WO2024031846A1 - 电池箱体及动力电池 - Google Patents

电池箱体及动力电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024031846A1
WO2024031846A1 PCT/CN2022/128582 CN2022128582W WO2024031846A1 WO 2024031846 A1 WO2024031846 A1 WO 2024031846A1 CN 2022128582 W CN2022128582 W CN 2022128582W WO 2024031846 A1 WO2024031846 A1 WO 2024031846A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
box
smoke exhaust
liquid cooling
bottom plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/128582
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱文聪
李凡
陈智伟
陈朝海
Original Assignee
湖北亿纬动力有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210963966.XA external-priority patent/CN115241569A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202222113289.0U external-priority patent/CN218039439U/zh
Application filed by 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 filed Critical 湖北亿纬动力有限公司
Publication of WO2024031846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024031846A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, for example, to battery boxes and power batteries.
  • the length of the fluid discharge path in the power battery is generally increased, or additional cooling is provided from the outside to the inside of the power battery.
  • the liquid method is used, but the heat exchange area between the coolant and the hot air flow in the power battery is small, the cooling effect is not ideal, and the cost of the power battery is increased.
  • This application provides a battery box that can promptly reduce the temperature in the battery box when the battery core is thermally out of control, thereby preventing the power battery from catching fire or exploding.
  • inventions of the present application provide a battery box for installing battery cell modules.
  • the battery box includes:
  • the bottom plate of the box is hollow inside to form a bottom liquid cooling channel
  • the box side plate is connected to the box bottom plate and is arranged around the circumference of the box bottom plate.
  • a side liquid cooling channel is provided in the box side plate.
  • the bottom surface of the battery core module and the box bottom plate are spaced apart to form a pressure relief cavity
  • a smoke exhaust channel is provided in the box side plate
  • the inner wall of the box side plate is provided with a smoke exhaust passage communicating with the box side plate.
  • the smoke exhaust channel and the inlet of the pressure relief chamber are provided with a pressure relief port connected to the smoke exhaust channel on the outer wall of the box side plate.
  • the side liquid cooling channel and the smoke exhaust channel are nested.
  • the side liquid cooling channel is sleeved outside the smoke exhaust channel, and the side liquid cooling channel includes a plurality of branch channels arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the smoke exhaust channel.
  • the box side panels include a plurality of side panels connected end to end, each side edge of the box bottom panel is connected to the side panels, and the smoke exhaust channel extends from at least two of the side panels. Inside, the inlet and the pressure relief port are located at both ends of the smoke exhaust passage.
  • the number of the smoke exhaust channels in the side panel provided with the smoke exhaust channels is at least two.
  • the side panel includes a side panel body and a side beam disposed at the inner lower end of the side panel body, and the smoke exhaust channel and the side liquid cooling channel are located in the side beam, so A cavity is provided in the side plate body, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs are provided in the cavity.
  • a filter assembly is provided in the smoke exhaust channel.
  • the filter component includes at least one of activated carbon, filter mesh, and foam.
  • the battery core module includes a plurality of batteries, and the projections of the battery cores in the battery core module on the bottom plate of the box are located in the corresponding coverage area of the bottom liquid cooling channel. Inside.
  • a plurality of the battery cells are arranged to form a battery cell assembly, and the shape and size of the bottom liquid cooling channel are adapted to the shape and size of the projection of the battery cell assembly on the bottom plate of the box.
  • the battery box is provided with a plurality of battery cell modules, and the bottom plate of the box is provided with the bottom liquid cooling channel corresponding to each of the battery cell modules.
  • a power battery which includes a battery cell module and the above-mentioned battery box.
  • the battery cell module is disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery core module includes a casing and a plurality of battery cores disposed in the casing.
  • the bottom surface of the casing is provided with a through hole, and the bottom surface and at least the lower end of the side surface of the casing are provided with through holes.
  • Module liquid cooling channel is provided.
  • the heat generated when the battery core is thermally out of control can be absorbed by the medium in the bottom liquid cooling channel and the side liquid cooling channel, which is conducive to timely lowering the temperature in the battery box so that the temperature of the fluid Lower it below the ignition point to prevent the power battery from catching fire or exploding.
  • the power battery provided by this application includes the above-mentioned battery box, which has a good cooling effect on the fluid ejected when the battery core is thermally out of control.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of the power battery provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower box provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the lower box provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the side panel provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the box bottom plate provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the lower box provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a side panel provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of another side panel provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it can be It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components or an interaction between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it can be It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components or an interaction between two components.
  • a first feature to a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact. contact but through additional characteristic contact between them.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” a first feature on a second feature include the first feature being directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “under” and “under” the first feature is the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • this embodiment provides a power battery, which includes a battery box and a battery cell module 30 arranged in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes a lower box 10 and an upper cover 20 .
  • the upper cover 20 is used to close the top opening of the lower box 10 .
  • the battery module 30 is disposed between the lower box 10 and the upper cover 20 .
  • the lower box 10 includes a box bottom plate 11 and a box side plate 12 .
  • the box side plates 12 are connected to the box bottom plate 11 and are arranged around the circumferential direction of the box bottom plate 11 so that the lower box body 10 forms a box structure with an open top.
  • the box bottom plate 11 is hollow inside to form a bottom liquid cooling channel 111.
  • a smoke exhaust channel 12121 and a side liquid cooling channel 12122 are provided in the box side plate 12. Cooling liquid is provided in both the side liquid cooling channel 12122 and the bottom liquid cooling channel 111, for example water.
  • the inner wall of the box side plate 12 is provided with an inlet connecting the smoke exhaust channel 12121 and the pressure relief chamber, and the outer wall of the box side plate 12 is provided with a pressure relief port 1231 connected with the smoke exhaust channel 12121.
  • a bottom liquid cooling channel 111 is provided in the bottom plate 11 of the box, and a side liquid cooling channel 12122 is provided in the side plate 12 of the box, which can cool the passing fluid to reduce the temperature of the fluid to below the ignition point and avoid power failure. The battery catches fire or explodes.
  • the box bottom plate 11 is roughly rectangular, and the box side plates 12 include four side plates connected end to end.
  • the side plates are connected to each edge of the box bottom plate 11 .
  • the four side panels respectively include a front side panel 122 and a rear side panel 123 that are arranged oppositely, and two side side panels 121 that are arranged oppositely.
  • the front side plate 122 and the rear side plate 123 are arranged along the length direction of the box bottom plate 11
  • the two side side plates 121 are arranged along the width direction of the box bottom plate 11 .
  • each side side panel 121 is provided with a smoke exhaust channel 12121.
  • the smoke exhaust channel 12121 extends from front to back in the side side panel 121 and extends into the rear side panel 123 to extend the exhaust flow. The length of the smoke channel 12121.
  • the inlet of the pressure relief chamber is provided on the front inner wall of the side side plate 121, and the outlet is provided on the rear side plate 123.
  • smoke exhaust channels 12121 are provided on both sides of the width of the lower box 10. The fluid in the lower box 10 can be discharged out of the lower box 10 through the smoke exhaust channels 12121 on both sides respectively, which can prevent the battery core from being discharged. The fluid generated by thermal runaway remains in the pressure relief channel for a long time and causes thermal runaway of other cells.
  • the shape of the box bottom plate 11, the number of side plates, the number, position and length of the smoke exhaust channels 12121 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the lower box 10 further includes three support beams.
  • the three support beams include a longitudinal beam 131 extending along the length direction of the box bottom plate 11 and two cross beams 132 extending along the width direction of the box bottom plate 11.
  • the three support beams are distributed in a dry shape to divide four installations in the lower box body 10. Cavity, each installation cavity can install a battery module 30.
  • Such an arrangement can control the size of each battery cell module 30 on the basis of increasing the number of battery cells, thereby improving the strength of each battery cell module 30 .
  • the number of support beams provided in the lower box 10 and the installation position of each support beam can be adjusted according to actual needs, so as to adjust the number of battery core modules 30 in the lower box 10 as needed.
  • the side liquid cooling channel 12122 and the smoke exhaust channel 12121 can be nested to increase the distance between the side liquid cooling channel 12122 and the smoke exhaust channel 12121.
  • the side liquid cooling channel 12122 is sleeved outside the smoke exhaust channel 12121, that is, the side liquid cooling channel 12122 is arranged around the circumference of the smoke exhaust channel 12121.
  • the smoke exhaust channel 12121 is provided at the center of the side plate, and the side liquid cooling channel 12122 is generally an annular structure to surround the smoke exhaust channel 12121 to uniformly cool the fluid in the smoke exhaust channel 12121 in the circumferential direction.
  • the side liquid cooling channel 12122 can be arranged at the center of the side plate, and the smoke exhaust channel 12121 can be arranged in an annular structure, circumferentially surrounding the side plate liquid cooling channel, and the cooling effect can also be achieved.
  • the side liquid cooling channel 12122 may include a plurality of branch channels 121221 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the smoke exhaust channel 12121, There is a solid structural connection between the two adjacent branch channels 121221 to ensure the strength of the side panels.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the smoke exhaust channel 12121 is rectangular, and there are four branch channels 121221, which are L-shaped.
  • Each branch channel 121221 is arranged at the top corner of the smoke exhaust channel 12121, so that the four branch channels
  • the shape of the side liquid cooling channel 12122 composed of 121221 is the same as the outer contour shape of the smoke exhaust channel 12121, thereby increasing the heat exchange area.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the smoke exhaust channel 12121 and the shape and number of the branch channels 121221 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the side panel 121 includes a side panel body 1211 and a side beam 1212 disposed at the inner lower end of the side panel body 1211 .
  • the top surface of the side beam 1212 forms a supporting surface capable of supporting the battery module 30 so that The bottom surface of the battery module 30 is spaced apart from the box bottom plate 11 .
  • the smoke exhaust channel 12121 and the side liquid cooling channel 12122 are both located in the side beam 1212 to be closer to the pressure relief chamber, so as to promptly cool the fluid caused by the thermal runaway of the battery core.
  • a cavity 12111 is provided in the side panel body 1211, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 12112 are provided in the cavity 12111.
  • the weight of the lower box 10 can be reduced and lightweight installation can be achieved.
  • the reinforcing ribs 12112 the strength of the side panels can be ensured, thereby preventing deformation of the lower box 10.
  • the multiple cavities 12111 formed in the side plate body 1211 can also have a heat insulation effect, preventing the heat generated inside the power battery from affecting components outside the power battery, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the power battery.
  • At least two smoke exhaust channels 12121 can be provided in the side side plate 121.
  • the fluid in each smoke exhaust channel 12121 can be cooled through the side liquid cooling channel 12122. to increase the cooling rate.
  • two smoke exhaust channels 12121 are provided in the side side plate 121, and a side liquid cooling channel 12122 is provided on the outer periphery of each smoke exhaust channel 12121.
  • the two smoke exhaust channels 12121 are arranged one above the other.
  • the number of smoke exhaust channels 12121, the number and arrangement of side liquid cooling channels 12122 in each side side plate 121 can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • at least two smoke exhaust channels 12121 are arranged in the horizontal direction. arranged or in a matrix; each smoke exhaust channel 12121 is provided with a side liquid cooling channel 12122, or two or more smoke exhaust channels 12121 share the same side liquid cooling channel 12122.
  • a bottom liquid cooling channel 111 is formed inside the box bottom plate 11 .
  • the bottom liquid cooling channel 111 Water can absorb the heat of the fluid. On the one hand, it can cool the fluid, and on the other hand, it can prevent the tank bottom plate 11 from being melted through.
  • the projections of the cells in the cell module 30 on the box bottom plate 11 are all located within the coverage of the corresponding bottom liquid cooling channels 111 to better cool the fluid and reduce the risk of the box bottom plate 11 being melted through. .
  • the battery core module 30 includes multiple battery cores.
  • the multiple battery cores are arranged according to a certain rule to form a battery core assembly.
  • the shape and size of the bottom liquid cooling channel 111 is consistent with the projected area of the battery core assembly on the box bottom plate 11. The shape and size are matched to ensure that a bottom liquid cooling channel 111 is provided at the contact position between the fluid ejected from the thermal runaway battery core and the bottom plate 11 of the box.
  • the battery cell assembly is roughly rectangular.
  • the shape of the bottom liquid cooling channel 111 is also rectangular, and the size of the bottom liquid cooling channel 111 is not less than the projected size of the battery cell assembly on the box bottom plate 11 to ensure The cooling effect prevents the bottom plate 11 of the box from being melted through.
  • the power battery is provided with a total of four battery cell modules 30.
  • four bottom liquid cooling channels 111 are provided in the box bottom plate 11.
  • This embodiment provides a power battery, which is modified on the basis of Embodiment 1.
  • a filter assembly is also provided in the smoke exhaust channel 12121 to filter the fluid in the lower box 10. dust and other particulate matter, thereby solving the problem of black smoke carried by the fluid discharged from the power battery.
  • the filter assembly may include activated carbon 151 disposed in the smoke exhaust channel 12121 .
  • the activated carbon 151 extends along the length direction of the smoke exhaust channel 12121.
  • the activated carbon 151 has a porous and loose structure, for example, it can be formed into a honeycomb hole shape, and can adsorb dust and other particulate matter carried in the gas on the basis of allowing the gas to pass, thereby achieving the purpose of filtration.
  • the filter assembly further includes foam 152, which is disposed at the end of the smoke exhaust channel 12121 and located in front of the pressure relief port 1231, so that the gas discharged through the pressure relief port 1231 passes through the foam 152 first.
  • the foam 152 can filter smaller particles than the activated carbon 151, thereby preventing the pressure relief port 1231 from being clogged.
  • a pressure relief valve 14 is provided at the pressure relief port 1231.
  • the clogging of the pressure relief valve 14 can be avoided on the basis of eliminating black smoke, thereby improving the reliability of the power battery.
  • the filter assembly may also include a filter screen 153, which is disposed in the smoke exhaust channel 12121 and located in front of the pressure relief valve 14 to avoid clogging of the pressure relief valve 14.
  • the filter component may include at least one of activated carbon 151, filter screen 153, and foam 152.
  • This embodiment provides a power battery, which is modified on the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the battery module 30 in this embodiment is also provided with a liquid-cooling structure to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery core from ejecting. Fluid cooling.
  • the battery core module 30 includes a shell and a plurality of battery cores disposed in the shell.
  • the bottom surface of the shell is provided with a through hole corresponding to each battery core.
  • the fluid generated when the battery core is thermally runaway is discharged out of the shell through the through hole.
  • the bottom surface of the shell and at least the lower end of the side are provided with module liquid cooling channels.
  • the high-temperature fluid ejected when the battery core is thermally out of control will first contact the side and bottom surface of the casing, and absorb heat through the liquid in the module liquid cooling channel, thereby cooling.
  • the surface of the shell can absorb smoke, reduce smoke emission, and help eliminate black smoke.
  • the shape and size of the module liquid cooling channel in the casing and the structure of the casing are sufficient as long as the module liquid cooling channel can be formed and the fluid ejected from the battery core can be cooled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池箱体及动力电池。该电池箱体用于安装电芯模组，所述电池箱体包括箱底板和箱侧板；所述箱底板内部中空形成底部液冷通道，箱侧板与所述箱底板连接，且围绕所述箱底板的周向设置，所述箱侧板内设置有侧部液冷通道。

Description

电池箱体及动力电池
本申请要求在2022年08月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为202222113289.0的中国专利申请的优先权，要求在2022年08月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210963966.X的中国专利申请的优先权，以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，例如涉及电池箱体及动力电池。
背景技术
相关技术中，为了防止电芯工作时产生的热量无法及时排出而导致热失控、起火甚至爆炸等情况发生，一般采用增加动力电池内流体排出路径长度，或是由外部向动力电池内部补加冷却液的方法，但是冷却液与动力电池内热气流的换热面积小，冷却效果均不理想，且增加了动力电池的成本。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池箱体，能够在电芯热失控时及时降低电池箱体内的温度，避免动力电池着火或爆炸。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池箱体，用于安装电芯模组，所述电池箱体包括：
箱底板，所述箱底板内部中空形成底部液冷通道；
箱侧板，与所述箱底板连接，且围绕所述箱底板的周向设置，所述箱侧板内设置有侧部液冷通道。
在一实施例中，所述电芯模组的底面与所述箱底板间隔设置形成泄压腔，所述箱侧板内设置有排烟通道，所述箱侧板的内壁设置有连通所述排烟通道和所述泄压腔的进口，所述箱侧板的外壁上设置有与所述排烟通道连通的泄压口。
在一实施例中，所述侧部液冷通道和所述排烟通道嵌套设置。
在一实施例中，所述侧部液冷通道套设于所述排烟通道外，所述侧部液冷通道包括沿所述排烟通道周向间隔排列的多个分支通道。
在一实施例中，所述箱侧板包括首尾连接的多个侧板，所述箱底板的每侧边缘均连接有所述侧板，所述排烟通道延伸于至少两个所述侧板内，所述进口和所述泄压口分别位于所述排烟通道的两端。
在一实施例中，设置有所述排烟通道的侧板中，所述排烟通道的数量为至少两个。
在一实施例中，所述侧板包括侧板本体以及设置于所述侧板本体内侧下端的边梁，所述排烟通道和所述侧部液冷通道均位于所述边梁内，所述侧板本体内设置有空腔，所述空腔内设置有多个加强筋。
在一实施例中，所述排烟通道内设置有过滤组件。
在一实施例中，所述过滤组件包括活性炭、过滤网和泡棉中的至少一种。
在一实施例中，所述电芯模组包括多个电芯，所述电芯模组中的所述电芯在所述箱底板上的投影均位于对应的所述底部液冷通道覆盖范围内。
在一实施例中，多个所述电芯排列形成电芯组件，所述底部液冷通道的形状及大小与所述电芯组件在所述箱底板上的投影的形状及大小相适配。
在一实施例中，所述电池箱体内设置有多个电芯模组，所述箱底板对应每个所述电芯模组均设置有所述底部液冷通道。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种动力电池动力电池，包括电芯模组以及上述的电池箱体，所述电芯模组设置于所述电池箱体内。
在一实施例中，所述电芯模组包括外壳以及设置在所述外壳内的多个电芯，所述外壳的底面设置有通孔，所述外壳的底面以及侧面的至少下端均设置有模组液冷通道。
本申请的有益效果：
本申请提供的电池箱体中，电芯热失控时产生的热量能够分别被底部液冷通道以及侧部液冷通道内的介质吸收，有利于及时降低电池箱体内的温度，以使流体的温度降低至着火点以下，避免动力电池着火或爆炸。
本申请提供的动力电池包括上述电池箱体，对电芯热失控时喷出流体的冷却效果好。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的动力电池的爆炸图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的下箱体的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的下箱体的爆炸图；
图4是本申请实施例一提供的侧部侧板的剖视图；
图5是本申请实施例一提供的箱底板的剖视图；
图6是本申请实施例二提供的下箱体的爆炸图；
图7是本申请实施例二提供的一种侧部侧板的剖视图；
图8是本申请实施例二提供的另一种侧部侧板的剖视图。
图中：
10、下箱体；11、箱底板；111、底部液冷通道；12、箱侧板；121、侧部侧板；1211、侧板本体；12111、空腔；12112、加强筋；1212、边梁；12121、排烟通道；12122、侧部液冷通道；121221、分支通道；122、前侧板；123、后侧板；1231、泄压口；131、纵梁；132、横梁；14、泄压阀；151、活性炭；152、泡棉；153、过滤网；20、上盖；30、电芯模组。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据实际情况理解上述术语在本申请中的含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作。 此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
实施例一
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种动力电池，包括电池箱体和设置在电池箱体内的电芯模组30。其中，电池箱体包括下箱体10和上盖20，上盖20用于封闭下箱体10的顶部开口，电芯模组30设置于下箱体10和上盖20之间。
如图2所示，下箱体10包括箱底板11以及箱侧板12。电芯模组30安装于电池箱体内时，电芯模组30的底面与箱底板11间隔设置，以形成泄压腔。箱侧板12与箱底板11连接，且围绕箱底板11的周向设置，以使下箱体10形成顶部开口的箱体结构。箱底板11内部中空形成底部液冷通道111，箱侧板12内设置有排烟通道12121以及侧部液冷通道12122，侧部液冷通道12122和底部液冷通道111内均设置冷却液，例如水。箱侧板12的内壁设置有连通排烟通道12121和泄压腔的进口，箱侧板12的外壁上设置有与排烟通道12121连通的泄压口1231。
当电池箱体内的电芯热失控时，电芯喷出的流体经过泄压腔和进口进入排烟通道12121内，再由泄压口1231排出。本实施例中，箱底板11内设置有底部液冷通道111，箱侧板12内设置有侧部液冷通道12122，能够对经过的流体冷却，以使流体的温度降低至着火点以下，避免动力电池着火或爆炸。
此外，电芯热失控产生的流体中存在灰尘等颗粒物，在流体经过排烟通道12121冷却过程中，灰尘等颗粒会附着在排烟通道12121的表面，从而起到消除黑烟的目的。箱底板11和箱侧板12内因设置有冷却液体，表面的温度较低，也能够达到吸附流体中的灰尘等颗粒的作用，达到消除黑烟的目的。
如图3所示，本实施例中，箱底板11大致为矩形，箱侧板12包括首尾相连的四个侧板，箱底板11的每侧边缘均连接有侧板。为方便介绍，四个侧板分别包括相对设置的前侧板122和后侧板123，以及相对设置的两个侧部侧板121。前侧板122和后侧板123沿箱底板11的长度方向排列，两个侧部侧板121沿箱底板11的宽度方向排列。
为提高冷却效果，每个侧部侧板121内均设置有排烟通道12121，排烟通道12121在侧部侧板121内由前向后延伸，并延伸至后侧板123内，以延长排烟通道12121的长度。
为提高冷却效果，泄压腔的进口设置在侧部侧板121的前端内壁上，出口设置在后侧板123上。本实施例中，下箱体10的宽度两侧均设置有排烟通道12121，位于下箱体10内的流体能够分别由两侧的排烟通道12121排出下箱体 10外，能够避免电芯热失控产生的流体长期在泄压通道内滞留而引发其他电芯热失控。
在一实施例中，箱底板11的形状、侧板的数量、排烟通道12121的数量、位置以及长度均可以根据实际需要设定。
示例性地，下箱体10还包括三个支撑梁。三个支撑梁包括一个沿箱底板11长度方向延伸的纵梁131以及两个沿箱底板11宽度方向延伸的横梁132，三个支撑梁呈干字型分布，以在下箱体10内划分出四个安装腔，每个安装腔内均能够安装一个电芯模组30。这样设置，能够在增加电芯数量的基础上，控制每个电芯模组30的尺寸，从而有利于提高每个电芯模组30的强度。
在其他实施例中，下箱体10内设置支撑梁的数量以及每个支撑梁的安装位置均可以根据实际需要调整，以根据需要调整下箱体10内电芯模组30的数量。
如图4所示，为了提高侧部液冷通道12122对排烟通道12121内流体的冷却效果，侧部液冷通道12122和排烟通道12121可以嵌套设置，以增加侧部液冷通道12122与排烟通道12121之间的换热面积。
本实施例中，侧部液冷通道12122套设在排烟通道12121外，即侧部液冷通道12122围绕排烟通道12121的周向设置。示例性地，排烟通道12121设置在侧板中心位置，侧部液冷通道12122大致为环形结构，以围绕排烟通道12121一周，从而在周向上均匀冷却排烟通道12121内的流体。
在其他实施例中，可以将侧部液冷通道12122设置在侧板中心位置，将排烟通道12121设置为环形结构，围绕侧板液冷通道周向设置，也可以达到冷却效果。
示例性地，由于侧板内需要设置排烟通道12121而形成中空结构，为了改善侧板的强度，侧部液冷通道12122可以包括沿排烟通道12121周向间隔排列的多个分支通道121221，相邻的两个分支通道121221之间有实体结构连接，以保证侧板的强度。
本实施例中，排烟通道12121的截面形状为矩形，分支通道121221设置有四个，并呈L型，每个分支通道121221设置在排烟通道12121的顶角位置，以使四个分支通道121221组成的侧部液冷通道12122的形状与排烟通道12121的外轮廓形状相同，从而增加换热面积。
在其他实施例中，排烟通道12121的截面形状、分支通道121221的形状以及数量均可以根据实际需要设定。
如图4所示，侧部侧板121包括侧板本体1211以及设置在侧板本体1211内侧下端的边梁1212，边梁1212的顶面形成支撑面，能够支撑电芯模组30， 以使电芯模组30的底面与箱底板11间隔设置。排烟通道12121和侧部液冷通道12122均位于边梁1212内，以更靠近泄压腔，从而及时对电芯热失控产生的流体冷却。
为提高侧板的强度，侧板本体1211内设置有空腔12111，空腔12111内设置有多个加强筋12112。通过设置空腔12111，能够减轻下箱体10的重量，实现轻量化设置。通过设置加强筋12112能够保证侧板的强度，从而避免下箱体10变形。
此外，侧板本体1211内形成的多个空腔12111还可以起到隔热效果，避免动力电池内部产生的热量影响动力电池外部的部件，有利于提高动力电池的安全性能。
为使电芯热失控产生的气体及时冷却并排出，侧部侧板121内可以设置至少两个排烟通道12121，每个排烟通道12121内的流体均能通过侧部液冷通道12122冷却，以提高冷却速度。
本实施例中，侧部侧板121内设置有两个排烟通道12121，每个排烟通道12121外周均对应设置有侧部液冷通道12122，两个排烟通道12121上下设置。
在其他实施例中，每个侧部侧板121内排烟通道12121的数量、侧部液冷通道12122的数量以及排列方式均可以根据实际需要调整，例如至少两个排烟通道12121沿水平方向排列或呈矩阵排列；每个排烟通道12121均对应设置有一个侧部液冷通道12122，或两个以上排烟通道12121共用同一侧部液冷通道12122。
此外，相关技术中电芯热失控时，喷出的流体直接与箱底板接触，容易导致箱底板被熔穿。本实施例中，如图5所示，通过在箱底板11内部形成底部液冷通道111，当电芯热失控时，电芯喷出的流体与箱底板11接触时，底部液冷通道111的水能够吸收流体的热量，一方面能够起到对流体冷却的作用，另一方面还能够防止箱底板11被熔穿。
示例性地，电芯模组30中的电芯在箱底板11上的投影均位于对应的底部液冷通道111覆盖范围内，以更好地对流体冷却，降低箱底板11被熔穿的风险。
可选地，电芯模组30包括多个电芯，多个电芯按照一定规律排列形成电芯组件，底部液冷通道111的形状及大小与电芯组件在箱底板11上的投影面积的形状及大小相适配，以保证电芯热失控喷出的流体与箱底板11接触位置均设置有底部液冷通道111。
本实施例中，电芯组件大致呈矩形，对应地，底部液冷通道111的形状也为矩形，且底部液冷通道111的尺寸不小于电芯组件在箱底板11上的投影大小， 以保证冷却效果，避免箱底板11被熔穿。
本实施例中动力电池共设置四个电芯模组30，对应地，箱底板11内设置有四个底部液冷通道111。
实施例二
本实施例提供了一种动力电池，其在实施例一的基础上进行改动，本实施例中的下箱体10中，排烟通道12121内还设置有过滤组件，以过滤其内流体中的灰尘等颗粒物，从而解决动力电池排出流体携带黑烟的问题。
可选地，如图6和图7所示，过滤组件可以包括设置在排烟通道12121内的活性炭151。活性炭151沿排烟通道12121的长度方向延伸，活性炭151为多孔疏松结构，例如可形成蜂窝孔状，能够在允许气体通过的基础上，吸附气体中携带的灰尘等颗粒物，从而达到过滤的目的。
示例性地，过滤组件还包括泡棉152，泡棉152设置在排烟通道12121末端，且位于泄压口1231的前侧，以使经过泄压口1231排出的气体先通过泡棉152。泡棉152相比活性炭151能够过滤更小的颗粒物，从而避免泄压口1231堵塞。
可选地，泄压口1231处设置有泄压阀14，通过设置过滤组件，能够在消除黑烟的基础上，避免泄压阀14堵塞，从而提高动力电池的可靠性。
可选地，过滤组件还可以包括过滤网153，过滤网153设置在排烟通道12121内且位于泄压阀14的前侧，以避免泄压阀14堵塞。
在其他实施例中，过滤组件可以包括活性炭151、过滤网153和泡棉152中的至少一种。
实施例三
本实施例提供了一种动力电池，其在实施例一或实施例二的基础上进行改动，本实施例中的电芯模组30也设置有液冷结构，为电芯热失控喷出的流体冷却。
可选地，电芯模组30包括外壳以及设置在外壳内的多个电芯，外壳的底面对应每个电芯均设置有通孔，电芯热失控时产生的流体通过通孔排出外壳外。外壳的底面以及侧面的至少下端均设置有模组液冷通道。
通过设置模组液冷通道，电芯热失控时喷出的高温流体将先与外壳的侧面以及底面接触，通过模组液冷通道内的液体吸收热量，从而进行冷却。同时，外壳表面能够吸附烟雾，减少烟雾排出，有利于消除黑烟。
此处需要说明的是，本实施例中外壳内模组液冷通道的形状、大小以及外壳的结构，只要能够形成模组液冷通道并对电芯喷出的流体冷却即可。

Claims (14)

  1. 电池箱体，用于安装电芯模组(30)，所述电池箱体包括：
    箱底板(11)，所述箱底板(11)内部中空形成底部液冷通道(111)；
    箱侧板(12)，与所述箱底板(11)连接，且围绕所述箱底板(11)的周向设置，所述箱侧板(12)内设置有侧部液冷通道(12122)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池箱体，其中，所述电芯模组(30)的底面与所述箱底板(11)间隔设置形成泄压腔，所述箱侧板(12)内设置有排烟通道(12121)，所述箱侧板(12)的内壁设置有连通所述排烟通道(12121)和所述泄压腔的进口，所述箱侧板(12)的外壁上设置有与所述排烟通道(12121)连通的泄压口(1231)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池箱体，其中，所述侧部液冷通道(12122)和所述排烟通道(12121)嵌套设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池箱体，其中，所述侧部液冷通道(12122)套设于所述排烟通道(12121)外，所述侧部液冷通道(12122)包括沿所述排烟通道(12121)周向间隔排列的多个分支通道(121221)。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池箱体，其中，所述箱侧板(12)包括首尾连接的多个侧板，所述箱底板(11)的每侧边缘均连接有所述侧板，所述排烟通道(12121)延伸于至少两个所述侧板内，所述进口和所述泄压口(1231)分别位于所述排烟通道(12121)的两端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池箱体，其中，设置有所述排烟通道(12121)的侧板中，所述排烟通道(12121)的数量为至少两个。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池箱体，其中，所述侧板包括侧板本体(1211)以及设置于所述侧板本体(1211)内侧下端的边梁(1212)，所述排烟通道(12121)和所述侧部液冷通道(12122)均位于所述边梁(1212)内，所述侧板本体(1211)内设置有空腔(12111)，所述空腔(12111)内设置有多个加强筋(12112)。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的电池箱体，其中，所述排烟通道(12121)内设置有过滤组件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池箱体，其中，所述过滤组件包括活性炭(151)、过滤网(153)和泡棉(152)中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池箱体，其中，所述电芯模组(30)包括多个电芯，所述电芯模组(30)中的所述电芯在所述箱底板(11)上的投影均位于对应的所述底部液冷通道(111)覆盖范围内。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池箱体，其中，多个所述电芯排列形成电芯 组件，所述底部液冷通道(111)的形状及大小与所述电芯组件在所述箱底板(11)上的投影的形状及大小相适配。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电池箱体，其中，所述电池箱体内设置有多个电芯模组(30)，所述箱底板(11)对应每个所述电芯模组(30)均设置有所述底部液冷通道(111)。
  13. 动力电池，包括电芯模组(30)以及如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电池箱体，所述电芯模组(30)设置于所述电池箱体内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的动力电池，其中，所述电芯模组(30)包括外壳以及设置在所述外壳内的多个电芯，所述外壳的底面设置有通孔，所述外壳的底面以及侧面的至少下端均设置有模组液冷通道。
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CN215184269U (zh) * 2021-07-13 2021-12-14 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种电池箱体结构、电池模组、电池包及车辆
CN115241569A (zh) * 2022-08-11 2022-10-25 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 电池箱体及动力电池

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