WO2023273886A1 - 一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273886A1
WO2023273886A1 PCT/CN2022/098903 CN2022098903W WO2023273886A1 WO 2023273886 A1 WO2023273886 A1 WO 2023273886A1 CN 2022098903 W CN2022098903 W CN 2022098903W WO 2023273886 A1 WO2023273886 A1 WO 2023273886A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust
battery pack
battery
exhaust device
lower box
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098903
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹永强
梁宏伟
刘崇威
李岩
Original Assignee
长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长城汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 长城汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023273886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273886A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery pack lower box, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • One of the objectives of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a battery pack lower case, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • a battery pack lower box including a lower box main body, the lower box main body includes a side beam frame, a bottom guard plate and an internal beam, and the lower box main body is divided into a plurality of battery accommodation chambers for accommodating battery modules, the side beam frame has an air intake hole, an exhaust channel and an exhaust hole, and the air intake hole communicates with the exhaust hole through the exhaust channel, The air intake hole is used to introduce the gas fire flow generated when the battery module is thermally out of control into the exhaust channel, and the exhaust hole is used to discharge the gas fire flow flowing to the exhaust hole through the exhaust channel.
  • the lower box main body has a plurality of exhaust holes.
  • the exhaust hole is provided with an exhaust device, and the exhaust device is opened at a corresponding pressure threshold to realize rapid discharge of the gas-fire flow.
  • the exhaust device is provided with at least two types with different pressure thresholds.
  • the exhaust device is provided with a main exhaust device and an auxiliary exhaust device, the pressure threshold of the main exhaust device is lower than the pressure threshold of the auxiliary exhaust device, and the main exhaust device and the auxiliary exhaust device The device is arranged on different beams of the side beam frame.
  • the side beam frame includes side beams, end beams, protrusion side beams and protrusion beams, the protrusion side beams and the protrusion beams form a housing for high and low voltage electrical components
  • the high and low voltage electrical components are electrically connected to the battery module, and the end beams and the side beams of the protruding part are provided with exhaust holes.
  • the main exhaust device is arranged on the end beam, and the auxiliary exhaust device is arranged on the side beam and/or the protrusion side beam.
  • the opening area of the exhaust hole corresponding to the main exhaust device is greater than or equal to the opening area of the exhaust hole corresponding to the auxiliary exhaust device.
  • the air intake hole is circular, oval, quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal or octagonal.
  • a battery pack using the above battery pack lower case is provided.
  • a vehicle using the above battery pack is provided.
  • the beneficial effect of the battery pack lower box body is that the battery pack lower box body includes a side beam frame, a bottom guard plate and an internal beam, and the lower box body is divided into multiple parts by the internal beam for accommodating batteries.
  • the battery housing cavity of the module, the side beam frame has an air intake hole, an exhaust channel and an exhaust hole. The gas and fire flow is introduced into the exhaust channel, and the exhaust hole is used to discharge the gas and fire flow flowing to the exhaust hole through the exhaust channel to the lower box body.
  • the beneficial effect of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application is that the battery pack adopts a multi-point cascade explosion-proof design, and the lower box is provided with multiple vent holes, and vent devices with different pressure thresholds.
  • the battery thermal runaway occurs, it will first reach The pressure threshold of the main exhaust device.
  • the main exhaust device first opens the pressure relief. If several cells inside the battery pack are thermally out of control at the same time, the pressure in the pack will rise sharply, exceeding the explosion-proof capability of the main exhaust device.
  • the gas device opens to release the pressure.
  • the beneficial effect of the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present application is that the vehicle uses the above-mentioned battery pack, the battery pack adopts a multi-point cascade explosion-proof design, and the lower box is provided with multiple exhaust holes and exhaust devices with different pressure thresholds. After the runaway, the pressure threshold of the main exhaust device is first reached, and the main exhaust device first turns on the pressure relief. If several cells inside the battery pack are thermally out of control at the same time, the pressure in the battery pack will rise sharply, exceeding the exhaust pressure of the main exhaust device. Explosive capacity, the auxiliary exhaust device is opened to release pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the lower case of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the Y-direction section of the edge beam provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the air intake hole of the edge beam provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of place A in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of place B in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of place C in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a Y-direction cross-section of a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view at F in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a commutation path provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • front in this application refers to the direction from the rear of the vehicle to the front of the vehicle, otherwise it is “rear”, and the front and rear directions are parallel to the X axis;
  • upper refers to the direction from the bottom of the vehicle to the top of the vehicle. direction, otherwise it is “down”, the up and down direction is parallel to the Z axis.
  • the parallel to the X axis (X direction), Z axis (Z direction), and Y axis (Y direction) mentioned in this application may be completely parallel to the X axis (X direction), Z axis (Z direction), Y axis (Y direction), can also be roughly parallel to X axis (X direction), Z axis (Z direction), Y axis (Y direction); about perpendicular to X axis (X direction), Z axis (Z direction) ,
  • the description of the Y axis (Y direction) is similar to the aforementioned parallel description, and will not be repeated here; the descriptions along the X axis (X direction), Z axis (Z direction), and Y axis (Y direction) are the same as the aforementioned parallel The description is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the application provides a battery pack lower box 1 and a battery pack with the battery pack lower box 1, the battery pack mainly includes the battery pack lower box 1, a battery module 2, high and low voltage electrical Part 3 and top cover 4.
  • the upper cover 4 and the battery pack lower box 1 are hermetically connected, and several battery modules 2 are accommodated in the accommodation space formed after the upper cover 4 and the battery pack lower box 1 are connected.
  • the battery modules 2 include several battery cells 211 and
  • the protective cover 22 is provided with an explosion-proof port.
  • the upper cover 4 is preferably formed by stamping technology of high-strength, high-temperature-resistant materials, so as to prevent the upper cover from failing early when the battery is thermally out of control, and avoid harmful gases or flames from erupting upward into the cockpit, causing personal safety accidents.
  • the battery pack lower box 1 includes a lower box body 100
  • the lower box body 100 includes a side beam frame 10, a bottom guard plate 16 and an internal beam
  • the side beam frame 10 includes a side beam 11 and an end beam12.
  • the upper cover 4 and the lower box body 1 of the battery pack are formed with protruding parts in a plan view, and the protruding parts of the upper cover 4 and the lower box body 1 of the battery pack cooperate with each other to form a housing for high and low voltage electrical appliances.
  • the accommodating space of the component 3 , the side beam frame 10 includes a side beam 11 , an end beam 12 , a protrusion side beam 13 and a protrusion beam 14 .
  • the internal beam 15 divides the side beam frame 10 into several battery accommodation chambers for arranging the battery module 2 and other components.
  • the battery accommodation chamber can be expanded and designed according to actual needs, and the number and size of the battery accommodation chambers can be adjusted according to actual projects.
  • One, two or more battery modules 2 can be arranged in an independent battery containing chamber.
  • the internal crossbeam 15 acts as a physical isolation between the battery chambers. If thermal runaway occurs in a single battery chamber, it can prevent the gas and fire flow generated after the thermal runaway from forming a serious cross-flow in the battery pack and causing the thermal runaway to spread. .
  • the battery module 2 is stacked by several battery cells 211 and several heat-resistant and impact-resistant insulation materials 212. 213 and the output pole of the battery cell 211 are connected by laser welding process.
  • the battery cell 211 includes an explosion-proof valve (not shown in the figure), which is used to release the pressure after the battery cell 211 is thermally out of control.
  • the protective cover 22 is equipped with The explosion-proof port, and the explosion-proof port and the explosion-proof valve are set directly to discharge the gas and fire flow generated by the thermal runaway battery to reduce the residual temperature of the thermal runaway.
  • the side beam frames 10 all adopt a hollow cavity structure. Through the splicing of each side beam frame 10, a sealed and continuous exhaust channel is formed.
  • the exhaust channel in the cavity of the side beam frame 10 can be divided into one or more layers according to the Z direction. multiple layers.
  • the hollow cavity of the side beam frame 10 is provided with reinforcing ribs, which can realize different numbers of exhaust passages. Exhaust passages with different numbers and cross-sectional shapes all belong to the scope of consideration of this application, such as the word " ⁇ ".
  • the air intake holes 111 are provided on the side of the side beam 11 and the battery compartment, and the air intake holes 111 communicate with the exhaust passages 112. Exhaust passages of different numbers and shapes belong to the present invention. Application for consideration.
  • the air intake hole 111 in order to realize the heat flow distribution of the gas-fire flow, can be divided into multiple layers according to the Z direction, and the number of layers of the air intake hole 111 is greater than or equal to the number of layers of the exhaust channel 112, that is, each row
  • the air passage 112 corresponds to at least one layer of air intake holes 111 .
  • the top air intake hole 111a communicates with the top exhaust passage 112a
  • the middle air intake hole 111b communicates with the middle exhaust passage 112b
  • the bottom air intake The air hole 111c communicates with the bottom exhaust channel 112c.
  • the design of the air inlet 111 is not limited to the circular structure shown in this application, and can be oblong, quadrangular, hexagonal, octagonal, etc.
  • the position of the air inlet 111 is evenly arranged according to the principle of balanced flow distribution , to prevent exhaust dead zone.
  • the top-layer air intake hole 111a corresponding to the top-layer exhaust channel 112a closest to the upper cover 4 adopts a dispersed small hole design, and the number of corresponding top-layer air intake holes 111a in each battery containing cavity is not less than two
  • the number of air intake holes 111a on the top layer is not limited to two as shown in the figure in this application. The figure is only for illustration, and there may be more air intake holes .
  • each layer of air intake holes 111 can be designed to be multiple, but the number of top layer air intake holes 111a connected to the top layer of exhaust channels 112a is at least not less than the number of exhaust channels 112 connected to it below.
  • the number of air intake holes 111 can be designed to be multiple, but the number of top layer air intake holes 111a connected to the top layer of exhaust channels 112a is at least not less than the number of exhaust channels 112 connected to it below. The number of air intake holes 111.
  • the opening area of the air intake hole 111b in the middle layer is larger than the opening area of the air intake hole 111c in the bottom layer, and the opening area of the air intake hole 111c in the bottom layer Larger than the opening area of the air inlet hole 111a on the top layer.
  • an exhaust channel and an air intake hole are provided inside the internal beam 15, and the exhaust channel of the internal beam 15 communicates with the exhaust channel of the side beam 11.
  • Beam also can be arranged on the end beam 12.
  • the side beam frame 10 is provided with an exhaust hole at the position where it communicates with the outside world.
  • the gas and fire flow generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 2 can be discharged through various exhaust channels through the exhaust holes.
  • the exhaust holes can be selectively set on the side beam frame 10 one or more.
  • the exhaust holes integrated on the end beam 12 and the protruding side beam 13 are taken as an example for illustration, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • an exhaust device on the exhaust hole, and the exhaust device can only be opened under a certain pressure, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas fire flow in the exhaust passage can be quickly discharged from the exhaust device.
  • the exhaust device uses an explosion-proof valve. Under normal working conditions, the explosion-proof valve can play the role of dustproof and waterproof and balance the internal and external pressure of the battery pack.
  • the multiple exhaust devices can be divided into a main exhaust device 5 and a secondary exhaust device 6.
  • the main exhaust device 5 The start-up pressure threshold of the battery module 2 is lower than the start-up pressure threshold of the auxiliary exhaust device 6.
  • the main exhaust device 5 starts when its pressure threshold is reached, forming a smooth channel to discharge the gas and fire flow to the outside of the battery pack , to achieve the purpose of rapid pressure relief. If a higher pressure is generated in the battery pack instantly, it will exceed the maximum pressure relief capacity of the main exhaust device 5.
  • the auxiliary exhaust device 6 When the increased pressure reaches the pressure threshold of the auxiliary exhaust device 6, the auxiliary exhaust device 6 will be activated to quickly release the pressure. , to ensure that the battery pack does not catch fire and explode.
  • the different installation positions of the main exhaust device 5 and the auxiliary exhaust device 6 all belong to the scope of consideration of the present application.
  • the main exhaust device 5 is arranged on the end beam 12
  • the auxiliary exhaust device 6 is arranged on the side beam 11 and/or the protrusion side beam 13 .
  • the opening area of the main exhaust device 5 corresponding to the exhaust hole is greater than or equal to the opening area of the auxiliary exhaust device 6 corresponding to the exhaust hole.
  • several installation points 151 and several grooves 152 are provided on the internal beam 15 . connected to elevate the modality of the battery pack.
  • the groove 152 and the upper cover 4 form a commutation and heat dissipation channel 106 that can realize gas exchange in adjacent battery housing chambers.
  • the lower edge of the groove 152 is higher than the protective cover 22 of the battery module 2 to prevent the eruption from being sprayed directly when the battery is thermally out of control. To the battery module 2, causing thermal runaway to spread.
  • gaps are provided at both ends of the internal cross beam 15 to form a passing space with the side beam 11 for connection to high-voltage busbars.
  • the high-voltage busbars are protected by insulating and high-temperature-resistant materials.
  • the passing space forms a heat exchange and heat dissipation channel 102 that can realize gas exchange between adjacent battery accommodation chambers when thermal runaway occurs.
  • a middle groove is provided in the middle of the internal beam 15, and the middle groove and the upper cover 4 form a passing space for accommodating low-voltage wires.
  • the low-voltage wires are also protected by insulating and high-temperature resistant materials to prevent high-temperature
  • the passing space forms a heat dissipation channel 104 when the heat is out of control.
  • the commutation and heat dissipation channel 106 formed by the gap and the commutation and heat dissipation channel 104 formed by the middle groove also play the role of commutation and heat dissipation when the battery heat is out of control, and are used to dissipate the gas fire flow inside a certain battery chamber and balance the battery pack internal temperature.
  • a liquid cooling plate 17 is provided at the bottom of the battery module 2 , and the liquid cooling plate 17 is integrated inside the lower case 1 of the battery pack.
  • several recesses are formed at the end of the liquid cooling plate 17, and through holes are formed with the inner side of the side beam 11 after installation, forming a space between the upper space of the liquid cooling plate 17 and the lower space of the liquid cooling plate 17 to realize gas exchange.
  • the heat dissipation channel 101 for the exchange flow.
  • a through hole is formed in the middle of the liquid cooling plate 17 to form a flow exchange and cooling channel 103 for gas exchange between the upper space of the liquid cooling plate 17 and the lower space of the liquid cooling plate 17 .
  • the through holes of the liquid cooling plate 17 are located at the centerline of the liquid cooling plate 17 .
  • the through hole of the liquid cooling plate 17 is oblong.
  • the bottom of the liquid-cooled plate 17 is provided with a bottom guard plate 16, and the exchange heat dissipation channel 105 is formed between the bottom guard plate 16 and the liquid cold plate 17, and the exchange heat dissipation channel 105 communicates with the exchange heat dissipation channel 101 (or the exchange heat dissipation channel 103) , and communicate with the exhaust channel of the side beam 11 at the same time, so as to realize the communication of the exhaust channel 112 of the opposite side beam 11 through the exchange and heat dissipation channel 105 .
  • Figure 10 shows the commutation path in the battery pack.
  • the erupted gas fire flow will be evacuated on the top of the battery module 2 through the commutation heat dissipation channel 102 (or the commutation heat dissipation channel 104 or the commutation heat dissipation channel 106), and the X-direction commutation and heat dissipation will be carried out.
  • the path is a1 ⁇ a5 as shown in Figure 8; at the same time, the commutation and heat dissipation is carried out along the Z direction on both sides and the middle of the battery module 2 through the commutation and heat dissipation channel 101 (or the commutation and heat dissipation channel 103), and the commutation path is shown in Figure 10 b1 ⁇ b3 shown in Figure 10; at the same time, the commutation and heat dissipation is carried out along the Y direction at the bottom of the battery module 2 through the commutation and heat dissipation channel 105. Finally, it enters the exhaust channel in the side beam frame 10, and then is discharged out of the lower box of the battery pack through the exhaust hole.
  • the high-temperature gas and fire flow generated after a cell unit 211 of the battery pack is thermally out of control is dispersed to multiple battery accommodation chambers, and then through the vent holes on the side beam frame 10 to realize directional detonation, convection and heat dissipation
  • the design can not only balance the temperature in the battery pack, but also reduce the damage to the box caused by the high local temperature in a certain battery storage cavity, and prevent the thermal runaway spread caused by the high local temperature of a certain battery storage cavity.
  • the battery pack according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application includes the battery pack lower case 1 in the above embodiments and the battery module 2 disposed in the battery containing chamber.
  • a vehicle according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present application includes the battery pack in the above embodiments.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “exemplary embodiments,” “example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” are intended to mean that the implementation A specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.
  • schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池包下箱体（1），包括边梁框架（10）、底护板（16）和内部横梁（15），边梁框架（10）具有进气孔（111）、排气通道（112）和排气孔，进气孔（111）通过排气通道（112）与排气孔连通，进气孔（111）用于将电池模组（2）热失控时产生的气火流引入排气通道（112），排气孔用于将经由排气通道（112）流至排气孔的气火流排出下箱体主体（100），排气孔设置为多个。本申请的电池包下箱体可以对排气压力有效分解，提高定向排爆的灵活性，防止电池模组热失控后发生爆炸。本申请还提供了一种电池包和车辆。

Description

一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆
本申请要求于2021年06月28日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202110720795.3、发明名称为“一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆。
 背景技术
随着世界对新能源汽车产业发展的规划和支持，电动汽车越来越普及，但是电池的安全性成为行业痛点。自2019年至2020年底累计发生电动汽车电池热失控导致车辆起火事故的数量呈快速上升趋势。目前的电动汽车用动力蓄电池的安全标准中，要求电池包在由于单个电池热失控引起热扩散、进而导致乘员舱发生危险之前5min应提供报警和防护，电池包热失控不起火、不爆炸技术成为解决行业痛点、难点问题。
 技术问题
本申请实施例的目的之一在于：提供一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆。
 技术解决方案
本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，提供了一种电池包下箱体，包括下箱体主体，下箱体主体包括边梁框架、底护板和内部横梁，通过所述内部横梁将所述下箱体主体分隔成多个用于容纳电池模组的电池容纳腔，所述边梁框架具有进气孔、排气通道和排气孔，所述进气孔通过所述排气通道与所述排气孔连通，所述进气孔用于将电池模组热失控时产生的气火流引入排气通道，所述排气孔用于将经由排气通道流至所述排气孔的气火流排出所述下箱体主体，所述排气孔设置为多个。
在一个实施例中，所述排气孔设置有排气装置，所述排气装置在相应的压力阈值下开启，实现气火流的快速排出。
在一个实施例中，所述排气装置设置有压力阈值不同的至少两种。
在一个实施例中，所述排气装置设置有主排气装置和副排气装置，所述主排气装置的压力阈值低于副排气装置的压力阈值，主排气装置和副排气装置设置在所述边梁框架不同的梁上。
在一个实施例中，所述边梁框架包括边梁、端部横梁、凸出部边梁和凸出部横梁，所述凸出部边梁和所述凸出部横梁形成容纳高低压电气部件的空间，所述高低压电气部件与所述电池模组电连接，所述端部横梁和所述凸出部边梁上设置有排气孔。
在一个实施例中，所述主排气装置设置在端部横梁上，所述副排气装置设置在边梁和/或凸出部边梁上。
在一个实施例中，所述主排气装置对应的排气孔的开口面积大于或等于副排气装置对应的排气孔的开口面积。
在一个实施例中，所述进气孔为圆形、长圆型、四边形、五边形、六边形或八边形。
第二方面，提供一种应用上述电池包下箱体的电池包。
第三方面，提供一种应用上述电池包的车辆。
 有益效果
本申请实施例提供的电池包下箱体的有益效果在于：本电池包下箱体包括边梁框架、底护板和内部横梁，通过内部横梁将下箱体主体分隔成多个用于容纳电池模组的电池容纳腔，边梁框架具有进气孔、排气通道和排气孔，进气孔通过排气通道与排气孔连通，进气孔用于将电池模组热失控时产生的气火流引入排气通道，排气孔用于将经由排气通道流至排气孔的气火流排出下箱体主体。
本申请实施例提供的电池包的有益效果在于：本电池包采用多点梯级防爆设计，下箱体设置多个排气孔，不同压力阈值的排气装置，当电池发生热失控后，首先达到主排气装置的压力阈值，主排气装置首先开启泄压，若电池包内部几个电芯同时热失控，包内的压力会急剧升高，超出主排气装置的排爆能力，副排气装置开启泄压。
本申请实施例提供的车辆的有益效果在于：本车辆应用上述电池包，电池包采用多点梯级防爆设计，下箱体设置多个排气孔，不同压力阈值的排气装置，当电池发生热失控后，首先达到主排气装置的压力阈值，主排气装置首先开启泄压，若电池包内部几个电芯同时热失控，包内的压力会急剧升高，超出主排气装置的排爆能力，副排气装置开启泄压。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的电池包的爆炸图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电池包下箱体的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的边梁的Y向截面的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的边梁进气孔的结构示意图；
图5是图2中A处的局部放大图；
图6是图2中B处的局部放大图；
图7是图2中C处的局部放大图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的电池包的Y向截面的结构示意图；
图9是图8中F处的局部放大图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的换流路径示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、电池包下箱体；2、电池模组；3、高低压电气部件；4、上盖；5、主排气装置；6、副排气装置；100、下箱体主体；10、边梁框架；11、边梁；12、端部横梁；13、凸出部边梁；14、凸出部横梁；15、内部横梁；16、底护板；17、液冷板；111、进气孔；111a、顶层进气孔；111b、中间层进气孔；111c、底层进气孔；112、排气通道；112a、顶层排气通道；112b、中间层排气通道；112c、底层排气通道；151、安装点；152、凹槽；211、电芯单体；212、隔热材料；213、汇流排；22、防护罩；101/102/103/104/105/106、换流散热通道。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需说明的是，本申请中的术语“前”指的是从车尾到车头的方向，反之则为“后”，前后方向平行于X轴；术语“上”为从车底到车顶的方向，反之则为“下”，上下方向平行于Z轴。另外，本申请的提及的平行于X轴（X向）、Z轴（Z向）、Y轴（Y向），可以是完全平行于X轴（X向）、Z轴（Z向）、Y轴（Y向），也可以是大致平行于X轴（X向）、Z轴（Z向）、Y轴（Y向）；关于垂直于X轴（X向）、Z轴（Z向）、Y轴（Y向）的描述与前述平行的描述类似，在此不再赘述；关于沿X轴（X向）、Z轴（Z向）、Y轴（Y向）的描述与前述平行的描述类似，在此不再赘述。
为了说明本申请所提供的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
下面将参考附图1-10并结合实施方式来详细说明本申请。
参照图1所示，本申请提供了一种电池包下箱体1和具有该电池包下箱体1的电池包，电池包主要包含电池包下箱体1、电池模组2、高低压电气部件3和上盖4。
上盖4和电池包下箱体1密封连接，若干电池模组2容纳于上盖4和电池包下箱体1连接后形成的容纳空间中，电池模组2包括若干电芯单体211和防护罩22，防护罩22上设有防爆口。上盖4优选采用高强度、耐高温材料冲压工艺成型，防止电池热失控时上盖提前失效，避免有害气体或者火焰向上喷发进入座舱，造成人身安全事故。
如图2所示，电池包下箱体1包括下箱体主体100，下箱体主体100包括边梁框架10、底护板16和内部横梁15，边梁框架10包括边梁11和端部横梁12。在一些实施实施方式中，上盖4和电池包下箱体1在俯视角度均形成有凸出部，且上盖4和电池包下箱体1的凸出部相互配合，形成容纳高低压电气部件3的容纳空间，边梁框架10包括边梁11、端部横梁12、凸出部边梁13和凸出部横梁14。
内部横梁15将边梁框架10分割成若干电池容纳腔，用于布置电池模组2及其它部件，电池容纳腔可以根据实际需要进行扩展设计，电池容纳腔数量和尺寸根据实际项目可以进行调整，一个独立的电池容纳腔可布置一个、两个或者更多的电池模组2。内部横梁15对各电池容纳腔之间起到物理隔离作用，若单个电池容纳腔内发生热失控，可避免热失控后产生的气火流在电池包内形成严重的串流导致热失控扩散蔓延。
在一些实施方式中，如图9所示，电池模组2由若干电芯单体211、若干耐高温抗冲击隔热材料212堆叠而成，顶部包含汇流排213和单体采集部件，汇流排213与电芯单体211的输出极柱采用激光焊接工艺连接，电芯单体211包含防爆阀（图示未展示），用于电芯单体211热失控后泄压，防护罩22设有排爆口，并且排爆口与防爆阀正对设置，用于热失控电池产生的气火流向外排出，降低热失控残留温度。
边梁框架10均采用中空腔体结构，通过各边梁框架10的拼接，形成密封且连续的排气通道，排气通道在边梁框架10的腔体内按Z向可被分为一层或多层。在一些实施方式中，边梁框架10的中空腔体内设置有加强筋，可实现不同数量的排气通道，不同数量和截面形状的排气通道均属于本申请的考虑范围，如“日“字截面、”田“字截面等，本申请以“目“字型三个排气通道为例进行阐述说明，如图3所示，以边梁11为例，边梁11内分为顶层排气通道112a、中间层排气通道112b、底层排气通道112c。
在一些实施方式中，如图4所示，边梁11和在电池舱侧设有若干进气孔111，进气孔111与排气通道112连通，不同数量和形状的排气通道均属于本申请考虑范围。在一些实施方式中，为实现气火流的热流分配，进气孔111按Z向可分为多层，进气孔111的层数大于或等于排气通道112的层数，即每个排气通道112至少对应有一层进气孔111。以“目“字型三个排气通道为例，如图4所示，顶层进气孔111a与顶层排气通道112a连通，中间层进气孔111b与中间层排气通道112b连通，底层进气孔111c与底层排气通道112c连通。
在一些实施方式中，进气孔111设计不局限本申请示意的圆形结构，可以是长圆型、四边形、六边形、八边形等，进气孔111位置根据流量均衡分配原则进行均匀布置，防止出现排气死区。
在一些实施方式中，最靠近上盖4的顶层排气通道112a对应的顶层进气孔111a采用分散小孔设计，在每个电池容纳腔中对应的顶层进气孔111a数量不少于两个，防止某电池模组2热失控时，边梁框架10被冲击破坏，顶层进气孔111a的数量不局限本申请图示两个，图示仅仅是说明示意，可以是更多的进气孔。针对电池模组2的不同设计形态，各层进气孔111均可设计为多个，但顶层排气通道112a连接的顶层进气孔111a的数量至少不小于其下各排气通道112连接的进气孔111的数量。
在一些实施方式中，为均衡进气孔111的流量，达到快速疏导和散失的作用，中间层进气孔111b的开口面积大于底层进气孔111c的开口面积，底层进气孔111c的开口面积大于顶层进气孔111a的开口面积。
在一些实施方式中，内部横梁15内部设置排气通道和进气孔，且内部横梁15的排气通道与边梁11的排气通道连通，进气孔不局限本申请示意的仅设置在边梁上，也可以设置在端部横梁12上。
边梁框架10与外界连通位置设置有排气孔，电池模组2热失控产生的气火流能够通过各路排气通道经过排气孔排出，排气孔可在边梁框架10上选择设置一个或多个。本申请以端部横梁12和凸出部边梁13上集成排气孔为例进行阐述说明，如图2所示。
在一些实施方式中，如图1所示，优选在排气孔上设置排气装置，排气装置在一定压力下才可开启，使排气通道内高温高压的气火流从排气装置快速排出到电池包外部空间。优选地，排气装置使用防爆阀，正常工况下，防爆阀可起到防尘防水和平衡电池包内外部压力的作用。
在一些实施方式中，如图2所示，排气装置在选择设置多个的情况下，可将多个排气装置分为主排气装置5和副排气装置6，主排气装置5的启动压力阈值低于副排气装置6的启动压力阈值，当某电池模组2发生热失控时，产生的气火流沿电池模组2的电池容纳腔两侧的进气孔111进入对应的排气通道112，经过边梁框架10连续的排气通道112到达主排气装置5位置，主排气装置5在达到其压力阈值时启动，形成流畅的通道将气火流排出电池包外部，达到快速泄压的目的。若电池包内瞬间产生更高的压力，会超出主排气装置5的最大泄压能力，当升高的压力达到副排气装置6的压力阈值时，副排气装置6启动，快速泄压，确保电池包不发生起火爆炸现象。主排气装置5和副排气装置6的不同设置位置均属于本申请的考虑范围。优选地，主排气装置5设置在端部横梁12上，副排气装置6设置在边梁11和/或凸出部边梁13上。优选地，主排气装置5对应排气孔的开口面积大于或等于副排气装置6对应排气孔的开口面积。
在一些实施方式中，如图5所示，内部横梁15上设有若干安装点151和若干凹槽152，优选地，凹槽152与安装点151间隔设置，安装点151用于与上盖4连接，可提升电池包的模态。凹槽152与上盖4形成可实现相邻电池容纳腔气体交换的换流散热通道106，凹槽152的下沿高于电池模组2的防护罩22，防止电池热失控时喷发物直接喷向电池模组2，致使热失控扩散。
在一些实施方式中，如图6所示，内部横梁15的两端部设有缺口，与边梁11之间形成通过空间，用于高压汇流排连接，高压汇流排采用绝缘耐高温材料进行防护，防止电池热失控后绝缘失效，该通过空间在热失控时，形成可实现相邻电池容纳腔气体交换的换流散热通道102。优选地，如图7所示，内部横梁15中间设有中间凹槽，中间凹槽与上盖4形成通过空间，用于容纳低压线，同样低压线也采用绝缘耐高温材料进行防护，防止高温绝缘失效，该通过空间在热失控时，形成换流散热通道104。缺口形成的换流散热通道106和中间凹槽形成的换流散热通道104在电池热失控时，同时起到换流散热的作用，用于散失某电池容纳腔内部的气火流和均衡电池包内部温度。
在一些实施方式中，如图8所示，电池模组2底部设有液冷板17，液冷板17集成在电池包下箱体1的内部。在一些实施方式中，液冷板17端部形成有若干凹部，在安装后与边梁11内侧面形成有通孔，形成液冷板17上部空间与液冷板17下部空间可实现气体交换的换流散热通道101。在一些实施方式中，液冷板17中间形成有通孔，形成液冷板17上部空间与液冷板17下部空间可实现气体交换的换流散热通道103。优选地，液冷板17的通孔的位于所述液冷板17的中线位置。优选地，液冷板17的通孔为长圆形。液冷板17底部设有底护板16，底护板16和液冷板17之间形成换流散热通道105，换流散热通道105与换流散热通道101（或换流散热通道103）连通，同时与边梁11的排气通道连通，实现相对边梁11的排气通道112通过换流散热通道105的连通。
图10示出了所述的电池包内的换流路径，当电池模组2内某电芯单体211发生热失控时，电芯单体211内部发生剧烈的化学反应，瞬间会产生大量的热量，伴随有气火流带压喷发，防爆口具有导向和疏散的作用，使热量快速散失，防止喷发物在电池模组2内部堆积。喷发的气火流会在电池模组2顶部通过换流散热通道102（或换流散热通道104或换流散热通道106）在电池模组2顶部进行疏散，进行X向换流散热，换流路径如图8中所示的a1 ~ a5；同时通过换流散热通道101（或换流散热通道103）在电池模组2两侧和中间沿Z方向进行换流散热，换流路径如图10中所示的b1~b3；同时通过换流散热通道105在电池模组2底部沿Y方向进行换流散热，换流路径如图10中所示c1~c2，气火流经过多方向的疏散后进入边梁框架10内的排气通道，再经由排气孔排出电池包下箱体外。
通过换流散热设计，电池包某个电芯单体211热失控后产生的高温气火流被分散至多个电池容纳腔，再通过边梁框架10上排气孔实现定向排爆，换流散热设计不仅可以均衡电池包内温度，还可以减少某电池容纳腔内局部温度过高对箱体造成的破坏，防止某电池容纳腔局部温度过高引发热失控扩散。
根据本申请第二方面实施例的电池包，包括上述实施例中的电池包下箱体1和设于电池容纳腔内的电池模组2。
根据本申请第三方面实施方式的车辆，包括上述实施方式中的电池包。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池包下箱体，包括下箱体主体(100)，其特征在于，下箱体主体(100)包括边梁框架(10)、底护板(16)和内部横梁(15)，通过所述内部横梁(15)将所述下箱体主体(100)分隔成多个用于容纳电池模组(2)的电池容纳腔，所述边梁框架(10)具有进气孔(111)、排气通道(112)和排气孔，所述进气孔(111)通过所述排气通道(112)与所述排气孔连通，所述进气孔(111)用于将电池模组(2)热失控时产生的气火流引入排气通道(112)，所述排气孔用于将经由排气通道(112)流至所述排气孔的气火流排出所述下箱体主体(100)，所述排气孔设置为多个。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述排气孔设置有排气装置，所述排气装置在相应的压力阈值下开启，实现气火流的快速排出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述排气装置设置有压力阈值不同的至少两种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述排气装置设置有主排气装置(5)和副排气装置(6)，所述主排气装置(5)的压力阈值低于副排气装置(6)的压力阈值，主排气装置(5)和副排气装置(6)设置在所述边梁框架(10)不同的梁上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述边梁框架(10)包括边梁(11)、端部横梁(12)、凸出部边梁(13)和凸出部横梁(14)，所述凸出部边梁(13)和所述凸出部横梁(14)形成容纳高低压电气部件(3)的空间，所述高低压电气部件(3)与所述电池模组(2)电连接，所述端部横梁(12)和所述凸出部边梁(13)上设置有排气孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述主排气装置(5)设置在端部横梁(13)上，所述副排气装置(6)设置在边梁(11)和/或凸出部边梁(13)上。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述主排气装置(5)对应的排气孔的开口面积大于或等于副排气装置(6)对应的排气孔的开口面积。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包下箱体，其特征在于，所述进气孔(111)为圆形、长圆型、四边形、五边形、六边形或八边形。
  9. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池包下箱体和设于所述电池容纳腔内的电池模组。
  10. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求9所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2022/098903 2021-06-28 2022-06-15 一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆 WO2023273886A1 (zh)

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CN113540615A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-10-22 长城汽车股份有限公司 一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆
CN113540684A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-10-22 长城汽车股份有限公司 一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆
CN113540683A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-10-22 长城汽车股份有限公司 一种电池包下箱体、电池包及车辆
CN114583238A (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-06-03 华为数字能源技术有限公司 电池装置、控制电池装置排出气体的方法和储能设备
CN116093534A (zh) * 2023-02-02 2023-05-09 重庆赛力斯新能源汽车设计院有限公司 电池包、动力电池系统以及车辆
CN117497953B (zh) * 2024-01-03 2024-05-07 孚能科技(赣州)股份有限公司 一种气流疏导件及动力电池

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