WO2023202007A1 - 动力电池及电动车辆 - Google Patents

动力电池及电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202007A1
WO2023202007A1 PCT/CN2022/125357 CN2022125357W WO2023202007A1 WO 2023202007 A1 WO2023202007 A1 WO 2023202007A1 CN 2022125357 W CN2022125357 W CN 2022125357W WO 2023202007 A1 WO2023202007 A1 WO 2023202007A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
box
tray
power battery
exhaust
exhaust channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/125357
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李凡
黄莹
陈智伟
陈朝海
邱文聪
欧阳效群
郭隆清
冯炎强
Original Assignee
湖北亿纬动力有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 filed Critical 湖北亿纬动力有限公司
Publication of WO2023202007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202007A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, for example, to a power battery and an electric vehicle.
  • a cylindrical power battery multiple cells are carried by a tray and placed in a box.
  • a pressure relief cavity is formed between the tray and the box.
  • the explosion-proof valve of the battery core opens, and the gas and jets generated inside the battery core enter the pressure relief chamber and are discharged to prevent the battery core from catching fire or exploding. Since the temperature of the gas generated inside the battery core is relatively high, direct discharge of the gas will cause abnormal temperature of the vehicle body and easily ignite the vehicle body.
  • This application provides a power battery and an electric vehicle that can prevent the exhaust gas from the power battery from being too high in temperature and causing the vehicle body to ignite.
  • a power battery including a box and a tray.
  • the tray is used to install battery cells.
  • the tray is disposed in the box.
  • the bottom surface of the tray is in contact with the surrounding area of the box.
  • Forming a pressure relief chamber the tray is provided with a through hole communicating with the pressure relief chamber;
  • the box is provided with an exhaust channel around the circumference of the box.
  • One end of the exhaust channel is provided with an inlet communicating with the pressure relief chamber, and the other end of the exhaust channel is provided with an inlet capable of communicating with the pressure relief chamber. Describe the outlet connected to the outside of the box.
  • the box is provided with a plurality of installation cavities, each of the installation cavities is provided with the tray and the pressure relief chamber, and each of the pressure relief chambers is connected to the inlet. .
  • the box includes:
  • a plurality of side plates are arranged around the circumference of the bottom plate and connected to the bottom plate, and the exhaust channel extends within at least one of the side plates.
  • the exhaust channels are provided in the two side panels arranged on the left and right, and the two exhaust channels extend into the side panels on the rear side.
  • the inlet is provided at the front end of the two side panels arranged on the left and right, and the outlet is provided on the side panel on the rear side.
  • one exhaust channel is provided, and the exhaust channel extends from one of the plurality of side plates to the remaining side plates around the circumference of the bottom plate.
  • the box further includes:
  • a plurality of support beams are arranged crosswise on the bottom plate and are enclosed with the side plates to form a plurality of installation cavities, and each of the installation cavities can be connected to the exhaust channel.
  • the plurality of support beams include:
  • Longitudinal beams extend in the front and rear direction, and the rear ends of the longitudinal beams are connected to the side panels on the rear side;
  • the first cross beam extends along the left and right directions, and its two ends are respectively connected to the corresponding side plates.
  • the first cross beam and the longitudinal beam are arranged in a cross;
  • the second cross beam extends in the left and right direction, and its two ends are respectively connected to the corresponding side plates.
  • the middle part of the second cross beam is connected to the front end of the longitudinal beam.
  • At least part of the longitudinal beam is spaced apart from the bottom plate, and at least part of the first cross beam located on both sides of the longitudinal beam is spaced apart from the bottom plate.
  • At least part of the first cross beam located on both sides of the longitudinal beam is spaced apart from the bottom plate.
  • an exhaust valve is provided at the outlet, and the exhaust valve is configured to open when the air pressure in the exhaust channel reaches a preset value.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electric vehicle, including the above-mentioned power battery.
  • the exhaust channel surrounding the periphery of the box can extend the exhaust path of the gas generated after the battery core thermal runaway, increase the heat exchange area and time between the gas and the box, thereby reducing the exhaust gas
  • the temperature of the gas prevents the body temperature from getting out of control and igniting.
  • the electric vehicle provided by this application has good safety performance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the assembled box and tray provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the box provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the box provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cloud diagram of gas flow velocity distribution in the pressure relief chamber provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cloud diagram of the gas pressure distribution in the pressure relief chamber provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the gas exhaust path provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a box provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a top view of the box provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the gas exhaust path provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body.
  • It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the term “above” or “below” a first feature on a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may also include the first and second features. Not in direct contact but through additional characteristic contact between them.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” a first feature on a second feature include the first feature being directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “under” and “under” the first feature is the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • the power battery includes a box 1 and a battery module, and the battery module is installed in the box 1.
  • the battery module includes a tray 2 and a plurality of battery cells 3 arranged on the tray 2.
  • the plurality of battery cells 3 are fixed by the tray 2 to form a modular structure, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the battery module.
  • the tray 2 is provided with a through hole 21 facing one end of the battery core 3.
  • the bottom surface of the tray 2 and the box 1 form a pressure relief chamber 5, and the pressure relief chamber 5 is connected with the through hole 21.
  • the through hole 21 on the tray 2 is directly opposite the explosion-proof valve provided on the battery core 3.
  • the explosion-proof valve at one end of the battery core 3 is opened, and the gas and jets generated in the battery core 3 can pass through.
  • the through hole 21 enters the pressure relief chamber 5 and is discharged through the exhaust port to prevent the battery core 3 from burning or exploding.
  • the area of the pressure relief chamber 5 is larger than the area of the through hole 21. The gas released by the battery core 3 is quickly discharged into the pressure relief chamber 5 through the through hole 21. After the pressure is reduced, the gas is discharged from the pressure relief chamber again. 5 is discharged, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the box 1 is provided with an exhaust channel 111 around its circumference.
  • One end of the air passage is provided with an inlet 131 that communicates with the pressure relief chamber 5
  • the other end of the exhaust passage is provided with an outlet 130 that can communicate with the outside of the box 1 .
  • the temperature of the gas discharged from the channel outlet can be adjusted to prevent the vehicle body from being overheated and ignited, and improve the safety of use.
  • the exhaust channel provided around the circumference of the box body 1 can extend the flow path of the gas, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the gas during the flow process, and thereby reducing the temperature of the gas discharged from the outlet.
  • the box 1 includes a bottom plate 11 and a plurality of side plates.
  • a plurality of side plates are arranged around the circumference of the bottom plate 11 and connected to the bottom plate 11 .
  • the exhaust channel 111 extends in at least one side plate to increase the length of the exhaust channel and prolong the flow time of gas in the exhaust channel, thereby reducing the The temperature of the gas discharged from the outlet.
  • the base plate 11 is generally rectangular, and side plates are provided on the front, rear, left, and right sides of the base plate 11 .
  • the side panels located on the front, rear, left and right sides of the bottom panel 11 are referred to as the front side panel 15, the rear side panel 14, the left side panel 12 and the right side panel 13 respectively.
  • exhaust channels 111 are provided in both the left side panel 12 and the right side panel 13 , and the exhaust channels extend rearward into the rear side panel 14 .
  • the exhaust channel extends from the left side panel 12 or the right side panel 13 into the rear side panel 14, so that the exhaust channel surrounds both sides of the box 1 along the circumferential direction, which is conducive to increasing the length of the exhaust channel, thereby improving the efficiency of the exhaust channel.
  • the heat dissipation effect of the gas in the exhaust channel is provided in both the left side panel 12 and the right side panel 13 , and the exhaust channels extend rearward into the rear side panel 14 .
  • the exhaust channel extends from the left side panel 12 or the right side panel 13 into the rear side panel 14, so that the exhaust channel surrounds both sides of the box 1 along the circumferential direction, which is conducive to increasing the length of the exhaust channel, thereby improving the efficiency of the exhaust channel.
  • the heat dissipation effect of the gas in the exhaust channel is conducive to increasing the length of the exhaust channel, thereby improving the
  • each installation cavity 10 is provided with a tray 2 and a pressure relief chamber 5 .
  • Each pressure relief chamber 5 is connected to the inlet 131 .
  • Each installation cavity 10 and the tray 2 are formed with a pressure relief cavity 5.
  • Each pressure relief cavity 5 is connected to the inlet 131 of the exhaust channel, which can ensure that the battery core 3 in each battery module generates thermal runaway during thermal runaway. Gas can enter the exhaust channel through the inlet 131 and be discharged from the outlet 130 through the exhaust channel.
  • the box 1 further includes a plurality of support beams, which are cross-disposed on the bottom plate 11 and are enclosed with the side plates to form a plurality of installation cavities 10 .
  • the space inside the box 1 is divided into a plurality of installation cavities 10 by a plurality of support beams arranged on the bottom plate 11, so that the exhaust channels are located at the periphery of the multiple installation cavities 10, and it is convenient for the multiple installation cavities 10 to be connected to the exhaust channels respectively.
  • the connection also helps the gas in the exhaust channel to be discharged out of the box 1.
  • the space enclosed by the side panels is divided into four installation cavities 10 by multiple support beams, and a battery module is disposed in each installation cavity 10 .
  • the plurality of support beams include longitudinal beams 16 , first beams 17 and second beams 18 .
  • the longitudinal beam 16 extends in the front and rear direction, and the rear end of the longitudinal beam 16 is connected to the rear side plate 14; the first cross beam 17 and the second cross beam 18 both extend in the left and right directions. Both ends of the first crossbeam 17 are connected to the left side panel 12 and the right side panel 13 respectively, and the first crossbeam 17 and the longitudinal beam 16 are arranged in a cross; both ends of the second crossbeam 18 are connected to the left side panel 12 and the right side panel respectively.
  • the longitudinal beam 16, the first beam 17 and the second beam 18 are in a "stem" shape, and together with the left side panel 12, the right side panel 13 and the rear side panel 14, form four installation cavities 10.
  • an inlet 131 is provided at the front end of the inner wall of the left side panel 12 and the right side panel 13 , and an outlet is provided at one end of the exhaust channel extending into the rear side panel 14 .
  • the flow path of the gas located in the pressure relief chamber 5 is shown by the dotted arrow in Figure 3. It enters from the front end of the right side plate 13 (left side plate 12), flows backward and is discharged through the outlet on the rear side plate 14. It should be noted here that Figure 3 only shows the flow path of the gas in the area on the right side of the longitudinal beam 16.
  • the flow path of the gas in the area on the left side of the longitudinal beam 16 is similar to that on the right side. They all enter the left side through the front inlet 131. into the exhaust channel on the side, and then discharged through the outlet on the rear side plate 14.
  • the space inside the box 1 is divided into two areas arranged on the left and right through the longitudinal beams 16, and there are two installation cavities 10 in each area.
  • exhaust channels are provided on the left and right sides of the longitudinal beam 16, which can extend the exhaust path and ensure that the gas in the pressure relief chamber 5 can enter the exhaust channel in time, which is helpful to avoid pressure relief.
  • the air pressure in chamber 5 increases sharply.
  • At least part of the longitudinal beams 16 can be spaced apart from the bottom plate 11 so that the pressure relief chambers 5 in the areas on both sides of the longitudinal beams 16 are connected to ensure that the gas can be discharged in time.
  • the longitudinal beam 16 is located At least part of the first cross beams 17 on both sides are spaced apart from the bottom plate 11, so that the gap between the first cross beam 17 and the bottom plate 11 can connect the two installation cavities 10 arranged in the front and rear directions, so that the installation cavity located on the rear side can be connected.
  • the gas in 10 can enter the exhaust channel from the front inlet 131 through the gap between the bottom plate 11 and the first cross beam 17 .
  • an exhaust valve 4 is provided at the outlet.
  • the exhaust valve 4 can be opened when the gas pressure in the exhaust channel reaches a preset value to connect the exhaust channel with the outside of the box 1 .
  • one exhaust valve 4 can be provided on each exhaust channel, or two or more exhaust valves 4 can be provided, and the specific number can be set as needed.
  • the inlet 131 may be provided on the rear side panel 14, and correspondingly, the outlet may be provided at the front ends of the left side panel 12 and the right side panel 13, which may also serve to extend the exhaust path.
  • a plurality of convex bumps 111 are provided on the bottom plate 11 at intervals corresponding to the positions of the first cross beam 17 .
  • the convex bumps 111 protrude into the box 1 , and the convex bumps 111 can abut against the first cross beam 17 .
  • the bottom plate 11 and the first cross beam 17 between two adjacent convex bumps 111 are spaced apart to communicate with the two mounting cavities 10 arranged front and back.
  • the convex hull 111 can also support the first beam 17, improve the stability of the first beam 17, increase the strength of the bottom plate 11, and improve the load-bearing capacity of the box 1.
  • the longitudinal beam 16 , the first beam 17 and the second beam 18 can all be hollow structures to reduce weight, reduce the stress on the bottom plate 11 , and improve the reliability of the power battery.
  • the left side panel 12, the right side panel 13 and the rear side panel 14 all have a stepped structure.
  • the right side panel 13 includes first roofs with different heights. surface 133 and the second top surface 132.
  • the first top surface 133 is located outside the second top surface 132 and is higher than the second top surface 132.
  • the second top surface 132 is flush with the top surface of the support beam.
  • the surface 132 and the top surface of the support beam form an annular mounting surface.
  • the annular mounting surface is arranged circumferentially around the pallet 2 and is used to support the bottom edge of the pallet 2 .
  • reinforcing ribs may be provided in the side panels.
  • the reinforcing ribs can improve the strength of the side panels on the basis of ensuring that an exhaust channel can be formed inside the side panels to better support the fixed tray 2 .
  • the gas flow velocity distribution cloud diagram and pressure distribution cloud diagram in the pressure relief chamber 5 are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 5 respectively.
  • Figure 6 the gas flow rate in the pressure relief chamber 5 is relatively uniform, and the flow rate in the exhaust channel is basically greater than the flow rate in the pressure relief chamber 5.
  • the gas can be discharged in time on the basis of satisfying heat exchange.
  • the air pressure in the pressure relief chamber 5 of the thermal runaway battery core 3 is slightly greater than the air pressure in the other pressure relief chambers 5, and the overall pressure is maintained at about 10 kPa.
  • the battery core 3 close to the inlet 131 of the exhaust channel is the proximal battery core 3.
  • the proximal battery core 3 has the shortest exhaust path when thermal runaway occurs, which are L and M. of and.
  • the battery core 3 at the end far away from the inlet 131 of the exhaust channel is the remote battery core 3.
  • the remote battery core 3 has the longest exhaust path when thermal runaway occurs, which is the sum of L, M and N.
  • the exhaust path of the proximal cell 3 is 1725mm
  • the exhaust path of the distal cell is 1725mm.
  • the exhaust path of 3 is 3360mm, and the longest exhaust path can exceed 3 meters, which can greatly increase the heat exchange area between high-temperature gas and box 1, thereby reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • the power battery provided by the embodiment of the present application can extend the exhaust path of the gas generated after the battery core thermal runaway through the exhaust channel surrounding the box body, increase the heat exchange area and time between the gas and the box body, thereby reducing the exhaust gas
  • the temperature of the gas can prevent the body temperature from getting out of control and igniting.
  • This embodiment provides an electric vehicle including a power battery.
  • the structure of the power battery in this embodiment is roughly the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the difference lies in the specific arrangement of the exhaust channel.
  • one exhaust channel is provided, and the exhaust channel extends from one of the plurality of side plates to the remaining side plates around the circumference of the bottom plate 11 . That is, the exhaust channel in this embodiment passes through each side plate of the box 1 to form an ultra-long exhaust channel, so that the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery core 3 roughly surrounds the bottom plate 11 before being discharged, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation effect of the gas. .
  • the flow path of the gas is shown by the dotted arrow in Figure 9.
  • the inlet 131 is provided at the front end of the inner side of the right side panel 13 , and the outlet is provided on the front side panel 15 .
  • the gas entering the exhaust channel needs to flow backward from the front end of the right side plate 13 to the rear side plate 14, from the right end to the left end of the rear side plate 14, from the rear end of the left side plate 12 to the front end, and finally from the front side.
  • the outlet on plate 15 discharges.
  • the battery core 3 close to the inlet 131 of the exhaust channel is the proximal battery core 3.
  • the proximal battery core 3 has the shortest exhaust path when thermal runaway occurs, which is A, B, C and D. and.
  • the battery core 3 at the end far away from the inlet 131 of the exhaust channel is the remote battery core 3.
  • the remote battery core 3 has the longest exhaust path when thermal runaway occurs, which is the sum of A, B, C, D and E.
  • the approximate The shortest exhaust path of terminal cell 3 is 5266.5mm, and the farthest exhaust path of remote cell 3 is 7214.66mm.
  • the longest exhaust path can exceed 7 meters, and the shortest exhaust path exceeds 3m, which can greatly The heat exchange area between the high-temperature gas and the box 1 is increased, thereby reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请属于电动车辆技术领域，公开了一种动力电池及电动车辆。该动力电池包括箱体和托盘，所述托盘用于安装电芯，所述托盘设置于所述箱体内，所述托盘的底面与所述箱体围成泄压腔，所述托盘上设置有与所述泄压腔连通的通孔；所述箱体围绕所述箱体的周部设置有排气通道，所述排气通道的一端设置有与所述泄压腔连通的入口，所述排气通道的另一端设置有能与所述箱体外部连通的出口。

Description

动力电池及电动车辆
本申请要求在2022年04月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为202220924658.1的中国专利申请的优先权，以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电动车辆技术领域，例如涉及一种动力电池及电动车辆。
背景技术
近年来，新能源汽车有了飞跃式发展，尤其是以锂电池为动力的新能源汽车。锂电池中圆柱形电芯在动力系统中应用广泛，由于其单体容量小，会导致单串电池数量较多。
圆柱形动力电池中，通过托盘承载多个电芯并置于箱体内，托盘与箱体之间形成有泄压腔。当某个电芯热失控时，电芯的防爆阀打开，电芯内部产生的气体及喷射物进入泄压腔内排出，避免电芯起火或爆炸。由于电芯内部产生气体温度较高，气体直接排出后会导致车身温度失常，容易引燃车身。
发明内容
本申请提供一种动力电池及电动车辆，能够避免动力电池排出气体温度过高而引燃车身。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种动力电池，包括箱体和托盘，所述托盘用于安装电芯，所述托盘设置于所述箱体内，所述托盘的底面与所述箱体围成泄压腔，所述托盘上设置有与所述泄压腔连通的通孔；
所述箱体围绕所述箱体的周部设置有排气通道，所述排气通道的一端设置有与所述泄压腔连通的入口，所述排气通道的另一端设置有能与所述箱体外部连通的出口。
在一实施例中，所述箱体内设置有多个安装腔，每个所述安装腔内均设置有所述托盘和所述泄压腔，每个所述泄压腔均与所述入口连通。
在一实施例中，所述箱体包括：
底板；
多个侧板，围绕所述底板的周向设置并与所述底板连接，所述排气通道至 少在一个所述侧板内延伸。
作为上述动力电池的一种可选方案，左右排布的两个所述侧板内均设置有所述排气通道，且两个所述排气通道均延伸至后侧所述侧板内。
在一实施例中，左右排布的两个所述侧板的前端设置有所述入口，所述出口设置于后侧所述侧板上。
在一实施例中，所述排气通道设置有一个，所述排气通道围绕所述底板的周向由多个所述侧板中的一个内依次延伸至其余所述侧板内。
在一实施例中，所述箱体还包括：
多个支撑梁，交叉设置于所述底板上，并与所述侧板围合形成多个所述安装腔，每个所述安装腔均能与所述排气通道连通。
在一实施例中，多个所述支撑梁包括：
纵梁，沿前后方向延伸，所述纵梁的后端与后侧的所述侧板连接；
第一横梁，沿左右方向延伸，且两端分别与对应的所述侧板连接，所述第一横梁与所述纵梁呈十字排布；
第二横梁，沿左右方向延伸，且两端分别与对应的所述侧板连接，所述第二横梁的中部与所述纵梁的前端连接。
在一实施例中，至少部分所述纵梁与所述底板间隔设置，位于所述纵梁两侧的至少部分所述第一横梁与所述底板间隔设置。
在一实施例中，位于所述纵梁两侧的至少部分所述第一横梁与所述底板间隔设置。
在一实施例中，所述出口处设置有排气阀，所述排气阀被配置为在所述排气通道内的气压达到预设值时打开。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电动车辆，包括上述的动力电池。
本申请的有益效果：
本申请提供的动力电池中，通过围绕在箱体周部的排气通道，能够延长电芯热失控后产生气体的排气路径，增加气体与箱体的换热面积和时间，从而降低排出的气体的温度，避免车身温度失控而被引燃。
本申请提供的电动车辆安全性能好。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的动力电池的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的箱体与托盘装配后的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的箱体的俯视图；
图4是本申请实施例一提供的箱体的剖视图；
图5是本申请实施例一提供的泄压腔内气体流速分布云图；
图6是本申请实施例一提供的泄压腔内气体压力分布云图；
图7是本申请实施例一提供的气体排气路径示意图；
图8是本申请实施例二提供的箱体的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例二提供的箱体的俯视图；
图10是本申请实施例二提供的气体排气路径示意图。
图中：
1、箱体；10、安装腔；11、底板；111、凸包；12、左侧板；13、右侧板；130、入口；131、入口；132、第二顶面；133、第一顶面；14、后侧板；15、前侧板；16、纵梁；17、第一横梁；18、第二横梁；2、托盘；21、通孔；3、电芯；4、排气阀；5、泄压腔；111、排气通道。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能 理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
实施例一
本实施例提供了一种电动车辆，包括动力电池。如图1和图2所示，动力电池包括箱体1和电池模组，电池模组安装于箱体1内。其中，电池模组包括托盘2和设置于托盘2上的多个电芯3，多个电芯3通过托盘2固定，形成模块化结构，方便电池模组的拆装。托盘2上设置有与电芯3的一端正对的通孔21，托盘2的底面与箱体1围成泄压腔5，泄压腔5与通孔21连通。例如，托盘2上的通孔21于电芯3上设置的防爆阀正对，当电芯3热失控时，电芯3一端的防爆阀打开，电芯3内产生的气体及喷射物能通过通孔21进入泄压腔5内，并通过排气口排出，以避免电芯3燃烧或爆炸。此外，通过上述设置，泄压腔5的面积大于通孔21的面积，由电芯3泄压出来的气体通过通孔21迅速排到泄压5腔内，压力减小后再由泄压腔5排出，有利于提高电池模组的安全性能。
为避免电芯3热失控时排出的气体在温度较高的情况下直接排出箱体1外，导致车身温度升高而被引燃，箱体1围绕其周部设置有排气通道111，排气通道的一端设置有与泄压腔5连通的入口131，排气通道的另一端设置有能与箱体1外部连通的出口130。当电芯3热失控时，泄压腔5内的气体由入口131进入排气通道内，气体在排气通道内由入口131所在一端流动至出口所在一端，流动过程中散热，降低由排气通道出口排出的气体的温度，从而避免车身过热而被引燃，提高使用安全性。本实施例中，通过围绕箱体1周部设置的排气通道，能够延长气体的流动路径，从而提高气体在流动过程中的散热效果，进而降低由出口排出的气体的温度。
如图2所示，箱体1包括底板11和多个侧板。多个侧板围绕底板11的周向设置并于底板11连接，排气通道111至少在一个侧板内延伸，以便增加排气通道的长度，延长气体在排气通道内的流动时间，从而降低由出口排出的气体的温度。
本实施例中，底板11大致呈矩形，底板11的前、后、左、右四侧均设置有侧板。为方便介绍，以下称位于底板11的前、后、左、右四侧的侧板分别为前侧板15、后侧板14、左侧板12和右侧板13。
如图2和图3所示，本实施例中左侧板12和右侧板13内均设置有排气通道111，且排气通道向后延伸至后侧板14内。排气通道由左侧板12或右侧板13延伸至后侧板14内，使得排气通道沿箱体1周向包围箱体1的两侧，有利于增加排气通道的长度，从而提高排气通道内气体的散热效果。
本实施例中，箱体1内设置有多个安装腔10，每个安装腔10内均设置有托盘2和泄压腔5，每个泄压腔5均与入口131连通。通过设置多个安装腔10，能够将动力电池内的多个电池分成多个电芯模组，减小每个电芯模组中托盘2上的电芯3数量，降低对每个托盘2的承载能力要求，有利于提高动力电池结构的稳定性。每个安装腔10与托盘2均形成有泄压腔5，每个泄压腔5均与排气通道的入口131连通，能够保证每个电池模组中的电芯3在热失控时产生的气体均能够由入口131进入排气通道，并经过排气通道由出口130排出。
例如，箱体1还包括多个支撑梁，多个支撑梁交叉设置于底板11上，并与侧板围合形成多个安装腔10。通过设置在底板11上的多个支撑梁将箱体1内空间分割为多个安装腔10，以使排气通道位于多个安装腔10的外围，方便多个安装腔10分别与排气通道连通，也有利于排气通道内的气体排出箱体1外。
本实施例中，侧板围成的空间被多个支撑梁分为四个安装腔10，每个安装腔10内均设置有电芯模组。多个支撑梁包括纵梁16、第一横梁17和第二横梁18。纵梁16沿前后方向延伸，纵梁16的后端与后侧板14连接；第一横梁17和第二横梁18均沿左右方向延伸。第一横梁17两端分别与左侧板12和右侧板13连接，且第一横梁17与纵梁16呈十字排布；第二横梁18的两端分别与左侧板12和右侧板13连接，第二横梁18位于第一横梁17的前侧，第二横梁18的中部与纵梁16的前端连接。纵梁16、第一横梁17和第二横梁18呈“干”字形，并与左侧板12、右侧板13和后侧板14围成四个安装腔10。
如图3所示，左侧板12和右侧板13内侧壁的前端设置有入口131，排气通道延伸至后侧板14内的一端设置有出口。位于泄压腔5内的气体的流动路径如图3中虚线箭头所示，由右侧板13(左侧板12)的前端进入，向后流动后经后侧板14上的出口排出。此处需要说明的是，图3仅释出了位于纵梁16右侧区域气体的流动路径，位于纵梁16左侧区域内气体的流动路径与右侧相似，均是由前端入口131进入左侧的排气通道内，再由后侧板14上的出口排出。
本实施例中，通过纵梁16将箱体1内空间分为左右排列的两个区域，每个区域内均有两个安装腔10。对应地，位于纵梁16左侧和右侧均设置有排气通道，能够在延长排气路径的基础上，保证泄压腔5内的气体能够及时进入排气通道内，有利于避免泄压腔5内气压急剧增大。
在一实施例中，至少部分纵梁16可以与底板11间隔设置，以使纵梁16两侧的区域内的泄压腔5连通，保证气体能够及时排出。
在一实施例中，因每侧排气通道的入口131均位于前侧，为了保证内侧区域内远离入口131的泄压腔5内的气体也能通过入口131进入排气通道，位于纵梁16两侧的至少部分第一横梁17与底板11间隔设置，以使第一横梁17和 底板11之间的间隙能够将沿前后方向排列的两个安装腔10连通，以使位于后侧的安装腔10内的气体能够通过底板11和第一横梁17之间的缝隙由前侧的入口131进入排气通道内。
在一实施例中，出口处设置有排气阀4，排气阀4能够在排气通道内的气体压力达到预设值时打开，以将排气通道与箱体1外部连通。
在一实施例中，每个排气通道上可以设置一个排气阀4，也可以设置两个或更多个排气阀4，具体数量可以根据需要设定。
其他实施例中，入口131可以设置在后侧板14上，对应地，出口设置于左侧板12和右侧板13的前端，也可以起到延长排气路径的作用。
如图4所示，底板11上对应第一横梁17的位置间隔设置有多个凸包111，凸包111向箱体1内凸设，凸包111能够与第一横梁17抵接，从而使相邻两个凸包111之间的底板11与第一横梁17间隔设置，以连通前后排列的两个安装腔10。
此外，凸包111还能够起到支撑第一横梁17，提高第一横梁17稳定性，以及增加底板11强度，提高箱体1承载能力的作用。
在一实施例中，纵梁16、第一横梁17和第二横梁18均可以为中空结构，以减轻重量，减小底板11的受力，提高动力电池的可靠性。
在一实施例中，左侧板12、右侧板13和后侧板14均为台阶结构，如图4所示，以右侧板13为例，右侧板13包括高度不同的第一顶面133和第二顶面132，第一顶面133位于第二顶面132的外侧，且高度高于第二顶面132，第二顶面132与支撑梁的顶面平齐，第二顶面132和支撑梁的顶面形成环形的安装面，环形的安装面围绕托盘2周向设置，且用于支撑托盘2的底部边缘。通过设置安装面，能够提高对托盘2的固定效果，且能够保证托盘2与底板11间隔设置，从而形成泄压腔5。
在一实施例中，侧板内可以设置有加强筋，加强筋能够在保证侧板内部能够形成排气通道的基础上，改善侧板的强度，以更好地支撑固定托盘2。
选择远离排气通道的入口131处相邻的七个电芯3同时热失控为例，当电芯3热失控时，泄压腔5内的气体流速分布云图和压力分布云图分别如图5和图6所示。如图5可知，泄压腔5内气体流速较均匀，排气通道内的流速基本大于泄压腔5内流速，能在满足换热基础上及时将气体排出。如图6可知，存在电芯3热失控泄压腔5内气压稍大于其他泄压腔5内气压，整体维持在10千帕左右。
如图7所示，本实施例中，靠近排气通道的入口131的电芯3为近端电芯3， 近端电芯3在发生热失控时的排气路径最短，其为L和M的和。远离排气通道的入口131端的电芯3为远端电芯3，远端电芯3在发生热失控时的排气路径最长，其为L、M和N的和。
示例性地，以箱体1内共安装有180个圆柱电芯3为例，L为1615mm，M为110mm，N为1635mm，则近端电芯3的排气路径为1725mm，远端电芯3的排气路径为3360mm，最长的排气路径可以超过3米以上，可以极大地增加高温气体与箱体1的换热面积，从而降低排出气体的温度。
本申请实施例提供的动力电池，通过围绕在箱体周部的排气通道，能够延长电芯热失控后产生气体的排气路径，增加气体与箱体的换热面积和时间，从而降低排出的气体的温度，避免车身温度失控而被引燃。
实施例二
本实施例提供了一种电动车辆，包括动力电池。本实施例中动力电池的结构与实施例一大致相同，区别在于排气通道的具体设置。如图8和图9所示，本实施例中，排气通道设置有一个，排气通道围绕底板11的周向由多个侧板中的一个内依次延伸至其余侧板内。即本实施例中的排气通道经过箱体1的各个侧板，形成超长排气通道，使电芯3热失控产生的气体大致环绕底板11一周后再排出，有利于提高气体的散热效果。气体的流动路径如图9中虚线箭头所示。
本实施例中，入口131设置在右侧板13内侧面的前端，出口设置在前侧板15上。进入排气通道内的气体需要由右侧板13的前端向后流动至后侧板14、由后侧板14的右端流动至左端、由左侧板12的后端流向前端，最后由前侧板15上的出口排出。
因多个泄压腔5共用一个排气通道，本实施例中，至少部分纵梁16与底板11间隔设置，至少部分第一横梁17与底板11间隔设置，从而使多个安装腔10均为连通状态，任一个安装腔10内电芯3热失控产生的气体均能够通过右侧板13上的入口131进入排气通道内。
如图10所示，靠近排气通道的入口131的电芯3为近端电芯3，近端电芯3在发生热失控时的排气路径最短，其为A、B、C和D的和。远离排气通道的入口131端的电芯3为远端电芯3，远端电芯3在发生热失控时的排气路径最长，其为A、B、C、D和E的和。
示例性地，以箱体1内共安装有180个圆柱电芯3为例，A为1690mm，B为1277mm，C为2036mm，D为263.5mm，E为1948.16mm，F为1013.5mm，则近端电芯3的最短排气路径为5266.5mm，远端电芯3的最远排气路径为7214.66mm，最长的排气路径可以超过7米以上，最短排气路径超过3m，可以 极大地增加高温气体与箱体1的换热面积，从而降低排出气体的温度。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种动力电池，包括箱体(1)和托盘(2)，所述托盘(2)用于安装电芯(3)，所述托盘(2)设置于所述箱体(1)内，所述托盘(2)的底面与所述箱体(1)围成泄压腔(5)，所述托盘(2)上设置有与所述泄压腔(5)连通的通孔(21)；
    所述箱体(1)围绕所述箱体(1)的周部设置有排气通道(111)，所述排气通道(111)的一端设置有与所述泄压腔(5)连通的入口(131)，所述排气通道(111)的另一端设置有能与所述箱体(1)外部连通的出口(130)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池，其中，所述箱体(1)内设置有多个安装腔(10)，每个所述安装腔(10)内分别设置有所述托盘(2)和所述泄压腔(5)，每个所述泄压腔(5)分别与所述入口(131)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的动力电池，其中，所述箱体(1)包括：
    底板(11)；
    多个侧板，围绕所述底板(11)的周向设置并与所述底板(11)连接，所述排气通道(111)至少在所述多个侧板中的一个侧板内延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的动力电池，其中，左右排布的两个所述侧板内分别设置有所述排气通道(111)，且两个所述排气通道(111)分别延伸至后侧所述侧板内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的动力电池，其中，左右排布的两个所述侧板的前端设置有所述入口(131)，所述出口(130)设置于后侧所述侧板上。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的动力电池，其中，所述排气通道(111)设置有一个，所述排气通道(111)围绕所述底板(11)的周向由多个所述侧板中的一个内依次延伸至其余所述侧板内。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的动力电池，其中，所述箱体(1)还包括：
    多个支撑梁，交叉设置于所述底板(11)上，并与所述多个侧板围合形成多个所述安装腔(10)，每个所述安装腔(10)分别能与所述排气通道(111)连通。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的动力电池，其中，多个所述支撑梁包括：
    纵梁(16)，沿前后方向延伸，所述纵梁(16)的后端与后侧的所述侧板连接；
    第一横梁(17)，沿左右方向延伸，且两端分别与对应的所述侧板连接，所述第一横梁(17)与所述纵梁(16)呈十字排布；
    第二横梁(18)，沿左右方向延伸，且两端分别与对应的所述侧板连接，所述第二横梁(18)的中部与所述纵梁(16)的前端连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的动力电池，其中，至少部分所述纵梁(16)与所述底板(11)间隔设置，位于所述纵梁(16)两侧的至少部分所述第一横梁(17)与所述底板(11)间隔设置。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的动力电池，其中，位于所述纵梁(16)两侧的至少部分所述第一横梁(17)与所述底板(11)间隔设置。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的动力电池，其中，所述出口(130)处设置有排气阀(4)，所述排气阀(4)被配置为在所述排气通道(111)内的气压达到预设值时打开。
  12. 一种电动车辆，包括如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的动力电池。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电动车辆，还包括：多个电芯(3)，所述多个电芯(3)设置于所述动力电池的托盘(2)上。
PCT/CN2022/125357 2022-04-20 2022-10-14 动力电池及电动车辆 WO2023202007A1 (zh)

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