WO2023142969A1 - 壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142969A1
WO2023142969A1 PCT/CN2023/070992 CN2023070992W WO2023142969A1 WO 2023142969 A1 WO2023142969 A1 WO 2023142969A1 CN 2023070992 W CN2023070992 W CN 2023070992W WO 2023142969 A1 WO2023142969 A1 WO 2023142969A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seaming
main body
solder
battery
opening
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/070992
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李萌
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023142969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142969A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/167—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by crimping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/169—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by welding, brazing or soldering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of battery production, and in particular to a housing, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the energy generation in the battery mainly depends on the electrode assembly, and the chemical reaction of the electrode assembly in the electrolyte outputs electric energy to the outside of the battery.
  • the electrode assembly is packaged in a closed environment in the battery case.
  • connection of the battery casing has problems of insufficient strength and poor sealing performance after molding.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a casing, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can ensure the sealing performance of the connection of the battery cell casing while strengthening the connection strength of the connection of the battery cell casing .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a casing for a battery cell.
  • the casing includes a main body, a cover, and solder.
  • the main body includes a main body with an opening, and a A first seam portion on the edge of the opening;
  • the covering member includes a lid portion, and a second seam portion surrounding the edge of the lid portion; the first seam portion and the second seam portion are configured to be connected by solder to Close the cover part to the opening of the main body part.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery cell, the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and the above casing, and the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery, which includes the above-mentioned battery cells.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a processing device for making the above-mentioned casing, the processing device includes a pressure head, a seaming wheel and a heating element, and the pressure head is used to press the cover part on the main part;
  • the wheel is provided with a pressure groove, and the inner wall of the pressure groove is used to seal the main part and the cover part, so that the main part and the cover part respectively form the first seam sealing part and the second seam sealing part;
  • the heating element is arranged in the pressure groove Inside, the heating element is used for heating the brazing material between the main body and the lid during the process of sealing the body and lid with the inner wall of the pressure groove.
  • the first seam portion of the main body is seamed with the second seam portion of the lid, and the first seam portion is sealed with the second seam portion.
  • the two sealing parts are also connected by solder. After the first seaming part and the second seaming part are brazed, the connection strength of the seaming part between the main body part and the cover part can be strengthened. At the same time, the airtightness between the first sealing part and the second sealing part can be ensured due to the interatomic connection force formed between the solder and the first sealing part and the second sealing part, eliminating the risk of water vapor penetration , to ensure the sealing performance of the shell connection.
  • the solder has a melting temperature lower than 460°C.
  • the solder is aluminum-based solder or zinc-based solder. Since aluminum-based brazing filler metal and zinc-based brazing filler metal are mainly used in the brazing of aluminum and aluminum alloys, the aluminum-based brazing filler metal and zinc-based brazing filler metal can be better adapted to Brazing of battery case.
  • the first seam portion surrounds a side of the edge of the main body away from the opening. In this way, the commonly used crimping type sealing machine can be used to complete the roll sealing, which is convenient for processing.
  • the main body part includes a cylindrical first part and a conical second part, the first part is connected to the second part, and the second part is also connected to the first sealing part, wherein the second part is connected to the first sealing part.
  • the diameter of one end connected to one part is larger than the diameter of one end connected to the first seaming part of the second part.
  • the first seaming part includes a first bent part formed by bending the opening edge of the main body, and the first bent part is used to accommodate solder; and/or, the second seaming part includes a self- The second bent part is formed by bending the edge of the covering part, and the second bent part is used for accommodating solder.
  • the inner side of the first bending part and/or the second bending part forms an inner space, and the brazing material can be filled in the inner space after heating and melting, which is beneficial to ensure the sealing of the joint and prevent external water vapor or impurities from entering the shell body interior.
  • the first seaming part includes an end connected to the edge of the opening of the main body part and an end away from the opening, and the second bending part is used to accommodate the end of the first seaming part away from the opening and solder; and/ Alternatively, the second seaming portion includes an end connected to the covering portion and an end away from the covering portion, and the first bending portion is used for accommodating the end of the second seaming portion away from the covering portion and solder.
  • the space formed inside the first sealing part can also accommodate one end of the second sealing part in addition to accommodating solder; and/or, the space formed inside the second sealing part can also accommodate solder One end of the first seaming part can be accommodated, so that the casing is connected by solder while being seamed, so as to achieve a good sealing effect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the battery cell provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the A-A direction in Fig. 4 when the battery cell casing adopts a double-sealing structure;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of part B in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the A-A direction in Fig. 4 when the battery cell casing adopts another double-sealing structure;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of part C in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the A-A direction in Fig. 4 when the battery cell casing adopts a single-sealing structure;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of part D in Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the first seaming wheel used for seaming provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the second seaming wheel provided by the embodiment of the present application when two seaming wheels are used;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the lid provided in the embodiment of the present application before rolling;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the lid member pressed against the main body member before being rolled and sealed according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • a battery cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • the electrode assembly located in the battery cell casing can undergo a chemical reaction in the electrolyte, thereby outputting electrical energy to the outside of the battery cell.
  • the casing of the battery cell includes a main body and a cover.
  • the main body has an inner cavity and an opening communicating with the inner cavity.
  • the electrode assembly is placed in the inner cavity of the main body. By closing the cover on the opening of the main body
  • the inner cavity of the main body is sealed to seal the electrode assembly in an airtight environment.
  • the junction of the battery cell casing that is, the connection effect of the junction of the main part and the cover part directly affects the performance of the electrode assembly.
  • connection between the main part and the cover part is implemented in the form of seam sealing, and the cover part is connected to the main part through seam sealing.
  • the curling of the lid (the edge portion of the lid and the main body) and the curling of the main body (the opening edge of the main body) are rolled together and rolled into one, through The intertwined portion of the cover part and the main part is pressurized from the outside, so that the cover part and the main part are firmly combined.
  • brazing strengthens the connection strength. Specifically, when the main body part is connected with the cover part in a roll-sealing form, brazing is performed at the junction of the main part and the cover part.
  • the main part and the cover part are rolled together, and the joining of the main part and the cover part can be quickly performed through bending.
  • brazing is performed on the junction between the main body part and the cover part. Brazing can improve the connection strength at the junction where the main body and the lid are rolled together.
  • the connection between the solder, the main part and the cover part is the interatomic force, which can ensure the sealing performance of the joint between the main part and the cover part, and eliminate the risk of water vapor penetration.
  • the housing disclosed in the embodiments of the present application and the battery cells can be used in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts, but not limited to.
  • Electric devices can be but not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • the power supply system comprising the electric device disclosed in this application can be used, so that it is convenient to provide electric drive for the electric device and save the occupied space of the electric device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • a battery 1010 is provided inside the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 1010 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 1010 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 1010 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , used for the circuit system of the vehicle 1000 , for example, used for starting, navigating, and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 1010 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving force for the vehicle.
  • a motor 1030 and a controller 1020 can also be provided inside the vehicle 1000.
  • the controller 1020 is used to control the battery 1010 to supply power to the motor 1030, for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery in an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery 1010 , and the battery 1010 may be a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery 1010 includes a case 100 and a battery cell 200 , and the battery cell 200 is housed in the case 100 .
  • the box body 100 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 200 , and the box body 100 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 100 may include an accommodating portion 101 and a covering portion 102 , the accommodating portion 101 and the covering portion 102 are mutually covered, and the accommodating portion 101 and the covering portion 102 jointly define an accommodating battery cell 200 of accommodation space.
  • the receiving part 101 can be a hollow structure with one end open or two ends open, and the covering part 102 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the covering part 102 is covered on the opening side of the receiving part 101, so that the receiving part 101 and the covering part 102 can cooperate with each other.
  • a receiving space is defined; the receiving part 101 and the covering part 102 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the opening side of the covering part 102 covers the opening side of the receiving part 101 .
  • the box body 100 formed by the accommodating part 101 and the covering part 102 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 1010 there may be multiple battery cells 200 , and the multiple battery cells 200 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 200 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 200 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 200 is housed in the box 100; of course, the battery 1010 can also be a plurality of battery cells 200
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or in parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole and accommodated in the box 100 .
  • the battery 1010 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 1010 may also include a bus component for realizing the electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 200 .
  • each battery cell 200 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 200 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG 3 and Figure 4 respectively show the three-dimensional structure and front view structure of the battery cell provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 shows the cross-sectional structure along the A-A direction in Figure 4
  • Figure 6 shows the Enlarged structure of part B.
  • the battery cell 200 includes an electrode assembly 40 , a casing and other functional components.
  • the electrode assembly 40 is a part where an electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 200 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 40 may be contained within the case.
  • the electrode assembly 40 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main part of the electrode assembly 40 , and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body part together or at both ends of the main body part respectively.
  • the housing of the battery cell 200 includes a main body 10, a cover 20 and a solder 30.
  • the main body 10 includes a main body 11 with an opening, and a first seam portion 12 surrounding the opening edge of the main body 11;
  • the component 20 includes a covering part 21, and a second seaming part 22 surrounding the edge of the covering part 21; the first seaming part 12 and the second seaming part 22 are configured to be connected by solder 30, so that the covering part 21 covers the opening of the main body 11 .
  • the main body 10 is used to cooperate with the cover 20 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 200 casing, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 40 , electrolyte and other components.
  • An opening can be provided on the main body 10 , and the internal environment of the casing of the battery cell 200 can be formed by covering the opening with the cover 20 .
  • the main body 10 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the main body 10 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 40 .
  • the main body 10 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the cover member 20 refers to a part that covers the opening of the main body 10 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 200 housing from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover part 20 can be adapted to the shape of the main part 10 to cooperate with the main part 10 .
  • the cover 20 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover 20 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 200 casing can With higher structural strength, safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals may be provided on the cover 20 .
  • the electrode terminal may be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 40 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 200 .
  • the cover 20 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the casing of the battery cell 200 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the cover part 20 can also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the cover 20 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the main body 10 from the cover 20 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the first seaming portion 12 is a portion of the main body 10 that is seamed together with the second seaming portion 22 of the lid 20 .
  • the first seaming portion 12 is bent from the opening edge of the main body 11 during seaming. Without limitation, in a specific seaming process, the first seaming portion 12 can be bent once, twice or more times.
  • the second seaming portion 22 is a portion of the lid member 20 that is seamed together with the first seam portion 12 of the main body 10 , and the second seam portion 22 is bent from an edge of the lid portion 21 during seaming.
  • the second seaming portion 22 can be bent once, twice or more times.
  • the first seaming portion 12 of the main body 10 is seamed with the second seaming portion 22 of the lid 20 , and the first seaming portion 12 and the second seaming portion 22 are further sealed.
  • the connection is via solder 30 .
  • the connection strength of the seaming part between the main body part 10 and the lid part 20 can be strengthened.
  • the airtightness between the first sealing part 12 and the second sealing part 22 can be ensured. , Eliminate the risk of water vapor penetration and ensure the sealing performance of the shell joints.
  • laser welding is used to seal the joints of the casings, and the joints formed by laser welding have higher sealing performance.
  • the sealing speed is slow and the production efficiency is low.
  • welding spatter (such as metal dust) generated during laser welding is easy to disperse into the casing of the battery cell 200 , causing adverse effects on the electrode assembly 40 .
  • the temperature of laser welding is relatively high, and the material of the shell of the battery cell 200 needs to be heated to a molten state, which will destroy the original state of the shell of the battery cell 200 .
  • brazing can make the junction of the shell connection have higher sealing performance. At the same time, no welding spatter is produced. Moreover, during brazing, there will be no adverse effects on the main body 10 and the cover 20 , and the original state of the main body 10 and the lid 20 will not be damaged. Brazing can also be performed simultaneously with seaming without affecting the production line beat.
  • the melting point of the solder 30 is lower than 460° C. (Celsius).
  • the solder 30 in actual use is divided into low-melting solder 30 (melting temperature lower than 460° C.) and high-melting solder 30 (melting temperature higher than 460° C.).
  • low-melting solder 30 with a melting point temperature lower than 460°C can reduce the heating temperature when the main body 10 is connected to the lid 20, thereby avoiding damage to the electrode assembly 40 during the heating of the solder 30 due to excessive temperature. damage to avoid affecting the performance of the electrode assembly 40.
  • the solder 30 is aluminum-based solder or zinc-based solder.
  • the brazing filler metal 30 wets the base metal and forms a solid solution structure with the base metal during welding to achieve close bonding of the welding materials.
  • Different types of brazing filler metal 30 have different welding effects on materials.
  • Aluminum-based solder is based on aluminum-silicon, aluminum-copper-silicon eutectic alloy, and other elements are added to generate solder 30.
  • aluminum-silicon solder, aluminum-silicon-copper solder, and aluminum-silicon-copper-zinc solder can be used.
  • Three categories Zinc-based solder is based on zinc, with a small amount of aluminum, silver, copper and other elements added. Both aluminum-based solder and zinc-based solder are mainly used in brazing of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials.
  • the casing of the battery cell 200 is usually made of aluminum, aluminum-based brazing filler metal or zinc-based brazing filler metal is used for welding, which can better adapt to the joint of the casing connection of the battery cell 200 .
  • the first seaming portion 12 surrounds the side of the edge of the main body portion 11 away from the opening.
  • the first seam portion 12 surrounds the side of the main body portion 11 away from the opening, that is, the first seam portion 12 surrounds the periphery of the body portion 11 .
  • the difficulty of seaming can be reduced.
  • the cover part 20 on the main body part 10 only need to press the cover part 20 on the main body part 10, apply pressure to the main body part 10 from the periphery of the main body part 10 through the seaming wheel, and then the seaming can be performed. It can be sealed with a commonly used curling type sealing machine, which is easier to realize in terms of technology.
  • the main body 11 includes a cylindrical first part 111 and a conical second part 112, the first part 111 is connected to the second part 112, and the second part 112 is also connected to the second part 112.
  • a seam portion 12 is connected, wherein the diameter of the end of the second portion 112 connected to the first portion 111 is greater than the diameter of the end of the second portion 112 connected to the first seam portion 12 .
  • the first part 111 and the second part 112 are two parts with different shapes in the main body part 11 , and meanwhile, the second part 112 is also connected with the first sealing part 12 .
  • An end of the second part 112 connected to the first sealing part 12 is an open end of the main body part 11 .
  • the number of the second part 112 can be one or two.
  • the first part 111 is a cylindrical structure with one end open and one end closed.
  • the first part 111 is a cylindrical structure with both ends open.
  • the case where the main body 11 has two second parts 112 is taken as an example for illustration.
  • the part connecting the main body 11 and the first seaming part 12 that is, the second part 112 into a truncated cone shape
  • sufficient space can be reserved for the seaming structure formed by the first seaming part 12 and the second seaming part 22. Space.
  • the seaming structure is prevented from protruding from the outside of the main body 10 , so as to avoid occupying space by the seaming structure when the battery cells 200 form the battery module, so as to avoid affecting the energy density of the battery module.
  • the seam structure formed by the first seam portion 12 and the second seam portion 22 can be kept flush with the first portion 111 in the height direction. status.
  • the seaming structure can also be kept inside the first part 111 in the height direction.
  • the first seaming portion 12 includes a first bending portion 121 bent from the opening edge of the main body 11, and the first bending portion 121 is used to accommodate the solder 30;
  • the second sealing part 22 includes a second bent part 221 formed from the edge of the covering part 21 , and the second bent part 221 is used to accommodate the solder 30 .
  • the first bending part 121 and the second bending part 221 are the bending parts on the first seaming part 12 and the second seaming part 22 respectively, and the first seaming part 12 and/or the second seaming part 22 also It includes a cylindrical portion connected to a bent portion.
  • the internal space formed by the inner side of the first bending part 121 and/or the second bending part 221 can be used to accommodate the heated and melted solder 30 .
  • the heated and melted solder 30 flows into the internal space formed by the first sealing part 12 and/or the second sealing part 22 and fills the internal space. After the heated and melted solder 30 cools down, the first sealing part 12 and the second sealing part 22 can be firmly fixed together. It is beneficial to ensure the tightness of the joint and prevent external water vapor or impurities from entering the inside of the shell.
  • the size of the internal space formed inside the first bent portion 121 and/or the second bent portion 221 may match the volume of the solder 30 . So that the heated and melted solder 30 will not overflow due to the small space at the bend. For example, in some embodiments, it is sufficient to allow the solder 30 to fill three quarters of the inner space at the top in the height direction.
  • the first seaming portion 12 includes an end connected to the edge of the opening of the main body 11, and an end away from the opening of the main body 11, and the second bending portion 221 is used to accommodate The end of the first seaming part 12 away from the opening of the main body part 11 and the solder 30;
  • the folding portion 121 is used for accommodating an end of the second sealing portion 22 away from the covering portion 21 and the solder 30 .
  • the first sealing part 12 has two ends, one end is connected with the opening edge of the main body part 11, and the other end is a free end.
  • the second seaming portion 22 also has two ends, one of which is connected to the covering portion 21 and the other end is a free end.
  • the first seaming portion 12 and the second seaming portion 22 are bent during seaming. After the first seaming portion 12 and the second seaming portion 22 are seamed, the first bending portion 121 accommodates the end of the second seaming portion 22 away from the covering portion 21, and/or, the second bending portion 221 accommodates An end of the first sealing portion 12 away from the opening of the main body portion 11 .
  • the inner space formed inside the first seam portion 12 can also accommodate the end of the second seam portion 22 away from the cover portion 21 in addition to containing the solder 30; and/or, the second seam portion 22 inside The formed inner space can also accommodate the end of the first sealing part 12 away from the opening of the main body part 11 in addition to containing the solder 30 .
  • the casing is connected by the brazing material 30 at the same time of rolling sealing, so as to achieve a good sealing effect.
  • a common double seam structure can be adopted between the main body part 10 and the cover part 20 .
  • the second seaming portion 22 of the cover member 20 can be seamed to the outside of the main body 10 (ie the side away from the opening of the main body 10 ) or the inside (ie the side close to the center of the opening of the main body 10 ).
  • the first seaming portion 12 When the second seaming portion 22 of the lid 20 is seamed to the outside of the main body 10, the first seaming portion 12 has a bent portion and two cylindrical portions, and the second seaming portion 22 has two curved portions. folded part and three cylindrical parts. As shown in Figure 6, a cylindrical portion of the first seaming portion 12 surrounds the outside of the main body 10, a cylindrical portion of the second seaming portion 22 is vertically connected to the lid portion 21, and the second seaming portion 22 The other two cylindrical parts of the first seam part 12 are distributed on both sides of the other cylindrical part.
  • the difficulty of the seaming process can be reduced, and the seaming process can be completed by using a commonly used seaming type sealing machine to realize the shell connection. roll seal.
  • the first seaming part 12 When the second seaming part 22 of the cover part 20 is rolled to the inner side of the main part 10, the first seaming part 12 has two bent parts and two cylindrical parts, and the second seaming part 22 has a bent part. folded part and two cylindrical parts. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , the two cylindrical parts of the first seaming part 12 surround the inner side of the main body 10 , and the two cylindrical parts of the second seaming part 22 are distributed on the inside of the first seaming part 12 . The sides of a cylindrical part.
  • the outer space of the main body 10 will not be occupied by rolling the second sealing part 22 of the cover part 20 to the inside of the main body 10 . In this way, when a plurality of battery cells 200 form a battery module, no space will be wasted because the sealing structure protrudes from the outside of the main body 10 , so that the energy density of the battery module will not be affected.
  • a single-sealing structure may also be adopted between the main body part 10 and the cover part 20 .
  • the second seaming part 22 of the cover part 20 can be seamed to the inside of the main body 10
  • the first seaming part 12 has two bent parts and two cylindrical parts
  • the second The second sealing portion 22 has a bent portion and a cylindrical portion.
  • the cylindrical portion of the first seaming portion 12 surrounds the inner side of the main body 10
  • the two cylindrical portions of the first seaming portion 12 are distributed on two sides of the cylindrical portion of the second seaming portion 22 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a processing device for manufacturing a casing. It should be noted that the structure of the casing manufactured by the processing device according to the embodiment of the present application will not be repeated here. Please refer to the above embodiments of the casing. As shown in Fig. 11 and Fig.
  • the processing device includes a pressure head 50, a seaming wheel 60 and a heating element
  • the pressure head 50 is used to press the cover part 20 on the main body part 10
  • the seaming wheel 60 is provided with a pressure groove 61
  • the inner wall of the pressure groove 61 is used to seal the main body part 10 and the cover part 20, so that the first seam part 12 and the second seam part 22 are respectively formed on the main part 10 and the cover part 20
  • the heating element is used for heating the solder between the main body 10 and the lid 20 during the process of sealing the main body 10 and the lid 20 by the inner wall of the pressure groove 61 .
  • the processing device is a curling type sealing machine for seaming the connection of the shell.
  • the seaming can be completed by the joint of the seaming wheel 60 in the processing device to the casing, that is, the seaming of the main body 10 and the lid 20 can be completed.
  • a heating element may be provided at the pressure groove 61 of the seaming wheel 60 so as to heat the solder between the main body 10 and the cover 20 during the seaming process. In this way, the brazing of the main body part 10 and the cover part 20 is realized.
  • the heating element may be a heating wire or a heating sheet, specifically, the heating element may be a heating copper wire.
  • the seaming roll can be divided into the first seaming roll and the second seaming roll according to the seaming steps.
  • the first seaming wheel completes the seaming of the main body 10 and the lid 20 , so that a curl is formed between the main body 10 and the lid 20 .
  • the secondary seaming wheel completes the secondary seaming of the main body 10 and the lid 20 , so that a second seam is formed between the main body 10 and the lid 20 .
  • the main part 10 is placed on the stage of the processing device, and the cover part 20 is pressed onto the main part 10 by the pressing head 50 .
  • both the main body 10 and the lid 20 have a bent portion, and the brazing material is preset between the main body 10 and the lid 20 .
  • the brazing material can be preset between the main part 10 and the cover part 20 by preheating, and the preheating temperature is lower than the melting point of the brazing material.
  • brazing material can be pre-placed inside the bending section at the edge of the cover part 20, and then the cover part 20 is pressed against the main part 10, and the cover part 20 is pressed against the main part 10.
  • the structure is shown in Figure 14.
  • the first seaming wheel squeezes the main body 10 and the cover 20, and the edge of the main body 10 will be bent to form a side hook; at the same time, the edge of the cover 20 and the main body 10 The edges are also bent and folded towards the inside of the edge hook, creating a curl.
  • the heating element in the first seaming wheel pressure groove heats the solder 30 to make the material easier to shape, and to seal the thicker main body 10 and cover 20 so that the battery case can achieve higher durability. compressive strength.
  • the heating temperature in the first seaming wheel pressure groove does not exceed the melting point temperature of the brazing material 30, so as to prevent the preset brazing material 30 between the main part 10 and the cover part 20 from melting in advance, and cannot be filled between the main part 10 and the cover part 20.
  • Inside the bead of the closure 20 See Figure 11 for the state of one seam seal.
  • the secondary seaming wheel further presses and flattens the hooked part of the main body part 10 and the cover part 20 to form a secondary seaming.
  • the heating elements in the two seaming roll grooves heat the brazing filler metal 30 to melt the brazing filler metal 30, so as to complete the sealing and brazing at the same time.
  • the heating temperature in the secondary seaming roller pressure groove is higher than the melting temperature of the solder 30 , and the solder 30 flows and fills in the crimping gap between the main part 10 and the cover part 20 after being heated. See Figure 12 for the state of the second seam seal, and Figure 6 for the final brazed seam joint.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种壳体、电池单体(200)、电池(1010)及用电装置，其中的壳体包括主体件(10)、盖合件(20)和钎料(30)，主体件(10)包括具有开口的主体部(11)，以及环绕主体部(11)的开口边缘的第一卷封部(12)；盖合件(20)包括盖合部(21)，以及环绕盖合部(21)边缘的第二卷封部(22)；第一卷封部(12)与第二卷封部(22)被配置为通过钎料(30)连接，以将盖合部(21)盖合于主体部(11)的开口处。

Description

壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202220231976.X、申请日为2022年01月27日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池生产技术领域，特别涉及一种壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池作为日常生活中常见的能量来源，被广泛应用于各个场合。电池中能量的产生主要依靠电极组件，由电极组件在电解液中的化学反应向电池外部输出电能，电极组件被封装于电池壳体内的密闭环境中。
电池壳体在装入电极组件后，为了确保电池壳体连接处的连接效果，需要提高电池壳体连接处的连接强度。同时，为了确保电极组件不轻易受到电池外部环境的影响，以确保电极组件的使用性能，需要保持电池壳体内部环境的密闭性。但是，目前电池壳体的连接处在成型后存在强度不足，以及密封性能差的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够在加强电池单体壳体连接处的连接强度的同时，确保电池单体壳体连接处的密封性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种用于电池单体的壳体，壳体包括主体件、盖合件和钎料，主体件包括具有开口的主体部，以及环绕主体部的开口边缘的第一卷封部；盖合件包括盖合部，以及环绕盖合部边缘的第二卷封部；第一卷封部与第二卷封部被配置为通过钎料连接，以将盖合部盖合于主体部的开口处。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括电极组件和上述的壳体，电极组件容纳于壳体。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，电池包括上述的电池单体。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述的电池。
本申请实施例还提供了一种加工装置，用于制作上述的壳体，加工装置包括压头、卷封 轮和加热件，压头用于将盖合件压紧在主体件上；卷封轮设置有压槽，压槽的内壁用于卷封主体件与盖合件，以使主体件、盖合件上分别形成第一卷封部、第二卷封部；加热件设置在压槽内，加热件用于在压槽的内壁卷封主体件与盖合件的过程中，对位于主体件与盖合件之间的钎料进行加热。
本申请实施例提供的壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置中，主体件的第一卷封部与盖合件的第二卷封部卷封，并且，第一卷封部与第二卷封部还通过钎料连接。在第一卷封部与第二卷封部经过钎焊后，可以对主体件与盖合件之间的卷封部位的连接强度进行加强。同时，由于钎料与第一卷封部、第二卷封部之间形成的原子间连接力，可以确保第一卷封部与第二卷封部之间的气密性，消除水汽渗透风险，确保壳体连接处的密封性能。
在一些实施例中，钎料的熔点温度低于460℃。通过采用低熔点钎料，可以避免由于钎料的熔点温度较高而在加热钎料过程中对壳体内的电极组件造成损伤。
在一些实施例中，钎料为铝基钎料或者锌基钎料。由于铝基钎料、锌基钎料主要应用于铝及铝合金的钎焊，因此，在电池壳体通常采用铝材的情况下，铝基钎料、锌基钎料能够较好地适应对电池壳体的钎焊。
在一些实施例中，第一卷封部环绕主体部边缘远离开口的一侧。这样，可以采用常用的卷边式封口机完成卷封，加工方便。
在一些实施例中，主体部包括筒状的第一部分，以及圆台状的第二部分，第一部分与第二部分连接，第二部分还与第一卷封部连接，其中，第二部分与第一部分连接的一端的直径大于第二部分与第一卷封部连接的一端的直径。这样，圆台状的第二部分外侧可以形成避让空间，避让空间用于容纳第一卷封部与第二卷封部接合而形成的卷封结构，从而避免卷封结构凸出于筒状的第一部分的外侧，以避免在电池单体组成电池模组时因空间占用而影响电池模组的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一卷封部包括自主体部的开口边缘弯折形成的第一弯折部，第一弯折部用于容纳钎料；和/或，第二卷封部包括自盖合部边缘弯折形成的第二弯折部，第二弯折部用于容纳钎料。这样，第一弯折部和/或第二弯折部的内侧形成内部空间，钎料在加热熔融后，可以填充在内部空间中，有利于保证接头密封性，防止外界的水汽或杂质进入壳体内部。
在一些实施例中，第一卷封部包括与主体部的开口边缘连接的一端以及远离开口的一端，第二弯折部用于容纳第一卷封部远离开口的一端与钎料；和/或，第二卷封部包括与盖合部连接的一端以及远离盖合部的一端，第一弯折部用于容纳第二卷封部远离盖合部的一端与钎料。这样，第一卷封部内侧形成的空间，除了容纳钎料后，还可以容纳第二卷封部的一端；和/或，第二卷封部内侧形成的空间，除了容纳钎料后，还可以容纳第一卷封部的 一端，使得壳体通过卷封的同时通过钎料连接，实现良好的密封效果。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的立体结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的电池单体的主视结构示意图；
图5是电池单体壳体采用二重卷封结构时、沿图4中A-A向的剖视结构示意图；
图6是图5中B部的放大结构示意图；
图7是电池单体壳体采用另一种二重卷封结构时、沿图4中A-A向的剖视结构示意图；
图8是图7中C部的放大结构示意图；
图9是电池单体壳体采用单次卷封结构时、沿图4中A-A向的剖视结构示意图；
图10是图9中D部的放大结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的采用头道卷封轮进行一道卷封时的剖面结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的采用二道卷封轮进行二道卷封时的剖面结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的盖合件卷封前的剖面结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的盖合件卷封前压紧在主体件上的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
电池单体是将化学能转化为电能的装置，位于电池单体壳体内的电极组件能够在电解液中发生化学反应，从而向电池单体外部输出电能。电池单体的壳体包括主体件和盖合件，主体件具有内腔及连通内腔的开口，电极组件置于主体件的内腔中，通过将盖合件盖合于主体件的开口处对主体件的内腔进行封闭，以将电极组件封闭于密闭环境中。电池单体壳体连接处，即主体件与盖合件连接处的连接效果直接影响到电极组件的使用性能。
目前的电池单体的壳体中，主体件与盖合件之间的连接采用卷封形式实现，盖合件经卷封连接至主体件上。在卷封过程中，盖合件的卷边(盖合件与主体件卷封的边缘部分)和主体件的卷边(主体件的开口边缘部分)相互卷绕并被轧制为一体，通过从外部对盖合件与主体件相互卷绕的部分加压，将盖合件与主体件牢牢地结合在一起。
申请人发现在长时间使用电池后，壳体的主体件与盖合件的卷封部位容易形成间隙，从而影响壳体的密封性能。
为了能够在提高主体件与盖合件之间的连接强度的同时，确保主体件与盖合件之间的密封性能，申请人经过长期研究发现，可以在主体件与盖合件卷封处采用钎焊加强连接强度。具体地，主体件在与盖合件以卷封形式连接时，在主体件与盖合件的接合部位进行钎焊。
在采用这样的连接形式的电池单体的壳体中，主体件与盖合件之间卷封在一起，能够通过弯曲加工快速执行主体件与盖合件的接合。同时，对主体件与盖合件之间的接合部位进行钎焊。钎焊可以提高主体件与盖合件卷封在一起的接合部位处的连接强度。在钎料与主 体件、盖合件之间起到连接作用的为原子间作用力，可以确保主体件与盖合件之间的接合部位处的密封性能，消除水汽渗透风险。
本申请实施例公开的壳体，以及电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，便于为用电装置提供电力驱动，也能节省用电装置的占用空间。
下面以用电装置为车辆进行具体介绍。图1示出了本申请一实施例的一种车辆的结构示意图，车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置电池1010。例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池1010。电池1010可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池1010可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路系统，例如用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池1010不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分替代燃油或天然气为车辆提供驱动力。
车辆1000的内部还可以设置马达1030以及控制器1020，控制器1020用来控制电池1010为马达1030的供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
图2示出了本申请一实施例中的电池的结构示意图。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，参阅图2，本申请一实施例提供的一种电池1010，该电池1010可以是电池模组，也可以是电池包。该电池1010包括箱体100和电池单体200，电池单体200容纳于箱体100内。其中，箱体100用于为电池单体200提供容纳空间，箱体100可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体100可以包括容纳部分101和盖合部分102，容纳部分101与盖合部分102相互盖合，容纳部分101和盖合部分102共同限定出用于容纳电池单体200的容纳空间。容纳部分101可以为一端开口或两端开口的空心结构，盖合部分102可以为板状结构，盖合部分102盖合于容纳部分101的开口侧，以使容纳部分101与盖合部分102共同限定出容纳空间；容纳部分101和盖合部分102也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，盖合部分102的开口侧盖合于容纳部分101的开口侧。当然，容纳部分101和盖合部分102形成的箱体100可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池1010中，电池单体200可以是多个，多个电池单体200之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体200中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体200之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体200构成的整体容纳于箱体100内；当然，电池 1010也可以是多个电池单体200先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体100内。电池1010还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池1010还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体200之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体200可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体200可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
图3和图4分别示出了本申请实施例提供的电池单体的立体结构和主视结构，图5示出了沿图4中A-A向的剖视结构，图6示出了图5中B部的放大结构。电池单体200包括电极组件40、壳体及其他的功能性部件。
电极组件40是电池单体200中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件40。电极组件40主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件40的主体部分，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部分的一端或是分别位于主体部分的两端。在电池单体的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
电池单体200的壳体包括主体件10、盖合件20和钎料30，主体件10包括具有开口的主体部11，以及环绕主体部11的开口边缘的第一卷封部12；盖合件20包括盖合部21，以及环绕盖合部21边缘的第二卷封部22；第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22被配置为通过钎料30连接，以将盖合部21盖合于主体部11的开口处。
主体件10是用于配合盖合件20以形成电池单体200壳体的内部环境的部件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件40、电解液以及其他部件。可以于主体件10上设置开口，通过在开口处使盖合件20盖合开口以形成电池单体200壳体的内部环境。主体件10可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，主体件10的形状可以根据电极组件40的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。主体件10的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
盖合件20是指盖合于主体件10的开口处以将电池单体200壳体的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，盖合件20的形状可以与主体件10的形状相适应以配合主体件10。可选地，盖合件20可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，盖合件20在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体200壳体能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖合件20上可以设置有如电极端子等的功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件40电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体200的电能。在一些实施例中，盖合件20上还可以设置有用于在电池单体200壳体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。盖合件20的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑 胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在盖合件20的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离主体件10内的电连接部件与盖合件20，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
第一卷封部12是主体件10中与盖合件20的第二卷封部22卷封在一起的部分，第一卷封部12在卷封时自主体部11的开口边缘弯折。不限地，在具体卷封过程中，第一卷封部12可以弯折一次，两次或者更多的次数。
第二卷封部22是盖合件20中与主体件10的第一卷封部12卷封在一起的部分，第二卷封部22在卷封时自盖合部21的边缘弯折。不限地，在具体卷封过程中，第二卷封部22可以弯折一次，两次或者更多的次数。
本申请实施例提供的壳体，主体件10的第一卷封部12与盖合件20的第二卷封部22卷封，并且，第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22还通过钎料30连接。在第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22经过钎焊后，可以对主体件10与盖合件20之间的卷封部位的连接强度进行加强。同时，由于钎料30与第一卷封部12、第二卷封部22之间形成的原子间连接力，可以确保第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22之间的气密性，消除水汽渗透风险，确保壳体连接处的密封性能。
另外，在一些电池单体200的壳体中，壳体连接处会采用激光焊接进行封口，通过激光焊接形成的接合部位具有较高的密封性能。但是，激光焊接时，密封速度慢导致生产效率低。并且，激光焊接时产生的焊接飞溅物(如金属粉尘)易分散至电池单体200的壳体的内部，对电极组件40造成不良影响。而且激光焊接的温度较高，需要将电池单体200的壳体的材料加热至熔融状态，这会破坏电池单体200的壳体的原有状态。
而钎焊相较于激光焊接，能够使壳体连接处的接合部位具有较高的密封性能。同时，还不会产生焊接飞溅物。并且，钎焊时不会对主体件10与盖合件20造成不良影响，不会破坏主体件10与盖合件20的原有状态。钎焊还可以与卷封同步进行，不会影响产线节拍。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，钎料30的熔点温度低于460℃(摄氏度)。
实际使用中的钎料30分为低熔点钎料30(熔点温度低于460℃)和高熔点钎料30(熔点温度高于460℃)。
采用熔点温度低于460℃的低熔点钎料30，可以降低主体件10与盖合件20连接时的加热温度，从而避免由于温度过高而在加热钎料30的过程中对电极组件40造成损伤，以避免影响电极组件40的性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，钎料30为铝基钎料或者锌基钎料。
钎料30在焊接时通过润湿母材并和母材形成固溶体之类的结构以实现焊接材料的紧密结合，不同类型的钎料30对材料的焊接效果有所不同。铝基钎料是以铝硅、铝铜硅共晶合 金为基础，添加其他元素所生成的钎料30，一般使用的可以为铝硅钎料、铝硅铜钎料、铝硅铜锌钎料三类。锌基钎料以锌为基体，添加少量的铝、银、铜等元素。铝基钎料、锌基钎料均主要应用于铝及铝合金材料的钎焊。
由于电池单体200的壳体通常采用铝材，因此，采用铝基钎料、锌基钎料进行焊接，可以更好地适应电池单体200的壳体连接处的接合。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，第一卷封部12环绕主体部11边缘远离开口的一侧。
第一卷封部12环绕主体部11边缘远离开口的一侧，即第一卷封部12环绕在主体部11的外围。
通过使第一卷封部12环绕在主体部11的外围，可以降低卷封难度。在卷封过程中，只需在将盖合件20压紧在主体件10的情况下，通过卷封轮从主体件10外围对主体件10施加压力，即可进行卷封。可以采用常用的卷边式封口机进行卷封，在工艺上较易实现。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，主体部11包括筒状的第一部分111，以及圆台状的第二部分112，第一部分111与第二部分112连接，第二部分112还与第一卷封部12连接，其中，第二部分112与第一部分111连接的一端的直径大于第二部分112与第一卷封部12连接的一端的直径。
第一部分111、第二部分112是主体部11中形状不同的两个部分，同时，第二部分112还与第一卷封部12连接。第二部分112与第一卷封部12连接的一端为主体部11的开口端。可选地，第二部分112的数量可以为一个或者两个，第二部分112有一个时，第一部分111为一端开口、一端有底的筒状结构。第二部分112有两个时，第一部分111为两端开口的筒状结构。本申请实施例以主体部11有两个第二部分112的情形为例进行说明。
通过将主体部11与第一卷封部12连接的部分，即第二部分112设置成圆台状，可以为第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22形成的卷封结构预留出足够的空间。避免卷封结构凸出于主体件10的外侧，从而避免电池单体200在组成电池模组时卷封结构对空间的占用，以避免影响电池模组的能量密度。
如图6所示，在第二部分112留出足够空间的情况下，可以使第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22形成的卷封结构与第一部分111在高度方向上保持平齐的状态。在一些实施例中，还可以使卷封结构在高度方向保持在第一部分111内侧的状态。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，第一卷封部12包括自主体部11的开口边缘弯折的第一弯折部121，第一弯折部121用于容纳钎料30；和/或，第二卷封部22包括自盖合部21边缘形成的第二弯折部221，第二弯折部221用于容纳钎料30。
第一弯折部121、第二弯折部221分别是第一卷封部12、第二卷封部22上的弯折部分，第一卷封部12和/或第二卷封部22还包括与弯折部分连接的筒状部分。
通过第一弯折部121和/或第二弯折部221的内侧形成的内部空间，可以用于容纳加热熔融后的钎料30。加热熔融后的钎料30会向第一卷封部12和/或第二卷封部22形成的内部空间流动，并对该内部空间进行填充。待加热熔融后的钎料30冷却后，能够将第一卷封部12和第二卷封部22牢牢地固定在一起。有利于保证接头密封性，防止外界的水汽或杂质进入壳体内部。
可选地，为了避免钎料30在加热熔融后出现溢出的情况，可以对第一弯折部121和/或第二弯折部221内侧形成的内部空间的大小与钎料30体积相匹配。以使加热熔融后的钎料30不会因为弯折处空间较小而出现溢出的情况。例如，在一些实施例中，使钎料30能够填充在高度方向上位于顶部的内部空间的四分之三即可。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，第一卷封部12包括与主体部11的开口边缘连接的一端，以及远离主体部11的开口的一端，第二弯折部221用于容纳第一卷封部12远离主体部11的开口的一端与钎料30；和/或，第二卷封部22包括与盖合部21连接的一端以及远离盖合部21的一端，第一弯折部121用于容纳第二卷封部22远离盖合部21的一端与钎料30。
第一卷封部12具有两个端部，其中一个端部与主体部11的开口边缘连接，另一个端部为自由端。第二卷封部22同样具有两个端部，其中一个端部与盖合部21连接，另一个端部为自由端。第一卷封部12和第二卷封部22在卷封时发生弯曲。在第一卷封部12与第二卷封部22卷封后，第一弯折部121容纳第二卷封部22远离盖合部21的一端，和/或，第二弯折部221容纳第一卷封部12远离主体部11的开口的一端。
这样，第一卷封部12内侧形成的内部空间，除了容纳钎料30后，还可以容纳第二卷封部22远离盖合部21的一端；和/或，第二卷封部22内测形成的内部空间，除了容纳钎料30后，还可以容纳第一卷封部12远离主体部11的开口的一端。使得壳体在卷封的同时通过钎料30连接，实现良好的密封效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，主体件10与盖合件20之间可以采用常见的二重卷封结构。其中，盖合件20的第二卷封部22可以向主体件10的外侧(即远离主体件10的开口一侧)或者内侧(即靠近主体件10的开口中心一侧)卷封。
在盖合件20的第二卷封部22向主体件10的外侧卷封时，第一卷封部12具有一个弯折部分及两个筒状部分，第二卷封部22具有两个弯折部分及三个筒状部分。如图6所示，第一卷封部12的一个筒状部分环绕在主体件10的外侧，第二卷封部22的一个筒状部分与盖合部21垂直相连，第二卷封部22的另两个筒状部分分布在第一卷封部12的另一个筒状部分的两侧。
通过将盖合件20的第二卷封部22向主体件10的外侧卷封，可以降低卷封工艺的难度， 采用常用的卷边式封口机即可完成卷封过程，实现壳体连接处的卷封。
在盖合件20的第二卷封部22向主体件10的内侧卷封时，第一卷封部12具有两个弯折部分及两个筒状部分，第二卷封部22具有一个弯折部分及两个筒状部分。如图7和图8所示，第一卷封部12的两个筒状部分环绕在主体件10的内侧，第二卷封部22的两个筒状部分分布在第一卷封部12的一个筒状部分的两侧。
通过将盖合件20的第二卷封部22向主体件10的内侧卷封，不会占用主体件10的外侧空间。这样，在多个电池单体200组成电池模组时，也就不会因为卷封结构凸出于主体件10的外侧而浪费空间，从而不会影响电池模组的能量密度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，主体件10与盖合件20之间还可以采用单次卷封结构。如图9和图10所示，盖合件20的第二卷封部22可以向主体件10的内侧卷封，第一卷封部12具有两个弯折部分及两个筒状部分，第二卷封部22具有一个弯折部分及一个筒状部分。第一卷封部12的筒状部分环绕在主体件10的内侧，第一卷封部12的两个筒状部分分布在第二卷封部22的筒状部分的两侧。
本申请实施例还提供用于制作壳体的加工装置，需要指出的是，本申请实施例的加工装置所制造的壳体的结构在此不再赘述，请参见上述壳体的实施例。如图11和图12所示，加工装置包括压头50、卷封轮60和加热件，压头50用于将盖合件20压紧在主体件10上；卷封轮60设置有压槽61，压槽61的内壁用于卷封主体件10与盖合件20，以使主体件10、盖合件20上分别形成第一卷封部12、第二卷封部22；加热件设置在压槽61内，加热件用于在压槽61的内壁卷封主体件10与盖合件20的过程中，对位于主体件10与盖合件20之间的钎料进行加热。
加工装置是对壳体连接处进行卷封的卷边式封口机。可以通过加工装置中的卷封轮60对壳体的连接处完成卷封，即完成主体件10与盖合件20的卷封。同时，可以在卷封轮60的压槽61处设置加热件，以便在卷封过程中，对主体件10与盖合件20之间的钎料进行加热。从而实现对主体件10与盖合件20的钎焊。加热件可以为加热丝或者加热片，具体地，加热件可以采用加热铜丝。
在壳体采用二重卷封结构时，卷封轮依据卷封步骤，可以分为头道卷封轮与二道卷封轮。头道卷封轮完成对主体件10与盖合件20的一道卷封，使主体件10与盖合件20之间形成一道卷边。二道卷封轮完成对主体件10与盖合件20的二道卷封，使主体件10与盖合件20之间形成二道卷边。
在卷封过程中，主体件10放置于加工装置的载台上，通过压头50将盖合件20压紧在主体件10上。在实际卷封之前，主体件10与盖合件20均具有一段弯折部分，钎料被预置在主体件10与盖合件20之间。钎料可以通过预加热预置在主体件10与盖合件20之间， 预加热温度低于钎料的熔点温度。如图13所示，可以在盖合件20边缘处的弯折段内侧预先放置钎料，再将盖合件20压紧在主体件10上，盖合件20压紧在主体件10上的结构如图14所示。
在一道卷封时，头道卷封轮对主体件10及盖合件20周围进行挤压，主体件10的边缘会发生弯曲，形成边钩；同时，盖合件20的边缘与主体件10边缘一样发生弯曲，并向边钩内侧折叠，形成一道卷边。并且，头道卷封轮压槽内的加热件对钎料30进行加热，使材料更易成型，以卷封厚度更大的主体件10与盖合件20，使电池壳体达到更高的耐压强度。其中，头道卷封轮压槽内的加热温度不超过钎料30的熔点温度，以防止主体件10与盖合件20之间的预置钎料30提前熔融，无法填充在主体件10与盖合件20的卷边内部。一道卷封时的状态可参阅图11。
在二道卷封时，二道卷封轮对主体件10与盖合件20的钩合部分进一步压紧、压平，形成二道卷边。并且，二道卷封轮压槽内的加热件对钎料30进行加热，使钎料30熔融，以同时完成卷封与钎焊。其中，二道卷封轮压槽内的加热温度高于钎料30的熔点温度，钎料30加热后流动填充在主体件10与盖合件20的卷边间隙内。二道卷封时的状态可参阅图12，最终形成的钎焊卷封接头如图6所示。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种壳体，用于电池单体，其中，包括：
    主体件，包括具有开口的主体部，以及环绕所述主体部的开口边缘的第一卷封部；
    盖合件，包括盖合部，以及环绕所述盖合部边缘的第二卷封部；
    钎料，所述第一卷封部与所述第二卷封部被配置为通过所述钎料连接，以将所述盖合部盖合于所述主体部的开口处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的壳体，其中，所述钎料的熔点温度低于460℃。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的壳体，其中，所述钎料为铝基钎料或者锌基钎料。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述第一卷封部环绕所述主体部边缘远离所述开口的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的壳体，其中，所述主体部包括筒状的第一部分，以及圆台状的第二部分，所述第一部分与所述第二部分连接，所述第二部分还与所述第一卷封部连接，其中，所述第二部分与所述第一部分连接的一端的直径大于所述第二部分与所述第一卷封部连接的一端的直径。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述第一卷封部包括自所述主体部的开口边缘弯折形成的第一弯折部，所述第一弯折部用于容纳所述钎料；和/或，所述第二卷封部包括自所述盖合部边缘弯折形成的第二弯折部，所述第二弯折部用于容纳所述钎料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的壳体，其中，所述第一卷封部包括与所述开口边缘连接的一端以及远离所述开口的一端，所述第二弯折部用于容纳所述第一卷封部所述远离所述开口的一端与所述钎料；和/或，所述第二卷封部包括与所述盖合部连接的一端以及远离所述盖合部的一端，所述第一弯折部用于容纳所述第二卷封部远离所述盖合部的一端与所述钎料。
  8. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    电极组件；
    如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的壳体，所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体。
  9. 一种电池，其中，包括权利要求8所述的电池单体。
  10. 一种用电装置，其中，包括：如权利要求9所述的电池。
PCT/CN2023/070992 2022-01-27 2023-01-06 壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023142969A1 (zh)

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CN217158387U (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-08-09 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 壳体、电池单体、电池及用电装置
WO2023223791A1 (ja) * 2022-05-17 2023-11-23 パナソニックエナジー株式会社 円筒形電池

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JPH054447U (ja) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-22 松下電器産業株式会社 コンデンサなどの密閉容器
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JPH054447U (ja) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-22 松下電器産業株式会社 コンデンサなどの密閉容器
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