WO2023207071A1 - 一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装及加工方法 - Google Patents

一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装及加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023207071A1
WO2023207071A1 PCT/CN2022/135053 CN2022135053W WO2023207071A1 WO 2023207071 A1 WO2023207071 A1 WO 2023207071A1 CN 2022135053 W CN2022135053 W CN 2022135053W WO 2023207071 A1 WO2023207071 A1 WO 2023207071A1
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Prior art keywords
inner bottom
injector housing
positioning plate
processing
ring
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PCT/CN2022/135053
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈磊
卢博
张和平
刘赫
刘广续
何小虎
刘超智
李宝强
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西安航天发动机有限公司
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Application filed by 西安航天发动机有限公司 filed Critical 西安航天发动机有限公司
Priority to EP22826785.2A priority Critical patent/EP4289547A1/en
Publication of WO2023207071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023207071A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/18—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for positioning only
    • B23Q3/183—Centering devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a processing tooling and processing method for an injector housing and an inner bottom, that is, a processing tooling and a processing method for a liquid rocket engine injector housing and an inner bottom hole, and belongs to the technical field of liquid rocket engines. .
  • the injector housing and inner bottom are indispensable components of the liquid rocket engine and provide the main components of rocket power. Since the number of end holes on the injector housing and inner bottom is very large, and the end holes of the injector housing and the inner bottom need to be processed before welding, after the mechanical processing is completed, the injector housing and the inner bottom need to be assembled. Welding; when assembling and welding, ensure that the end holes of the injector shell and the inner bottom are coaxial. Due to the processing position error in separate processing and the large number of end holes, it is difficult to ensure the alignment of multiple end holes during assembly. The relative position cannot meet the processing accuracy requirements after welding. Especially for the injector shell and inner bottom material parts with low hardness, the stiffness is low and the mechanical clamping process is easy to deform.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, solve the problem that both the liquid rocket engine injector housing and the inner bottom need to process end holes before welding, and ensure the position accuracy of the end holes.
  • a processing tool for the injector housing and inner bottom including a positioning plate, a first pad, a first pressure plate and a plurality of expansion rings;
  • the positioning plate is cylindrical as a whole, and the outer diameter decreases in a step-like manner from the bottom to the top.
  • the positioning plate is provided with a groove on the outer wall of the top, and the groove is arranged around the circumference of the top of the positioning plate to form a ring.
  • the inner bottom is set on the top of the positioning plate, the injector shell is set on the positioning plate, and the injector shell
  • the body is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner bottom;
  • Multiple expansion rings are located in the groove, and multiple expansion rings are arranged around the circumference of the groove to form a circular ring.
  • the multiple expansion rings are used to resist the inner circle of the inner bottom.
  • the first pad is located between the positioning plate and the first pressure plate, and the first pad is used to support the first pressure plate. After the first pressure plate is connected to the positioning plate, the first pressure plate It is used to press the injector shell and fix the position of the injector shell and the inner bottom.
  • the arc length of each expansion ring is 100mm-130mm, and the material hardness of the expansion ring is not higher than the material hardness of the inner bottom.
  • the material hardness of the expansion ring is one grade lower than the material hardness of the inner bottom.
  • the processing tooling further includes a pressure ring, a second pressure plate and a second pad.
  • the pressure ring is provided at the top of the inner bottom, and the second pad is provided between the positioning plate and the second pressure plate.
  • the second pad is used for After supporting the second pressure plate and connecting the second pressure plate to the positioning plate, the second pressure plate is used to press the pressure ring to fix the inner bottom relative to the positioning plate.
  • a processing method for the injector housing and inner bottom, using the above-mentioned processing tooling including:
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention uses a process of clamping and positioning the injector housing and the inner bottom as a whole, and processing the end holes step by step.
  • the number of end holes on the injector housing and the inner bottom is up to several hundred, and the positions are The precision is high. After the processing is completed, it is necessary to ensure that all the end holes are coaxial and integrally welded, and the relative position of the end holes after welding can meet the process requirements.
  • This method solves the problem of the processing position accuracy of the end holes of the injector shell and the inner bottom. , ensuring that the relative positions of the end holes of the injector shell and the inner bottom after integral welding can meet the process requirements.
  • the processing tooling for the injector shell and inner bottom of the present invention takes into account the existing machine tools and processing technology conditions, and optimizes and improves the processing tooling plan. It adopts a multi-flap structure to make the expansion ring in direct contact.
  • the inner circular surface of the inner bottom tightens the inner bottom to achieve positioning and fixation of the inner bottom, and the multi-flap structure can realize independent adjustment of the multi-directional supporting force to maintain the coaxiality of the outer circle of the inner bottom with the tooling and machine tools.
  • this method solves the problem of processing positioning and position adjustment of the insole.
  • the present invention improves the processing qualification rate of the liquid rocket engine injector housing and the inner bottom through reasonable process methods and processing tools.
  • the multi-flap structure (expansion ring) of the present invention uses softer materials such as H62, which not only plays the role of tightening and adjusting the coaxiality of the inner bottom, but also protects the surface of the inner bottom from being crushed.
  • the processing method of the present invention is easier to use in processing two types of cylindrical parts with lower hardness, and the parts have no fixed process holes or easy-to-fix process positions when in the processing state, and it also satisfies the position of the two processing end holes.
  • the processing method of parts with a maximum number of 1000 pieces and the same number and position of end holes can ensure that after processing of two parts, the position accuracy of the end holes can reach up to 0.0015mm and the minimum accuracy can reach 0.003mm.
  • the processing method of the present invention can use the injector shell, the inner bottom and the processing tooling as a whole for the welding process of the shell and the inner bottom, or the injector shell, the inner bottom and the processing tooling can be disassembled and then continued.
  • the one-step process and repeated assembly of the injector shell, inner bottom and processing tooling can also meet the coaxiality requirements of the injector shell and the inner bottom end hole, and the injector shell and the inner bottom end hole are positioned and assembled through positioning.
  • the coaxiality accuracy of the end hole of the inner bottom can reach 0.005mm.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the injector housing and inner bottom processing tooling of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner bottom processing tooling of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the expanding ring structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure ring and fixing plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the ring-expanding and tightening mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the injector housing and inner bottom of the present invention.
  • a processing tooling and processing method for an injector housing and an inner bottom The end holes of the injector housing 30 and the end holes on the inner bottom 20 are welded together when they are coaxial, and the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 have a larger number of end holes and the same number.
  • This method is to use the same processing procedure to process the injector shells separately when the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 are clamped at one time to ensure positioning accuracy.
  • 30 and the end holes on the inner bottom 20 to achieve the relative position accuracy of the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 holes.
  • the processing tooling includes a positioning plate 1, a first pad 2, a first pressure plate 3, a first screw 4, a second screw 5, a cylindrical end set screw 6, an expansion ring 7, a pressure ring 8, a third screw 9, and a third screw.
  • the second pressure plate 10, the second pad 11, and the processing tool realize the positioning and clamping of the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20. Processing methods include:
  • the processing tooling needs to be installed on a standard flat block placed on the work surface of the machine tool to facilitate adjustment of the outer diameter of the expansion ring 7 through the second screw 5 and the cylindrical end set screw 6.
  • the inner bottom 20 is assembled to the positioning plate 1 of the processing tooling, and the expansion ring 7 is adjusted through the second screw 5 and the cylindrical end set screw 6 so that the expansion ring 7 contacts the inner bottom 20.
  • inner circle and by adjusting the expansion ring 7, measure the circular runout of the tool positioning shaft end and the outer surface of the inner bottom 20 through a dial indicator, so that the outer circle of the inner bottom 20 is coaxial with the processing tool, and then through the pressure ring 8 and the third
  • the screws 9, the second pressure plate 10, and the second pad 11 vertically fix the inner bottom 20, and the end hole on the inner bottom 20 is processed by boring.
  • the expanding ring 7 has a multi-flap structure, and the number of expanding rings is designed according to the diameter of the workpiece.
  • the arc length of each expanding ring is between 100mm and 130mm, and the expanding ring material is different from the inner ring.
  • the hardness of bottom 20 is the same or one level lower.
  • the multi-flap structure can achieve independent adjustment of the multi-directional supporting force by individually adjusting each expanding ring.
  • step (3) after processing the end hole on the inner bottom 20, keep the inner bottom 20 fixed relative to the positioning plate 1, assemble the injector housing 30 to the inner bottom 20, and pass the first The screw 4, the first pad 2 and the first pressure plate 3 press the outer edge of the injector housing 30 to fix the injector housing 30.
  • the end holes of the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 have the same number and the same size, and the end holes of the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 are coaxially arranged.
  • the injector housing 30 is fixed and pressed, and the same CNC machining program is used to directly process the upper end surface of the injector housing 30. hole.
  • the injector housing 30, the inner bottom 20 and the processing tooling are not disassembled, and the injector housing 30 is welded while ensuring that the end holes on the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 are coaxial. 30 and insole 20,
  • the processing tooling also includes a pressing ring 8 and a fixing plate 14.
  • the fixing plate 14 needs to be connected to the inner bottom 20 and the workbench, and the pressing ring 8 is pressed. It is convenient to press on the inner bottom 20 and carry out the countersunk process of the end hole, as shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of the processing tooling.
  • Four standard flat pads of a certain height are placed on the CNC machine tool table.
  • the processing tooling is installed on the standard flat pads, and the processing tooling is pressed onto the CNC machine tool table through T-shaped bolts.
  • Install the inner bottom 20 on the positioning plate 1 in Figure 2 fix the inner bottom 20 on the positioning plate 1 through the second screw 5, the cylindrical end set screw 6 and the expansion ring 7, and press the inner bottom through the expansion ring 7 20 inner surface, use a CNC machine tool to measure the outer surface of the inner bottom 20 to make it meet the process size requirements, and then fix the inner bottom 20 vertically through the pressure ring 8, the third screw 9, the second pressure plate 10, and the second pad 11 ;
  • First process the end hole on the inner bottom 20 for positioning and compression keep the fixed position of the inner bottom 20 relative to the positioning plate 1, remove the pressure ring 8, the third screw 9, the second pressure plate 10, and the second pad 11, and
  • the injector housing 30 is placed on the inner bottom 20, and the injector housing 30 is pressed
  • the injector shell 30, the inner bottom 20 and the processing tooling are used for the welding process of the injector shell 30 and the inner bottom 20.
  • the injector shell 30, the inner bottom 20 and the processing tooling can also be disassembled as a whole and then continue. In one step, and after repeatedly assembling the injector housing 30, the inner bottom 20 and the processing tooling, the coaxiality requirements of the end holes of the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 can be met.
  • a processing tool for the injector housing and inner bottom includes a positioning plate 1, a first pad 2, a first pressure plate 3, a plurality of expansion rings 7, a pressure ring 8, a second Pressure plate 10 and second pad 11 .
  • the positioning plate 1 is cylindrical as a whole, and the outer diameter decreases in a step-like manner from the bottom end to the top.
  • a groove 12 is provided on the outer wall of the top of the positioning plate 1.
  • the groove 12 is arranged around the circumference of the top of the positioning plate 1 to form a Ring-shaped, the groove 12 is provided with a hole 13, and the positioning plate 1 is provided with a through hole along the axis direction, and the hole 13 is connected with the through hole;
  • the inner bottom 20 is set on the top of the positioning plate, and the injector housing 30 is arranged on on the positioning plate 1, and the injector housing 30 is set on the outer surface of the inner bottom 20;
  • a plurality of expansion rings 7 are located in the groove 12, and are arranged around the circumferential direction of the groove 12 to form a circular ring.
  • the plurality of expansion rings 7 are used to resist the inner circle of the inner bottom 20.
  • the position of one or more expansion rings 7 is such that the outer circle of the inner bottom 20 reaches a predetermined position;
  • the pressure ring 8 is arranged at the top of the inner bottom 20 , and the second pad 11 is arranged between the positioning plate 1 and the second pressure plate 10 .
  • the second pad 11 is used to support the second pressure plate 10 .
  • the second pressure plate 10 and the positioning plate 1 After connection, the second pressure plate 10 is used to press the pressure ring 8 so that the inner bottom 20 is fixed relative to the positioning plate 1; the first pad 2 is located between the positioning plate 1 and the first pressure plate 3, and the first pad 2 is used to press the pressure ring 8.
  • the first pressure plate 3 is used to press the injector housing 30 and fix the positions of the injector housing 30 and the inner bottom 20 .
  • the positioning plate 1 is formed with multiple steps from top to bottom.
  • the number of steps is three. From top to bottom, they are the first step, the second step and the third step.
  • the inner bottom 20 is disposed on the first step at the top, and the injector housing 30 is disposed on the second step, and the outer surface of the inner bottom 20 is in close contact with the inner surface of the injector housing 30 .
  • the thickness of the opening of the inner bottom 20 is not less than the width of the first step, so that the outer surface of the inner bottom 20 and the inner surface of the injector housing 30 can be closely fitted.
  • a protrusion is provided near the bottom end of the injector housing 30 , and the pressing plate 3 presses the upper surface of the protrusion to achieve axial fixation of the injector housing 30 on the positioning plate 1 .
  • the pad 2 is provided with a concave groove that matches the protrusion.
  • the protrusion is disposed in the concave groove, and the protrusion resists the bottom end of the concave groove and is in contact with the first pressure plate 3 and the first bolt 4 Cooperate to realize the fixation of the injector housing 30 on the positioning plate 1 in the horizontal direction.
  • the arc length of each expanding ring 7 is 100mm-130mm, and the material hardness of the expanding ring 7 is not higher than the material hardness of the inner bottom 20.
  • the material hardness of the expansion ring 7 is one level lower than the material hardness of the inner bottom 20 .
  • the end holes on the inner bottom 20 and the injector housing 30 are processed by boring.
  • the end holes of the inner bottom 20 and the end holes on the injector housing 30 are the same in number and size, and the end holes of the inner bottom (20) and the injector housing are the same.
  • the end holes of the body (30) are coaxially arranged.
  • the end hole of the inner bottom 20 is provided at the top of the inner bottom 20
  • the end hole on the injector housing 30 is provided at the top of the injector housing 30 .
  • the processing tooling also includes bolts.
  • the bolts are inserted into the holes 13 of the grooves 12.
  • One end of the bolts is located in the through holes.
  • the other end of the bolts is connected to the expansion ring 7.
  • the bolts can move in the axial direction of the holes 13. , thereby driving the expansion ring 7 to move in the radial direction of the inner bottom 20 to adjust the radial position of the expansion ring 7 in the groove 12 .
  • the bolt includes a second screw 5 and two cylindrical end set screws 6.
  • One end of the second screw 5 is located in the through hole of the positioning plate 1, and the other end of the second screw 5 is in contact with the expansion ring 7.
  • two cylindrical end set screws 6 are arranged oppositely, one end of one cylindrical end set screw 6 is set on the side wall of the top of the groove 12, the other end resists the top of the second screw 5, and the other cylindrical end is tightened
  • One end of the set screw 6 is disposed on the side wall of the bottom end of the groove 12 , and the other end resists the bottom end of the second screw 5 .
  • use the same CNC machining program to process the end holes on the inner bottom 20 and the injector housing 30 .

Abstract

一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装，包括定位盘、第一垫块、第一压板，以及多个涨环；定位盘整体为柱状，从底端到顶端外径呈阶梯状缩小，定位盘顶端的外侧壁设有凹槽，凹槽内设有孔，多个涨环位于凹槽内，且多个涨环沿凹槽的周向环绕设置组成圆环状，内底套装在定位盘的顶端，喷注器壳体设置于定位盘上，且套设于内底的外表面。本发明解决了液体火箭发动机喷注器壳体与内底在焊接前均需要加工孔，且保证孔位置精度的问题。

Description

一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装及加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装及加工方法，即一种液体火箭发动机喷注器壳体与内底孔的加工工装及加工方法，属于液体火箭发动机技术领域。
背景技术
喷注器壳体与内底是液体火箭发动机不可或缺的组成部分，提供火箭动力的主要部件。由于喷注器壳体、内底上的端面孔数量非常多，且喷注器壳体与内底需要在焊接前加工端面孔，机械加工完成后，需要将喷注器壳体与内底装配焊接；装配焊接时，要保证喷注器壳体与内底加工的端面孔同轴，由于分别加工存在加工位置误差，端面孔的数量又很多，故在装配时很难保证多个端面孔的相对位置，无法满足焊接后的加工工艺精度要求，尤其对硬度较低的喷注器壳体和内底材料零件，刚度较低，机械夹紧加工易变形。而其中喷注器壳体、内底上的端面孔的相对位置对对发动机的液体流动速度起到了关键性的作用，现有技术中单独加工壳体、内底上的端面孔将直接影响发动机的液体流动速度，影响产品的性能稳定性和可靠性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，解决了液体火箭发动机喷注器壳体与内底在焊接前均需要加工端面孔，且保证端面孔位置精度的问题。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装，包括定位盘、第一垫块、第一压板以及多个涨环；
定位盘整体为柱状，从底端到顶端外径呈阶梯状缩小，定位盘在顶端的外侧壁上设有凹槽，且凹槽沿定位盘顶端的周向环绕设置，以形成环状，，凹槽内设有孔，定位盘的内部沿轴线方向开设有通孔，孔与通孔连通；内底套装在定位盘的顶端，喷注器壳体设置于定位盘上，且喷注器壳体套设于内底的外表面；
多个涨环位于凹槽内，且多个涨环沿凹槽的周向环绕设置以组成圆环状，多个涨环用于抵住内底的内圆，通过调整一个或多个涨环的位置，使内底的外圆达到预定位置；第一垫块位于定位盘和第一压板之间，第一垫块用于支撑第一压板，第一压板与定位盘连接后，第一压板用于压住喷注器壳体，并使喷注器壳体与内底的位置固定。
优选的，每个涨环的弧长为100mm-130mm，且涨环的材料硬度不高于内底的材料硬度。
优选的，所述涨环的材料硬度比内底的材料硬度低一个等级。
优选的，所述加工工装还包括压环、第二压板以及第二垫块，压环设置于内底的顶端，第二垫块设置于定位盘和第二压板之间，第二垫块用于支撑第二压板，第二压板与定位盘连接后，第二压板用于压住压环，以使内底相对于定位盘固定
一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工方法，采用上述的加工工装；包括：
将所述加工工装压紧在机床的台面上；
将内底安装在定位盘的顶端，通过调整涨环在凹槽的径向位置，使内底的外表面满足预设的工艺尺寸要求；
加工内底上的端面孔，保持内底相对于定位盘的固定位置，将喷注器壳 体安装在定位盘上且套设于内底的外表面，并通过第一压板固定喷注器壳体，加工喷注器壳体的端面孔；
保持喷注器壳体和内底相对于定位盘的固定位置，将加工工装从机床拆下，对喷注器壳体与内底进行焊接。
本发明相比于现有技术具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明使用了喷注器壳体与内底整体一次装夹定位，分步加工端面孔的工艺方法，喷注器壳体与内底的端面孔数量多达几百个，且位置精度高，加工完成后要保证所有端面孔同轴后整体焊接，且焊接后端面孔的相对位置能够满足工艺要求，该方法解决了喷注器壳体与内底的端面孔加工位置精度的问题，保证了整体焊接后喷注器壳体和内底的端面孔的相对位置能满足工艺要求。
(2)本发明喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装，考虑现有机床及加工工艺技术条件，通过优化和改进完善了加工工装的方案，采用了多涨瓣结构，使涨环直接接触内底的内圆表面并撑紧内底，实现内底的定位和固定，且多涨瓣结构可以实现多方位撑紧力的单独调整，使内底的外圆同轴度与工装、机床保持在工艺要求的范围内，该方法解决了内底的加工定位及位置度的调整问题。本发明通过合理的工艺方法和加工工装，提高了液体火箭发动机喷注器壳体与内底的加工合格率。
(3)采用本发明的装置与方法，不仅提升了内底及喷注器壳体的端面孔的加工精度，而且更易于内底与喷注器壳体零件的装夹，装夹效率提升了200％以上。
(4)本发明的多涨瓣结构(涨环)使用H62等硬度较软材料，不仅起到撑 紧、调节内底同轴度的作用，也保护内底表面不会被压伤。
(5)本发明加工方法更容易使用在两种硬度较低的柱状零件加工，且零件在加工状态时无可固定的工艺孔或易于固定的工艺位置，也同时满足两件加工端面孔的位数最大达1000个，且端面孔的数量及位置相同的零件工艺加工方法，且能够保证两件零件加工后，端面孔的位置度最高达到0.0015mm，最低达到0.003mm的精度。
(6)本发明加工方法可以将喷注器壳体、内底和加工工装整体用于壳体与内底的焊接工艺，也可以将喷注器壳体、内底与加工工装拆卸后继续下一步工序，并且重复将喷注器壳体、内底和加工工装装配后，也能满足喷注器壳体与内底端面孔的同轴度要求，且通过定位装配后喷注器壳体和内底的端面孔的同轴度精度可以达到0.005mm。
附图说明
图1为本发明喷注器壳体与内底加工工装结构示意图
图2为本发明内底加工工装结构示意图；
图3为本发明定位盘结构示意图；
图4为本发明涨环结构示意图；
图5为本发明压环和固定板结构示意图。
图6为本发明涨环涨紧机构示意图
图7为本发明喷注器壳体与内底结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。
实施例1：
一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装及加工方法，该喷注器壳体30的端面孔与内底20上的端面孔同轴时焊接在一起，而喷注器壳体30与内底20上的端面孔的数量较多，数量相同，该方法是在喷注器壳体30与内底20一次装夹保证定位精度时使用相同的加工程序分别加工喷注器壳体30与内底20上的端面孔，实现喷注器壳体30与内底20孔的相对位置精度。
该加工工装包括定位盘1、第一垫块2、第一压板3、第一螺钉4、第二螺钉5、圆柱端紧定螺钉6、涨环7、压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11，加工工装实现喷注器壳体30与内底20的定位和夹紧。加工方法包括：
(1)数控机床台面上放置四个一定高度的标准平垫块，将该加工工装安装于标准平垫块上，通过T型螺栓将该加工工装压紧在数控机床台面上；
(2)将内底20安装在定位盘1上，通过第二螺钉5、圆柱端紧定螺钉6和涨环7将内底20径向固定在定位盘上1，且通过调节涨环7压紧内底20内表面，使用数控机床打表测量内底20外表面，使得内底20外表面直径使其达到工艺尺寸要求，再通过压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11竖直固定内底20；
(3)先加工定位压紧的内底20上的端面孔，保持内底20相对于定位盘1的固定位置，拆卸压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11，将喷注器壳体30安装在定位盘1上且套设在内底20上，使用第一垫块2、第一螺钉4和第一压板3，第一螺钉4依次穿设于第一压板3的通孔和第一垫块2的通孔，以压紧固定喷注器壳体30，再加工喷注器壳体30上的端面孔；
(4)加工完成喷注器壳体30与内底20的端面孔后，保持喷注器壳体30相对于内底20的固定位置，拆卸与数控机床连接的T型螺栓，将喷注器壳体30、内底20和加工工装整体用于喷注器壳体30与内底20的焊接工艺。
所述的步骤(1)中，加工工装需要安装于放置在机床工作台面上的标准平垫块上，方便通过第二螺钉5和圆柱端紧定螺钉6来调整涨环7的外圆直径。
所述的步骤(2)中，将内底20装配到加工工装的定位盘1上，通过第二螺钉5和圆柱端紧定螺钉6来调整涨环7，使涨环7接触到内底20的内圆，并通过调整涨环7，通过百分表测量工装定位轴端及内底20外表面的圆跳动，使内底20外圆与加工工装同轴，再通过压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11竖直固定内底20，并采用镗孔的方法加工内底20上的端面孔。
所述的步骤(2)中，涨环7为多涨瓣结构，且根据加工件直径的大小设计涨环数量，每个涨环弧长为：100mm-130mm之间，且涨环材料与内底20硬度相同或硬度等级低一级，多涨瓣结构可以通过单独调整每一个涨环实现多方位撑紧力的单独调整。
所述的步骤(3)中，在加工完内底20上的端面孔后，保持内底20相对于定位盘1的固定，将喷注器壳体30装配到内底20上，通过第一螺钉4、第一垫块2和第一压板3压紧喷注器壳体30外缘，使喷注器壳体30固定。
所述的步骤(3)中，喷注器壳体30与内底20的端面孔数量相同，大小相同，且喷注器壳体30与内底20的端面孔同轴设置，为保证喷注器壳体30与内底20的相对位置，在加工完内底20的端面孔后，固定压紧喷注器壳体30，使用相同的数控加工程序直接加工喷注器壳体30上端面的孔。
所述的步骤(4)中，不拆卸喷注器壳体30、内底20和加工工装，在保证喷注器壳体30与内底20上的端面孔同轴时焊接喷注器壳体30与内底20，
优选的，参考图5，加工工装还包括压环8和固定板14，其中，内底20的端面孔加工完后，需将固定板14把内底20与工作台连接，将压环8压在内底20上方便压紧，进行端面孔的锪窝工序，如图4所示。
图1为加工工装结构，在数控机床台面上放置四个一定高度的标准平垫块，将该加工工装安装于标准平垫块上，通过T型螺栓将该加工工装压紧在数控机床台面上；将内底20安装在图2的定位盘1，通过第二螺钉5、圆柱端紧定螺钉6和涨环7将内底20固定在定位盘1上，且通过涨环7压紧内底20内表面，使用数控机床打表测量内底20外表面，使其达到工艺尺寸要求，再通过压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11竖直固定内底20；先加工定位压紧的内底20上的端面孔，保持内底20相对于定位盘1的固定位置，拆卸压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11，将喷注器壳体30套在内底20上，使用垫块2、第一螺钉4和第一压板3压紧固定喷 注器壳体30，再加工喷注器壳体30上的端面孔；加工完成喷注器壳体30与内底20的端面孔后，保持喷注器壳体30和内底20相对于定位盘1的固定位置，拆卸与数控机床连接的T型螺栓，可以将喷注器壳体30、内底20和加工工装整体用于喷注器壳体30与内底20的焊接工艺，也可以将喷注器壳体30、内底20与加工工装整体拆卸后继续下一步工序，并且重复将喷注器壳体30、内底20和加工工装装配后，也能满足喷注器壳体30与内底20的端面孔的同轴度要求。
实施例2：
参考图1至图4一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装，包括定位盘1、第一垫块2、第一压板3、多个涨环7、压环8、第二压板10以及第二垫块11。
定位盘1整体为柱状，，从底端到顶端外径呈阶梯状缩小，定位盘1顶端的外侧壁上设有凹槽12，凹槽12沿定位盘1的顶端的周向环绕设置以形成环状，凹槽12内设有孔13，定位盘1的内部沿轴线方向开设有通孔，孔13与通孔连通；内底20套装在定位盘的顶端，喷注器壳体30设置于定位盘1上，且喷注器壳体30套设于内底20的外表面上；
多个涨环7位于凹槽12内，且多个涨环7沿凹槽12的周向环绕设置以组成圆环状，多个涨环7用于抵住内底20的内圆，通过调整一个或多个涨环7的位置，使内底20的外圆达到预定位置；
压环8设置于内底20的顶端，第二垫块11设置于定位盘1和第二压板10之间，第二垫块11用于支撑第二压板10，第二压板10与定位盘1连接后，第二压板10用于压住压环8，以使内底20相对于定位盘1固定；第一垫块2位于定位盘1和第一压板3之间，第一垫块2用于支撑第一压板3，第一压板3与定位盘1连接后，第一压板3用于压住喷注器壳体30，并使喷注器壳体30与内底20的位置固定。
具体地，定位盘1由上至下形成有多级台阶，在本实施例中，台阶的数量为三级，由上之下分别为第一级台阶、第二级台阶和第三级台阶，内底20设置于顶端的第一级台阶上，喷注器壳体30设置于第二级台阶上，且内底20的外表面和喷注器壳体30的内表面紧密贴合。
进一步的，内底20开口处的厚度不小于第一级台阶的宽度，以便于内底20的外表面和喷注器壳体30的内表面紧密贴合。
具体地，喷注器壳体30靠近底端的位置处设置有凸起，压板3压住凸起的上表面，以实现喷注器壳体30在定位盘1上的轴向固定。
进一步的，垫块2上设置有与凸起相适配的凹形槽，凸起设置于凹型槽内，且凸起与凹型槽的底端相抵持，与第一压板3和第一螺栓4相配合以实现喷注器壳体30在定位盘1上的水平方向上的固定。
可选的，每个涨环7弧长为100mm-130mm，且涨环7的材料硬度不高于内底20的材料硬度。
可选的，所述涨环7的材料硬度比内底20的材料硬度低一个等级。
一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工方法，采用实施例1或2的加工工装；包括：
将所述加工工装压紧在机床台面上；
将内底20安装在定位盘1的顶端，通过调整涨环7在凹槽12的径向位置，使内底20外表面满足预设的工艺尺寸要求：圆柱度±0.0015mm，圆柱度±0.0015mm，再通过压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11竖直固定内底20；
加工内底20上的端面孔，保持内底20相对于定位盘1的固定位置，拆卸压环8、第三螺钉9、第二压板10、第二垫块11，将喷注器壳体30安装在定位盘1上且套设与内底20的外表面，并通过压板3固定喷注器壳体30，加工喷注器壳体30的端面孔；
保持喷注器壳体30和内底20相对于定位盘1的固定位置，将加工工装从机床拆下，对喷注器壳体30与内底20进行焊接。
可选的，在机床台面上放置数个平垫块，将所述加工工装置于平垫块上，将所述加工工装与机床台面连接。
可选的，所述内底20和喷注器壳体30上的端面孔均采用镗孔的方法加工。
可选的，所述内底20的端面孔和喷注器壳体30上的端面孔，数量和大小均相同，且所述内底内底(20)的端面孔和所述喷注器壳体(30)的端面孔同轴设置。
具体地，参考图7，内底20的端面孔设置于内底20的顶端，喷注器壳体30上的端面孔设置于喷注器壳体30的顶端。
可选的，使用数控机床打表测量内底20的外表面。
可选的，加工工装还包括螺栓，螺栓穿设于凹槽12的孔13内，螺栓的一端位于通孔内，螺栓的另一端与涨环7相连接，螺栓能够沿孔13的轴向移动，从而带动涨环7沿内底20的径向移动，以调整涨环7在凹槽12的径向位置。
具体地，参考图6，螺栓包括第二螺钉5和两个圆柱端紧定螺钉6，第二螺钉5的一端位于定位盘1的通孔内，第二螺钉5的另一端与涨环7相连接，两个圆柱端紧定螺钉6相对设置，其中一个圆柱端紧定螺钉6的一端设置于凹槽12顶端的侧壁，另一端与第二螺钉5的顶端相抵持，另一个圆柱端紧定螺钉6的一端设置于凹槽12底端的侧壁，另一端与第二螺钉5的底端相抵持。可选的，使用相同的数控加工程序加工内底20和喷注器壳体30上的端面孔。
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属本领域技术人员的公知技术。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的 方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装，其特征在于，包括定位盘(1)、第一垫块(2)、第一压板(3)以及多个涨环(7)；
    所述定位盘(1)整体为柱状，从底端到顶端外径呈阶梯状缩小，所述定位盘(1)顶端的外侧壁设有凹槽(12)，且凹槽(12)沿定位盘(1)顶端的周向环绕设置以形成环状，所述凹槽(12)内设有孔(13)，所述定位盘(1)的内部沿轴线方向开设有通孔，所述孔(11)与所述通孔连通；所述内底(20)套装在定位盘(1)的顶端，所述喷注器壳体(30)设置于所述定位盘(1)上，且所述喷注器壳体(30)套设于所述内底(20)的外表面；
    多个所述涨环(7)位于所述凹槽(12)内，且多个所述涨环(7)沿所述凹槽(12)的周向环绕设置以组成圆环状，多个所述涨环(7)用于抵住所述内底(20)的内圆，通过调整一个或多个所述涨环(7)的位置，使所述内底(20)的外圆达到预定位置；所述第一垫块(2)位于所述定位盘(1)和所述第一压板(3)之间，所述第一垫块(2)用于支撑所述第一压板(3)，所述第一压板(3)与所述定位盘(1)连接后，所述第一压板(3)用于压住所述喷注器壳体(30)，并使所述喷注器壳体(30)与所述内底(20)的位置固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的加工工装，其特征在于，每个所述涨环(7)的弧长为100mm-130mm，且所述涨环(7)的材料硬度不高于所述内底(20)的材料硬度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的加工工装，其特征在于，所述涨环(7)的材料硬度比所述内底(20)的材料硬度低一个等级。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的加工工装，其特征在于，所述加工工装还包括压环(8)、第二压板(10)以及第二垫块(11)，所述压环(8)设置于所述内 底(20)的顶端，所述第二垫块(11)设置于所述定位盘(1)和所述第二压板(10)之间，所述第二垫块(11)用于支撑所述第二压板(10)，所述第二压板(10)与所述定位盘(1)连接后，所述第二压板(10)用于压住所述压环(8)，以使所述内底(20)相对于所述定位盘(1)固定。
  5. 一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至4中任一项所述的加工工装；包括：
    将所述加工工装压紧在机床的台面上；
    将所述内底(20)安装在所述定位盘(1)的顶端，通过调整所述涨环(7)在凹槽(12)的径向位置，使所述内底(20)的外表面满足预设的工艺尺寸要求；
    加工所述内底(20)上的端面孔，保持所述内底(20)相对于所述定位盘(1)的固定位置，将所述喷注器壳体(30)安装在所述定位盘(1)上且套设于内底(20)的外表面，并通过所述第一压板(3)固定所述喷注器壳体(30)，加工所述喷注器壳体(30)的端面孔；
    保持所述喷注器壳体(30)和所述内底(20)相对于定位盘1的固定位置，将所述加工工装从所述机床拆下，对所述喷注器壳体(30)与所述内底(20)进行焊接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，在所述机床的台面上放置数个平垫块，将所述加工工装置于所述平垫块上，以将所述加工工装与机床台面连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，将所述内底(20)安装在所述定位盘(1)的顶端，通过调整所述涨环(7)在凹槽(12)的径向位置， 使所述内底(20)的外表面满足预设的工艺尺寸要求，采用所述压环(8)压在内底(20)上，并用第二压板(10)和第二垫块(11)竖直固定内底(20)。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，加工所述内底(20)上的端面孔，保持所述内底(20)相对于所述定位盘(1)的固定位置，拆卸所述压环(8)、所述第二压板(10)和所述第二垫块(11)，将所述喷注器壳体(30)安装在所述定位盘(1)上且套设于内底(20)的外表面，并通过所述第一压板(3)固定所述喷注器壳体(30)，加工所述喷注器壳体(30)的端面孔。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，所述内底(20)和所述喷注器壳体(30)上的端面孔均采用镗孔的方法加工。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，所述内底(20)的端面孔和所述喷注器壳体(30)的端面孔，数量和大小均相同，且所述内底内底(20)的端面孔和所述喷注器壳体(30)的端面孔同轴设置。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，使用数控机床打表测量所述内底(20)的外表面。
  12. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，所述加工工装还包括螺栓，所述螺栓穿设于所述凹槽(12)的所述孔(13)内，所述螺栓的一端位于所述通孔内，所述螺栓的另一端与所述涨环(7)相连接，所述螺栓能够沿所述孔(13)的轴向移动，以调整涨环(7)在凹槽(12)的径向位置。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的加工方法，其特征在于，使用相同的数控加工程序加工所述内底(20)和所述喷注器壳体(30)上的端面孔。
PCT/CN2022/135053 2022-04-29 2022-11-29 一种用于喷注器壳体与内底的加工工装及加工方法 WO2023207071A1 (zh)

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