WO2023202564A1 - 分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法 - Google Patents

分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202564A1
WO2023202564A1 PCT/CN2023/088926 CN2023088926W WO2023202564A1 WO 2023202564 A1 WO2023202564 A1 WO 2023202564A1 CN 2023088926 W CN2023088926 W CN 2023088926W WO 2023202564 A1 WO2023202564 A1 WO 2023202564A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
key
segmented
wedge
keyway
axial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/088926
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何亚民
魏勇
丁亚卓
徐智平
Original Assignee
成都利君实业股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202220939108.7U external-priority patent/CN217796416U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202220961060.XU external-priority patent/CN218423102U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202220939107.2U external-priority patent/CN218423101U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210425614.9A external-priority patent/CN114849845B/zh
Application filed by 成都利君实业股份有限公司 filed Critical 成都利君实业股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023202564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202564A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/28—Details
    • B02C4/30—Shape or construction of rollers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of installation and fixation of roller shafts and sleeves, and specifically to the locking structure of the segmented sleeve, the roller shaft that can be loaded and unloaded in segments, and the loading and unloading method thereof.
  • High-pressure roller mill (roller press) is the latest generation of special equipment for crushing and processing of building materials, cement, metallurgical mining, chemical industry and other industries that was researched and developed at the end of the 20th century. It can achieve the production of finished materials at extremely low energy consumption and operating costs. A substantial increase in output.
  • roller presses are becoming more and more widely used and their technology is becoming more and more mature.
  • the roller sleeve is a component that is in direct contact with the material and is an important factor in the efficiency and cost of the high-pressure roller mill (roller press).
  • roller sleeves are directly installed on the shaft core.
  • the roller sleeves must be replaced as a whole after they are worn to a certain extent.
  • the whole process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, the labor intensity of the operator is high, the replacement efficiency is low, and the cost of the roller sleeve and replacement are high.
  • the object of the present invention is to: in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a locking structure of the segmented bushing, a roller that can be loaded and unloaded in pieces, and a method of loading and unloading the same without disassembling the reducer, frame, bearings, bearing seats, etc.
  • the loading and unloading of the segmented sleeves on the entire shaft core can be quickly completed, which greatly shortens the time required for maintenance and reduces the economic losses caused by factory shutdowns; it can eliminate the need for segmented sleeves and shaft cores gap between each other to avoid the loosening of the segmented sleeve during the operation of the equipment, resulting in a large impact force between the segmented sleeve and the shaft core and damage to the segmented sleeve.
  • the locking structure of the segmented shaft sleeve includes a key/keyway provided on the shaft core and a keyway/key provided on the segmented sleeve.
  • the key and the keyway match each other, and there is a circumferential gap between the key and the keyway.
  • a wedge-shaped key is provided at the circumferential gap, and the wedge-shaped key is movably arranged in the circumferential gap through a locking element; the axial end surface of the keyway is connected to the segmented sleeve/axis core through an axial through hole.
  • the end faces are connected, and one end of the locking element extends into the keyway through the axial through hole and is adjustably connected to the wedge key.
  • the wedge key can move in the axial direction under the action of the locking element.
  • the side of the key that matches the wedge-shaped key is an inclined plane structure that matches the wedge-shaped key.
  • the side of the inclined plane structure close to the inner wall of the keyway is a shrinking end, and the side away from the inner wall of the keyway is an expanded end.
  • the wedge-shaped key can be moved between the flared and reduced ends by means of a locking element.
  • the inclined plane structure is easy to process; the locking element causes the wedge-shaped key to move toward the constriction end or the expansion end; while moving toward the constriction end, the wedge-shaped key moves along the inclined plane to the expansion position Y, so that The wedge-shaped key, the segmented sleeve and the shaft core are in close contact with each other and obtain the required tightening force; when the wedge-shaped key moves to the expanded end, the expanded state of the segmented sleeve can be made loose, which facilitates segmentation. Disassembly of shaft sleeve.
  • the wedge-shaped key includes a working part and an adjusting part, the working part matches the circumferential gap, and the adjusting part is provided in the axial gap and connected to the working part , the locking element is adjustably connected to the adjusting portion of the wedge key.
  • the structure is compact and easy to produce and process.
  • one end of the axial through hole away from the keyway is provided with a limiting groove
  • the locking element is provided with a boss protruding in the radial direction.
  • One side of the boss is in contact with the limiting groove, and the other side of the boss is in contact with the limiting groove.
  • the side is limited by the limiting element, and the limiting element and the limiting groove cooperate with each other to limit the axial displacement of the locking element; the locking element is threadedly connected with the wedge-shaped key.
  • the limiting element and the limiting groove cooperate with each other to limit the axial displacement of the locking element, when the segmented bushing is installed, the locking element is rotated in the forward direction, and the locking element does not move, while the wedge key Under the action of the thread, it moves toward the shrinkage end to the expansion position; when it is necessary to disassemble the segmented sleeve, rotate the locking element in the reverse direction, and the boss of the locking element is against the limiting element. Under the support of the limiting element, the Push the wedge-shaped key toward the flared end to make it tight The segmented bushing becomes loose.
  • both axial ends of the keyway are provided with axial through holes, one of the axial through holes is equipped with a locking element, and the other axial through hole is equipped with a tightening element.
  • the tightening element can act as an axial limiter for the key.
  • both axial ends of the keyway are provided with axial through holes, and the two axial through holes are equipped with locking elements.
  • Each locking element is adjustable and connected with its corresponding wedge-shaped key, which is connected to the keyway.
  • Two wedge-shaped keys with matching locking elements at both ends are arranged oppositely.
  • the two opposite wedge-shaped keys can be pulled and locked, and the structure is more stable.
  • the roller that can be loaded and unloaded in pieces includes a shaft core, a plurality of pieced sleeves and a fixed structure. Several of the pieced sleeves cover the rolling surface of the shaft core in the circumferential direction.
  • the pieced sleeves are connected to the shaft through the fixed structure.
  • the shaft core is detachably connected, and the fixed structure includes a locking structure for axial and circumferential positioning of the segmented sleeve, and an installation structure for radially positioning the segmented sleeve; the locking structure includes a locking structure provided on the shaft
  • the wedge-shaped key is movably arranged in the circumferential gap through the locking element; the axial end surface of the keyway is connected to the end surface of the segmented sleeve/shaft core through the axial through hole, and one end of the locking element It extends into the keyway through the axial through hole and is adjustably connected with the wedge key, and the wedge key can move in the axial direction under the action of the wedge key.
  • the locking structure and the installation structure cooperate with each other to realize the positioning of the segmented bushing in the axial, circumferential and radial directions, so that the segmented bushing is firmly installed on the shaft core.
  • At least one pair of the mounting structures is provided at both axial ends of the limiting structure, and the mounting structures radially connect the shaft core and the segmented sleeve.
  • the installation structure includes installation groove A, installation groove B, radial through holes, T-bolts and fixing nuts.
  • the installation groove A is provided on the end face of the shaft core, and the installation groove B is provided on the segmented shaft sleeve.
  • the radial through hole connects the installation slot A and the installation slot B.
  • the screw head of the T-bolt is limited to the installation slot A/installation slot B.
  • the screw rod passes through the radial through hole and extends into the installation slot B/installation slot.
  • the fixing nut is located in the mounting slot B/mounting slot A and is assembled on the screw rod of the T-bolt.
  • the structure is simple, stable and easy to disassemble and assemble.
  • the installation structure includes an installation groove A, a radial through hole, a double-headed stud and a fixing device.
  • the installation groove A is provided on the end face of the segmented sleeve/shaft core.
  • the radial through hole is along the diameter of the shaft sleeve. Connect the installation groove A and the shaft core/segmented sleeve; one end of the double-headed stud is assembled in the radial through hole, and the other end extends out of the radial through hole and is restricted to the fixing device.
  • the mounting structure includes a pin and a mounting hole.
  • the mounting hole is provided at the end of the segmented sleeve/shaft core.
  • the mounting hole communicates with the side wall of the key and the keyway in the axial direction.
  • the pin The shaft body is assembled into the mounting hole, and the pin head is fixed to the segmented bushing/shaft core through fixing elements.
  • the installation structure includes an installation groove A, an installation groove B, a wedge-shaped clamping block and a clamping bolt.
  • the installation groove A is provided on the end face of the shaft core
  • the installation groove B is provided on the end face of the segmented shaft sleeve.
  • the groove walls of the installation groove A and the installation groove B include an inclined surface that matches the wedge-shaped clamping block;
  • the wedge-shaped clamping block includes a clamping part A that matches the installation slot A, a clamping part B that matches the installation slot B, and a connecting beam connecting the clamping part A and the clamping part B.
  • the connecting beam is movably connected to the shaft core and/or the segmented bushing through clamping bolts.
  • the clamping part A and the clamping part B move along the corresponding inclined plane to the expansion position, thereby connecting the shaft core and the segmented sleeve while eliminating the need for the shaft core and the segmented sleeve.
  • the radial gap between the sleeves Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, by adjusting the clamping bolts, the clamping part A and the clamping part B move along the corresponding inclined plane to the expansion position, thereby connecting the shaft core and the segmented sleeve while eliminating the need for the shaft core and the segmented sleeve.
  • the installation structure includes an installation groove A, an installation groove B, an installation groove C and an I-shaped key.
  • the installation groove A is provided on the end face of the shaft core
  • the installation groove B is provided on the end face of the segmented shaft sleeve.
  • the installation groove C communicates with the installation groove A and the installation groove B, and cooperates with the installation groove A and the installation groove B to form an I-shaped groove.
  • the I-shaped key matches the I-shaped groove, and the I-shaped key passes through the mounting bolt. Can be detachably connected to the I-shaped groove.
  • an anti-rust structure which includes a groove, a vapor-phase anti-rust block that can volatilize anti-rust substances, and a sealing structure.
  • the groove is provided on the key and/or keyway, and the vapor-phase anti-rust structure.
  • the block is arranged in the groove, and the sealing structure can form a seal between the shaft core and the segmented sleeve when the key and the keyway cooperate with each other.
  • the sealing structure is arranged around the keyway.
  • the anti-rust substances produced after the gas-phase anti-rust block volatilizes will adhere to the surfaces of the keys and keyways, which can effectively prevent the assembly of the shaft core and the segmented bushing from rusting, and avoid changing the key and key due to rust removal.
  • the surface size of the keyway affects the accuracy of the equipment, and also facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the segmented sleeves; a closed cavity is formed between the sealing structure, the shaft core and the segmented sleeves, which on the one hand can block moisture from the external environment.
  • vapor phase anti-rust block The anti-rust substances produced will keep the closed cavity dry and anti-rust for a long time.
  • both axial ends of the keyway are provided with axial through holes, one of the axial through holes is equipped with a locking element, and the other axial through hole is equipped with a tightening element.
  • both axial ends of the keyway are provided with axial through holes, and the two axial through holes are equipped with locking elements.
  • Each locking element is adjustable and connected with its corresponding wedge-shaped key, which is connected to the keyway.
  • Two wedge-shaped keys with matching locking elements at both ends are arranged oppositely.
  • the method of loading and unloading rollers that can be loaded and unloaded in pieces includes the following steps:
  • Assembly steps of the locking structure Place the wedge key on one side of the key so that the wedge key fits the key. Match the segmented sleeve with the shaft core so that the key and wedge key are assembled in the keyway. At this time, the wedge key is located between the key and the key. A circumferential gap is formed between the keyways.
  • One end of the locking element extends into the keyway through the axial through hole and is adjustably connected to the wedge key. The locking element is adjusted to align the segmented sleeve;
  • Installation structure assembly steps Assemble the installation structure between the segmented sleeve and the shaft core, so that the segmented sleeve is fixed to the shaft core in the radial direction, and the radial gap between the segmented sleeve and the shaft core is eliminated;
  • Expansion step Adjust the locking element so that the wedge key, driven by the locking element, moves toward the constriction end to the expansion position, so that the wedge key, the segmented sleeve and the shaft core are closely attached to each other and the required expansion is obtained. force, tighten the installation structure according to the final locking torque value;
  • Steps for installing the segmented bushing rotate the shaft core to the position to be installed of the next segmented bushing, and repeat the above steps until the segmented bushing covers the rolling surface of the shaft core in the circumferential direction;
  • Disassembly steps Remove the installation structure, adjust the locking element, push the wedge-shaped key toward the flared end, so that the tightened segmented sleeve becomes loose, remove the locking element, disassemble the segmented sleeve, and take out the wedge-shaped key. Rotate the shaft core to the disassembly position of the next segmented bushing, and repeat this step until the segmented bushing to be disassembled is completed.
  • the loading and unloading of the segmented bushings on the entire shaft core can be quickly completed without disassembling major parts such as the reducer, frame, bearings, and bearing seats, greatly shortening the time required for maintenance. It reduces the economic losses caused by factory shutdowns and reduces the cost of using large lifting equipment.
  • the locking element and the wedge-shaped key are threaded; in the locking structure assembly step, after one end of the locking element extends into the keyway, a limiting element is assembled on the other end of the locking element, and the locking element is rotated forward. Turn the locking element to align the segmented sleeve; in the expansion step, turn the locking element forward until the wedge key moves to the expansion position; in the disassembly step, turn the locking element in the reverse direction. Make one side of the boss of the locking element contact the limiting element, and with the support of the limiting element, push the wedge-shaped key toward the flared end in the opposite direction, so that the segmented sleeve in the expanded state becomes loose.
  • the present invention can eliminate the gap between the segmented sleeve and the shaft core, and effectively prevent the segmented sleeve from loosening relative to the shaft core during the operation of the equipment.
  • the present invention can effectively prevent the assembly of the shaft core and the segmented bushing from rusting, avoid changing the surface size of the key and keyway due to rust removal, and affecting the accuracy of the equipment. It is also conducive to the disassembly and replacement of the segmented bushing.
  • the present invention can quickly complete the loading and unloading of the segmented bushings on the entire shaft core without disassembling major parts such as the reducer, frame, bearings, and bearing seats, greatly shortening the time required for maintenance and reducing factory costs. Economic losses caused by downtime and production.
  • the present invention realizes the expansion and relaxation of the wedge-shaped key through threaded connection, and is easy to operate.
  • the installation structure of the present invention has high loading and unloading efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of the locking structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the locking structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the bilateral locking structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a roller that can be loaded and detached in pieces according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the T-bolt of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-headed stud of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the pin of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the wedge-shaped clamping block of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the I-shaped key of the present invention.
  • the locking structure of the segmented sleeve includes a key 15 provided on the shaft core 4 and a keyway 14 provided on the segmented sleeve 3.
  • the key 15 and the keyway 14 match each other, so There is a circumferential gap 12 between the key 15 and the keyway 14, and a wedge-shaped key 6 is provided at the circumferential gap 12.
  • the wedge-shaped key 6 is movably arranged in the circumferential gap 12 through the locking element 2; the keyway
  • the axial end surface of 14 is connected with the end surface of the segmented sleeve 3 through the axial through hole.
  • One end of the locking element 2 extends into the keyway 14 through the axial through hole and is adjustably connected to the wedge-shaped key 6.
  • the wedge-shaped key 6 The key 6 can move axially under the action of the locking element 2 .
  • the alignment of the segmented sleeve 3 can be achieved, and the gap between the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4 can also be eliminated.
  • the circumferential gap 12 prevents the segmented sleeve 3 from loosening during the operation of the equipment, resulting in a large impact force between the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4, and damaging the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4. Coordination point.
  • the key 15 is provided with a groove, and a gas-phase anti-rust block 5 that can volatilize anti-rust substances is provided in the groove.
  • the gas-phase anti-rust block 5 is an existing technology, and its specific composition is not disclosed here. To reiterate, the anti-rust substances generated after the gas-phase anti-rust block 5 volatilizes will adhere to the surface of the locking structure, which can effectively prevent the locking structure from rusting, avoid changing the surface size of the locking structure due to rust removal, and affecting the accuracy of the equipment.
  • the side of the key 15 that matches the wedge key 6 is a bevel structure that matches the wedge key 6.
  • the side of the bevel structure close to the inner wall of the keyway 14 is a reduced end, and the side away from the inner wall of the keyway 14 is an expanded end.
  • the wedge-shaped key 6 is movable between a flared end and a constricted end via the locking element 2 .
  • the slope structure is easy to process; the locking element 2 makes the wedge key 6 move toward the shrinking end or the expanding end; while the wedge key 6 moves toward the shrinking end, it moves along the slope to the expansion position Y, so that The wedge key 6, the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4 are in close contact with each other and obtain the required tightening force; when the wedge key 6 moves toward the flared end, the segmented sleeve 3 in the expanded state can become loose. , to facilitate the disassembly of the segmented bushing 3.
  • the wedge key 6 includes a working part 601 and an adjusting part 602.
  • the working part 601 matches the circumferential gap 12, and the adjusting part 602 is provided in the axial direction.
  • the gap 13 is connected to the working part 601, and the locking element 2 is adjustably connected to the adjusting part 602 of the wedge key 6.
  • the wedge-shaped key 6 has an L-shaped structure.
  • the working part 601 is the long side of the L-shaped structure.
  • the adjusting part 602 is the short side of the L-shaped structure.
  • the locking element 2 acts on the adjusting part 602 to drive the wedge.
  • the key 6 is displaced, the overall assembly structure is compact, and it is easy to produce and process.
  • the end of the axial through hole away from the keyway 14 is provided with a limiting groove
  • the locking element 2 is provided with a boss 201 protruding in the radial direction.
  • One side of the boss 201 is in contact with the limiting groove, and the other side is in contact with the limiting groove.
  • One side is limited by the limiting element 1, which cooperates with the limiting groove to limit the axial displacement of the locking element 2; the locking element 2 is threadedly connected to the wedge key 6.
  • the limiting element 1 is a locking nut
  • the locking element 2 is a locking screw
  • the locking nut and the locking screw rotate in opposite directions.
  • the limiting element 1 and the limiting groove cooperate with each other to limit the axial displacement of the locking element 2, when installing the segmented sleeve 3, rotate the locking element 2 in the forward direction, the locking element 2 will not move, and the wedge-shaped The key 6 moves toward the shrinkage end to the expansion position under the action of the thread; when it is necessary to disassemble the segmented sleeve 3, the locking element 2 is rotated in the reverse direction, and the boss 201 of the locking element 2 is against the limiting element 1. Under the support of the limiting element 1, the wedge-shaped key 6 is pushed out toward the flared end in reverse direction, so that the segmented sleeve 3 in the tightened state becomes a loose state.
  • Axial through holes are provided at both axial ends of the keyway 14.
  • One of the axial through holes is equipped with a locking element 2, and the other axial through hole is equipped with a tightening element 11.
  • the single-sided locking structure is adopted to make assembly more convenient; the tightening element 11 can act as an axial limiter for the key 15 .
  • Embodiment 2 replaces the arrangement of the locking element 2 in Embodiment 1 and is an alternative to Embodiment 1; further description, the same components will not be described again here.
  • the axial direction of the keyway 14 Both ends are provided with axial through holes, and the two axial through holes are equipped with locking elements 2.
  • Each locking element 2 is adjustable and connected with its corresponding wedge key 6, and the locking elements at both ends of the keyway 14 2.
  • Two matching wedge-shaped keys 6 are arranged oppositely.
  • a bilateral locking structure is adopted, so that the two opposite wedge-shaped keys 6 can be pulled and locked, and the structure is more stable.
  • the wedge-shaped key 6 is located at the initial position X before tightening and at the position Y after tightening.
  • the roller that can be loaded and unloaded in pieces includes a shaft core 4, a plurality of segmented sleeves 3 and a fixed structure. Several of the segmented sleeves 3 cover the shaft core in the circumferential direction. 4, the segmenting sleeve 3 is detachably connected to the shaft core 4 through a fixed structure.
  • the fixed structure includes a locking structure for axial and circumferential positioning of the segmenting sleeve 3, and a locking structure for axially and circumferentially positioning the segmenting sleeve 3.
  • the shaft sleeve 3 has an installation structure for radial positioning; the locking structure includes an installation structure provided on the shaft core 4
  • the key 15 and the keyway 14 provided on the segmented sleeve 3.
  • the key 15 and the keyway 14 match each other.
  • the circumferential gap 12 is provided with Wedge key 6, the wedge key 6 is movably arranged in the circumferential gap 12 through the locking element 2; the axial end surface of the keyway 14 is connected with the end surface of the segmented sleeve 3 through the axial through hole, and the lock
  • One end of the tightening element 2 extends into the keyway 14 through the axial through hole and is adjustably connected to the wedge key 6 .
  • the wedge key 6 can move in the axial direction under the action of the wedge key 6 .
  • the locking structure and the installation structure cooperate with each other to realize the axial, circumferential and radial positioning of the segmented sleeve 3, so that the segmented sleeve 3 is firmly installed on the shaft core 4.
  • At least one pair of the mounting structures is provided at both axial ends of the limiting structure, and the mounting structures radially connect the shaft core 4 and the segmented sleeve 3 .
  • the anti-rust structure includes a groove, a vapor-phase anti-rust block 5 that can volatilize anti-rust substances, and a sealing structure.
  • the groove is provided on the key 15 and/or the keyway 14.
  • the vapor-phase anti-rust The block 5 is arranged in the groove, and the sealing structure can form a seal between the shaft core 4 and the segmented sleeve 3 when the key 15 and the keyway 14 cooperate with each other.
  • the sealing structure is arranged around the keyway 14 .
  • the anti-rust substances generated after the gas-phase anti-rust block 5 volatilizes will adhere to the surfaces of the key 15 and the keyway 14, which can effectively prevent the assembly of the shaft core 4 and the segmented sleeve 3 from rusting and avoid changes due to rust removal.
  • the surface size of the key 15 and the keyway 14 affects the accuracy of the equipment, and also facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the segmented sleeve 3; a closed cavity is formed between the sealing structure, the shaft core 4 and the segmented sleeve 3. On the one hand, it can It blocks moisture from the external environment.
  • the anti-rust substances produced by the gas-phase anti-rust block 5 will keep the closed cavity dry and anti-rust for a long time.
  • Axial through holes are provided at both axial ends of the keyway 14.
  • One of the axial through holes is equipped with a locking element 2, and the other axial through hole is equipped with a tightening element 11.
  • Embodiment 4 replaces the arrangement of the locking element 2 in Embodiment 3 and is an alternative solution of Embodiment 3; further explanation, the same components will not be described again here.
  • the two axial directions of the keyway 14 Both ends are provided with axial through holes, and the two axial through holes are equipped with locking elements 2.
  • Each locking element 2 is adjustable and connected with its corresponding wedge key 6, and the locking elements 2 at both ends of the keyway 14
  • Two matching wedge-shaped keys 6 are arranged oppositely.
  • a bilateral locking structure is adopted, so that the two opposite wedge-shaped keys 6 can be pulled and locked, and the structure is more stable.
  • the wedge-shaped key 6 is located at the initial position X before tightening and at the position Y after tightening.
  • Embodiment 5 is a further improvement to Embodiment 3 or 4; further explanation, the same components will not be described again here.
  • the installation structure includes a mounting groove A16, a mounting groove B17, a radial through hole 18, T-shaped bolt 7 and fixing nut 9, the mounting slot A16 is provided on the end face of the shaft core 4, the mounting slot B17 is set on the end face of the segmented sleeve 3, the radial through hole 18 connects the mounting slot A16 and the mounting slot B17 , the screw head of the T-bolt 7 is limited to the mounting slot A16, the screw extends through the radial through hole 18 into the mounting slot B17, the fixing nut 9 is located in the mounting slot B17 and is assembled on the screw of the T-bolt 7.
  • the installation structure in this embodiment is simple, stable, and easy to disassemble and assemble.
  • one end of the T-bolt 7 that matches the fixing nut 9 may be provided with a cotter pin 20 that restricts the fixing nut 9 to prevent the fixing nut 9 from loosening and failing.
  • the T-bolt 7 is also covered with a flexible element 8.
  • the fixing nut 9 cooperates with the T-bolt 7 to push the flexible element 8 against the installation groove B17.
  • the flexible element 8 can be a butterfly spring group.
  • Embodiment 6 is a further improvement to Embodiment 3 or 4; further explanation, the same components will not be described again here, as shown in Figure 7, the installation structure includes installation slot A16, radial through hole 18, double-headed studs. 21 and the fixing device 22, the mounting groove A16 is provided on the end face of the segmented sleeve 3, the radial through hole 18 radially communicates the mounting groove A16 and the shaft core 4; one end of the double-headed stud 21 is assembled The radial through hole 18 protrudes from the other end and is limited to the fixing device 22 . Specifically, compared with Embodiment 5, Embodiment 6 can reduce the number of grooves and reduce manufacturing costs.
  • one end of the double-headed stud 21 matching the double-nut locking mechanism may be provided with a split pin 20 that limits the double-nut locking mechanism to prevent the double-nut locking mechanism from loosening and failing.
  • Embodiment 7 is a further improvement to Embodiment 3 or 4; further explanation, the same components will not be described again here.
  • the mounting structure includes a pin 23 and a mounting hole 24.
  • the mounting hole 24 is At the end of the segmented sleeve 3, the mounting hole 24 communicates with the side wall of the key 15 and the keyway 14 in the axial direction.
  • the shaft body of the pin 23 is assembled in the mounting hole 24, and the pin head is fixed to the mounting hole 24 through a fixing element 28. Segmented bushing 3.
  • Embodiment 7 does not require grooves, further reducing manufacturing costs.
  • Embodiment 8 is a further improvement to Embodiment 3 or 4; further explanation, the same components will not be described again here.
  • the installation structure includes installation groove A16, installation groove B17, wedge-shaped clamping block 25 and Clamping bolt 26, the installation groove A16 is provided on the end surface of the shaft core 4, the installation groove B17 is provided on the end surface of the segmented sleeve 3, the groove walls of the installation groove A16 and the installation groove B17 include a wedge-shaped clamping block 25 Matching Bevel;
  • the tightening block 25 includes a clamping part A matching the mounting groove A16, a clamping part B matching the mounting groove B17, and a connecting beam connecting the clamping part A and the clamping part B.
  • the connecting beam passes through the clamping bolt 26 It is movably connected with the axis core 4.
  • the clamping part A, the clamping part B and the connecting beam cooperate with each other to form a U-shaped or U-shaped structure.
  • an installation groove C19 can be provided that connects the installation groove A16 and the installation groove B17.
  • the installation groove C19 can match the connecting beam; the connecting beam can be movably connected to the shaft core 4 through the clamping bolt 26.
  • the clamping part A and the clamping part B move along the corresponding inclined plane to the expansion position, thereby connecting the shaft core 4 and the segmented sleeve 3 while eliminating the need for the shaft core 4 and the segmented sleeve 3.
  • Embodiment 9 is a further improvement to Embodiment 3 or 4; further description, the same components will not be repeated here, as shown in Figure 10, the installation structure includes installation slot A16, installation slot B17, installation slot C19 and I-shaped Key 27, the installation groove A16 is provided on the end surface of the shaft core 4, the installation groove B17 is provided on the end surface of the segmented shaft sleeve 3, the installation groove C19 connects the installation groove A16 and the installation groove B17, and is connected with the installation groove A16 and the installation groove C19.
  • the groove B17 cooperates to form an I-shaped groove, and the I-shaped key 27 matches the I-shaped groove.
  • the I-shaped key 27 is detachably connected to the I-shaped groove through the mounting bolt 29. Specifically, the assembly process is simple, making it easy to disassemble and replace the segmented sleeve 3.
  • Assembly steps of the locking structure Place the wedge key 6 on one side of the key 15 so that the wedge key 6 fits the key 15. Match the split sleeve 3 with the shaft core 4 so that the key 15 and the wedge key 6 are assembled in the keyway 14. At this time, the wedge key 6 is located between the key 15 and the keyway 14 to form a circumferential gap 12.
  • One end of the locking element 2 extends into the keyway 14 through the axial through hole and is adjustably connected to the wedge key 6. Adjust the locking element 2. Align the segmented sleeve 3;
  • Installation structure assembly steps Assemble the installation structure between the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4, so that the segmented sleeve 3 is fixed to the shaft core 4 in the radial direction, and the radial gap between the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4 is eliminated. towards the gap;
  • Expansion step Adjust the locking element 2 so that the wedge key 6 moves toward the constriction end under the drive of the locking element 2 to the expansion position, so that the wedge key 6, the segmented sleeve 3 and the shaft core 4 are closely attached to each other. Obtain the required tightening force and tighten the installation structure according to the final locking torque value;
  • Steps for installing the segmented sleeve 3 Rotate the shaft core 4 to the position to be installed of the next segmented sleeve 3, repeat the above steps until the segmented sleeve 3 covers the rolling surface of the shaft core 4 in the circumferential direction;
  • Disassembly steps dismantle the installation structure, adjust the locking element 2, and push the wedge key 6 toward the flared end to bring it into a tight state.
  • the segmented sleeve 3 becomes loose, remove the locking element 2, install a lifting ring on the segmented sleeve 3 and lift it from the shaft core 4, disassemble the segmented sleeve 3, take out the wedge key 6, and rotate the shaft Core 4 to the position to be disassembled of the next segmented sleeve 3, repeat this step until the segmented sleeve 3 that needs to be disassembled is completely disassembled.
  • the assembly and disassembly of the segmented bushing 3 on the entire shaft core 4 can be quickly completed.
  • the reducer, machine body, etc. need to be disassembled. It takes 10 to 15 days to replace major parts such as frames and bearings, while the time to replace the slitting roller surface online is 2 to 3 days, which greatly shortens the time required for maintenance, reduces the economic losses caused by factory shutdowns, and reduces the cost of large-scale The cost of using lifting equipment.
  • the locking element 2 and the wedge key 6 are threadedly connected; in the locking structure assembly step, after one end of the locking element 2 extends into the keyway 14, the limiting element 1 is assembled on the other end of the locking element 2.
  • the segmented bushing 3 in the state becomes loose.
  • the tightening and loosening of the wedge key 6 are realized through threaded connection, which is easy to operate.
  • the screw head of the installation bolt 29 in the installation structure is limited to the installation slot A16, the screw extends through the radial through hole 18 into the installation slot B17, and the fixing nut 9 in the installation structure is removed from the installation slot B17.
  • the screw rod is assembled to the mounting bolt 29.
  • the term “set “Place”, “install”, “connect” and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can It can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediary, or it can be an internal connection between two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

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Abstract

本发明公开了分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法，涉及辊轴和轴套安装固定技术领域。本发明提供的分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法，无须拆卸减速机、机架、轴承、轴承座等重大零件的情况下，可以快速完成整个轴芯上的分片轴套的装卸工作，大大缩短了维护所需时间，减少了工厂停机停产带来的经济损失；可以消除分片轴套与轴芯之间的间隙，有效避免分片轴套在设备运行的过程中相对轴芯发生松动。

Description

分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法 技术领域
本发明涉及辊轴和轴套安装固定技术领域，具体涉及分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法。
背景技术
高压辊磨机(辊压机)是在二十世纪末研制、开发的最新一代建材水泥、冶金矿山、化工等行业用粉碎加工专用设备，它能在极低能源消耗和运行成本下，实现物料成品产量的大幅度提高。
高压辊磨机(辊压机)应用越来越广泛、技术也越来越成熟。辊套是与物料直接接触的零部件，是高压辊磨机(辊压机)使用效率、成本高低的重要因素。
常规的整体辊套直接套装在轴芯上，辊套磨损到一定程度后必须整体更换。整体更换辊套时需要把上机架、进料装置、减速机、轴承座、轴承等零部件拆掉后取下旧辊套再安装新辊套，然后装上轴承、轴承座等零部件，最后安装到机架上重新连接减速机、装上进料装置恢复生产，整个过程费时费力，操作人员劳动强度高，更换效率低，辊套成本和更换成本高。
基于整体辊套存在的诸多弊端，技术人员想到采用分片轴套的结构来解决整体辊套更换安装困难这一问题，分片轴套与轴芯之间采用键与键槽配合的方式进行连接，但键与键槽之间存在间隙，分片辊在高压辊磨机(辊压机)运行的过程中会发生松动，这种松动会在分片辊与轴芯的连接处产生巨大的冲击力，造成键与键槽的损坏和分片轴套的松动，不利于分片辊轴的正常运行和轴套的使用寿命保证。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述存在的问题，本发明提供的分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法，无须拆卸减速机、机架、轴承、轴承座等重大零件的情况下，可以快速完成整个轴芯上的分片轴套的装卸工作，大大缩短了维护所需时间，减少了工厂停机停产带来的经济损失；可以消除分片轴套与轴芯之间的间隙，避免设备运行过程中分片轴套松动，导致分片轴套与轴芯之间产生较大冲击力，损坏分 片轴套与轴芯的配合部分以及安装固定零件。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
分片轴套的锁紧结构，包括设置于轴芯的键/键槽、以及设置于分片轴套的键槽/键，所述键和键槽相互匹配，所述键和键槽之间存在周向间隙，所述周向间隙处设有楔形键，所述楔形键通过锁紧元件可移动地设置于周向间隙；所述键槽的轴向端面通过轴向通孔与分片轴套/轴芯的端面连通，所述锁紧元件的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽中并与楔形键可调节连接，所述楔形键可在锁紧元件的作用下沿轴向移动。
由于采用了上述技术方案，调节锁紧元件，通过锁紧元件使楔形键沿轴向移动，可以实现对分片轴套的对正，也可以消除分片轴套与轴芯之间的周向间隙，避免在设备运作的过程中分片轴套松动，导致分片轴套与轴芯之间产生较大的冲击力，损坏分片轴套与轴芯的配合处。
进一步地，所述键与楔形键匹配的一侧为与楔形键匹配的斜面结构，所述斜面结构靠近键槽内壁的一侧为缩口端、远离键槽内壁的一侧为扩口端，所述楔形键可通过锁紧元件在扩口端和缩口端之间移动。
由于采用了上述技术方案，斜面结构易于加工；通过锁紧元件使得楔形键向缩口端或扩口端移动；楔形键向缩口端移动时的同时，沿斜面移动到达胀紧位Y，使楔形键和分片轴套以及轴芯相互紧密贴合并获得所需的胀紧力；楔形键向扩口端移动时，可以使胀紧状态的分片轴套变成松动状态，便于进行分片轴套的拆卸。
进一步地，所述键和键槽之间存在轴向间隙；所述楔形键包括工作部和调节部，所述工作部与周向间隙匹配，所述调节部设于轴向间隙并连接于工作部，所述锁紧元件与楔形键的调节部可调节连接。
由于采用了上述技术方案，结构紧凑，易于生产加工。
进一步地，所述轴向通孔远离键槽的一端设有限位槽，所述锁紧元件上设有沿径向突出的凸台，所述凸台的一侧抵接于限位槽、另一侧限制于限位元件，所述限位元件与限位槽相互配合限制锁紧元件的轴向位移；所述锁紧元件与楔形键螺纹连接。
由于采用了上述技术方案，由于限位元件与限位槽相互配合限制锁紧元件的轴向位移，安装分片轴套时，顺向转动锁紧元件，锁紧元件不移动，而楔形键则在螺纹的作用下向缩口端移动至胀紧位；需要拆卸分片轴套时，逆向旋转锁紧元件，锁紧元件的凸台抵于限位元件，在限位元件的支撑下，反向将楔形键向扩口端推出，使胀紧状 态的分片轴套变成松动状态。
进一步地，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，其中一个轴向通孔处装配有锁紧元件，另一个轴向通孔处装配有顶紧元件。
由于采用了上述技术方案，采用单边锁紧结构，装配更为便捷；顶紧元件可起对键起到轴向限位的作用。
进一步地，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，两个轴向通孔处均装配有锁紧元件，每个锁紧元件可调节连接有与其对应的楔形键，与键槽两端锁紧元件匹配的两个楔形键相对设置。
由于采用了上述技术方案，采用双边锁紧结构，使得相对的两楔形键可以对拉锁紧，结构更为稳固。
可分片装卸的辊轴，包括轴芯、若干分片轴套和固定结构，若干所述分片轴套沿周向包覆轴芯的辊压面，所述分片轴套通过固定结构与轴芯可拆卸连接，所述固定结构包括对分片轴套进行轴向周向定位的锁紧结构、以及对分片轴套进行径向定位的安装结构；所述锁紧结构包括设置于轴芯的键/键槽、以及设置于分片轴套的键槽/键，所述键和键槽相互匹配，进一步地，所述键和键槽之间存在周向间隙，所述周向间隙处设有楔形键，所述楔形键通过锁紧元件可移动地设置于周向间隙；所述键槽的轴向端面通过轴向通孔与分片轴套/轴芯的端面连通，所述锁紧元件的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽中并与楔形键可调节连接，所述楔形键可在楔形键的作用下沿轴向移动。
由于采用了上述技术方案，通过锁紧结构和安装结构相互配合，实现对分片轴套轴向、周向和径向上的定位，使分片轴套稳固地安装于轴芯。
进一步地，至少成对的所述安装结构设置于限位结构的轴向两端，所述安装结构沿径向连接轴芯和分片轴套。
由于采用了上述技术方案，提高分片轴套与轴芯连接的稳固性。
进一步地，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、安装槽B、径向通孔、T型螺栓和固定螺母，所述安装槽A设于轴芯端面，所述安装槽B设于分片轴套端面，所述径向通孔连通安装槽A和安装槽B，所述T型螺栓的螺头限制于安装槽A/安装槽B、螺杆穿过径向通孔伸入安装槽B/安装槽A，所述固定螺母设于安装槽B/安装槽A并装配于T型螺栓的螺杆。
由于采用了上述技术方案，结构简单、稳固，易于拆装。
进一步地，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、径向通孔、双头螺柱和固定装置，所述安装槽A设于分片轴套/轴芯的端面，所述径向通孔沿径向连通安装槽A和轴芯/分片轴套；所述双头螺柱的一端装配于径向通孔、另一端伸出径向通孔并限制于固定装置。
由于采用了上述技术方案，可减少开槽数量，降低制造成本。
进一步地，所述安装结构包括销轴和安装孔，所述安装孔设于分片轴套/轴芯的端部，所述安装孔沿轴向连通键与键槽的侧壁，所述销轴的轴身装配于安装孔、销头通过固定元件固定于分片轴套/轴芯。
由于采用了上述技术方案，无需开槽，进一步降低制造成本。
进一步地，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、安装槽B、楔形夹紧块和夹紧螺栓，所述安装槽A设于轴芯端面，所述安装槽B设于分片轴套端面，所述安装槽A与安装槽B的槽壁包括与楔形夹紧块匹配的斜面；所述楔形夹紧块包括与安装槽A匹配的夹紧部A、与安装槽B匹配的夹紧部B、以及连接夹紧部A与夹紧部B的连接梁，所述连接梁通过夹紧螺栓与轴芯和/或分片轴套可活动连接。
由于采用了上述技术方案，通过调节夹紧螺栓，使夹紧部A和夹紧部B沿对应的斜面移动至胀紧位，实现连接轴芯和分片轴套的同时可消除轴芯和分片轴套之间的径向间隙。
进一步地，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、安装槽B、安装槽C和工字键，所述安装槽A设于轴芯端面，所述安装槽B设于分片轴套端面，所述安装槽C连通安装槽A和安装槽B，并与安装槽A和安装槽B配合形成工字型凹槽，所述工字键与工字型凹槽匹配，所述工字键通过安装螺栓可拆卸连接于工字型凹槽。
由于采用了上述技术方案，装配过程简便，便于对分片轴套进行拆卸更换。
进一步地，还包括防锈结构，所述防锈结构包括凹槽、可挥发防锈物质的气相防锈块和密封结构，所述凹槽设于键和/或键槽上，所述气相防锈块设于凹槽内，所述密封结构可在键和键槽相互配合的情况下于轴芯和分片轴套之间形成密封，所述密封结构环绕键槽设置。
由于采用了上述技术方案，气相防锈块挥发后产生的防锈物质会附着在键与键槽的表面，可有效防止轴芯和分片轴套的装配处生锈，避免因除锈改变键和键槽的表面尺寸，影响设备精度，同时也利于对分片轴套进行拆卸和更换；密封结构、轴芯和分片轴套之间形成封闭的腔体，一方面可以阻隔外界环境的湿气，另一方面气相防锈块 产生的防锈物质会使封闭腔体内长效保持干燥和防锈的效果。
进一步地，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，其中一个轴向通孔处装配有锁紧元件，另一个轴向通孔处装配有顶紧元件。
进一步地，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，两个轴向通孔处均装配有锁紧元件，每个锁紧元件可调节连接有与其对应的楔形键，与键槽两端锁紧元件匹配的两个楔形键相对设置。
可分片装卸辊轴的装卸方法，包括如下步骤：
锁紧结构装配步骤：将楔形键放置于键一侧，使楔形键与键贴合，将分片轴套与轴芯配合，使键和楔形键装配于键槽内，此时楔形键位于键与键槽之间形成周向间隙，锁紧元件的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽中并与楔形键可调节连接，调节锁紧元件，对分片轴套进行对正；
安装结构装配步骤：在分片轴套和轴芯之间装配安装结构，使分片轴套沿径向固定于轴芯，消除分片轴套与轴芯之间的径向间隙；
胀紧步骤：调节锁紧元件，使楔形键在锁紧元件的带动下向缩口端移动到达胀紧位，使楔形键、分片轴套和轴芯相互紧密贴合并获得所需的胀紧力，按最终锁紧力矩值上紧安装结构；
分片轴套安装步骤：转动轴芯至下一分片轴套的待安装位，重复上述步骤至分片轴套沿周向包覆轴芯的辊压面；
拆卸步骤：拆除安装结构，调节锁紧元件，将楔形键向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态的分片轴套变成松动状态，拆除锁紧元件，拆卸分片轴套，取出楔形键，转动轴芯至下一分片轴套的待拆卸位，重复本步骤至拆卸完需要拆卸的分片轴套。
由于采用了上述技术方案，无须拆卸减速机、机架、轴承、轴承座等重大零件的情况下，可以快速完成整个轴芯上的分片轴套的装卸工作，大大缩短了维护所需时间，减少了工厂停机停产带来的经济损失，并且减少了大型吊装机具的使用费用。
进一步地，所述锁紧元件与楔形键之间为螺纹连接；在锁紧结构装配步骤中，锁紧元件的一端伸入键槽后，在锁紧元件的另一端装配限位元件，正向旋动锁紧元件，对分片轴套进行对正；在胀紧步骤中，正向旋动锁紧元件，至楔形键移动至达胀紧位；在拆卸步骤中，逆向旋动锁紧元件，使锁紧元件凸台的一侧抵于限位元件，在限位元件的支撑下，反向将楔形键向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态的分片轴套变成松动状态。
由于采用了上述技术方案，通过螺纹连接实现楔形键的胀紧和放松，操作简便。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明可以消除分片轴套与轴芯之间的间隙，有效避免分片轴套在设备运行的过程中相对轴芯发生松动。
2、本发明可有效防止轴芯和分片轴套的装配处生锈，避免因除锈改变键和键槽的表面尺寸，影响设备精度，同时也利于对分片轴套进行拆卸和更换。
3、本发明无需拆卸减速机、机架、轴承、轴承座等重大零件的情况下，可以快速完成整个轴芯上的分片轴套的装卸工作，大大缩短了维护所需时间，减少了工厂停机停产带来的经济损失。
4、本发明通过螺纹连接实现楔形键的胀紧和放松，操作简便。
5、本发明安装结构的装卸效率高。
附图说明
图1是本发明锁紧结构的俯视图；
图2是本发明锁紧结构的主视图；
图3是本发明双边锁紧结构的俯视图；
图4是本发明可分片装卸的辊轴的结构示意图；
图5是本发明固定结构的结构示意图；
图6是本发明T型螺栓的结构示意图；
图7是本发明双头螺柱的结构示意图；
图8是本发明销轴的结构示意图；
图9是本发明楔形夹紧块的结构示意图；
图10是本发明工字键的结构示意图。
图中标记：1-限位元件，2-锁紧元件，201-凸台，3-分片轴套，4-轴芯，5-气相防锈块，6-楔形键，601-工作部，602-调节部，7-T型螺栓，8-柔性元件，9-固定螺母，10-密封元件，11-顶紧元件，12-周向间隙，13-轴向间隙，14-键槽，15-键，16-安装槽A，17-安装槽B，18-径向通孔，19-安装槽C，20-开口销，21-双头螺柱，22-固定装置，23-销轴，24-安装孔，25-楔形夹紧块，26-夹紧螺栓，27-工字键，28-固定元件，29-安装螺栓。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作详细的说明。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
分片轴套的锁紧结构，如图1-2所示，包括设置于轴芯4的键15、以及设置于分片轴套3的键槽14，所述键15和键槽14相互匹配，所述键15和键槽14之间存在周向间隙12，所述周向间隙12处设有楔形键6，所述楔形键6通过锁紧元件2可移动地设置于周向间隙12；所述键槽14的轴向端面通过轴向通孔与分片轴套3的端面连通，所述锁紧元件2的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽14中并与楔形键6可调节连接，所述楔形键6可在锁紧元件2的作用下沿轴向移动。
具体地说，调节锁紧元件2，通过锁紧元件2使楔形键6沿轴向移动，可以实现对分片轴套3的对正，也可以消除分片轴套3与轴芯4之间的周向间隙12，避免在设备运作的过程中分片轴套3松动，导致分片轴套3与轴芯4之间产生较大的冲击力，损坏分片轴套3与轴芯4的配合处。
优选地，所述键15上开设有凹槽，所述凹槽内设有可挥发防锈物质的气相防锈块5，所述气相防锈块5为现有技术，其具体成分在此不再赘述，气相防锈块5挥发后产生的防锈物质会附着在锁紧结构的表面，可有效防止锁紧结构生锈，避免因除锈改变锁紧结构的表面尺寸，影响设备精度。
所述键15与楔形键6匹配的一侧为与楔形键6匹配的斜面结构，所述斜面结构靠近键槽14内壁的一侧为缩口端、远离键槽14内壁的一侧为扩口端，所述楔形键6可通过锁紧元件2在扩口端和缩口端之间移动。
具体地说，斜面结构易于加工；通过锁紧元件2使得楔形键6向缩口端或扩口端移动；楔形键6向缩口端移动时的同时，沿斜面移动到达胀紧位Y，使楔形键6和分片轴套3以及轴芯4相互紧密贴合并获得所需的胀紧力；楔形键6向扩口端移动时，可以使胀紧状态的分片轴套3变成松动状态，便于进行分片轴套3的拆卸。
所述键15和键槽14之间存在轴向间隙13；所述楔形键6包括工作部601和调节部602，所述工作部601与周向间隙12匹配，所述调节部602设于轴向间隙13并连接于工作部601，所述锁紧元件2与楔形键6的调节部602可调节连接。优选地， 所述楔形键6为L字形结构，所述工作部601为L字形结构的长边，所述调节部602为L字形结构的短边，所述锁紧元件2作用于调节部602，带动楔形键6位移，整体的装配结构紧凑，易于生产加工。
所述轴向通孔远离键槽14的一端设有限位槽，所述锁紧元件2上设有沿径向突出的凸台201，所述凸台201的一侧抵接于限位槽、另一侧限制于限位元件1，所述限位元件1与限位槽相互配合限制锁紧元件2的轴向位移；所述锁紧元件2与楔形键6螺纹连接。优选地，所述限位元件1为锁紧螺母，所述锁紧元件2为锁紧螺杆，所述锁紧螺母与锁紧螺杆的旋向相反。
具体地说，由于限位元件1与限位槽相互配合限制锁紧元件2的轴向位移，安装分片轴套3时，顺向转动锁紧元件2，锁紧元件2不移动，而楔形键6则在螺纹的作用下向缩口端移动至胀紧位；需要拆卸分片轴套3时，逆向旋转锁紧元件2，锁紧元件2的凸台201抵于限位元件1，在限位元件1的支撑下，反向将楔形键6向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态的分片轴套3变成松动状态。
所述键槽14的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，其中一个轴向通孔处装配有锁紧元件2，另一个轴向通孔处装配有顶紧元件11。
具体地说，采用单边锁紧结构，装配更为便捷；顶紧元件11可起对键15起到轴向限位的作用。
实施例2
实施例2替换了实施例1中的锁紧元件2的布置方式，是实施例1的替换方案；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图3所示，所述键槽14的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，两个轴向通孔处均装配有锁紧元件2，每个锁紧元件2可调节连接有与其对应的楔形键6，与键槽14两端锁紧元件2匹配的两个楔形键6相对设置。
具体地说，采用双边锁紧结构，使得相对的两楔形键6可以对拉锁紧，结构更为稳固。楔形键6在胀紧前位于初始位置X，胀紧后位于位置Y。
实施例3
可分片装卸的辊轴，如图1、2、4、5所示，包括轴芯4、若干分片轴套3和固定结构，若干所述分片轴套3沿周向包覆轴芯4的辊压面，所述分片轴套3通过固定结构与轴芯4可拆卸连接，所述固定结构包括对分片轴套3进行轴向周向定位的锁紧结构、以及对分片轴套3进行径向定位的安装结构；所述锁紧结构包括设置于轴芯4 的键15、以及设置于分片轴套3的键槽14，所述键15和键槽14相互匹配，所述键15和键槽14之间存在周向间隙12，所述周向间隙12处设有楔形键6，所述楔形键6通过锁紧元件2可移动地设置于周向间隙12；所述键槽14的轴向端面通过轴向通孔与分片轴套3的端面连通，所述锁紧元件2的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽14中并与楔形键6可调节连接，所述楔形键6可在楔形键6的作用下沿轴向移动。
具体地说，通过锁紧结构和安装结构相互配合，实现对分片轴套3轴向、周向和径向上的定位，使分片轴套3稳固地安装于轴芯4。
至少成对的所述安装结构设置于限位结构的轴向两端，所述安装结构沿径向连接轴芯4和分片轴套3。
具体地说，提高分片轴套3与轴芯4连接的稳固性。
还包括防锈结构，所述防锈结构包括凹槽、可挥发防锈物质的气相防锈块5和密封结构，所述凹槽设于键15和/或键槽14上，所述气相防锈块5设于凹槽内，所述密封结构可在键15和键槽14相互配合的情况下于轴芯4和分片轴套3之间形成密封，所述密封结构环绕键槽14设置。
具体地说，气相防锈块5挥发后产生的防锈物质会附着在键15与键槽14的表面，可有效防止轴芯4和分片轴套3的装配处生锈，避免因除锈改变键15和键槽14的表面尺寸，影响设备精度，同时也利于对分片轴套3进行拆卸和更换；密封结构、轴芯4和分片轴套3之间形成封闭的腔体，一方面可以阻隔外界环境的湿气，另一方面气相防锈块5产生的防锈物质会使封闭腔体内长效保持干燥和防锈的效果。
所述键槽14的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，其中一个轴向通孔处装配有锁紧元件2，另一个轴向通孔处装配有顶紧元件11。
实施例4
实施例4替换了实施例3中的锁紧元件2布置方式，是实施例3的替换方案；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图3所示，所述键槽14的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，两个轴向通孔处均装配有锁紧元件2，每个锁紧元件2可调节连接有与其对应的楔形键6，与键槽14两端锁紧元件2匹配的两个楔形键6相对设置。
具体地说，采用双边锁紧结构，使得相对的两楔形键6可以对拉锁紧，结构更为稳固。楔形键6在胀紧前位于初始位置X，胀紧后位于位置Y。
实施例5
实施例5是对实施例3或4的进一步改进；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图6所示，所述安装结构包括安装槽A16、安装槽B17、径向通孔18、T型螺栓7和固定螺母9，所述安装槽A16设于轴芯4端面，所述安装槽B17设于分片轴套3端面，所述径向通孔18连通安装槽A16和安装槽B17，所述T型螺栓7的螺头限制于安装槽A16、螺杆穿过径向通孔18伸入安装槽B17，所述固定螺母9设于安装槽B17并装配于T型螺栓7的螺杆。本实施例中安装结构的结构简单、稳固，易于拆装。优选地，所述T型螺栓7与固定螺母9匹配的一端可设有限制固定螺母9的开口销20，防止固定螺母9松动失效。所述T型螺栓7上还套有柔性元件8，所述固定螺母9与T型螺栓7配合，将柔性元件8抵于安装槽B17，所述柔性元件8可选用蝶簧组，通过设置柔性元件8，既可以提高安装结构的稳定性，又可以保护固定螺母9。
实施例6
实施例6是对实施例3或4的进一步改进；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图7所示，所述安装结构包括安装槽A16、径向通孔18、双头螺柱21和固定装置22，所述安装槽A16设于分片轴套3的端面，所述径向通孔18沿径向连通安装槽A16和轴芯4；所述双头螺柱21的一端装配于径向通孔18、另一端伸出径向通孔18并限制于固定装置22。具体地说，相比实施例5，实施例6可减少开槽数量，降低制造成本。可选地，所述双头螺柱21与双螺母锁紧机构匹配的一端可设有限制双螺母锁紧机构的开口销20，防止双螺母锁紧机构松动失效。
实施例7
实施例7是对实施例3或4的进一步改进；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图8所示，所述安装结构包括销轴23和安装孔24，所述安装孔24设于分片轴套3的端部，所述安装孔24沿轴向连通键15与键槽14的侧壁，所述销轴23的轴身装配于安装孔24、销头通过固定元件28固定于分片轴套3。
相比实施例6，实施例7无需开槽，进一步降低制造成本。
实施例8
实施例8是对实施例3或4的进一步改进；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图9所示，所述安装结构包括安装槽A16、安装槽B17、楔形夹紧块25和夹紧螺栓26，所述安装槽A16设于轴芯4端面，所述安装槽B17设于分片轴套3端面，所述安装槽A16与安装槽B17的槽壁包括与楔形夹紧块25匹配的斜面；所述楔形夹 紧块25包括与安装槽A16匹配的夹紧部A、与安装槽B17匹配的夹紧部B、以及连接夹紧部A与夹紧部B的连接梁，所述连接梁通过夹紧螺栓26与轴芯4可活动连接。所述夹紧部A、夹紧部B和连接梁相互配合呈U字型或类U字型结构。可选地，可设置连通安装槽A16和安装槽B17的安装槽C19，所述安装槽C19可与连接梁匹配；所述连接梁通过夹紧螺栓26与轴芯4可活动连接。
具体地说，通过调节夹紧螺栓26，使夹紧部A和夹紧部B沿对应的斜面移动至胀紧位，实现连接轴芯4和分片轴套3的同时可消除轴芯4和分片轴套3之间的径向间隙。
实施例9
实施例9是对实施例3或4的进一步改进；进一步说明，相同的部件这里不再赘述，如图10所示，所述安装结构包括安装槽A16、安装槽B17、安装槽C19和工字键27，所述安装槽A16设于轴芯4端面，所述安装槽B17设于分片轴套3端面，所述安装槽C19连通安装槽A16和安装槽B17，并与安装槽A16和安装槽B17配合形成工字型凹槽，所述工字键27与工字型凹槽匹配，所述工字键27通过安装螺栓29可拆卸连接于工字型凹槽。具体地说，装配过程简便，便于对分片轴套3进行拆卸更换。
实施例10
可分片装卸辊轴的装卸方法，如图1-6所示，包括如下步骤：
锁紧结构装配步骤：将楔形键6放置于键15一侧，使楔形键6与键15贴合，将分片轴套3与轴芯4配合，使键15和楔形键6装配于键槽14内，此时楔形键6位于键15与键槽14之间形成周向间隙12，锁紧元件2的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽14中并与楔形键6可调节连接，调节锁紧元件2，对分片轴套3进行对正；
安装结构装配步骤：在分片轴套3和轴芯4之间装配安装结构，使分片轴套3沿径向固定于轴芯4，消除分片轴套3与轴芯4之间的径向间隙；
胀紧步骤：调节锁紧元件2，使楔形键6在锁紧元件2的带动下向缩口端移动到达胀紧位，使楔形键6、分片轴套3和轴芯4相互紧密贴合并获得所需的胀紧力，按最终锁紧力矩值上紧安装结构；
分片轴套3安装步骤：转动轴芯4至下一分片轴套3的待安装位，重复上述步骤至分片轴套3沿周向包覆轴芯4的辊压面；
拆卸步骤：拆除安装结构，调节锁紧元件2，将楔形键6向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态 的分片轴套3变成松动状态，拆除锁紧元件2，在分片轴套3上安装吊环将其从轴芯4处吊起，拆卸分片轴套3，取出楔形键6，转动轴芯4至下一分片轴套3的待拆卸位，重复本步骤至拆卸完需要拆卸的分片轴套3。
具体地说，无须拆卸减速机、机架、轴承、轴承座等重大零件的情况下，可以快速完成整个轴芯4上的分片轴套3的装卸工作，通常情况下，拆卸减速机、机架、轴承等重大零件需要10～15天，而在线更换分片辊面的时间为2～3天，大大缩短了维护所需时间，减少了工厂停机停产带来的经济损失，并且减少了大型吊装机具的使用费用。
所述锁紧元件2与楔形键6之间为螺纹连接；在锁紧结构装配步骤中，锁紧元件2的一端伸入键槽14后，在锁紧元件2的另一端装配限位元件1，正向旋动锁紧元件2，对分片轴套3进行对正；在胀紧步骤中，正向旋动锁紧元件2，至楔形键6移动至达胀紧位；在拆卸步骤中，逆向旋动锁紧元件2，使锁紧元件2凸台201的一侧抵于限位元件1，在限位元件1的支撑下，反向将楔形键6向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态的分片轴套3变成松动状态。
具体地说，通过螺纹连接实现楔形键6的胀紧和放松，操作简便。
在安装结构装配步骤中，将安装结构中的安装螺栓29的螺头限制于安装槽A16、螺杆穿过径向通孔18伸入安装槽B17，将安装结构中的固定螺母9自安装槽B17处装配于安装螺栓29的螺杆。
本文中应用了具体的实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设 置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。

Claims (18)

  1. 分片轴套的锁紧结构，包括设置于轴芯的键/键槽、以及设置于分片轴套的键槽/键，所述键和键槽相互匹配，其特征在于，所述键和键槽之间存在周向间隙，所述周向间隙处设有楔形键，所述楔形键通过锁紧元件可移动地设置于周向间隙；所述键槽的轴向端面通过轴向通孔与分片轴套/轴芯的端面连通，所述锁紧元件的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽中并与楔形键可调节连接，所述楔形键可在锁紧元件的作用下沿轴向移动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的分片轴套的锁紧结构，其特征在于，所述键与楔形键匹配的一侧为与楔形键匹配的斜面结构，所述斜面结构靠近键槽内壁的一侧为缩口端、远离键槽内壁的一侧为扩口端，所述楔形键可通过锁紧元件在扩口端和缩口端之间移动。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的分片轴套的锁紧结构，其特征在于，所述键和键槽之间存在轴向间隙；所述楔形键包括工作部和调节部，所述工作部与周向间隙匹配，所述调节部设于轴向间隙并连接于工作部，所述锁紧元件与楔形键的调节部可调节连接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的分片轴套的锁紧结构，其特征在于，所述轴向通孔远离键槽的一端设有限位槽，所述锁紧元件上设有沿径向突出的凸台，所述凸台的一侧抵接于限位槽、另一侧限制于限位元件，所述限位元件与限位槽相互配合限制锁紧元件的轴向位移；所述锁紧元件与楔形键螺纹连接。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一权利要求所述的分片轴套的锁紧结构，其特征在于，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，其中一个轴向通孔处装配有锁紧元件，另一个轴向通孔处装配有顶紧元件。
  6. 如权利要求1-4任一权利要求所述的分片轴套的锁紧结构，其特征在于，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，两个轴向通孔处均装配有锁紧元件，每个锁紧元件可调节连接有与其对应的楔形键，与键槽两端锁紧元件匹配的两个楔形键相对设置。
  7. 可分片装卸的辊轴，包括轴芯、若干分片轴套和固定结构，若干所述分片轴 套沿周向包覆轴芯的辊压面，所述分片轴套通过固定结构与轴芯可拆卸连接，其特征在于，所述固定结构包括对分片轴套进行轴向周向定位的锁紧结构、以及对分片轴套进行径向定位的安装结构；所述锁紧结构包括设置于轴芯的键/键槽、以及设置于分片轴套的键槽/键，所述键和键槽相互匹配，其特征在于，所述键和键槽之间存在周向间隙，所述周向间隙处设有楔形键，所述楔形键通过锁紧元件可移动地设置于周向间隙；所述键槽的轴向端面通过轴向通孔与分片轴套/轴芯的端面连通，所述锁紧元件的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽中并与楔形键可调节连接，所述楔形键可在楔形键的作用下沿轴向移动。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，至少成对的所述安装结构设置于限位结构的轴向两端，所述安装结构沿径向连接轴芯和分片轴套。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、安装槽B、径向通孔、T型螺栓和固定螺母，所述安装槽A设于轴芯端面，所述安装槽B设于分片轴套端面，所述径向通孔连通安装槽A和安装槽B，所述T型螺栓的螺头限制于安装槽A/安装槽B、螺杆穿过径向通孔伸入安装槽B/安装槽A，所述固定螺母设于安装槽B/安装槽A并装配于T型螺栓的螺杆。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、径向通孔、双头螺柱和固定装置，所述安装槽A设于分片轴套/轴芯的端面，所述径向通孔沿径向连通安装槽A和轴芯/分片轴套；所述双头螺柱的一端装配于径向通孔、另一端伸出径向通孔并限制于固定装置。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述安装结构包括销轴和安装孔，所述安装孔设于分片轴套/轴芯的端部，所述安装孔沿轴向连通键与键槽的侧壁，所述销轴的轴身装配于安装孔、销头通过固定元件固定于分片轴套/轴芯。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、安装槽B、楔形夹紧块和夹紧螺栓，所述安装槽A设于轴芯端面，所述安装槽B设于分片轴套端面，所述安装槽A与安装槽B的槽壁包括与楔形夹紧块匹配的斜 面；所述楔形夹紧块包括与安装槽A匹配的夹紧部A、与安装槽B匹配的夹紧部B、以及连接夹紧部A与夹紧部B的连接梁，所述连接梁通过夹紧螺栓与轴芯和/或分片轴套可活动连接。
  13. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述安装结构包括安装槽A、安装槽B、安装槽C和工字键，所述安装槽A设于轴芯端面，所述安装槽B设于分片轴套端面，所述安装槽C连通安装槽A和安装槽B，并与安装槽A和安装槽B配合形成工字型凹槽，所述工字键与工字型凹槽匹配，所述工字键通过安装螺栓可拆卸连接于工字型凹槽。
  14. 如权利要求7所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，还包括防锈结构，所述防锈结构包括凹槽、可挥发防锈物质的气相防锈块和密封结构，所述凹槽设于键和/或键槽上，所述气相防锈块设于凹槽内，所述密封结构可在键和键槽相互配合的情况下于轴芯和分片轴套之间形成密封，所述密封结构环绕键槽设置。
  15. 如权利要求7-14任一权利要求所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，其中一个轴向通孔处装配有锁紧元件，另一个轴向通孔处装配有顶紧元件。
  16. 如权利要求7-14任一权利要求所述的可分片装卸的辊轴，其特征在于，所述键槽的轴向两端均设有轴向通孔，两个轴向通孔处均装配有锁紧元件，每个锁紧元件可调节连接有与其对应的楔形键，与键槽两端锁紧元件匹配的两个楔形键相对设置。
  17. 可分片装卸的辊轴的装卸方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    锁紧结构装配步骤：将楔形键放置于键一侧，使楔形键与键贴合，将分片轴套与轴芯配合，使键和楔形键装配于键槽内，此时楔形键位于键与键槽之间形成周向间隙，锁紧元件的一端通过轴向通孔伸入键槽中并与楔形键可调节连接，调节锁紧元件，对分片轴套进行对正；
    安装结构装配步骤：在分片轴套和轴芯之间装配安装结构，使分片轴套沿径向固定于轴芯，消除分片轴套与轴芯之间的径向间隙；
    胀紧步骤：调节锁紧元件，使楔形键在锁紧元件的带动下向缩口端移动到达胀紧位，使楔形键、分片轴套和轴芯相互紧密贴合并获得所需的胀紧力，按最终锁紧力矩值上紧安装结构；
    分片轴套安装步骤：转动轴芯至下一分片轴套的待安装位，重复上述步骤至分片轴套沿周向包覆轴芯的辊压面；
    拆卸步骤：拆除安装结构，调节锁紧元件，将楔形键向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态的分片轴套变成松动状态，拆除锁紧元件，拆卸分片轴套，取出楔形键，转动轴芯至下一分片轴套的待拆卸位，重复本步骤至拆卸完需要拆卸的分片轴套。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的可分片装卸的辊轴的装卸方法，其特征在于，所述锁紧元件与楔形键之间为螺纹连接；在锁紧结构装配步骤中，锁紧元件的一端伸入键槽后，在锁紧元件的另一端装配限位元件，正向旋动锁紧元件，对分片轴套进行对正；在胀紧步骤中，正向旋动锁紧元件，至楔形键移动至达胀紧位；在拆卸步骤中，逆向旋动锁紧元件，使锁紧元件凸台的一侧抵于限位元件，在限位元件的支撑下，反向将楔形键向扩口端推出，使胀紧状态的分片轴套变成松动状态。
PCT/CN2023/088926 2022-04-22 2023-04-18 分片轴套的锁紧结构、可分片装卸的辊轴及其装卸方法 WO2023202564A1 (zh)

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