WO2023202260A1 - 一种物料分选系统及分选方法 - Google Patents

一种物料分选系统及分选方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202260A1
WO2023202260A1 PCT/CN2023/080758 CN2023080758W WO2023202260A1 WO 2023202260 A1 WO2023202260 A1 WO 2023202260A1 CN 2023080758 W CN2023080758 W CN 2023080758W WO 2023202260 A1 WO2023202260 A1 WO 2023202260A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sorting
spray valve
materials
valve
chute
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/080758
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李元景
孙尚民
刘磊
宗春光
刘必成
喻卫丰
张俊斌
Original Assignee
同方威视技术股份有限公司
同方威视科技江苏有限公司
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Publication of WO2023202260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202260A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
    • B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/38—Collecting or arranging articles in groups
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

Definitions

  • This application generally relates to the technical field of material sorting, and specifically relates to a material sorting system and a sorting method.
  • Intelligent dry separation technology As dry coal separation receives more and more attention, intelligent dry separation technology has emerged. It is an intelligent automatic separation technology based on rays, spectral analysis or image recognition of coal gangue. Intelligent dry selection technology has the advantages of no water use, simple process, low investment and low production cost.
  • Chinese patent application 201710082748.4 discloses a three-product intelligent dry sorting machine.
  • different injection energies to inject materials
  • different types of materials enter different chutes to achieve three-product sorting.
  • the difference in injection energy is caused by selecting large-sized high-frequency solenoid valves and air nozzles, increasing or decreasing the number of high-frequency solenoid valves and air nozzles, increasing or decreasing the time for opening high-frequency solenoid valves and air nozzles, This can be achieved by increasing or decreasing the injection pressure in one or more ways.
  • this application provides a material sorting system, including:
  • Distribution device used to transport materials
  • An identification device used to identify the material information of the material on the distribution device
  • a sorting device is used to sort materials according to the material information, and at least includes a first spray valve and a second spray valve located on the lower side of the material movement trajectory.
  • the elevation angle of the first spray valve is greater than that of the second spray valve.
  • the elevation angle of the valve, the first spray valve and the second spray valve are used to sort the material into at least three categories;
  • the material receiving device is used to accommodate at least three categories of materials after sorting.
  • the first injection valve corresponding to the first injection position on the movement trajectory of the mineral overlaps with the second injection valve corresponding to the second injection position on the movement trajectory of the mineral.
  • the difference between the elevation angle of the first injection valve and the elevation angle of the second injection valve ranges from 5° to 30°.
  • the elevation angle of the first injection valve is 40°-60°; the elevation angle of the second injection valve is 20°-40°.
  • the first spray valve includes a plurality of first nozzles arranged in an array along the width direction of the distribution device
  • the second spray valve includes a plurality of second nozzles arranged in an array along the width direction of the distribution device. nozzle.
  • the injection pressure of the first nozzle is 0.5MPa ⁇ 0.75MPa; the injection pressure of the second nozzle is 0.5MPa ⁇ 0.75MPa.
  • the material receiving device includes a plurality of chutes, and one of the chutes is used to accommodate one type of material after sorting.
  • the material receiving device includes a first partition used to form the No. 1 chute and the No. 2 chute at intervals, a second partition used to form the No. 2 chute and the No. 3 chute at intervals, and a second partition located on the third chute.
  • the distribution device is a horizontally arranged conveyor belt, and the speed of the conveyor belt is 2m/s ⁇ 5m/s; the length of the No. 1 chute is 1.2m ⁇ 2m, and the width is 0.8m ⁇ 1.5m. ; The length of the No. 2 chute is 1.2m ⁇ 2m, and the width is 0.8m ⁇ 1.5m; the length of the No. 3 chute is 1.2m ⁇ 2m, and the width is 0.8m ⁇ 1.5m.
  • this application provides a material sorting method, using any of the systems described above, and the method includes:
  • the material information of the material on the distribution device is identified through the identification device;
  • the sorting device controls at least the first spray valve and the second spray valve according to the material category corresponding to the material information. Blow is carried out to separate the materials into at least three categories.
  • the material sorting system provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to sort materials into at least three categories. Material sorting is carried out by controlling the elevation angle of at least the first spray valve and the second spray valve to perform the material sorting, so that the materials in each chute are The occupied area is rationalized, the structure of the sorting chamber is reasonable, the injection accuracy is high, the sorting accuracy is improved, the injection pressure is rationalized, and the impact force between the material and the chute is avoided to avoid losses.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a material sorting system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a material sorting system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the force exerted on the material when it is sprayed by the first spray valve and the second spray valve in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another material sorting system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a blowing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another material sorting system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart of a material sorting method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a material sorting system including:
  • Distribution device 100 is used to transport materials
  • the identification device 200 is used to identify the material information of the material on the distribution device;
  • the sorting device 300 is used to sort materials according to the material information, and includes at least a first spray valve 10 and a second spray valve 20 located on the lower side of the material movement trajectory.
  • the elevation angle of the first spray valve 10 is greater than the The elevation angle of the second spray valve 20, the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20 are used to sort the material into at least three categories;
  • the material receiving device 400 is used to accommodate at least three categories of materials after sorting.
  • the material sorting system can be used for mineral sorting, food sorting, garbage sorting, etc., and the material information of the materials to be sorted is identified through the identification device, and the materials are divided into multiple categories based on the material information. Different categories of materials are sorted through a sorting device; the sorting device in this application includes at least two spray valves with different elevation angles, and at least three categories of materials can be sorted through the at least two spray valves.
  • the elevation angle of the nozzle valve refers to the angle between the injection angle of the nozzle valve and the horizontal direction.
  • materials can be divided into multiple categories based on material information. During specific classification, different categories may be divided according to different sorting requirements. Material categories can be classified according to shape and size, density, substance content, etc. This application is not limited to this.
  • minerals can be divided into metallic minerals and non-metal minerals.
  • Metal minerals include ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals; such as iron, manganese, chromium, etc.; non-ferrous metal ores such as copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, tin, molybdenum, and nickel. , antimony, tungsten, etc.
  • Non-metallic minerals include most oxygen-containing salt minerals and some oxide and halide minerals, such as diamond, crystal, iceberg, boron, tourmaline, mica, topaz, corundum, graphite, gypsum, asbestos and fuel minerals, etc. .
  • material categories include classification based on the type of metal contained, grade, chemical composition, etc.
  • the material sorting system includes two spray valves (the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20), and the mineral products are divided into three categories (such as high-grade minerals, medium-grade minerals). and low-grade minerals) as an example to illustrate.
  • the identification devices used may also be different.
  • different identification devices can also be used in combination.
  • an image recognition system can be used to classify material categories by identifying the shape information of the materials; for example, based on different types of metals, an X-ray system can be used to identify the metal components in the materials. Divide material categories; of course, you can also use X-ray systems to identify the shape of materials, etc.
  • identification method of material information various known methods can be used, which will not be described in detail in this application.
  • the distribution device 100 may be one or a combination of a horizontally arranged conveyor belt, an inclined conveyor belt, an angled inclined sliding plate. Materials of different types and sizes are distributed along the length and width directions on the distribution device 100. Since the conveyor belt has a certain running speed, different materials are scattered on the conveyor belt and are transported to the end position through the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt is thrown out for a flat throwing motion.
  • the identification device 200 may include: an image identification system and/or an X-ray system.
  • the X-ray system may consist of an X-ray source and an X-ray detector.
  • the image recognition system can consist of a camera and a light source.
  • the X-ray system can be used to obtain the type of material, and the image recognition system can be used to obtain Get the size and shape of the material.
  • an X-ray system can also be used to obtain the particle size of the material, or other identification devices 200 can be used to obtain the shape characteristics of the material, and this application is not limited thereto.
  • the identification device 200 uses an X-ray system as an example for explanation.
  • the X-ray system is used to identify the metal components in minerals and classify minerals into high-grade minerals, medium-grade minerals and low-grade minerals based on the different contents of metal components.
  • the shape of the mineral can also be identified through the X-ray system, so that the sorting device 300 can control the opening number of the nozzles on the spray valve according to the shape, projected area, etc. of the mineral. Materials of the same category with different shapes or areas can also be better sorted to improve sorting accuracy.
  • the sorting device 300 at least includes a first spray valve 10 and a second spray valve 20, which are used to sort at least three products. For example, five spray valves can be used to sort six categories of materials. When sorting, the injection pressure received by the material during sorting is different depending on the shape of the material.
  • the sorting device 300 includes the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20 for sorting three types of materials as an example for illustrative description.
  • the sorting device in the embodiment of the present application is located on the lower side of the material movement trajectory.
  • the material movement trajectory in this application refers to the movement trajectory of the material after it is thrown from the distribution device.
  • the movement trajectory is roughly in the shape of a flat throw line. .
  • a blowing force can be applied to the material in the direction of movement, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving the impact of different elevation angles on the sorting accuracy, thus improving the sorting accuracy. Accuracy.
  • three categories of materials can be sorted through the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20.
  • the three categories of materials can be accommodated through the three chutes of the material receiving device 400.
  • iron ore includes siderite, hematite and magnetite.
  • the density of siderite is 3.8 ⁇ 3.9g/cm3, and the density of hematite is 3.4 ⁇ 4.4g. /cm3, magnetic
  • the density of iron ore is 4.9-5.2g/cm3, and one or both of the three can be identified according to the identification device 200 (for example, the gray value of the X-ray image).
  • the chute When used, the chute includes chute 1 close to the distribution device 100, chute 2 in the middle, and chute 3 away from the distribution device 100.
  • the first spray valve 10 is used to spray the material. The material enters the No. 2 chute 2; the second spray valve 20 is used to blow the material so that the material enters the No. 3 chute 3; the uninjected material enters the No. 1 chute 1.
  • the first spray valve 10 is controlled by the sorting device 300 to blow the siderite so that the siderite enters the No. 2 chute 2 ;
  • the second spray valve 10 is controlled by the sorting device 300 to blow the hematite so that the hematite enters the No. 3 chute 3;
  • the magnetite is not sprayed and enters the No. 1 chute 1 through a flat throwing motion.
  • the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20 are arranged on the lower side of the material movement trajectory to realize bottom-up blowing of the materials.
  • the second category of materials is affected by the first spray valve. 10, after being thrown up from bottom to top, it continues to rise from the injection point to the highest point and then falls; the third category of materials is sprayed by the second spray valve 20, and continues to rise from the injection point to the highest point. whereabouts. It is understandable that after the second and third categories of materials are sprayed, their respective horizontal throwing motion trajectories change.
  • the materials of the second category and the third category have the same performance characteristics except the type, for example, the same weight and the same volume.
  • the first injection pressure F1 and the second injection pressure F2 are the same, the second type of material receives an upward component force F1sin ⁇ 1, and the third type of material receives an upward component force F2sin ⁇ 2.
  • ⁇ 1 is the elevation angle of the first injection valve 10
  • ⁇ 2 is the elevation angle of the second injection valve 20 .
  • the upward component of the second category of materials is greater than the upward component of the third category of materials, and the upward movement height of the second category of materials is greater than the upward movement of the third category of materials;
  • the component force of the lateral movement of the second category material is F1cos ⁇ 1
  • the component force of the lateral movement of the third category material is F2cos ⁇ 2
  • the forward component force of the third category material is greater than the forward component force of the second category material. Due to the component of motion, the third category of materials is thrown farther.
  • the elevation angle of the first injection valve 10 by setting the elevation angle of the first injection valve 10 to be larger than that of the second injection valve 20
  • the elevation angle of the second nozzle valve 20 can, on the one hand, make the elevation angle of the second nozzle valve 20 smaller, so that the horizontal movement distance of the third category of materials is farther; on the other hand, by increasing the elevation angle of the first nozzle valve 10, the first category of materials can The vertical height of the materials is higher, so that the wall angle between the second category of materials and the No. 2 chute 2 is reduced, and the opening of the No. 2 chute 2 is basically vertically incident, which can effectively reduce the distance between the No. 2 chute 2 , at the same time, the sorting accuracy of the second category increases.
  • the difference between the elevation angle of the first injection valve 10 and the elevation angle of the second injection valve 20 ranges from 5° to 30°.
  • the elevation angle of the first injection valve 10 is 40°-60°; the elevation angle of the second injection valve 20 is 20°-40°. More preferably, the elevation angle of the first injection valve 10 is 45°, and the elevation angle of the second injection valve 20 is 37°.
  • the separation of the second category and the third category of materials is achieved by making the elevation angles of the first nozzle valve 10 and the second nozzle valve 20 different. Therefore, the first nozzle valve 10 and the second nozzle valve 20 are separated.
  • the second spray valve 20 can use an air nozzle of the same specifications and model and be matched with a high-frequency solenoid valve of the same specifications and models. It is also not necessary to control the blowing intensity of the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20, thus significantly reducing the installation cost. costs and control costs.
  • ores are subject to very different resistances due to different shapes, areas or weights.
  • the resistance is usually ignored, or the resistance is assumed to be a constant value.
  • the method of calculating resistance is used, there are many factors that affect the resistance, which will also lead to a large difference in the calculated value of the final resistance. In this case, a motion trajectory deviation will occur, and as time goes by, the deviation will become more obvious, resulting in a reduction in the accuracy of the injection position when receiving subsequent injections. Therefore, the blowing intensity needs to be controlled accurately.
  • the performance of the blowing mechanism decreases or the air supply pressure fluctuates, it is easy for the blown materials to enter other sorting areas, causing incorrect sorting of materials and reducing the efficiency of material sorting. Accuracy.
  • the injection positions of the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20 are set at the front end of the horizontal throwing motion trajectory of the material after it is thrown from the distribution device 100 position, the injection positions of the two spray valves for the material overlap or are close to overlap.
  • the sorting device 300 is located below the discharge end of the distribution device 100 , and the blowing positions of the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20 correspond to the position when the material is just thrown from the distribution device 100 .
  • the first blowing position of the first nozzle valve 10 corresponding to the material movement track overlaps with the second blowing position of the second nozzle valve 20 corresponding to the material movement track.
  • the elevation angle of the first spray valve 10 is greater than the elevation angle of the second spray valve 20 . Therefore, the position of the first spray valve 10 is set on the side of the second spray valve 20 away from the distribution device 100 .
  • the blowing position of the first spray valve 10 and the blowing position of the second spray valve 20 may be set at close locations.
  • the blowing position of the first spray valve 10 and the blowing position of the second spray valve 20 may be set at close locations.
  • the first spray valve 10 can be located at the side of the second spray valve 20 close to the distribution device 100 , that is, the first spray valve 10
  • the installation height is greater than the installation height of the second injection valve 20, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the first spray valve 10 includes a plurality of first nozzles arranged in an array along the width direction of the distribution device 100
  • the second spray valve 20 includes a plurality of second nozzles arranged in an array along the width direction of the distribution device 100 .
  • the injection position of the first injection valve 10 and the injection position of the second injection valve 20 are close. Therefore, when setting, the first injection valve 10 and the second injection valve 20 can adopt the same injection method.
  • the air supply equipment is installed on the same blowing device.
  • the blowing device When set up, as shown in Figure 5, the blowing device includes two rows of nozzles arranged side by side. The direction of the array of nozzles is along the width direction of the distribution device 100.
  • the upper nozzle is the first nozzle 11, and the nozzle located above is the first nozzle 11.
  • the lower nozzle is the second nozzle 21.
  • the elevation angle of the first nozzle 11 is 45°; the elevation angle of the second nozzle 21 is 37°.
  • the arrangement of the first nozzle 11 and the second nozzle 21 refers to the description of the first injection valve 10 and the second injection valve 20, and will not be described in detail here.
  • a solenoid valve connected to the air supply equipment may be provided, and the type of the solenoid valve may be a high-frequency solenoid valve.
  • Each nozzle is connected to the air supply equipment through a solenoid valve.
  • the air supply equipment is equipped with compressed gas to provide a gas source for the nozzle to blow different types of materials.
  • the first nozzles 11 and the second nozzles can also be adjusted.
  • the number of 21 enables control of the injection pressure. For example, when the area of the material is large, a larger number of nozzles can be used to blow the surface of the material. When the machine is small, a smaller number of nozzles can be used to blow the material surface, and the blowing distance (horizontal movement distance) of materials of different volumes and weights can be maintained within a certain range.
  • each nozzle is independent of each other, and the directions of the gases from the nozzles do not interfere with each other, so that different materials can receive the blowing of the corresponding nozzles and will not be blown by other nozzles. , which affects its movement trajectory and thus affects the final sorting result.
  • the number of nozzles used for blowing each material may also be different depending on the shape of each material.
  • the injection pressure of the first nozzle 11 is 0.5MPa ⁇ 0.75MPa; the injection pressure of the second nozzle 21 is 0.5MPa ⁇ 0.75MPa.
  • the blowing pressure of the first nozzle 11 is the same as the blowing pressure of the second nozzle 21 .
  • the length of the No. 1 chute 1 is 1.2m ⁇ 2m and the width is 0.8m ⁇ 1.5m; the length of the No. 2 chute 2 is 1.2m ⁇ 2m and the width is 0.8m ⁇ 1.5m; the length of the No. 3 chute 3 is 1.2m ⁇ 2m, width is 0.8m ⁇ 1.5m.
  • the distribution device 100 is a horizontally arranged conveyor belt, and the speed of the conveyor belt is 2m/s ⁇ 5m/s. It should be noted that the injection pressure, chute size, conveyor belt speed, etc. here are all optimized parameters of the sorting system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the uninjected first category of materials thrown flatly from the distribution device 100 can enter the No. 1 chute.
  • the second category of materials sprayed by the first spray valve 10 enters the No. 2 chute 2
  • the third category of materials sprayed by the second spray valve enters the No. 3 chute 3, so that the occupied area of each chute Rationalization, the structure of the sorting chamber is reasonable, the injection accuracy is high, the sorting accuracy is improved, the injection pressure is rationalized, the impact force between the material and the chute is avoided, and losses are avoided.
  • the material receiving device 400 includes a first partition 31 for forming the first chute 1 and the second chute 2 at intervals, and a first partition 31 for forming the second chute 2 and the third chute 3 at intervals.
  • the materials are sorted into the furthest No. 3 chute 3, and the movement trajectory of the material is lower than that of the first spray valve. 10.
  • the height of the partition between each chute is set to increase sequentially along the direction of the material movement trajectory.
  • the second category of materials and the No. 2 chute 2 corresponding to the second category of materials when the particle size of the second category of materials becomes larger, the second category of materials can be intercepted by adjusting the height of the partition of the chute. flight to improve the sorting accuracy of the second category of materials.
  • the applicable material particle size range is 30 mm to 350 mm.
  • materials of different particle sizes can be sorted.
  • Material categories include, for example, first category, second category, and third category materials.
  • the identification device 200 detects, for example, image information of the material and sends the image information to the control device (not shown).
  • the control device uses the image information to calculate the category information of the corresponding material and the distance of the material after it is thrown from the conveyor belt. Movement trajectory.
  • the control device can adopt the image recognition algorithm in the existing technology (the algorithm for identifying shape, position, and type information can use different algorithms and then load it on the corresponding hardware), and can quickly identify the shape and position of each material in the image.
  • type information the identification time is a few milliseconds to a few seconds, which is less than the time for the material to reach the sorting device 300 from the identification device 200.
  • the sorting device 300 sorts the materials into different categories according to the material categories corresponding to the materials identified by the identification device 200.
  • the following injection strategy can be used for sorting, and the injection strategy includes a first injection strategy, a second injection strategy, and a third injection strategy.
  • the first blowing strategy is used to not blow the material when it is the first type, so that the material of the first type enters the No. 1 chute 1.
  • the second blowing strategy is used to blow the second type of material through the first spray valve 10 when the material type is the second type, so that the second type of material enters the No. 2 chute 2 .
  • the third injection strategy is used to inject the third category through the second spray valve 20 when the material category is the third category, so that the third category material enters the No. 3 chute 3 .
  • control device is also used to calculate the coordinate position of the material. Set and reach the first injection valve 10 and the second injection valve 20, and send the time to start injection to the first injection valve 10 and the second injection valve 20.
  • the control device can also be used to control the number of openings of the nozzles on the spray valve based on the calculated particle size or outer dimensions of the material.
  • the control device obtains the position of the material on the conveyor belt based on the material image information obtained by the identification device 200, including the lateral position and longitudinal position of the conveyor belt.
  • the lateral position obtained according to the calculation can be used to control the opening of the nozzle at the corresponding position and the number of nozzles; according to the longitudinal position, the time to reach the blowing position can be obtained to control the nozzle corresponding to the material to blow the material.
  • the circle represents the first category of materials
  • the triangle represents the second category of materials
  • the rectangle represents the third category of materials.
  • the first, second, and third category materials are The materials are scattered and distributed on the conveyor belt. When the materials reach the edge of the conveyor belt, they fly out in the horizontal direction at the same initial speed as the conveyor belt.
  • the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20 When the material of the first category reaches the blowing position of the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve 20, because the control device recognizes that the material is the first category, the first spray valve 10 and the second spray valve are not activated. 20; The first category of materials reaches chute 1 along the flight path.
  • the control device controls to start the first spray valve 10 to blow the surface of the second type of material.
  • the second type of material is subject to the blowing force, Follow the flight path that first goes up and then goes down to reach Chute 2.
  • the control device controls to start the second spray valve 20 to blow the surface of the third category of material.
  • the third category of material is subject to the blowing force, follow the flight path that first goes up and then goes down to reach chute 3.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

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Abstract

一种物料分选系统及分选方法，包括：布料装置（100），用于输送物料；识别装置（200），用于识别所述布料装置（100）上的所述物料的物料信息；分选装置（300），用于根据所述物料信息对物料进行分选，至少包括位于物料运动轨迹下侧的第一喷阀（10）和第二喷阀（20），所述第一喷阀（10）的仰角大于所述第二喷阀（20）的仰角，所述第一喷阀（10）和所述第二喷阀（20）用于将所述物料分选为至少三种品类；接料装置（400），用于容置分选后的至少三种品类的物料。

Description

一种物料分选系统及分选方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求于2022年4月19日向中国国家知识产权局提交的申请号为202210413442.3、发明名称为“一种物料分选系统及分选方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请一般涉及物料分选技术领域，具体涉及一种物料分选系统及分选方法。
背景技术
随着干法选煤越来越受到重视，智能干选技术随之兴起，它是一种基于射线、光谱分析或图像识别煤矸石的智能自动分选技术。智能干选技术具有不用水、工艺简单、投资少、生产成本低的优点。
现有技术在进行三产品分选时，例如高品矿物、中品矿物和低品矿物时，通过不同喷吹力度的空气喷嘴喷吹不同品类的矿物以进行分选。为了提高精度，需要将喷吹力度之间的差异设置明显，喷吹压力越大，矿石运动距离越远，相应的第二、第三产品溜槽需要很宽，造成了分选室结构庞大，整机长度增加，占地面积大。
现有技术中，例如中国专利申请201710082748.4中公开了一种三产品智能干选机，通过采用不同的喷吹能量喷吹物料，使得不同种类的物料进入不同的溜槽中，实现三产品的分选。其中，喷吹能量的不同由选择大规格型号的高频电磁阀及空气喷嘴、增加或减小开启高频电磁阀及空气喷嘴个数、增加或减小开启高频电磁阀及空气喷嘴时间、增大或减小喷吹压力中的一种或多种方式实现。
然而，对于同一品类的物料在分选时，若完全依靠控制喷吹力度分选具有不同外形或者不同质量的物料，则误选概率会非常高。另外，在分选时， 也需要精准无误地控制喷吹力度，当喷吹机构性能下降或供气压力波动时，容易使得喷吹的物料进入其他的分拣区域或产品溜槽，造成物料的误选。。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述缺陷或不足，期望提供一种物料分选系统及分选方法，可以提高分选精度，减小占地面积。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种物料分选系统，包括：
布料装置，用于输送物料；
识别装置，用于识别所述布料装置上的所述物料的物料信息；
分选装置，用于根据所述物料信息对物料进行分选，至少包括位于物料运动轨迹下侧的第一喷阀和第二喷阀，所述第一喷阀的仰角大于所述第二喷阀的仰角，所述第一喷阀和所述第二喷阀用于将所述物料分选为至少三种品类；
接料装置，包括用于容置分选后的至少三种品类的物料。
可选地，所述第一喷阀对应所述矿物运动轨迹上的第一喷吹位置与所述第二喷阀对应所述矿物运动轨迹上的第二喷吹位置重叠。
可选地，所述第一喷阀的仰角与所述第二喷阀的仰角的差值范围为5°～30°。
可选地，所述第一喷阀的仰角为40°～60°；所述第二喷阀的仰角为20°～40°。
可选地，所述第一喷阀包括沿所述布料装置的宽度方向阵列设置的多个第一喷嘴，所述第二喷阀包括沿所述布料装置的宽度方向阵列设置的多个第二喷嘴。
可选地，所述第一喷嘴的喷吹压力为0.5MPa～0.75MPa；所述第二喷嘴的喷吹压力为0.5MPa～0.75MPa。
可选地，所述接料装置包括多个溜槽，一个所述溜槽用于容置分选后的一种品类的物料。
可选地，所述接料装置包括用于间隔形成一号溜槽和二号溜槽的第一隔板、用于间隔形成所述二号溜槽和三号溜槽的第二隔板以及位于所述三号溜槽一侧的第三隔板，所述第一隔板、第二隔板、第三隔板的高度依次增大。
可选地，所述布料装置为水平设置的输送带，所述输送带的速度为2m/s～5m/s；所述一号溜槽的长度为1.2m～2m，宽度为0.8m～1.5m；所述二号溜槽的长度为1.2m～2m，宽度为0.8m～1.5m；所述三号溜槽的长度为1.2m～2m，宽度为0.8m～1.5m。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种物料分选方法，采用如以上任一所述的系统，所述方法包括：
在物料输送过程中，通过所述识别装置识别所述布料装置上的所述物料的物料信息；
所述物料自所述布料装置上下落至所述分选装置对应的喷吹位置时，所述分选装置根据所述物料信息对应的物料品类，通过控制至少第一喷阀和第二喷阀进行喷吹，将所述物料分选为至少三种品类。
本申请的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
本申请实施例提供的物料分选系统，用于将物料分选为至少三种品类，通过控制至少第一喷阀和第二喷阀的仰角进行喷吹来进行物料分选，使得各个溜槽的占用面积合理化，分选室结构合理，喷吹精度较高，分选精度提高，喷吹压力合理化，避免物料与溜槽之间的撞击力，避免造成损失。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本申请的实施例提供的一种物料分选系统的结构示意图；
图2为本申请的实施例提供的一种物料分选系统的俯视图；
图3为本申请的实施例中物料受到第一喷阀和第二喷阀喷吹时的受力示意图；
图4为本申请的实施例提供的另一种物料分选系统的结构示意图；
图5为本申请的实施例提供的一种喷吹装置的结构示意图；
图6为本申请的实施例提供的又一种物料分选系统的结构示意图；
图7为本申请的实施例提供的一种物料分选方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明，而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
请详见图1-2，一种物料分选系统，包括：
布料装置100，用于输送物料；
识别装置200，用于识别所述布料装置上的所述物料的物料信息；
分选装置300，用于根据所述物料信息对物料进行分选，至少包括位于物料运动轨迹下侧的第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20，所述第一喷阀10的仰角大于所述第二喷阀20的仰角，所述第一喷阀10和所述第二喷阀20用于将所述物料分选为至少三种品类；
接料装置400，用于容置分选后的至少三种品类的物料。
在本申请实施例中，物料分选系统可以用于矿物分选、食品分选、垃圾分选等，通过识别装置识别待分选物料的物料信息，基于物料信息将物料分为多种品类，通过分选装置对物料中的不同品类进行分选；本申请中的分选装置包括仰角不同的至少两个喷阀，通过该至少两个喷阀可以实现至少三种品类的物料的分选。在本申请中，喷阀的仰角是指喷阀的喷吹角度与水平方向之间的夹角。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中基于物料信息可以将物料分为多种品类，在具体分类时，根据分选要求的不同，可以存在不同品类的划分方式。物料品类可以按照形状大小分类、按照密度分类、按照物质含量分类等，本申请对此并不限制。
例如，对于矿物，可以分为金属矿物和非金属矿物，金属矿物包括黑色金属和有色金属；如铁、锰、铬等；有色金属矿石，如铜、铅、锌、铝、锡、钼、镍、锑、钨等。非金属矿物包括绝大部分的含氧盐矿物以及部分氧化物和卤化物矿物，如金刚石、水晶、冰洲石、硼、电气石、云母、黄玉、刚玉、石墨、石膏、石棉以及燃料矿物等。
在划分品类时，物料品类包括所含金属种类、品位高低及化学成分等的不同而进行的分类。在本申请以下的实施例中，以物料分选系统包括两个喷阀(第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20)、将矿物产品分为三种品类(例如高品矿物、中品矿物和低品矿物)的情形为例进行示例性说明。
另外，基于分选物料的种类以及待分选物料品类不同，采用的是识别装置也可以不同。另外，不同的识别装置也可以组合使用。
例如，基于形状大小的不同进行物料品类划分时，可以采用图像识别系统，通过识别物料的形状信息划分物料品类；例如，基于金属种类的不同，可以采用X射线系统，通过识别物料中的金属成分划分物料品类；当然，还可以采用X射线系统识别物料的形状等。在对于物料信息的识别方法，可以采用现有已知的多种方式，本申请在此不进行详述。
在本申请实施例中，以矿物分选进行示例性说明。矿物品类以特定金属含量的不同划分为三种品类，包括高品矿物(特定金属含量最高)、中品矿物(特定金属含量居中)和低品矿物(特定金属含量最低)。在应用时，布料装置100可以为水平布置的传输带、倾斜布置的传输带、带角度的倾斜滑板中的一种或者多种的组合。不同类型不同粒级的物料在布料装置100上沿长度方向和宽度方向分布，由于输送带具有一定的运行速度，不同物料散落在输送带上，并通过输送带输送到端部位置时，物料自输送带抛出进行平抛运动。
需要说明的是，本实施例中以水平布置的传输带进行示例性说明，当然，在其他实施例中，根据应用场景的不同还可以选择不同形式的布料装置。
识别装置200可以包括：图像识别系统和/或X射线系统。其中，该X射线系统可以由X射线源和X射线探测器组成。该图像识别系统可以由相机和光源组成。X射线系统可用于获取物料的种类，图像识别系统可用于获 取物料的尺寸形状。当然，在其他实施例中，还可以采用X射线系统获取物料的粒级，或者采用其他识别装置200获得物料的形状特征，本申请对此并不限制。
在本实施例中，以识别装置200采用的是X射线系统为例进行说明。X射线系统用于识别矿物中的金属成分，通过金属成分的含量不同，将矿物分为高品矿物、中品矿物和低品矿物。通过X射线系统还可以识别矿物的形状以便分选装置300可以根据矿物的形状、投影面积等控制喷阀上的喷嘴的开启数量。对于不同形状或者不同面积的同一品类的物料也可以进行更好的分选，以提高分选精度。
分选装置300至少包括第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20，用于实现至少三种产品的分选，例如，可以采用五个喷阀进行六种品类的物料的分选。在进行分选时，根据物料的形状不同，在进行分选时物料所接受的喷吹压力是不同的。在本申请实施例中，以分选装置300包括第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20进行三品种类的物料的分选为例进行示例性说明。
值得注意的是，本申请实施例中的分选装置位于物料运动轨迹的下侧，本申请中物料运动轨迹是指物料从布料装置抛出后的运动轨迹，运动轨迹大致呈平抛线的形状。在本实施例中，通过将分选装置设置在运动轨迹的下侧，可以对物料施加趋于运动方向的喷吹力，减少能耗的同时提高不同仰角对于分选精度的影响，提高分选精度。
本领域公知的是，喷阀的喷吹压力越大，物料被喷吹的距离越远，但在喷吹过程中，喷吹距离越远，物料在运动过程中的不可控因素越多，例如，风阻、与溜槽的撞击力等。本申请实施例中，在不增大单位面积的喷吹压力的基础上，改进喷阀的结构设计，使得通过在喷阀的不同角度的喷吹下，实现不同物料的分选。
在本申请中，通过第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20可以实现三种品类物料的分选，在设置时，通过接料装置400的三个溜槽可以实现三种品类物料的容置。
例如，三种品类物料按照铁含量的多少，铁矿包括菱铁矿、赤铁矿及磁铁矿，菱铁矿的密度为3.8～3.9g/cm3，赤铁矿的密度为3.4～4.4g/cm3，磁 铁矿的密度为4.9～5.2g/cm3，进而根据识别装置200(例如X射线图像的灰度值)以识别三者中的一者或两者。
在应用时，溜槽包括靠近布料装置100一侧的一号溜槽1、中间位置的二号溜槽2以及远离布料装置100一侧的三号溜槽3；第一喷阀10用于对物料进行喷吹使得物料进入二号溜槽2；第二喷阀20用于对物料进行喷吹使得物料进入三号溜槽3；未被喷吹的物料进入一号溜槽1。
当经过识别装置200识别为菱铁矿的物料从布料装置100上抛出时，通过分选装置300控制第一喷阀10对菱铁矿进行喷吹使得菱铁矿进入所述二号溜槽2；当经过识别装置200识别为赤铁矿的物料从布料装置100上抛出时，通过分选装置300控制第二喷阀10对赤铁矿进行喷吹使得赤铁矿进入三号溜槽3；当经过识别装置200识别为磁铁矿的物料从布料装置100上抛出时，磁铁矿未经受喷吹，经过平抛运动到达进入一号溜槽1。
在本申请实施例中，将第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20设置在物料运动轨迹的下侧，实现对物料进行自下而上的喷吹，第二品类的物料受到第一喷阀10的喷吹，自下而上抛起后，自喷吹点继续上升到最高点后下落；第三品类的物料受到第二喷阀20的喷吹，自喷吹点继续上升到最高点后下落。可以理解的是，第二品类和第三品类的物料在受到喷吹后，各自的平抛运动轨迹改变。
如图3所示，假设第二品类和第三品类的物料除种类外，其他性能特征均相同，例如，重量相同和体积相同等。在第一喷吹压力F1和第二喷吹压力F2相同的情况下，第二品类的物料受到向上的分力F1sinα1，第三品类的物料受到向上的分力F2sinα2。此处，α1为第一喷阀10的仰角，α2为第二喷阀20的仰角。由于sinα1＞sinα2，因此第二品类的物料受到的向上分力大于第三品类的物料受到的向上的分力，第二品类的物料向上运动的高度大于第三品类的物料向上运动的高度；第二品类的物料受到的横向运动的分力F1cosα1，第三品类的物料受到的横向运动的分力F2cosα2，第三品类的物料受到的向前运动的分力大于第二品类的物料受到的向前运动的分力，第三品类的物料被抛得更远。
在本申请实施例中，通过将第一喷阀10的仰角设为大于第二喷阀20 的仰角，一方面可以使得第二喷阀20的仰角较小，使得第三品类的物料的水平运动距离更远，另一方面，通过第一喷阀10的仰角增大，使得第一品类的物料的垂直高度更高，使得第二品类的物料与二号溜槽2之间的壁面夹角减小，与二号溜槽2的开口基本为垂直入射，可以有效减小二号溜槽2的距离，同时，第二品类的分选精度增大。
在本申请实施例中，第一喷阀10的仰角与第二喷阀20的仰角的差值范围为5°～30°。优选地，第一喷阀10的仰角为40°～60°；第二喷阀20的仰角为20°～40°。更优选地，第一喷阀10的仰角为45°，第二喷阀20的仰角为37°。予以说明，在本申请实施例中，通过使第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的仰角不同来实现第二品类和第三品类的物料的分选，由此，第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20可采用相同规格型号的空气喷嘴并配套相同规格型号的高频电磁阀，亦可不需要控制第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的喷吹力度，由此可显著降低装置成本和控制成本。
另外，矿石因不同形状、面积或者重量的不同而受到差别非常大的阻力，在进行分选时，通常忽略阻力，或者假设阻力为恒定值。当然，若采用计算阻力的方式，由于影响阻力情况的因素较多，也会导致最终阻力的计算值差异较大。在该情况下，会产生运动轨迹偏差，随着时间的延长，偏差更加明显，导致在后续接受喷吹时的喷吹位置的精度降低。因此，需要精准无误地控制喷吹力度，当喷吹机构性能下降或供气压力波动时，容易使得喷吹的物料进入其他的分拣区域，造成了物料的错误分选，降低物料分选的精确度。
在本申请实施例中，为了进一步解决喷吹精度的问题，将第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置设置在物料自布料装置100上抛出后的平抛运动轨迹的前端位置，通过两个喷阀对于物料的喷吹位置重叠或者接近重叠，在越靠近前端位置，运动轨迹的变量越小，达到第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置时的精度越高，因此，物料被分拣的精度越高。
例如，分选装置300位于布料装置100的出料端的下方，第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置对应物料从布料装置100上刚抛出时的位置。
在本申请的一个实施例中，第一喷阀10对应物料运动轨迹上的第一喷吹位置与第二喷阀20对应物料运动轨迹上的第二喷吹位置重叠。此时，由 于第一喷阀10的仰角大于第二喷阀20的仰角，因此，第一喷阀10的位置设置在第二喷阀20远离布料装置100的一侧。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中优选设置第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置越靠近物料的平抛运动轨迹的始端越好。在其他一些实施例中，第一喷阀10的喷吹位置和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置可以设置在位置接近的地方。在设置时，第一喷阀10到运动轨迹上的第一喷吹位置与第二喷阀20到运动轨迹上的第二喷吹位置之间在运动轨迹的下方一侧无交叉，由此可以防止第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20在同时喷吹时，喷吹气流交叉，影响物料的喷吹受力。当第一喷阀10的喷吹位置和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置接近时，第一喷阀10可以位于第二喷阀20靠近布料装置100一侧的位置，即第一喷阀10的设置高度大于第二喷阀20的设置高度，如图4所示。
可选地，第一喷阀10包括沿布料装置100的宽度方向阵列设置的多个第一喷嘴，第二喷阀20包括沿布料装置100的宽度方向阵列设置的多个第二喷嘴。其中，在本申请实施例中，第一喷阀10的喷吹位置和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置接近，因此，在设置时，第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20可以采用同一供气设备并设置在同一喷吹装置上。
在设置时，如图5所示，喷吹装置包括两排并列设置的喷嘴，喷嘴的阵列方向为沿布料装置100的宽度方向，在本申请中假设位于上方的喷嘴为第一喷嘴11，位于下方的喷嘴为第二喷嘴21，第一喷嘴11的仰角为45°；第二喷嘴21的仰角为37°。第一喷嘴11和第二喷嘴21的设置方式参照对于第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的描述，本申请在此不进行一一详述。
喷吹装置内对应每一喷嘴上可以设置有与供气设备(未图示)相通的电磁阀，该电磁阀的类型可以为高频电磁阀。每个喷嘴通过电磁阀与供气设备连通，供气设备内装有压缩气体，用于为喷嘴提供气体来源以喷吹不同品类的物料。
在本申请实施例中，通过多个第一喷嘴11和多个第二喷嘴21，在对应不同形状(例如尺寸或者粒级)的物料时，也可以藉由调节第一喷嘴11和第二喷嘴21的数量，实现对于喷吹压力的控制。例如，当物料的面积较大时，可以采用数量较多的喷嘴数量对于物料表面进行喷吹，当物料的面积较 小时，可以采用数量较少的喷嘴数量对于物料表面进行喷吹，将不同体积不同重量的物料的喷吹距离(水平运动距离)维持在一定范围内。
在本申请实施例中，各个喷嘴都是相互独立的，喷嘴的气体的方向互不干扰，这样能够使不同的物料之间都能够接受到对应喷嘴的喷吹且不会受到其他喷嘴的喷吹，而影响其运动轨迹进而影响到最终的分选结果。在进行喷吹时，根据每一物料的形状等的不同，每一物料进行喷吹时的喷嘴数量也可以是不同的。
例如，第一喷嘴11的喷吹压力为0.5MPa～0.75MPa；第二喷嘴21的喷吹压力为0.5MPa～0.75MPa。优选地，第一喷嘴11的喷吹压力与第二喷嘴21的喷吹压力相同。一号溜槽1的长度为1.2m～2m，宽度为0.8m～1.5m；二号溜槽2的长度为1.2m～2m，宽度为0.8m～1.5m；三号溜槽3的长度为1.2m～2m，宽度为0.8m～1.5m。布料装置100为水平设置的输送带，输送带的速度为2m/s～5m/s。予以说明，此处的喷吹压力、溜槽尺寸、输送带的速度等均为本申请实施例的分选系统的优化后的参数。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置不同仰角的第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20，可以使得从布料装置100上平抛出的未被喷吹的第一品类的物料进入一号溜槽1中，被第一喷阀10喷吹的第二品类的物料进入二号溜槽2中，被第二喷阀喷吹的第三品类的物料进入三号溜槽3中，使得各个溜槽的占用面积合理化，分选室结构合理，喷吹精度较高，分选精度提高，喷吹压力合理化，避免物料与溜槽之间的撞击力，避免造成损失。
另外，在设置时，如图6所示，接料装置400包括用于间隔形成一号溜槽1和二号溜槽2的第一隔板31、用于间隔形成二号溜槽2和三号溜槽3的第二隔板32以及位于三号溜槽3一侧的第三隔板33，第一隔板31、第二隔板32、第三隔板33的高度依次增大。
溜槽尺寸越高对于物料的拦截程度越高，但结合本申请中仰角较小的第二喷阀20将物料分选进最远的三号溜槽3中，物料的运动轨迹低于第一喷阀10对物料喷吹的运动轨迹，因此，将每一溜槽之间的隔板的高度沿物料运动轨迹方向上设置为依次增大。
通过调整溜槽的隔板高度，可以实现对于分选精度的进一步控制，例如， 对于第二品类的物料以及与第二品类的物料对应的二号溜槽2，当第二品类的物料的粒级变得较大时，可以通过调整溜槽的隔板高度来拦截第二品类的物料的飞行，提高第二品类的物料的分选精度。在本申请实施例中，可以适用的物料粒级为30mm～350mm。在不同实施例中，通过调整隔板高度，可实现不同粒级物料的分选。
请参考图7，本申请还提供了一种物料分选方法，采用如以上任一所述的系统，所述方法包括：
S02、在物料输送过程中，通过识别装置200识别布料装置100上的物料品类。物料品类包括例如第一品类、第二品类和第三品类的物料。
需要说明的是，识别装置200检测到物料的例如图像信息并将图像信息发送到控制装置(未图示)上，控制装置通过图像信息计算对应物料的品类信息以及物料自输送带抛出后的运动轨迹。控制装置可以采用现有技术中的图像识别算法(识别形状、位置、种类信息的算法可以选用不同的算法，然后加载在相应的硬件上即可)，能够快速识别图像中各物料的形状、位置、种类信息，其识别时间为几毫秒到几秒，小于物料从识别装置200达到分选装置300的时间。
S04、物料自布料装置100上下落至分选装置300对应的喷吹位置时，分选装置300根据识别装置200识别出的物料对应的物料品类，分选为不同品类的物料。
例如，可采用如下的喷吹策略进行分选，该喷吹策略包括第一喷吹策略、第二喷吹策略和第三喷吹策略。
第一喷吹策略用于在物料品类为第一品类时，不对其进行喷吹，使得第一品类的物料进入一号溜槽1。
第二喷吹策略用于在物料品类为第二品类时，通过第一喷阀10对第二品类进行喷吹，使得第二品类的物料进入二号溜槽2。
第三喷吹策略用于在物料品类为第三品类时，通过第二喷阀20对第三品类进行喷吹，使得第三品类的物料进入三号溜槽3。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，控制装置还用于计算物料的坐标位 置以及到达第一喷阀10、第二喷阀20的时间，并向第一喷阀10、第二喷阀20发送启动喷吹的时间。控制装置还可用于根据计算获得的物料的粒级或者外形尺寸，控制喷阀上喷嘴的开启数量。
在计算时，控制装置根据识别装置200获取的物料图像信息，获取物料在输送带上的位置，包括输送带的横向位置和纵向位置。根据计算获得的横向位置可以用于控制开启对应的位置的喷嘴以及控制喷嘴数量；根据纵向位置可以获得到达喷吹位置的时间以控制与物料对应的喷嘴对物料进行喷吹。
如图1所示，图中采用圆形代表第一品类的物料，三角形代表第二品类的物料，矩形代表第三品类的物料，第一品类、第二品类、第三品类的物料在输送带上散落分布，当物料到达输送带边缘位置时，均以与输送带相同的初速度沿水平方向飞出。
当第一品类的物料到达第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20的喷吹位置时，由于控制装置识别出该物料为第一品类，未启动第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20；第一品类的物料沿着飞行路径到达一号溜槽1。
当第二品类的物料到达第一喷阀10的喷吹位置时，控制装置控制启动第一喷阀10对第二品类的物料的表面进行喷吹，第二品类的物料受到喷吹力时，沿先向上后向下的飞行路径到达二号溜槽2。
当第三品类的物料到达第二喷阀20的喷吹位置时，控制装置控制启动第二喷阀20对第三品类的物料的表面进行喷吹，第三品类的物料受到喷吹力时，沿先向上后向下的飞行路径到达三号溜槽3。
当其中两种物料(例如第二品类和第三品类的物料)位于输送带的同一宽度方向上，在第二品类和第三品类的物料同时到达喷吹位置时，由于第一喷阀10和第二喷阀20同样是沿输送带的宽度方向布置，因此，当到达同一喷吹位置时，启动与第二品类和第三品类的物料对应的第一喷嘴11、第二喷嘴21即可。
需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具 有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
除非另有定义，本文中所使用的技术和科学术语与本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文中出现的诸如“设置”等术语既可以表示一个部件直接附接至另一个部件，也可以表示一个部件通过中间件附接至另一个部件。本文中在一个实施方式中描述的特征可以单独地或与其它特征结合地应用于另一个实施方式，除非该特征在该另一个实施方式中不适用或是另有说明。
本发明已经通过上述实施方式进行了说明，但应当理解的是，上述实施方式只是用于举例和说明的目的，而非意在将本发明限制于所描述的实施方式范围内。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，根据本发明的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改，这些变型和修改均落在本发明所要求保护的范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种物料分选系统，其特征在于，包括：
    布料装置，用于输送物料；
    识别装置，用于识别所述布料装置上的所述物料的物料信息；
    分选装置，用于根据所述物料信息对物料进行分选，至少包括位于物料运动轨迹下侧的第一喷阀和第二喷阀，所述第一喷阀的仰角大于所述第二喷阀的仰角，所述第一喷阀和所述第二喷阀用于将所述物料分选为至少三种品类；
    接料装置，用于容置分选后的至少三种品类的物料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一喷阀对应所述物料运动轨迹上的第一喷吹位置与所述第二喷阀对应所述物料运动轨迹上的第二喷吹位置重叠。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一喷阀的仰角与所述第二喷阀的仰角的差值范围为5°～30°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一喷阀的仰角为40°～60°；所述第二喷阀的仰角为20°～40°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一喷阀包括沿所述布料装置的宽度方向阵列设置的多个第一喷嘴，所述第二喷阀包括沿所述布料装置的宽度方向阵列设置的多个第二喷嘴。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一喷嘴的喷吹压力为0.5MPa～0.75MPa；所述第二喷嘴的喷吹压力为0.5MPa～0.75MPa。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述接料装置包括多个溜槽，一个所述溜槽用于容置分选后的一种品类的物料。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述接料装置包括用于间隔形成一号溜槽和二号溜槽的第一隔板、用于间隔形成所述二号溜槽和三号溜槽的第二隔板以及位于所述三号溜槽一侧的第三隔板，所述第一隔板、第二隔板、第三隔板的高度依次增大。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述布料装置为水平设置的输送带，所述输送带的速度为2m/s～5m/s。
  10. 一种物料分选方法，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1-9任一项所述的系统，所述方法包括：
    在物料输送过程中，通过所述识别装置识别所述布料装置上的所述物料的物料信息；
    所述物料自所述布料装置上下落至所述分选装置对应的喷吹位置时，所述分选装置根据所述物料信息对应的物料品类，通过控制至少第一喷阀和第二喷阀进行喷吹，将所述物料分选为至少三种品类。
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