WO2022143132A1 - 电池箱体和电池包 - Google Patents

电池箱体和电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022143132A1
WO2022143132A1 PCT/CN2021/137547 CN2021137547W WO2022143132A1 WO 2022143132 A1 WO2022143132 A1 WO 2022143132A1 CN 2021137547 W CN2021137547 W CN 2021137547W WO 2022143132 A1 WO2022143132 A1 WO 2022143132A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
fire extinguishing
cooling
battery
spray
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/137547
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王磊
曹永强
刘崇威
李岩
李树会
单红艳
Original Assignee
长城汽车股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长城汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 长城汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022143132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022143132A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and in particular, to a battery case and a battery pack having the battery case.
  • the battery pack is the core component of new energy vehicles, and its safety after thermal runaway has become an urgent engineering problem to be solved.
  • the air pressure in the pack will increase sharply, and the flame or hot air will not need to be sprayed out. It may even threaten personnel safety, and there is room for improvement.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one purpose of the present application is to propose a battery box, which can realize the directional guidance of the thermal runaway gas-fire flow in the battery pack, and can spray the flame in the thermal runaway gas-fire flow to reduce the thermal runaway gas-fire flow temperature.
  • a battery box includes: a casing, a side wall of the casing is provided with a fire extinguishing channel, and the side wall of the casing is further provided with a fire outlet communicating with the fire extinguishing channel;
  • the fire extinguishing box is installed at the fire exhaust port, and the fire extinguishing box has a fire extinguishing cavity connected with the fire exhaust port; a spray system, the spray system is used to selectively face the fire extinguishing cavity. Spray coolant.
  • the directional discharge of thermal runaway gas and fire flow can be realized, the system pressure in the battery box can be ensured, and the cooling liquid can be sprayed toward the fire-extinguishing cavity by arranging a spray system in the fire-extinguishing box. , so that the cooling liquid is in contact with the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, so as to realize the cooling and cooling of the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, prolong the time for the open flame to eject the battery pack, and improve the safety of the battery pack.
  • the sprinkler system includes a sprinkler head, a temperature measurement element and a controller, the sprinkler head and the temperature measurement element are both installed in the fire extinguishing chamber, and the controller is used for According to the detection result of the temperature measuring element, the cooling liquid circulation state at the spray head is controlled.
  • the battery case further includes: a driving device, wherein the driving device is installed in the housing, the spray head is connected to a liquid cooling system, and the controller is configured to control the driving device to drive the The cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system flows to the spray head.
  • the liquid cooling system is installed in the casing and used to cool the battery module installed in the casing.
  • the liquid cooling system and the spray head are communicated through a cooling pipeline, and a one-way valve is provided in the cooling pipeline, and the one-way valve is configured to The liquid cooling system is unidirectionally connected to the spray head.
  • the driving device includes a driving motor provided in the battery case, and the driving motor is electrically connected to a water pump provided in the cooling pipeline.
  • the battery case according to some embodiments of the present application further includes: an external pipe port, the external pipe port is installed on the side wall, and the first end of the external pipe port is communicated with the fire extinguishing channel, and the The second end of the external pipe port is used for external cooling water circuit.
  • the fire extinguishing box includes a fire inlet and a fire outlet, the fire inlet and the fire outlet are both communicated with the fire extinguishing cavity, and the fire inlet and the fire outlet are opposite to each other. Then, the fire outlet communicates the fire extinguishing chamber with the outside, and at least one of the fire inlet and the fire outlet is provided with the temperature measuring element.
  • the plurality of the spray heads are arranged in the fire extinguishing chamber at intervals, and the plurality of the spray heads are arranged to face the fire extinguishing from different directions respectively Spray coolant in the cavity.
  • the present application also proposes a battery pack.
  • the battery case of any of the above-mentioned embodiments is provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a casing of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a casing of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a spray system of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a casing and a battery module of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Shell 1 fire extinguishing channel 11, sub-channel 111, air guide 12, fire extinguishing box 2;
  • Battery module 4 Battery module 4 , directional explosion vent 41 , upper cover 5 , mica plate 6 .
  • the battery case is provided with a spray system for cooling and cooling the thermal runaway gas and fire flow in the fire extinguishing box 2 , which can make the thermal runaway gas fire flow. After being discharged from the fire extinguishing box 2 , the temperature is low, which will not cause serious damage to the equipment or personnel outside the battery pack 100 , which is beneficial to improve the use safety of the battery pack 100 .
  • the battery box includes: a casing 1 , a fire extinguishing box 2 and a spray system.
  • the casing 1 has an installation cavity, and the installation cavity is used to install the battery module 4.
  • the side wall of the casing 1 is provided with a fire extinguishing channel 11 that communicates with the installation cavity.
  • the side wall of the casing 1 is also provided with a fire outlet.
  • two groups of battery modules 4 can be installed in the installation cavity.
  • the walls are provided with fire extinguishing channels 11, and two fire extinguishing boxes 2 are provided at the end of the housing 1.
  • the two fire extinguishing channels 11 are spaced apart and communicated with the two fire extinguishing boxes 2 respectively.
  • the side walls are also There is an air guide port 12 facing the directional explosion vent 41 of the battery module 4.
  • the air guide port 12 is used to connect the fire extinguishing channel 11 with the installation cavity.
  • the air guide ports 12 of the two fire extinguishing channels 11 are respectively connected with two groups of battery modules.
  • the battery pack 100 further includes an upper cover 5 and a mica plate 6 .
  • the upper cover 5 is suitable for being installed on the upper end of the casing 1 to seal the installation cavity, and the mica plate 6 is located between the upper cover 5 and the battery module. between 4.
  • the battery module 4 can enter the fire extinguishing channel 11 after the high temperature thermal runaway gas and fire flow is generated in the installation cavity, and the temperature gradually decreases during the flow in the fire extinguishing channel 11 , and finally flows to the casing 1 .
  • the casing 1 may be made of aluminum alloy profiles.
  • the fire extinguishing channel 11 is provided with partition ribs, and the partition ribs divide the fire extinguishing channel 11 into a plurality of subchannels 111 spaced apart in the up-down direction.
  • the fire extinguishing box 2 is installed at the fire outlet, and the fire extinguishing box 2 has a fire extinguishing cavity communicated with the fire exhaust port.
  • the fire extinguishing cavity connects the fire inlet and the fire outlet of the fire extinguishing box 2.
  • the fire inlet is communicated with the fire outlet, so that the thermal runaway air flow in the fire extinguishing channel 11 can be discharged through the fire outlet and enter the fire extinguishing chamber from the fire inlet, and after cooling and extinguishing the fire in the fire extinguishing chamber, the fire outlet is discharged out of the fire extinguishing box 2.
  • an explosion-proof valve can be provided at the fire outlet of the fire-extinguishing box 2, and the explosion-proof valve can be opened when the air pressure in the fire-extinguishing box 2, the fire-extinguishing channel 11 and the installation cavity is too large, so as to discharge the explosion in time, thereby ensuring the battery box
  • the internal pressure of the system in the body is in a state of equilibrium.
  • the spray system is used to selectively spray the cooling liquid toward the fire extinguishing chamber, that is to say, when the thermal runaway gas and fire flow flows through the fire extinguishing chamber, the cooling liquid can be sprayed toward the fire extinguishing chamber through the spray system. So that the cooling liquid is in contact with the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, so as to realize the cooling and cooling of the thermal runaway gas-fire flow.
  • the opening state of the sprinkler system can be controlled according to the temperature in the fire extinguishing chamber.
  • the sprinkler system is controlled to open, so that the spray The spray system sprays the cooling liquid toward the fire extinguishing chamber, so that the temperature of the thermal runaway gas and fire flow is reduced to below the preset temperature value, so that the flame of the gas fire flow entering the fire extinguishing box 2 or the temperature of the high-pressure air flow is effectively reduced , delaying the time for the flame to finally spray out of the battery pack 100, giving more escape time for the occupants in the vehicle, and improving the thermal runaway safety of the whole vehicle.
  • the directional discharge of thermal runaway gas and fire flow can be realized, and the system pressure in the battery box can be ensured to be balanced, and by setting the spray system in the fire extinguishing box 2, it can be sprayed and cooled toward the fire extinguishing cavity.
  • the cooling liquid is in contact with the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, thereby realizing the cooling and cooling of the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, prolonging the time for the open flame to spray out of the battery pack 100 , and improving the safety of the battery pack 100 .
  • the sprinkler system includes a sprinkler head 31, a temperature measuring element 32 and a controller 33, the sprinkler head 31 and the temperature measuring element 32 are both installed in the fire extinguishing chamber, and the controller 33 is used to measure The detection result of the temperature element 32 controls the operation state of the spray head 31 .
  • the temperature measuring element 32 is installed in the fire extinguishing chamber to detect the temperature of the thermal runaway gas and fire flow in the fire extinguishing chamber to determine whether the thermal runaway gas fire flow meets the conditions for opening the sprinkler system.
  • the sprinkler head 31 It is installed in the fire extinguishing cavity, and the nozzle 31 is used to spray cooling liquid toward the fire extinguishing cavity.
  • the controller 33 is electrically connected to the temperature measuring element 32. After the temperature measuring element 32 detects the temperature in the fire extinguishing chamber, it can transmit the detected temperature signal to the controller 33, and the controller 33 judges and analyzes the temperature signal, And based on the control logic, the operating state of the sprinkler head 31 is controlled, so that when the temperature in the fire extinguishing chamber is detected to be too high, the sprinkler head 31 is controlled to spray toward the fire extinguishing chamber, so as to realize the cooling effect of the thermal runaway gas and fire flow and reduce the high pressure gas. and flame temperature.
  • the temperature measuring element 32 may be a temperature sensor.
  • controller 33 can be integrated into the battery pack controller, so as to quickly make a control response when the battery pack 100 is thermally out of control, and no separate control device is required, which is beneficial to reduce costs.
  • the spray system further includes a drive device 34 , the drive device 34 is installed in the housing 1 , the spray head 31 is connected to the liquid cooling system 37 , and the controller 33 is used to control the drive device 34
  • the cooling liquid in the driving liquid cooling system 37 flows to the spray head 31 . That is to say, the controller 33 can control the flow state of the cooling liquid between the liquid cooling system 37 and the spray head 31 through the driving device 34, so as to realize the cooling and cooling effect on the thermal runaway gas and fire flow.
  • the liquid cooling system 37 is installed in the casing 1, and the liquid cooling system 37 is used to cool the battery module installed in the casing 1, so that the supply of the cooling liquid of the spray head 31 and the battery
  • the supply of the cooling liquid of the module can use the same water source, so that there is no need to separately set up another water storage device, thereby reducing the installation cost.
  • the driving device 34 can be integrated in the casing 1 of the battery box, so that the distance between the driving device 34 and the liquid cooling system 37 is short, which is beneficial to rapidly drive the cooling liquid toward the direction of the cooling liquid after the driving device 34 receives the control signal.
  • the spray head 31 flows, which improves the response efficiency of the driving device 34 and ensures that the spray system sprays the cooling liquid in the fire extinguishing chamber in time.
  • the liquid cooling system 37 is communicated with the spray head 31 through a cooling line 35 penetrating the side wall, and a check valve 36 is provided in the cooling line 35 , and the check valve 36 is configured as One-way flow from the liquid cooling system 37 to the spray head 31 .
  • the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system 37 can flow to the nozzle 31 in one direction through the cooling pipeline 35, so as to ensure the effective cooling of the thermal runaway gas and fire flow, avoid cooling
  • the liquid flows back into the liquid cooling system 37 .
  • the air pressure in the fire extinguishing cavity increases.
  • the uncontrolled gas and fire flow enters the liquid cooling system 37 under the action of air pressure, causing the pressure in the pipeline of the cooling system to be too large, thereby ensuring that the spray system is in a safe and stable operation state.
  • the one-way valve 36 may be an electromagnetic one-way valve 36 , and the one-way valve 36 is electrically connected to the controller 33 , so that the controller 33 drives the one-way valve 36 to open or close.
  • the driving device 34 includes a driving motor provided in the battery box, the driving motor is electrically connected with the water pump provided in the cooling pipeline 35 , and the controller 33 is electrically connected with the driving motor, so that the controller 33 can
  • the control signal is output to the drive motor, so that the drive motor can drive the water pump in the cooling pipeline 35, and the water pump drives the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system 37 to flow toward the nozzle 31, and the drive motor can be powered by the battery module 4 , there is no need to increase the power supply separately, which is conducive to reducing costs.
  • the driving device 34 may also include an air pressure driving line, and the air pressure driving line is connected with the cooling line 35 for supplying driving air pressure to the cooling line 35, and the driving of the cooling liquid can also be realized.
  • the battery pack further includes: an external pipe port, the external pipe port is installed on the side wall, the first end of the external pipe port is communicated with the fire extinguishing channel 11, and the second end of the external pipe port is used for external cooling waterway. That is to say, in the present application, an external pipe port can also be installed at the side wall, so that the cooling water in the external cooling water circuit can be introduced into the fire extinguishing channel 11 through the external pipe port, and the air and fire flow in the fire extinguishing channel 11 can be directly cooled. .
  • the gas-fire flow generated by the battery module 4 enters the fire extinguishing channel 11, and can firstly be cooled by the cooling water at the external nozzle.
  • the cooling liquid in the cooling plate of the cooling system 37 flows to the nozzle 31 through the cooling pipeline 35 under the action of the driving motor, and enters the fire extinguishing box 2 to prevent the gas fire. This can greatly reduce the flame in the gas and fire flow, delay the time for the flame to finally spray out of the battery pack 100, give the occupants more time to escape, and improve the thermal runaway of the vehicle. safety.
  • the fire extinguishing box 2 includes a fire inlet and a fire outlet. Both the fire inlet and the fire outlet communicate with the fire extinguishing chamber, and the fire inlet and the fire outlet are connected. The fire outlet communicates the fire extinguishing chamber with the outside. At least one of the temperature measuring elements 32 are provided.
  • the temperature measuring element 32 can be installed at the fire inlet or the fire outlet, or both the fire inlet and the fire outlet can be installed on the temperature measuring element 32 to realize the detection of the temperature in the fire extinguishing chamber.
  • it can also be Select a plurality of temperature measuring elements 32, so that the plurality of temperature measuring elements 32 can detect the temperature in the fire extinguishing chamber at the same time, and the controller 33 comprehensively analyzes and judges according to the detection results of the plurality of temperature measuring elements 32, so as to obtain the fire extinguishing effect more accurately. actual temperature in the cavity.
  • a plurality of spray heads 31 there are a plurality of spray heads 31 , the plurality of spray heads 31 are arranged in the fire extinguishing cavity at intervals, and the plurality of spray heads 31 are arranged to spray cooling liquid toward the fire extinguishing cavity from different directions respectively.
  • a plurality of spray heads 31 are respectively fixed and installed in a plurality of side walls of the fire extinguishing chamber.
  • the spray heads 31 may be arranged on the upper side wall, the lower side wall and the circumferential side wall of the fire extinguishing chamber, so as to increase the protection against thermal runaway gas fire.
  • the cooling effect of the flow can effectively reduce the temperature of the flame or high-pressure airflow entering the fire extinguishing box 2, delay the time for the flame to finally spray out of the battery pack 100, give more escape time for the occupants in the vehicle, and improve the thermal runaway of the whole vehicle. safety.
  • the present application also proposes a battery pack 100 .
  • the battery box of any of the above-mentioned embodiments is provided, which can realize the directional discharge of thermal runaway gas and fire flow, ensure the system pressure balance in the battery box, and pass through the fire extinguishing box 2 .
  • a spray system is set up to spray coolant toward the fire-extinguishing chamber, so that the coolant contacts with the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, thereby cooling and cooling the thermal runaway gas-fire flow, and prolonging the time for the open flame to spray out of the battery pack 100.
  • the safety of the battery pack 100 is improved.
  • a blocking structure is provided at the end of the side wall of the casing 1 away from the fire extinguishing box 2 to separate the fire extinguishing passages on both sides of the casing 1.
  • the left side (such as k1) and the right position (such as k2) of one end of the side wall away from the fire extinguishing box 2 are provided with blocking structures to separate the fire extinguishing channels 11 on both sides and avoid the two sides of the battery box. Side air flow stream.
  • first feature and “second feature” may include one or more of the features.
  • a first feature being "above” or “under” a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but through them Additional feature contacts between.
  • the first feature "above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than Second feature.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电池箱体和电池包，电池箱体包括：壳体，壳体的侧壁内设有灭火通道，且壳体的侧壁还设有与灭火通道连通的排火口；灭火盒，灭火盒安装于排火口处，灭火盒内具有与排火口连通的灭火腔；喷淋系统，喷淋系统用于选择性地朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。电池箱体能够实现热失控气火流的定向排出，保证电池箱体内的系统压力平衡，且通过在灭火盒内设置喷淋系统，可朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，以使冷却液与热失控气火流接触，从而实现对热失控气火流的降温和冷却，延长明火喷出电池包的时间，提高电池包的安全性。

Description

电池箱体和电池包
本申请要求于2020年12月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011598046.X，申请名称为“电池箱体和电池包”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，尤其是涉及一种电池箱体和具有该电池箱体的电池包。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的快速发展，电池包作为新能源车的核心零部件，其发生热失控后的安全成为一个急需解决的工程问题。电池包内电芯在发生热失控时，包内气压会急剧增多，火焰或热气流会无需往外喷射，高温火焰喷射到电池包外部，导致电池包外出现明火，达不到相关的国标要求，甚至会威胁人员安全，存在改进的空间。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种电池箱体，能够实现电池包内热失控气火流的定向疏导，且可对热失控气火流中的火焰进行喷淋，以降低热失控气火流的温度。
根据本申请实施例的电池箱体，包括：壳体，所述壳体的侧壁内设有灭火通道，且所述壳体的侧壁还设有与所述灭火通道连通的排火口；灭火盒，所述灭火盒安装于所述排火口处，所述灭火盒内具有与所述排火口连通的灭火腔；喷淋系统，所述喷淋系统用于选择性地朝向所述灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。
根据本申请实施例的电池箱体，能够实现热失控气火流的定向排出，保证电池箱体内的系统压力平衡，且通过在灭火盒内设置喷淋系统，可朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，以使冷却液与热失控气火流接触，从而实现对热失控气火流的降温和冷却，延长明火喷出电池包的时间，提高电池包的安全性。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，所述喷淋系统包括喷头、测温元件和控制器，所述喷头和所述测温元件均安装于所述灭火腔内，且所述控制器用于根据所述测温元件的检测结果对所述喷头处的冷却液流通状态进行控制。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，还包括：驱动装置，所述驱动装置安装于所述壳体内，所述喷头与液冷系统相连，且所述控制器用于控制所述驱动装置驱动所述液冷系统 中的冷却液流向所述喷头。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，所述液冷系统安装于所述壳体内且用于对安装于所述壳体内的电池模组进行冷却。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，所述液冷系统与所述喷头之间通过冷却管路连通，且在所述冷却管路中设有单向阀，所述单向阀构造为从所述液冷系统到所述喷头单向导通。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，所述驱动装置包括设于所述电池箱体的驱动电机，所述驱动电机与设于所述冷却管路中的水泵电连接。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，还包括：外接管口，所述外接管口安装于所述侧壁，且所述外接管口的第一端与所述灭火通道连通，且所述外接管口的第二端用于外接冷却水路。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，所述灭火盒包括进火口和出火口，所述进火口和所述出火口均与所述灭火腔连通，且所述进火口和所述排火口相接，所述出火口将所述灭火腔与外部连通，所述进火口和所述出火口中的至少一个处设有所述测温元件。
根据本申请一些实施例的电池箱体，所述喷头为多个，多个所述喷头间隔开布置于所述灭火腔内，且多个所述喷头设置为分别从不同的方向朝向所述灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。
本申请还提出了一种电池包。
根据本申请实施例的电池包，设置有上述任一种实施例的电池箱体。
所述电池包和上述的电池箱体相对于现有技术所具有的优势相同，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请实施例的电池包的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例的电池包的壳体的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例的电池包的壳体的截面图；
图4是本申请实施例的电池包的喷淋系统的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例的电池包的壳体和电池模组的俯视图。
附图标记：
电池包100；
壳体1，灭火通道11，子通道111，导气口12，灭火盒2；
喷头31，测温元件32，控制器33，驱动装置34，冷却管路35，单向阀36，液冷系统37；
电池模组4，定向排爆口41，上盖5，云母板6。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考图1-图5描述根据本申请实施例的电池箱体，该电池箱体设置有用于对灭火盒2内热失控气火流进行降温、冷却的喷淋系统，可使得热失控气火流从灭火盒2处排出后温度较低，不会对电池包100外的设备或人员造成严重损伤，利于提高电池包100的使用安全性。
如图1-图5所示，根据本申请实施例的电池箱体包括：壳体1、灭火盒2和喷淋系统。
如图1和图2所示，壳体1具有安装腔，安装腔用于安装电池模组4，如图3所示，壳体1的侧壁内设有与安装腔连通的灭火通道11，且如图3和图4所示，壳体1的侧壁还设有排火口。
其中，需要说明的是，如图1所示，安装腔内可安装两组电池模组4，两组电池模组4分别安装于壳体1的两侧，且在壳体1的两个侧壁均设有灭火通道11，且在壳体1的端部设有两个灭火盒2，两个灭火通道11间隔开且分别与两个灭火盒2连通，如图1所示，侧壁还设有与电池模组4的定向排爆口41正对的导气口12，导气口12用于将灭火通道11和安装腔连通，两个灭火通道11的导气口12分别与两组电池模组4的定向排爆口41正对设置，以使两组电池模组4产生的热失控气火流能够分别通过两个灭火通道11进入到对应的灭火盒2内，实现热失控气流排出的作用，且在灭火通道11背离灭火盒2的一端进行封闭处理，以避免两个灭火通道11之间串流。如图1所示，电池包100还包括上盖5和云母板6，上盖5适于安装于壳体1的上端以对安装腔进行封闭，且云母板6位于上盖5和电池模组4之间。
也就是说，电池模组4在安装腔内产生高温的热失控气火流之后，可进入到灭火通道11，且在灭火通道11内流动的过程中温度逐渐地降低，最后流至壳体1端部的灭火盒2内，从而使得经一定程度降温后的热失控气火流进入到灭火盒2内实现降温和灭火处理，有效避免排到外界气体带火焰引发二次燃烧问题。其中，壳体1可为铝合金型材制成，如图3所示，灭火通道11内设有分隔筋，分隔筋将灭火通道11分隔为沿上下方向间隔开的多个子通道111。
如图1所示，灭火盒2安装于排火口处，灭火盒2具有与排火口连通的灭火腔，灭火腔将灭火盒2的进火口和出火口连通，需要说明的是，灭火盒2的进火口与排火口连通，这样，灭火通道11内的热失控气流可通过排火口排出且由进火口进入到灭火腔内，在灭火腔内降温和灭火后由出火口排出灭火盒2外。其中，可在灭火盒2的出火口处设有防爆阀，防爆阀可在灭火盒2以及灭火通道11、安装腔内的气压过大时开启，起到及时排爆的作用，从而保证电池箱体内的系统内压力处于平衡的状态。
其中，喷淋系统用于选择性地朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，也就是说，在热失控气火流流经灭火腔内时，可通过喷淋系统朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，以使冷却液与热失控气火流接触，从而实现对热失控气火流的降温和冷却。
其中，喷淋系统的开启状态可根据灭火腔内的温度进行控制，如在灭火腔内的热失控气火流温度过高时且超过预设温度值时，控制喷淋系统开启，以使喷淋系统朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，从而使得热失控气火流的温度降低至预设温度值以下，这样，有效地降低进入到灭火盒2内的气火流的火焰或高压气流的温度，延缓火焰最终喷出电池包100外的时间，给车内人员更多的逃生时间，提高整车的热失控安全性。而在灭火腔内的热失控气火流温度较低时且低于预设温度值时，此时灭火盒2内的气流流出后不会对外部人员造成损伤，控制喷淋系统处于关闭状态，由此，利于降低喷淋系统的功耗，减少喷淋系统的使用成本。
根据本申请实施例的电池箱体，能够实现热失控气火流的定向排出，保证电池箱体内的系统压力平衡，且通过在灭火盒2内设置喷淋系统，可朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，以使冷却液与热失控气火流接触，从而实现对热失控气火流的降温和冷却，延长明火喷出电池包100的时间，提高电池包100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，喷淋系统包括喷头31、测温元件32和控制器33，喷头31和测温元件32均安装于灭火腔内，且控制器33用于根据测温元件32的检测结果对喷头31的运行状态进行控制。
其中，如图4所示，测温元件32安装于灭火腔内可对灭火腔中热失控气火流的温度进行检测，以确定热失控气火流是否满足开启喷淋系统的条件，喷头31安装于灭火腔内，且喷头31用于朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。
控制器33与测温元件32电连接，测温元件32在对灭火腔内的温度进行检测后，可将检测到的温度信号传输给控制器33，控制器33对温度信号进行判断和分析，且基于控制逻辑对喷头31的运行状态进行控制，以在检测到灭火腔内的温度过高时，控制喷头31朝向灭火腔内喷淋，实现对热失控气火流的冷却作用，降低高压气体和火焰的温度。测温元件32可为温度传感器。
需要说明的是，控制器33可集成于电池包控制器，以在电池包100热失控时快速地做出控制响应，且不需单独设置控制设备，利于降低成本。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，喷淋系统还包括驱动装置34，驱动装置34安装于壳体1内，喷头31与液冷系统37相连，且控制器33用于控制驱动装置34驱动液冷系统37中的冷却液流向喷头31。也就是说，控制器33可通过驱动装置34对液冷系统37与喷头31之间的冷却液的流动状态进行控制，由此，可实现对热失控气火流的冷却和降温作用。
在一些实施例中，液冷系统37安装于壳体1内，且液冷系统37用于对安装于壳体1内的电池模组进行冷却，由此，喷头31的冷却液的供给和电池模组的冷却液的供给可采用同一水源，从而不需单独设置另外的蓄水设备，从而降低设置成本。
其中，驱动装置34可集成于电池箱体的壳体1内，以使驱动装置34与液冷系统37之间的间距较短，利于在驱动装置34接收到控制信号后迅速地驱动冷却液朝向喷头31流动，提高驱动装置34的响应效率，保证喷淋系统及时地对灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，液冷系统37与喷头31通过贯穿侧壁的冷却管路35连通，且在冷却管路35中设有单向阀36，单向阀36构造为从液冷系统37到喷头31单向导通。
这样，通过单向阀36的设置，可使得液冷系统37中的冷却液能够通过冷却管路35单向地流向喷头31，在保证对热失控气火流进行有效冷却的情况下，避免冷却液逆流至液冷系统37中。同时可以理解的是，热失控气火流进入到灭火腔内后，使得灭火腔内的气压增大，通过设置单向阀36，可起到对热失控气火流进行阻碍的作用，避免热失控气火流在气压的作用下进入到液冷系统37中造成冷却系统的管路内压过大的情况，由此，可保证喷淋系统处于安全稳定的运行状态。
其中，单向阀36可为电磁单向阀36，且单向阀36与控制器33电连接，以通过控制器33驱动单向阀36开启或关闭。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置34包括设于电池箱体的驱动电机，驱动电机与设于冷却管路35中的水泵电连接，控制器33与驱动电机电连接，以使控制器33可将控制信号输出给驱动电机，从而使得驱动电机能够对冷却管路35中的水泵进行驱动，由水泵带动液冷系统37中的冷却液朝向喷头31流动，且驱动电机可采用电池模组4进行供电，不需单独增加动力电源，利于降低成本。
或者，驱动装置34也可包括气压驱动管路，气压驱动管路与冷却管路35相连以用于朝冷却管路35提供驱动气压，也可实现冷却液的驱动。
在另一些实施例中，电池包还包括：外接管口，外接管口安装于侧壁，且外接管口的第一端与灭火通道11连通，且外接管口的第二端用于外接冷却水路。也就是说，本申请中 还可在侧壁处安装外接管口，以通过外接管口将外部冷却水路中的冷却水引入到灭火通道11内，直接对灭火通道11内的气火流进行冷却。
由此，本申请中的电池包，在电池模组4发生热失控时，电池模组4产生的气火流在进入到灭火通道11内，可首先通过外接管口处的冷却水进行初次冷却和降温，且在气火流进入到灭火盒2之后，冷却系统37的冷却板中的冷却液在驱动电机的作用下通过冷却管路35流向喷头31，且进入到灭火盒2中对气火流进行二次冷却和灭火，由此，可极大地减少气火流中的火焰，延缓火焰最终喷出电池包100外的时间，给车内人员更多的逃生时间，提高整车的热失控安全性。
在一些实施例中，灭火盒2包括进火口和出火口，进火口和出火口均与灭火腔连通，且进火口和排火口相接，出火口将灭火腔与外部连通，进火口和出火口中的至少一个处设有测温元件32。
也就是说，测温元件32可安装于进火口，也可安装于出火口，或者在进火口和出火口均安装于测温元件32，以实现对灭火腔内温度的检测，当然，也可选取多个测温元件32，以使多个测温元件32同时对灭火腔内的温度进行检测，控制器33根据多个测温元件32的检测结果综合分析判断，以更加准确地获取到灭火腔内的实际温度。
在一些实施例中，喷头31为多个，多个喷头31间隔开布置于灭火腔内，且多个喷头31设置为分别从不同的方向朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。如多个喷头31分别固定安装于灭火腔的多个侧壁中，具体地，可在灭火腔的上侧壁、下侧壁和周向侧壁均设置喷头31，以增加对热失控气火流的冷却效果，有效地降低进入到灭火盒2内的火焰或高压气流的温度，延缓火焰最终喷出电池包100外的时间，给车内人员更多的逃生时间，提高整车的热失控安全性。
本申请还提出了一种电池包100。
根据本申请实施例的电池包100，设置有上述任一种实施例的电池箱体，能够实现热失控气火流的定向排出，保证电池箱体内的系统压力平衡，且通过在灭火盒2内设置喷淋系统，可朝向灭火腔内喷淋冷却液，以使冷却液与热失控气火流接触，从而实现对热失控气火流的降温和冷却，延长明火喷出电池包100的时间，提高电池包100的安全性。
其中，需要说明的是，在壳体1的侧壁远离灭火盒2的一端设有封堵结构，以使壳体1的两侧的灭火通道间隔开，如图5所示，在壳体1的侧壁远离灭火盒2的一端的左侧位置处(如k1)和右侧位置处(如k2)设有封堵结构，以将两侧的灭火通道11间隔开，避免电池箱体的两侧气火流串流。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、 “水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，“第一特征”、“第二特征”可以包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，第一特征在第二特征“之上”或“之下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。
在本申请的描述中，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池箱体，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体(1)，所述壳体(1)的侧壁内设灭火通道(11)，且所述壳体(1)的侧壁还设有与所述灭火通道(11)连通的排火口；
    灭火盒(2)，所述灭火盒(2)安装于所述排火口处，所述灭火盒(2)内具有与所述排火口连通的灭火腔；
    喷淋系统，所述喷淋系统用于选择性地朝向所述灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述喷淋系统包括喷头(31)、测温元件(32)和控制器(33)，所述喷头(31)和所述测温元件(32)均安装于所述灭火腔内，且所述控制器(33)用于根据所述测温元件(32)的检测结果对所述喷头(31)处的冷却液流通状态进行控制。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，还包括：驱动装置(34)，所述驱动装置(34)安装于所述壳体(1)内，所述喷头(31)与液冷系统(37)相连，且所述控制器(33)用于控制所述驱动装置(34)驱动所述液冷系统(37)中的冷却液流向所述喷头(31)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述液冷系统(37)安装于所述壳体(1)内且用于对安装于所述壳体(1)内的电池模组(4)进行冷却。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述液冷系统(37)与所述喷头(31)之间通过冷却管路(35)连通，且在所述冷却管路(35)中设有单向阀(36)，所述单向阀(36)构造为从所述液冷系统(37)到所述喷头(31)单向导通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(34)包括设于所述电池箱体的驱动电机，所述驱动电机与设于所述冷却管路(35)中的水泵电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，还包括：外接管口，所述外接管口安装于所述侧壁，且所述外接管口的第一端与所述灭火通道(11)连通，且所述外接管口的第二端用于外接冷却水路。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述灭火盒(2)包括进火口和出火口，所述进火口和所述出火口均与所述灭火腔连通，且所述进火口和所述排火口相接，所述出火口将所述灭火腔与外部连通，所述进火口和所述出火口中的至少一个处设有所述测温元件(32)。
  9. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述喷头(31)为多个，多个所述喷头(31)间隔开布置于所述灭火腔内，且多个所述喷头(31)设置为分别从不同的方向朝向所述灭火腔内喷淋冷却液。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述侧壁设有与所述电池模组(4)的定向排爆口(41)正对的导气口(12)，所述导气口(12)用于将所述灭火通道(11)和安装腔连通。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述灭火通道(11)内设有分隔筋，所述分隔筋将所述灭火通道(11)分隔为沿上下方向间隔开的多个子通道(111)。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述控制器(33)通过所述驱动装置(34)对所述液冷系统(37)与喷头(31)之间的冷却液的流动状态进行控制。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述控制器(33)当所述灭火腔内的热失控气火流温度过高时且超过预设温度值时，控制所述喷淋系统开启；当所述灭火腔内的热失控气火流温度较低时且低于预设温度值时，控制所述喷淋系统处于关闭状态。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池箱体，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(34)也包括气压驱动管路，所述气压驱动管路与冷却管路(35)相连以用于朝所述冷却管路(35)提供驱动气压，实现冷却液的驱动。
  15. 一种电池包(100)，其特征在于，设置有权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池箱体。
PCT/CN2021/137547 2020-12-29 2021-12-13 电池箱体和电池包 WO2022143132A1 (zh)

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