WO2023241730A1 - 超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法 - Google Patents

超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023241730A1
WO2023241730A1 PCT/CN2023/107813 CN2023107813W WO2023241730A1 WO 2023241730 A1 WO2023241730 A1 WO 2023241730A1 CN 2023107813 W CN2023107813 W CN 2023107813W WO 2023241730 A1 WO2023241730 A1 WO 2023241730A1
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mass
ultrasonic
attapulgite
water
polyacrylic acid
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PCT/CN2023/107813
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French (fr)
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彭勇刚
汪媛
林富荣
张培坤
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常州大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/32—Polymerisation in water-in-oil emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C08F2/56—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/02—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. maleic acid or itaconic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/04—Anhydrides, e.g. cyclic anhydrides
    • C08F222/06—Maleic anhydride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/346—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/525—Polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/525—Polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5257—(Meth)acrylic acid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
    • D06P1/67383—Inorganic compounds containing silicon

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new materials, and specifically relates to an ultrasonic-assisted method for preparing a polyacrylic acid/attapulgite composite thickener.
  • Polyacrylic acid thickener is an important type of printing thickener. It has the advantages of low addition amount, good rheology, and good printing effect. However, the polyacrylic acid macromolecular chain contains a large number of anions, making it sensitive to electrolytes. When encountering salt electrolytes, Afterwards, the viscosity drops significantly, and the dosage must be increased to meet the printing process requirements; this not only increases the cost of use, but also increases the number of times the fabric is washed after printing.
  • Attapulgite clay (abbreviated as attapulgite) is a porous chain layered hydrous magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with attapulgite as the main component. Natural attapulgite rod crystals are mostly aggregated in the shape of piles. The aggregated attapulgite rod crystals are difficult to disperse well in water, and a stable colloidal network structure cannot be formed between the rod crystals. The maximum viscosity of the completely dissociated attapulgite suspension can reach 2800 mPa ⁇ s, but the dissociated attapulgite rod crystals are prone to secondary aggregation.
  • polyacrylic acid By compounding attapulgite with polyacrylic acid, a polyacrylic acid/attapulgite composite thickener with excellent performance can be obtained, but good compatibility between attapulgite and the polymer matrix is the key to success.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic-assisted method for preparing polyacrylic acid/attapulgite composite thickener.
  • This method first utilizes the multiple functions of ultrasonic activation, dispersion, and initiation of polymerization to achieve attapulgite dissociation and monomer dissociation. Dissociate the coating modification on the surface of attapulgite rod crystal; then use inverse emulsion polymerization in the presence of modified attapulgite to prepare a polyacrylic acid/attapulgite composite thickener.
  • the ultrasonic-assisted preparation method of polyacrylic acid/attapulgite composite thickener provided by the invention includes the following steps:
  • the mass volume ratio of attapulgite clay and deionized water is 1:20-1:30g/mL;
  • the nonionic monomer is one of hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and acrylamide, and the mass of the nonionic monomer accounts for 0.5%-1.0% of the mass of the attapulgite clay;
  • the silane coupling agent is one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane, and its mass accounts for 1.0% of the mass of attapulgite clay. -2.0%;
  • the initiator is one of terpene hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and amyl hydroperoxide, and its mass accounts for 0.5%-1.0% of the total mass of the nonionic monomer and silane coupling agent.
  • the acrylic monomer is one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride;
  • the water-soluble monomer is 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid, and its mass accounts for 10% of the acrylic monomer. 5%-10% of the body mass; the mass of deionized water accounts for 15-30% of the total weight of the raw materials in step (2) and step (3).
  • step (3) Under stirring conditions, mix the solvent oil, water-in-oil emulsifier, cross-linking agent, modified attapulgite suspension, and the aqueous solution obtained in step (2) evenly, and then use a homogenizer to homogenize 2- 5min, transfer the homogenized emulsion to the ultrasonic reactor, install the ultrasonic horn, insert the bottom of the horn into the solution 1-2cm, conduct the ultrasonic reaction for 30-60min at 450-600W ultrasonic power, during the reaction Circulating constant temperature water is introduced into the reactor interlayer to maintain the system temperature at 15-45°C. After the reaction is completed, the polymer emulsion is distilled under reduced pressure and concentrated to a solid content of 40-50%, cooled to room temperature, and an oil-in-water emulsifier is added. , stir evenly.
  • the cross-linking agent is one of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, and the cross-linking agent accounts for 0.5%-1.0% of the acrylic monomer mass.
  • Solvent oil is one of ExxonMobil's isoparaffins Isopar C/E/G/H/L/M. The ratio of its mass to the mass of acrylic monomer is: 1:0.25-1:0.6;
  • the water-in-oil emulsifier is span80 or span60, and its mass accounts for 3%-5% of the mass of the solvent oil;
  • the mass of the modified attapulgite suspension accounts for 20%-40% of the mass of the acrylic monomer.
  • the oil-in-water emulsifier is one of Tween60, Tween80, and AEO-9, and its dosage accounts for 3-5% of the mass of the acrylic monomer.
  • the present invention first uses the activation and dispersion effects of ultrasound to dissociate attapulgite rod crystals, and then initiates polymerization under ultrasonic irradiation to achieve polymer coating of the dissociated attapulgite; hydroperoxide has amphiphilic properties , the terminal hydroxyl groups are adsorbed on the surface of attapulgite and condense to a certain extent with the hydroxyl groups on the surface. Under the action of ultrasound, the peroxygen bonds are broken, generating active centers on the surface of attapulgite, triggering the polymerization of non-ionic monomers on the surface of attapulgite. ;
  • the silanol formed by the hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent can easily condense with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the attapulgite, forming a strong chemical bond and introducing double bonds to participate in the polymerization reaction.
  • Ultrasonic irradiation polymerization is used to coat the surface of the attapulgite with polymer to improve its compatibility with polyacrylic acid.
  • Figure 1 is the infrared spectrum of the thickener obtained in Example 1.
  • the total mass of hydroxyethyl ester and vinyltriethoxysilane is 0.5%, terpene hydrogen peroxide, adjust the ultrasonic output power to 450W, and irradiate ultrasonic for 60 minutes to prepare a modified attapulgite suspension;
  • the cross-linking agent 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and ExxonMobil isoparaffin Isopar C accounting for 0.5% of the mass of acrylic acid, the ratio of its mass to the mass of acrylic acid is 1:0.25; Span80 accounting for 3% of the mass of Isopar C, and modified attapulgite suspension accounting for 20% of the mass of acrylic acid, mix evenly, then homogenize with a homogenizer for 2 minutes, transfer the homogenized emulsion to the ultrasonic reactor, and install Ultrasonic horn, the bottom of the horn is inserted 1cm into the solution, and the ultrasonic reaction is carried out for 60 minutes under 450W ultrasonic power.
  • the polymerization Concentrate the emulsion to a solid content of 40% by distillation under reduced pressure, cool to room temperature, add Tween60 accounting for 3% of the mass of acrylic acid, and stir evenly.
  • the total mass of hydroxyethyl ester and vinyltriethoxysilane is 0.5%, terpene hydrogen peroxide, adjust the ultrasonic output power to 450W, and irradiate ultrasonic for 60 minutes to prepare a modified attapulgite suspension;
  • the cross-linking agent 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and ExxonMobil isoparaffin Isopar C accounting for 0.5% of the mass of acrylic acid, the ratio of its mass to the mass of acrylic acid is 1:0.25; Span80 accounting for 3% of the mass of Isopar C, and modified attapulgite suspension accounting for 20% of the mass of acrylic acid, mix evenly, then homogenize with a homogenizer for 2 minutes, transfer the homogenized emulsion to the ultrasonic reactor, and install Ultrasonic horn, the bottom of the horn is inserted 1cm into the solution, and the ultrasonic reaction is carried out for 60 minutes under 450W ultrasonic power.
  • the polymerization Concentrate the emulsion to a solid content of 40% by distillation under reduced pressure, cool to room temperature, add Tween60 accounting for 3% of the mass of acrylic acid, and stir evenly.
  • Circulating constant-temperature water was introduced into the reactor interlayer to maintain the system temperature at 30°C, and then acrylamide accounting for 0.75% of the mass of attapulgite clay and vinyl tris( ⁇ -methoxyethane accounting for 1.5% of the mass of attapulgite clay were added Oxy) silane, peptyl hydroperoxide accounting for 0.75% of the total mass of acrylamide and vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, adjust the ultrasonic output power to 500W, irradiate ultrasonic for 45 minutes, and prepare the modification Attapulgite suspension;
  • step (2) Dissolve maleic acid and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid accounting for 7.5% of the mass of maleic acid in deionized water, adjust the pH value to 6.5 with ammonia water, stir evenly, and prepare a water phase Solution, for later use, the mass of deionized water accounts for 25% of the total weight of the raw materials in step (2) and step (3);
  • the cross-linking agent 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate accounting for 0.75% of the mass of maleic acid
  • ExxonMobil isoparaffin Isopar G the mass ratio of its mass to maleic acid is: 1:0.5; span80 accounting for 4% of the mass of Isopar G, modified attapulgite suspension accounting for 30% of the mass of maleic acid
  • Mix evenly then use a homogenizer to homogenize for 3 minutes. Transfer the homogenized emulsion to an ultrasonic reactor, install an ultrasonic horn, and insert the bottom of the horn into the solution for 1.5cm.
  • the ultrasonic reaction For 45 minutes, during the reaction process, circulating constant temperature water was introduced into the reactor interlayer to maintain the system temperature at 30°C. After the reaction, the polymer emulsion was distilled under reduced pressure and concentrated to a solid content of 45%, cooled to room temperature, and maleic acid was added. 4% AEO-9, stir evenly.
  • the total mass of hydroxyethyl acrylate and vinyltrimethoxysilane is 0.6% cumene hydroperoxide, adjust the ultrasonic output power to 550W, and irradiate ultrasonic for 40 minutes to prepare a modified attapulgite suspension;
  • composition of printing paste is:
  • the thickener obtained in Examples 1-4 has strong thickening ability and excellent electrolyte resistance.
  • Comparative Example 1 the attapulgite is not modified and has poor compatibility with polyacrylic acid.
  • the thickening ability and electrolyte resistance of the thickener obtained are inferior to Example 1.
  • Comparative Example 2 a traditional stirring process was used. During the stirring process, the attapulgite clay could not be effectively dissociated and could not be effectively compounded with polyacrylic acid macromolecules.
  • the thickening ability and electrolyte resistance of the thickener obtained were not as good as those in Example 1.
  • Comparative Example 3 no water-soluble monomer 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid was added, and the electrolyte resistance of the thickener obtained was significantly worse than that of Example 1. Compared with Example 1, its thickening ability Also slightly worse.
  • the thickener printed fabric obtained in Example 1 has a high front K/S value, that is, a high color yield, good permeability, high paste removal rate, and good washing effect.
  • the concentration of the original thickener paste is higher than that of Example 1 (the concentration of the original paste in Comparative Examples 1, 2 is 3.5%, the original paste concentration in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is 3.0%, and the original paste concentration in the embodiment is 2%).
  • the amount of thickener remaining on the fabric is high and the paste removal rate is low.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于新材料领域，具体公开了一种超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，首先利用超声的活化、分散作用对凹凸棒石棒晶进行解离，然后在超声辐照下引发聚合，实现对解离凹凸棒石的聚合物包覆，改善其与聚合物基体的相容性；在反相乳液聚合过程中采用超声辐照替代传统搅拌，同时选用2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸与丙烯酸类单体共聚，所得复合增稠剂增稠性能优异，耐电解质性能好。

Description

超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法 技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域，具体涉及一种超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法。
背景技术
聚丙烯酸增稠剂是印花增稠剂的重要品种，具有添加量少、流变性好、印花效果佳等优点，但聚丙烯酸大分子链上含有大量阴离子，使其对电解质敏感，遇盐类电解质后，粘度大幅下降，必须通过增大用量才能满足印花工艺要求；这不仅增大了使用成本，而且增加了印花后织物的水洗次数。
凹凸棒石粘土(简称凹土)是一种以凹凸棒石为主要成分的多孔型链层状含水富镁铝硅酸盐粘土矿物。天然凹凸棒石棒晶大多以柴垛状聚集，聚集的凹凸棒石棒晶很难在水中良好分散，棒晶间不能形成稳定的胶体网络结构。完全解离的凹凸棒石悬浮液最大粘度可达到2800mPa·s，但解离的凹凸棒石棒晶易二次聚集。将凹凸棒石与聚丙烯酸复合，可获得性能优异的聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂，但凹凸棒石与聚合物基体良好相容是成功的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，该方法首先利用超声波的活化、分散、引发聚合等多重功能，实现凹凸棒石解离、单体在解离凹凸棒石棒晶表面的包覆改性；然后在改性凹凸棒石存在条件下，采用反相乳液聚合，制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂。
本发明提供的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将凹凸棒石粘土和去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1-2cm，在900W-1200W功率下，超声处理30-60min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15-45℃，随后加入引发剂、非离子单体和硅烷偶联剂的混合溶液，调节超声波输出功率至450-600W，超声辐照30-60min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
其中，凹凸棒石粘土与去离子水的质量体积比为1:20-1:30g/mL；
非离子单体为丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酰胺中的一种，非离子单体质量占凹凸棒石粘土质量的0.5％-1.0％；
硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷中的一种，其质量占凹凸棒石粘土质量的1.0％-2.0％；
引发剂为萜烷过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢、特戊基过氧化氢中的一种，其质量占非离子单体和硅烷偶联剂总质量的0.5％-1.0％。
(2)将丙烯酸类单体、水溶性单体溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6-7，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用；
其中，丙烯酸类单体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、马来酸酐中的一种；水溶性单体为2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸，其质量占丙烯酸类单体质量的5％-10％；去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量15-30％。
(3)搅拌条件下，将溶剂油、油包水型乳化剂、交联剂、改性凹土悬浊液、步骤(2)所得水相溶液混合均匀，再用均质机均质2-5min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1-2cm，在450-600W超声功率下，超声反应30-60min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15-45℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量40-50％，冷却至室温，加入水包油型乳化剂，搅拌均匀即可。
其中，交联剂为1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯中的一种，交联剂质量占丙烯酸类单体质量的0.5％-1.0％。
溶剂油为埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar C/E/G/H/L/M中的一种，其质量与丙烯酸类单体质量之比为:1:0.25-1:0.6；
油包水型乳化剂为span80或span60，其质量占溶剂油质量的3％-5％；
改性凹土悬浊液质量占丙烯酸类单体质量的20％-40％。
水包油型乳化剂为Tween60、Tween80、AEO-9中的一种，其用量占丙烯酸类单体质量的3-5％。
本发明首先利用超声的活化、分散作用对凹凸棒石棒晶进行解离，然后在超声辐照下引发聚合，实现对解离凹凸棒石的聚合物包覆；氢过氧化物具有两亲性，端羟基吸附在凹凸棒石表面，并与其表面的羟基进行一定程度的缩合，在超声的作用下，过氧键断裂，在凹土表面产生活性中心，引发非离子单体在凹土表面聚合；硅烷偶联剂水解形成的硅醇极易与凹土表面的羟基缩合，形成强化学键作用，并引入双键参与聚合反应。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)采用超声辐照聚合，在凹土表面包覆聚合物，提高其与聚丙烯酸的相容性。
(2)选用2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸与丙烯酸类单体共聚，改善聚丙烯酸类增稠剂的增稠性能和耐电解质性能。
附图说明：
图1实施例1所得增稠剂的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例，进一步详细地描述本发明。应理解，这些实施例 只是为了举例说明本发明，而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)将5g凹凸棒石粘土和100mL去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1cm，在900W功率下，超声处理60min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15℃，随后加入凹凸棒石粘土质量0.5％的丙烯酸羟乙酯，占凹凸棒石粘土质量1.0％的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，占丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷总质量0.5％的萜烷过氧化氢，调节超声波输出功率至450W，超声辐照60min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
(2)将丙烯酸、占丙烯酸质量5％的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸，溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量15％；
(3)搅拌条件下，将占丙烯酸质量0.5％的交联剂1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯，埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar C，其质量与丙烯酸质量之比为1:0.25；占Isopar C质量3％的span80，占丙烯酸质量20％的改性凹土悬浊液，混合均匀，再用均质机均质2min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1cm，在450W超声功率下，超声反应60min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量40％，冷却至室温，加入占丙烯酸质量的3％的Tween60，搅拌均匀即可。
比较例1
(1)将丙烯酸、占丙烯酸质量5％的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸，溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(1)和步骤(2)原料总重量15％；
(2)搅拌条件下，将占丙烯酸质量0.5％的交联剂1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯，埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar C，其质量与丙烯酸质量之比为1:0.25；占Isopar C质量3％的span80，占丙烯酸质量1.0％的凹土，混合均匀，再用均质机均质2min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1cm，在450W超声功率下，超声反应60min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量40％，冷却至室温，加入占丙烯酸质量的3％的Tween60，搅拌均匀即可。
比较例2
(1)将5g凹凸棒石粘土和100mL去离子水加入到四口烧瓶中，2000转/分高速搅拌60min，随后加入凹凸棒石粘土质量0.5％的丙烯酸羟乙酯，占凹凸棒石粘土质量1.0％的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，占丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷总质量0.5％的萜烷过氧化氢，水浴加热至78℃引发聚合，反应60min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
(2)将丙烯酸、占丙烯酸质量5％的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量15％；
(3)搅拌条件下，将占丙烯酸质量0.5％的交联剂1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯，埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar C，其质量与丙烯酸质量之比为1:0.25；占Isopar C质量3％的span80，占丙烯酸质量20％的改性凹土悬浊液，混合均匀，再用均质机均质2min，将均质完成的乳液转至四口烧瓶中，300转/分搅拌条件下，升温至60℃，保温60min，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量40％，冷却至室温，加入占丙烯酸质量的3％的Tween60，搅拌均匀即可。
比较例3
(1)将5g凹凸棒石粘土和100mL去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1cm，在900W功率下，超声处理60min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15℃，随后加入凹凸棒石粘土质量0.5％的丙烯酸羟乙酯，占凹凸棒石粘土质量1.0％的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，占丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷总质量0.5％的萜烷过氧化氢，调节超声波输出功率至450W，超声辐照60min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
(2)将丙烯酸溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量15％；
(3)搅拌条件下，将占丙烯酸质量0.5％的交联剂1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯，埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar C，其质量与丙烯酸质量之比为1:0.25；占Isopar C质量3％的span80，占丙烯酸质量20％的改性凹土悬浊液，混合均匀，再用均质机均质2min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1cm，在450W超声功率下，超声反应60min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量40％，冷却至室温，加入占丙烯酸质量的3％的Tween60，搅拌均匀即可。
实施例2
(1)将5g凹凸棒石粘土和150mL去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中2cm，在1200W功率下，超声处理30min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在45℃，随后加入占凹凸棒石粘土质量1.0％的甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯，占凹凸棒石粘土质量2.0％的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷，占甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷总质量1.0％的异丙苯过氧化氢，调节超声波输出功率至600W，超声辐照30min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
(2)将甲基丙烯酸，占甲基丙烯酸质量10％的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸，溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至7，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量30％；
(3)搅拌条件下，将占甲基丙烯酸质量的1.0％交联剂1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯，埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar E，其质量与甲基丙烯酸单体质量之比为1:0.6；占Isopar E质量5％的span60，占甲基丙烯酸质量40％的改性凹土悬浊液，混合均匀，再用均质机均质5min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中2cm，在600W超声功率下，超声反应30min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在45℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量50％，冷却至室温，加入占甲基丙烯酸质量5％的Tween80，搅拌均匀即可。
实施例3
(1)将5g凹凸棒石粘土和120mL去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1.5cm，在1000W功率下，超声处理45min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在30℃，随后加入占凹凸棒石粘土质量0.75％的丙烯酰胺，占凹凸棒石粘土质量1.5％的乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷，占丙烯酰胺和乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷总质量0.75％的特戊基过氧化氢，调节超声波输出功率至500W，超声辐照45min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
(2)将马来酸，占马来酸质量7.5％的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6.5，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量25％；
(3)搅拌条件下，将占马来酸质量0.75％的交联剂1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、 埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar G，其质量与马来酸质量之比为:1:0.5；占Isopar G质量4％的span80，占马来酸质量30％的改性凹土悬浊液，混合均匀，再用均质机均质3min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1.5cm，在500W超声功率下，超声反应45min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在30℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量45％，冷却至室温，加入占马来酸质量4％的AEO-9，搅拌均匀即可。
实施例4
(1)将5g凹凸棒石粘土和115mL去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1.2cm，在1100W功率下，超声处理40min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在35℃，随后加入占凹凸棒石粘土质量0.6％的丙烯酸羟乙酯，占凹凸棒石粘土质量1.2％的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷，占丙烯酸羟乙酯和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷总质量0.6％的异丙苯过氧化氢，调节超声波输出功率至550W，超声辐照40min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
(2)将马来酸酐、占马来酸酐质量6％的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用，去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量20％；
(3)搅拌条件下，将占马来酸酐质量0.6％的交联剂1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar H，其质量与马来酸酐质量之比为1:0.4；占Isopar H质量3.5％的span60，占马来酸酐质量35％的改性凹土悬浊液，混合均匀，再用均质机均质4min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1.2cm，在550W超声功率下，超声反应40min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在35℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量42％，冷却至室温，加入占马来酸酐质量3.5％的 Tween80，搅拌均匀即可。
实施例5
准确称取2g增稠剂，加入98g蒸馏水，搅拌并滴加0.2mL氨水，充分搅拌配成质量分数2％的白浆。用Brookfield DV-Ⅱ+Pro粘度计，在恒定转速10转/分(6号转子)，室温下测定白浆的粘度。
耐电解质性能以粘度保留率表示，测定上述增稠剂白浆加入0.05％NaCl(固体)白浆粘度，粘度保留率＝η加NaCl后/η加NaCl前，粘度保留率越高，耐电解质性越好。
印花色浆的组成为：
用去离子水将活性染料调成浆状，再将尿素和防染盐S溶解到少量热水中，然后活性染料色浆与尿素和防染盐的混合液混合均匀，充分搅拌使染料完全溶解后，加入增稠剂原糊，并搅拌均匀，临用前加入纯碱。按照下述工艺进行活性染料印花，比较印花后织物的K/S值、渗透率、色泽不匀度、脱糊率以及干、湿摩擦牢度，结果如表2所示。
调制色浆→印花→烘干(60℃)→汽蒸(102-103℃，10min)→水洗(先冷水后热水)→皂煮(皂片2g/L，沸煮10min)→水洗(先热水后冷水)→烘干(60℃)
表1样品增稠性能
从上表可以看出，实施例1-4所得增稠剂具有很强的增稠能力，且耐电解质性能优异。比较例1中凹土未经改性，其与聚丙烯酸相容性差，所得增稠剂的增稠能力和耐电解质性能均不及实施例1。比较例2中采用传统搅拌工艺，搅拌过程中凹凸棒石粘土无法有效解离，无法与聚丙烯酸大分子有效复合，所得增稠剂的增稠能力和耐电解质性能也不及实施例1。比较例3中未添加水溶性单体2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸，所得增稠剂的耐电解质性能明显差于实施例1，与实施例1相比，其增稠能力也略差。
表2活性染料印花织物的K/S值、渗透率、脱糊率

印花织物正面K/S值越大，上色效果越好；渗透率越高，说明色浆的印透性能越好。增稠剂在印花过程中，主要起传递染料的作用，印花结束后，必须将增稠剂从织物上洗除，否则会影响印花织物的手感，脱糊率越高，印花织物手感越柔软。从上表可看出，实施例1所得增稠剂印花织物的正面K/S值高，即得色量高，且渗透性好，脱糊率也高，洗除效果好。由于对比例1,2,3所得增稠剂的增稠能力及耐电解质性能较差，印花过程中，增稠剂原糊的浓度要高于实施例1(对比例1,2中原糊浓度为3.5％，对比例1,2中原糊浓度为3.0％，实施例中原糊浓度为2％)，印制完成后，织物上残留的增稠剂量高，脱糊率低。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，所述方法步骤如下：
    (1)将凹凸棒石粘土和去离子水加入到超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1-2cm，在900W-1200W功率下，超声处理30-60min，处理过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15-45℃，随后加入引发剂、非离子单体和硅烷偶联剂的混合溶液，调节超声波输出功率至450-600W，超声辐照30-60min，制备改性凹土悬浊液；
    (2)将丙烯酸类单体、水溶性单体溶于去离子水中，用氨水调节pH值至6-7，搅拌均匀，配制成水相溶液，备用；
    (3)搅拌条件下，将溶剂油、油包水型乳化剂、交联剂、改性凹土悬浊液、步骤(2)所得水相溶液混合均匀，再用均质机均质2-5min，将均质完成的乳液转至超声波反应器中，装上超声变幅杆，变幅杆底部插入溶液中1-2cm，在450-600W超声功率下，超声反应30-60min，反应过程中在反应器夹层中通入循环恒温水维持体系温度在15-45℃，反应结束后，将聚合物乳液减压蒸馏浓缩至固含量40-50％，冷却至室温，加入水包油型乳化剂，搅拌均匀即得聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述非离子单体为丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酰胺中的一种，硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷中的一种，引发剂为萜烷过氧化氢、异丙苯过氧化氢、特戊基过氧化氢中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述凹凸棒石粘土与去离子水的质量体积比为1:20-1:30 g/mL；非离子单体质量占凹凸棒石粘土质量的0.5％-1.0％；硅烷偶联剂质量占凹凸棒石粘土质量的1.0％-2.0％；引发剂质量占非离子单体和硅烷偶联剂总质量的0.5％-1.0％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)所述丙烯酸类单体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、马来酸酐中的一种；水溶性单体为2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)所述水溶性单体质量占丙烯酸类单体质量的5％-10％；去离子水的质量占步骤(2)和步骤(3)原料总重量15-30％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述溶剂油为埃克森美孚异构烷烃Isopar C/E/G/H/L/M中的一种，其与丙烯酸类单体质量之比为:1:0.25-1:0.6。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述油包水型乳化剂为span80或span60，其质量占溶剂油质量的3％-5％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述交联剂为1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯中的一种，交联剂质量占丙烯酸类单体质量的0.5％-1.0％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的超声辅助制备聚丙烯酸/凹土复合增稠剂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述改性凹土悬浊液质量占丙烯酸类单体质量的20％-40％；所述的水包油型乳化剂为Tween60、Tween80、AEO-9中的一种，其用量占丙烯酸类单体质量的3-5％。
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