D2和第三尺寸D3处于上述范围时，在对第二密封件21c进行卷边处理时，供执行卷边操作的空间较大，方便对第二密封件21c进行卷边处理。
在一实施例中，请继续参照图7，第一孔段k1形成于注液台a12，第二孔段k2形成与盖部a11。在实际操作时，可以根据注液台a12的高度及盖部a11的厚度来加工和设计第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2，注液孔k的尺寸加工更加准确，也更加方便注液孔k尺寸的设计。
当然，在其他实施例中，第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2的形成形式不限于此，例如，还可以是第一孔段k1形成于注液台a12，第二孔段k2同时形成于注液台a12和盖部a11。又例如，第二孔段k2形成于盖部a11，第一孔段k1同时形成于注液台a12和盖部a11。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5，端盖21a还包括挡板a2，挡板a2设置于盖体a1朝向电池单体20内部的一侧，且阻挡于电解液从注液孔k径直流向电池单体20内部的流动路径上。
挡板a2与盖体a1固定连接或一体连接，利用盖体a1来使得挡板a2具有一定的抗电解液冲击的效果。挡板a2阻挡于电解液从注液孔k径直流向电池单体20内部的流动路径上，也就是说，在档板的作用下电解液无法直接从注液孔k流向电池单体20，而是在经过挡板a2时改变流动方向而后进入到电池单体20内部。
具体地，挡板a2与注液孔k相对布置，在厚度方向F上，注液孔k的正投影位于档板的正投影范围内。从注液孔k流出的电解液在重力下朝挡板a2流动，然后在挡板a2的阻挡下改变流动方向，而后进入到电池单体20内部。
需要说明地，此时挡板a2与盖体a1之间形成有缓冲空间f，缓冲空间f连通注液孔k和电池单体20内部，且缓冲空间f的出口与电池单体20内部的电极组件23不正对，可避免快速流动的电解液直接冲击在电极组件23上损坏电极组件23。
在本申请的一实施例中，请参照图4至图5，端盖21a包括盖体a1，盖体a1具有贯通自身厚度方向F两侧的注液孔k，注液孔k包括第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2，第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2沿盖体a1的厚度方向F自上而下开设，第一孔段k1与第二孔段k2彼此靠近的两端重合，第一孔段k1的孔径自上而下逐渐减小，第二孔段k2的孔径处处相等。其中，第一孔段k1用于容置注液嘴400，且与注液嘴400外壁完全贴合并构造形成一防溢区，防溢区位于注液嘴400中注液口403的上方。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种端盖组件21。
图11为本申请一些实施例中盖体a1与第一密封件21b的装配图，图12为本申请一些实施例中盖体a1与第一密封件21b、第二密封件21c的装配图。
请参照图11和图12，根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供的端盖组件21用于电池单体20，端盖组件21包括第一密封件21b、第二密封件21c及上述任一实施例中提供的端盖21a。第一密封件21b设于注液孔k内且封堵第一孔段k1和第二孔段k2，第二密封件21c覆盖于第一密封件21b背离电池单体20内部的一侧，并与盖体a1密封连接。
端盖21a详见上述实施例中的描述，在此不赘述。
第一密封件21b是指能够填入注液孔k内并封堵注液孔k的构件，对注液孔k进行一次密封。第一密封件21b可以完全封堵注液孔k，即第一密封件21b与注液孔k的全部孔壁均密封连接。第一密封件21b也可以部分封堵注液孔k，即第一密封件21b与注液孔k的部分孔壁密封连接且封堵注液孔k。第一密封件21b可以是密封钉、密封柱、密封塞等形式。不限地，第一密封件21b与注液孔k过盈密封连接、螺纹密封连接。当第一密封件21b与注液孔k螺纹密封连接时，可以是第二孔段k2内设置有与第一密封件21b螺纹连接的内螺纹。第一密封件21b可以为橡塑件，例如橡胶、硅胶等，具体不限定。
第二密封件21c可以是密封片、密封板等构件，其能够覆盖第一密封件21b还能够与盖体a1密封连接，以对注液孔k进行二次密封。通常，第二密封件21c采用的是金属材质(如铝材)，以与盖体a1能够焊接密封。当然，第二密封件21c也不限于金属材质，其与盖体a1胶粘密封时也可以采取塑胶材质。
上述端盖组件21，由于注液孔k构造形成可使得电解液无障碍流动到电池单体20内部的结构，电解液基本不会残留在注液孔k内，如此在对注液孔k进行二次密封时，在焊接第二密封件21c时不会因气化的电解液穿透熔池而导致焊接缺陷的出现，进而可以避免因焊接缺陷造成的注液孔k密封可靠性降低的问题。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图11和图12，盖体a1包括盖部a11和注液台a12，盖部a11具有构造面s，构造面s与电池单体20内部相背离，注液台a12凸设于构造面s上，注液孔k贯通盖部a11和注液孔k。其中，第二密封件21c具有相连的第一密封部c1和第二密封部c2，第一密封部c1覆盖于第一密封件21b背离电池单体20内部的一侧，第二密封部c2相对第一密封部c1朝电池单体20内部弯折设置、并与注液台a12的外周侧壁w密封连接。
关于盖部a11、注液台a12、注液台a12的外周侧壁w等名词的描述详见上述实施例中的介绍，在此不赘述。
第二密封部c2可以连接第一密封部c1边缘的全部而围绕第一密封部c1连续设置，也可以仅连接在第一密封部c1边缘的部分上，第二密封部c2可以有多个，多个第二密封部c2沿第一密封部c1边缘间隔布置。第一密封部c1与第二密封部c2可以事先成型为呈夹角的结构，也可以是在二次密封时现场进行弯折进行呈夹角的结构。第一密封部c1与第一密封部c1可以是一体式连接。
将第一密封件21b安装在注液孔k内后，安装第二密封件21c以进行二次密封。具体地，先将第二密封件21c的第一密封部c1覆设在第一密封件21b背离电池单体20内部的一侧，此时第一密封部c1可以与注液台a12的端壁贴合(如第一密封件21b未超 出注液台a12的范围时)，第一密封部c1也可以第一密封件21b超出注液台a12的部分贴合。然后，将第二密封件21c的第二密封部c2相对第一密封部c1朝向电池单体20的内部弯折至与注液孔k的外周侧壁w贴合。最后，固定连接第二密封件21c与注液台a12(如焊接、粘接等)。
如此，第二密封件21c经由第一密封部c1和第二密封部c2进行二次密封，密封面积大，密封效果好。同时，第一密封部c1与第二密封部c2弯折设置形成迂回的密封路径，进一提高了密封效果。
在一些实施例中，参照图12，注液台a12具有外周侧壁w，外周侧壁w环绕注液孔k的轴向设置，外周侧壁w上构造有朝向注液孔k凹陷的卷边槽h。其中，第二密封部c2包括相连的第一卷边段c21和第二卷边段c22，第一卷边段c21连接第一密封部c1、且相对第一密封部c1朝电池单体20内部弯折设置，第一卷边段c21与外周侧壁w密封连接，第二卷边段c22相对第一卷边段c21朝注液孔k弯折设置、并密封连接于卷边槽h内。
关于卷边槽h的介绍详见上述实施例，在此不赘述。
第一卷边段c21相对第一密封部c1朝电池单体20内部弯折设置，第二卷边段c22相对第一卷边段c21朝注液孔k弯折设置。第一卷边段c21、第二卷边段c22可以直接成型为呈弯折的结构，也可以二次密封时现场卷成弯折的结构。第二卷边段c22可以连接在第一卷边段c21边缘的部分上，也可以连接第一卷边段c21边缘的全部上。
在对第二密封件21c进行卷边时，待第二密封件21c的第一密封部c1覆盖与注液台a12的端壁或者第一密封件21b超出注液台a12的部分上后，将第一卷边段c21朝电池单体20内部进行弯折，而后将第二卷边段c22朝注液孔k弯折并深入到卷边槽h内，最后将第二密封件21c与注液台a12固定(如焊接、粘接)。
具体操作时，第二密封件21c可以选用一密封板，先将密封板覆设在注液台a12的端壁或者第一密封件21b超出注液台a12的部分上，而后沿注液台a12的外周侧壁w弯折密封板，而后朝注液孔k弯折密封板的端部至卷边槽h内。此时，密封板中覆设在注液台a12的端壁或者第一密封件21b超出注液台a12的部分上的密封板部分构成第一密封部c1，密封板中与注液台a12的外周侧壁w贴合的部分形成第一卷边段c21，密封板中伸入到卷边槽h内的部分形成第二卷边段c22。
此时，第二密封件21c可以与卷边槽h的槽壁、部分外周侧壁w以及全部端壁密封连接，注液台a12与第二密封件21c的密封面积大大提高，同时由卷边槽h、外周侧壁w以及端壁组成的迂回路线提高了第二密封件21c的密封效果。而且，第一密封部c1、第一卷边段c21和第二卷边段c22构成的钩状结构还可以加强第二密封件21c与注液台a12之间的固定。
图14为本申请一些实施例中第二密封件21c的一种状态图。在一些实施例中，请参照图12和图14，第二密封件21c包括层叠设置的热熔层c3和导热层c4，热熔层c3位于导热层c4和盖体a1之间，热熔层c3被构造为受热能够熔融以密封连接导热层c4和盖体a1。
热熔层c3是指能够在环境温度升高时熔融并在冷却时硬化并粘接连接导热层c4和盖体a1的层结构，热熔层c3可以由熔融温度较低的热塑性粘接材料(如聚丙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚烯烃、聚乳酸等)形成的热熔胶膜层。
导热层c4是具有导热性能的材料层，可以但不限于金属层(如铝层、不锈钢层)、陶瓷层(如氧化铝、氧化硅等)。可以地，导热层c4具有一定韧性，以方便弯折。
将第二密封件21c覆盖到位后(若需要弯折，则在弯折形成有第一卷边段c21、第二卷边段c22后)加热导热层c4，导热层c4的热量传递给热熔层c3并将热熔层c3熔融，熔融的热熔材料具有一定的流动性，能够充满导热层c4和注液台a12(和/或第一密封件21b)之间的空间，实现第二密封件21c的有效密封及有效固定。
此时，利用热熔层c3粘接导热层c4和注液台a12(和/或第一密封件21b)，由于其热熔温度远远低于焊接时产生的高温，因此能够缓解甚至避免电解液的气化，由此可避免因气化的电解液穿透热熔层c3而降低粘接强度、影响密封效果的问题。
图13为本申请一些实施例中第一密封件21b的结构示意图。在一些实施例中，请一并参照图11和图13，第一密封件21b包括沿厚度方向F邻接的主体部b1和定位部b2，主体部b1密封配接于注液孔k内，定位部b2位于注液孔k之外、并搭接于盖体a1背离电池单体20内部的表面上。第二密封件21c密封覆设在定位部b2上。
主体部b1是第一密封件21b中完全位于注液孔k内的部分，用于与注液孔k配合并相密封。定位部b2是第一密封中超出注液孔k且位于注液孔k上方的部分，其与盖体a1(具体可以是注液的端壁)搭接。
在安装第一密封件21b时，其主体部b1先伸入注液孔k内并封堵注液孔k，随着主体部b1的不断下沉，定位部b2逐渐靠近盖体a1(具体可以是注液的端壁)，当定位部b2与盖体a1(具体可以是注液的端壁)搭接时，主体部b1下沉到位，此时第一密封件21b安装到位。
其中，第二密封件21c密封覆设在定位部b2上，具体可以是第一密封部c1覆设在定位部b2上。
如此，可根据定位部b2是否与盖体a1搭接来判断第一密封件21b是否安装到位，使得第一密封件21b的安装更加方便。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图11和图13，第一密封件21b还包括位于注液孔k之外的限位部b3，主体部b1连接于限位部b3和定位部b2之间，限位部b3与盖体a1 朝向电池单体20内部的表面相抵靠。
限位部b3是第一密封件21b中位于注液孔k下方，即位于电池单体20内部的部分，其在注液孔k的径向上的尺寸大于注液孔k，以在进入到电池单体20内部后与盖体a1的内内表面(即盖体a1朝向电池单体20内部的表面)相抵靠。
可理解地，限位部b3较薄且具有一定的柔性/韧性，以通过注液孔k并伸入电池单体20内部。限位部b3在注液孔k的径向上的尺寸稍大于注液孔k，以方便限位部b3伸入电池单体20内部。
当第一密封件21b安装到位后，通过其定位部b2和限位部b3将其限位在盖体a1上，可有效防止第一密封件21b脱落。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种电池单体20，包括壳体22、电极组件23和上述任一实施例中的端盖组件21，壳体22围合形成具有开口的容纳腔，电极组件23容纳于容纳腔，端盖21a盖合于开口处。
第四方面，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括上述实施例中的电池单体20。
第五方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例中的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种端盖，用于电池单体，所述端盖包括：
    盖体，具有贯通自身厚度方向两侧的注液孔，所述注液孔包括第一孔段和第二孔段，所述第一孔段和所述第二孔段沿所述盖体的厚度方向自上而下开设；所述第一孔段与所述第二孔段彼此靠近的两端连通；
    其中，所述第一孔段用于容置注液嘴，且至少部分孔壁与所述注液嘴外壁相贴合并构造形成一防溢区；所述防溢区位于所述注液嘴中注液口的上方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖，其中，所述第一孔段的孔壁完全贴合于所述注液嘴的外壁，且所述注液嘴的注液口伸入所述第二孔段内。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖，其中，所述第一孔段的孔径自上而下逐渐减小，所述第二孔段与所述第一孔段连接的一端为第一交界端，所述第一交界端的孔径等于或大于所述第一孔段的最小孔径。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖，其中，所述注液孔还包括第三孔段，所述第一孔段连通于所述第三孔段与所述第二孔段之间；
    其中，所述第三孔段与所述第一孔段连接的一端为第二交界端，所述第二交界端的孔径等于或大于所述第一孔段的最大孔径。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖，其中，所述第一孔段的孔壁与所述盖体厚度方向之间的夹角为第一夹角α，其中，0°≤α≤45°。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的端盖，其中，所述盖体包括盖部和注液台；所述盖部具有构造面，所述构造面与所述电池单体内部相背离，所述注液台凸设于所述构造面上，所述注液孔贯通所述盖部和所述注液台。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖，其中，所述注液台具有外周侧壁，所述外周侧壁环绕所述注液孔的轴向设置，所述外周侧壁上构造有朝向所述注液孔凹陷的卷边槽。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的端盖，其中，所述盖部构造有避让槽，所述避让槽朝所述电池单体内部凹陷，所述避让槽的底面作为所述构造面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖，其中，所述卷边槽的凹陷深度为第一尺寸D1，所述卷边槽在所述厚度方向上的宽度为第二尺寸D2，所述避让槽的与所述卷边槽的槽底相对设置的侧壁为第一侧壁，在与所述厚度方向垂直的方向上，所述卷边槽的槽底与所述第一侧壁之间的距离为第三尺寸D3；
    其中，D1≥0.5mm，D2≥0.5mm，且2≥D1/D2≥0.5，D3≥3D1。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的端盖，其中，所述端盖还包括挡板，所述挡板设置 于所述盖体朝向所述电池单体内部的一侧，且阻挡于电解液从所述注液孔径直流向所述电池单体内部的流动路径上。
  11. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，所述端盖组件包括：
    如权利要求1至10任一项所述的端盖；
    第一密封件，设于所述注液孔内且封堵所述第一孔段和所述第二孔段；及
    第二密封件，覆盖于所述第一密封件背离所述电池单体内部的一侧，并与所述盖体密封连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的端盖组件，其中，所述盖体包括盖部和注液台；所述盖部具有构造面，所述构造面与所述电池单体内部相背离，所述注液台凸设于所述构造面上，所述注液孔贯通所述盖部和所述注液台；
    其中，所述第二密封件具有相连的第一密封部和第二密封部，所述第一密封部覆盖于所述第一密封件背离所述电池单体内部的一侧，所述第二密封部相对所述第一密封部朝所述电池单体内部弯折设置、并与所述注液台的外周侧壁密封连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的端盖组件，其中，所述外周侧壁环绕所述注液孔的轴向设置，所述外周侧壁上构造有朝向所述注液孔凹陷的卷边槽；
    其中，所述第二密封部包括相连的第一卷边段和第二卷边段，所述第一卷边段连接所述第一密封部、且相对所述第一密封部朝所述电池单体内部弯折设置，所述第一卷边段与所述外周侧壁密封连接，所述第二卷边段相对所述第一卷边段朝所述注液孔弯折设置、并密封连接于所述卷边槽内。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第二密封件包括层叠设置的热熔层和导热层，所述热熔层位于所述导热层和所述盖体之间，所述热熔层被构造为受热能够熔融以密封连接所述导热层和所述盖体。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一密封件包括沿所述厚度方向邻接的主体部和定位部，所述主体部密封配接于所述注液孔内，所述定位部位于所述注液孔之外、并搭接于所述盖体背离所述电池单体内部的表面上；
    所述第二密封件密封覆设在所述定位部上。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一密封件还包括位于所述注液孔之外的限位部，所述主体部连接于所述限位部和所述定位部之间，所述限位部与所述盖体朝向所述电池单体内部的表面相抵靠。
  17. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，围合形成具有开口的容纳腔；
    电极组件，容纳于所述容纳腔；及
    如权利要求11至16任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖盖合于所述开口处。
  18. 一种电池，包括如权利要求17所述的电池单体。
  19. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求18所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/109650 2022-06-20 2022-08-02 端盖、端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023245819A1 (zh)

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