WO2024109418A1 - 电池包及汽车 - Google Patents

电池包及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024109418A1
WO2024109418A1 PCT/CN2023/126053 CN2023126053W WO2024109418A1 WO 2024109418 A1 WO2024109418 A1 WO 2024109418A1 CN 2023126053 W CN2023126053 W CN 2023126053W WO 2024109418 A1 WO2024109418 A1 WO 2024109418A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust
bottom plate
battery pack
battery cell
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/126053
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王利冠
于林
潘福中
占莉
王玉玲
牛亚琪
Original Assignee
浙江极氪智能科技有限公司
威睿电动汽车技术(宁波)有限公司
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江极氪智能科技有限公司, 威睿电动汽车技术(宁波)有限公司, 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 filed Critical 浙江极氪智能科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024109418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024109418A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the field of new energy, in particular to a battery pack and a car.
  • a plurality of battery cells are generally arranged in a battery cell mounting shell in a manner of being connected in series or in parallel, so as to form a battery as a whole that can provide a higher voltage and a higher energy density to the outside, also called a battery pack.
  • the utility model provides a battery pack and a vehicle, which can prevent a battery cell in the battery pack from thermal runaway and affect other battery cells.
  • the utility model provides a battery pack, which includes a shell assembly and multiple battery cells
  • the shell assembly includes side panels and a bottom plate, the side panels are arranged around the sides of the bottom plate; the side panels and the bottom plate together form a battery cell installation compartment, and the battery cells are arranged in the battery cell installation compartment; an exhaust compartment is arranged below the bottom plate, and the bottom plate forms at least a part of the compartment wall of the exhaust compartment; a plurality of exhaust holes connecting the battery cell installation compartment and the exhaust compartment are opened on the bottom plate, and the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells are respectively arranged at the multiple exhaust holes.
  • the shell assembly also includes a first protective plate, the bottom plate and the first protective plate are spaced apart, the bottom plate, the first protective plate and the side plate together form an exhaust bin, and the first protective plate serves as the bottom of the exhaust bin.
  • the bottom plate has a plurality of recessed portions recessed in a direction away from the battery cells, the recessed portions forming exhaust chambers, and the exhaust chambers and explosion-proof valves are correspondingly arranged.
  • a second protective plate is provided in the exhaust chamber, and the second protective plate at least covers the projection area of the explosion-proof valve at the bottom of the exhaust chamber.
  • the cross section of the recessed portion is in an inverted trapezoidal shape.
  • it also includes a barrier member, which is arranged around the exhaust hole.
  • the barrier is foam or rubber.
  • it also includes an isolation member, which covers the exhaust hole and isolates the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust chamber.
  • the size of the exhaust hole is larger than the size of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the exhaust chamber is connected to the outside of the battery pack through a pressure relief valve.
  • the utility model further provides a car, comprising any battery pack in the first aspect.
  • the battery pack provided by the utility model includes a shell assembly and a plurality of battery cells
  • the shell assembly includes a side plate and a bottom plate, the side plate is arranged around the bottom plate; the side plate and the bottom plate together form a battery cell installation chamber, and the battery cell is arranged in the battery cell installation chamber; an exhaust chamber is arranged below the bottom plate, and the bottom plate forms at least part of the chamber wall of the exhaust chamber; a plurality of exhaust holes connecting the battery cell installation chamber and the exhaust chamber are provided on the bottom plate, and the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells are respectively arranged at the plurality of exhaust holes.
  • the battery pack provided by the utility model is provided with an exhaust chamber below the bottom plate and a plurality of exhaust holes connecting the battery cell installation chamber and the exhaust chamber are provided on the bottom plate, and then the explosion-proof valves on the battery cells installed in the battery cell installation chamber are aligned with the exhaust holes.
  • the high-temperature gas in the battery cell can enter the exhaust chamber through the exhaust holes after the explosion-proof valve on the battery cell is opened, thereby leaving a buffer space for the discharge of the high-temperature gas, preventing the high-temperature gas from directly impacting the adjacent battery cells and the battery cell installation chamber, and improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present utility model
  • FIG2 is a side view of FIG1;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a battery cell and an exhaust hole in a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the utility model
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of another battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present utility model
  • FIG5 is an enlarged view of the recessed portion in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first type of battery cell in a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present utility model
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the battery cell in FIG6 ;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second type of battery cell in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.
  • 100-battery pack 100-battery pack; 110-housing assembly; 111-side panel; 112- bottom plate; 1121- Exhaust hole; 1122-depression; 113- first protective plate; 120-battery cell; 121-explosion-proof valve; 130-exhaust chamber; 131 - second protective plate; 140-barrier; 150-Isolator.
  • the terms “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, “back”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner”, “outer”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “lateral”, “longitudinal” and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the utility model and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.
  • the terms “installed”, “set”, “provided with”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure
  • it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • first means two or more.
  • an explosion-proof valve is generally provided on the battery cells.
  • the explosion-proof valve is generally a relatively weak point on the battery cell shell.
  • the high-temperature gas inside the battery cell will preferentially rush out from the explosion-proof valve on the battery cell, thereby preventing the battery cell from exploding.
  • the inventor found that in the existing battery pack, in order to save space, the battery cells are generally close to each other.
  • the high-temperature gas discharged from the explosion-proof valve can easily affect other nearby battery cells, or directly impact the battery cell installation compartment, thereby causing serious safety hazards.
  • the inventor thought of providing an exhaust compartment under the bottom plate and opening a plurality of exhaust holes on the bottom plate that connect the battery cell installation compartment and the exhaust compartment, and then aligning the explosion-proof valve on the battery cell installed in the battery cell installation compartment with the exhaust hole. In this way, when a battery cell accidentally has thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas in the battery cell will rush out of the battery cell after opening the exhaust hole on the battery cell.
  • the gas After passing through the explosion-proof valve, the gas can enter the exhaust bin through the exhaust hole, thereby leaving a buffer space for the discharge of high-temperature gas and preventing the high-temperature gas from directly impacting the adjacent battery cells and battery cell installation bin, so as to improve the safety and reliability of the battery pack.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of battery cells and exhaust holes in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of another battery pack provided in an embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the recessed portion in Figure 4
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first type of battery cell in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the battery cell in Figure 6
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second type of battery cell in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the utility model.
  • an embodiment of the utility model provides a battery pack 100, which includes a shell assembly 110 and a plurality of battery cells 120.
  • the shell assembly 110 includes a side plate 111 and a bottom plate 112, wherein the side plate 111 is arranged around the bottom plate 112; the side plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 together form a battery cell 120 installation compartment, in which the battery cells 120 are arranged; an exhaust compartment 130 is arranged below the bottom plate 112, and the bottom plate 112 forms at least a portion of the compartment wall of the exhaust compartment 130; a plurality of exhaust holes 1121 connecting the battery cell 120 installation compartment and the exhaust compartment 130 are opened on the bottom plate 112, and the explosion-proof valves 121 of the battery cells 120 are respectively arranged at the plurality of exhaust holes 1121.
  • the main function of the shell assembly 110 is to confine the multiple battery cells 120 within a certain space and protect the battery cells 120 so that the multiple battery cells 120 form a whole that is convenient to move and store.
  • the shape of the battery cell 120 may be a cylindrical battery cell 120 , a square battery cell 120 , or a heterogeneous battery cell 120 , which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the number of the exhaust holes 1121 can be consistent with the number of the battery cells 120, and a battery cell 120 is disposed at each exhaust hole 1121, and the explosion-proof valve 121 of the battery cell 120 is closely attached to the exhaust hole 1121.
  • the battery cell 120 can be disposed on the bottom plate 112 by gluing, and the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120 is aligned with the exhaust hole 1121 during gluing.
  • the function of the explosion-proof valve 121 is mainly to serve as a release point for the pressure inside the battery cell 120.
  • the explosion-proof valve 121 is generally a relatively weak point on the outer shell of the battery cell 120.
  • the stress that the explosion-proof valve 121 can withstand is smaller than that of the rest of the outer shell of the battery cell 120.
  • the high-temperature gas inside the battery cell 120 will preferentially rush out from the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120, thereby preventing the battery cell 120 from exploding.
  • the battery pack 100 provided in the embodiment of the utility model is provided with an exhaust chamber below the bottom plate 112 130 and a plurality of exhaust holes 1121 connecting the battery cell 120 installation compartment and the exhaust compartment 130 are opened on the bottom plate 112, and the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120 installed in the battery cell 120 installation compartment is aligned with the exhaust hole 1121.
  • the high-temperature gas in the battery cell 120 can enter the exhaust compartment 130 through the exhaust hole 1121 after breaking the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120, thereby leaving a buffer space for the discharge of the high-temperature gas, preventing the high-temperature gas from directly impacting the adjacent battery cell 120 and the battery cell 120 installation compartment, and improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack 100.
  • the shell assembly 110 may further include a first protective plate 113, so that the bottom plate 112 and the first protective plate 113 are spaced apart, and the bottom plate 112, the first protective plate 113 and the side plate 111 together form an exhaust bin 130, and the first protective plate 113 serves as the bottom of the exhaust bin 130.
  • the exhaust bin 130 is arranged in this way, which is simple and easy to process.
  • the first protective plate 113 is used as the bottom wall of the exhaust bin 130, and the high-temperature gas sprayed from the exhaust hole directly acts on the first protective plate 113, so as to prevent the high-temperature gas from directly acting on the installation bin of the battery cell 120.
  • the first protective plate 113 is arranged at the bottom of the battery pack 100, and can also be easily replaced when damaged.
  • the first protective plate 113 can be made of high-temperature resistant materials, such as mica board, or a layer of high-temperature resistant material can be sprayed on the surface of the protective plate. In this way, the high-temperature gas sprayed from the exhaust hole 1121 is unlikely to cause damage to the first protective plate 113, thereby improving the reliability of the first protective plate 113.
  • the bottom plate 112 may have a plurality of recessed portions 1122 recessed in a direction away from the battery cells 120, and exhaust bins 130 may be formed by these recessed portions 1122, and the exhaust bins 130 and the explosion-proof valves 121 are arranged correspondingly.
  • the exhaust bins 130 can be isolated from each other, and when a battery cell 120 has thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas discharged from its explosion-proof valve 121 will only stay in the corresponding exhaust bin 130 below the battery cell 120, and will not enter other exhaust bins 130, thereby preventing the generated high-temperature gas from having an adverse effect on other battery cells 120.
  • the bottom plate 112 at each exhaust hole 1121 can form a recessed exhaust bin 130 independently, or the bottom plate 112 at the adjacent multiple exhaust holes 1121 can be recessed as a whole to form an exhaust bin 130 connecting the adjacent multiple exhaust holes 1121.
  • multiple rows and columns of exhaust holes 1121 are provided on the bottom plate 112, so that the exhaust holes 1121 in each column can share one exhaust bin 130, or the exhaust holes 1121 in each row can share one exhaust bin 130.
  • the high-temperature gas in the exhaust bin 130 can be prevented from spreading to other battery cells 120 to a certain extent, and the exhaust bin 130 can be reduced to a certain extent. Processing difficulty.
  • a second protective plate 131 may be further provided in the exhaust chamber 130, and the second protective plate 131 at least covers the projection area of the explosion-proof valve 121 at the bottom of the exhaust chamber 130.
  • the shape of the recessed portion 1122 can have various forms.
  • the cross-section of the recessed portion 1122 can be set to an inverted trapezoid.
  • the side wall of the exhaust bin 130 can have a certain inclination, so that the high-temperature gas sprayed from the exhaust hole 1121 is not easy to directly act on the side wall of the exhaust bin 130, thereby protecting the exhaust bin 130.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the exhaust bin 130 can also be square, circular, etc., and this embodiment does not make any specific restrictions.
  • a barrier 140 may be further included, and the barrier 140 is arranged around the vent 1121. It is understandable that the battery cell 120 is generally bonded to the bottom plate 112 by gluing, and the adhesive between the battery cell 120 and the bottom plate 112 may be melted due to the high temperature generated by the battery cell 120 and then spread to the explosion-proof valve 121 of the battery cell 120. Therefore, the explosion-proof valve 121 located on the upper side of the vent 1121 may be surrounded by a barrier 140 arranged around the vent 1121 to prevent the adhesive on the bottom plate 112 from spreading to the explosion-proof valve 121, which may cause the explosion-proof valve 121 to fail to open normally and affect the reliability of the explosion-proof valve 121.
  • the barrier 140 may be made of a material with certain elasticity, such as foam or rubber, so that under the compression of the battery cell 120 and the bottom plate 112, the barrier 140 may be deformed to improve the sealing performance.
  • an isolation member 150 may also be included, so that the isolation member 150 can cover the exhaust hole 1121 and isolate the explosion-proof valve 121 and the exhaust chamber 130.
  • the isolation member 150 covers the exhaust hole 1121, which can prevent the high-temperature gas discharged from one of the battery cells 120 due to thermal runaway from flowing through the exhaust chamber 130 to the explosion-proof valve 121 of other battery cells 120, thereby causing adverse effects on other battery cells 120.
  • the isolation member 150 can generally be made of high-temperature resistant materials to prevent the gas in the exhaust chamber 130 from being easily destroyed.
  • the isolation member 150 can be processed into a thin film to ensure that the high-temperature gas in the battery cell 120 can continue to easily break through the isolation member 150 after breaking through the explosion-proof valve 121. Thereby, the battery 120 can smoothly enter the exhaust chamber 130.
  • the isolation member 150 can be a thin sheet or film processed from a mica plate.
  • a layer of isolation member 150 can be covered at both ends of the exhaust hole 1121 on the bottom plate 112. The double-layer isolation member 150 further prevents the high-temperature gas from contacting the explosion-proof valve 121 of other battery cells 120 through the flow in the exhaust chamber 130.
  • the isolation member 150 can also directly cover the surface of the explosion-proof valve 121 of the battery cell 120. When the battery cell 120 is set at the exhaust hole 1121, the isolation member 150 on the surface of the explosion-proof valve 121 can also cover the exhaust hole 1121.
  • the size of the exhaust hole 1121 can also be made larger than the size of the explosion-proof valve 121.
  • Such a setting can ensure that the high-temperature gas rushing out of the explosion-proof valve 121 can all enter the exhaust bin 130 through the exhaust hole 1121, thereby preventing part of the high-temperature gas discharged from the explosion-proof valve 121 from directly impacting the bottom plate 112, thereby protecting the bottom plate 112.
  • the exhaust bin 130 can be connected to the outside of the battery pack 100 through a pressure relief valve, wherein the pressure relief valve can discharge the high-temperature gas in the exhaust bin 130 out of the battery pack 100 in time to achieve the cooling and pressure reduction effects on the exhaust bin 130.
  • the battery pack 100 provided by the utility model includes a shell assembly 110 and a plurality of battery cells 120, the shell assembly 110 includes a side plate 111 and a bottom plate 112, the side plate 111 is arranged around the periphery of the bottom plate 112; the side plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 together form a battery cell 120 installation chamber, and the battery cell 120 is arranged in the battery cell 120 installation chamber; an exhaust chamber 130 is arranged below the bottom plate 112, and the bottom plate 112 forms at least a part of the chamber wall of the exhaust chamber 130; a plurality of exhaust holes 1121 connecting the battery cell 120 installation chamber and the exhaust chamber 130 are opened on the bottom plate 112, and the explosion-proof valves 121 of the battery cell 120 are respectively arranged at the plurality of exhaust holes 1121.
  • the battery pack 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model is provided with an exhaust bin 130 below the bottom plate 112 and a plurality of exhaust holes 1121 connecting the battery cell 120 installation bin and the exhaust bin 130 on the bottom plate 112, and then the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120 installed in the battery cell 120 installation bin is aligned with the exhaust hole 1121.
  • the high-temperature gas in the battery cell 120 can enter the exhaust bin 130 through the exhaust hole 1121 after breaking the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120, thereby leaving a buffer space for the discharge of the high-temperature gas, preventing the high-temperature gas from directly impacting the adjacent battery cell 120 and the battery cell 120 installation bin, and improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack 100.
  • the embodiment of the utility model further provides a car, which includes any one of the battery packs 100 in the above embodiments.
  • the battery pack 100 includes a housing assembly 110 and a plurality of battery cells.
  • the shell assembly 110 includes a side plate 111 and a bottom plate 112, the side plate 111 is arranged around the bottom plate 112; the side plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 together form a battery cell 120 installation chamber, and the battery cell 120 is arranged in the battery cell 120 installation chamber; an exhaust chamber 130 is arranged below the bottom plate 112, and the bottom plate 112 forms at least a part of the chamber wall of the exhaust chamber 130; a plurality of exhaust holes 1121 connecting the battery cell 120 installation chamber and the exhaust chamber 130 are opened on the bottom plate 112, and the explosion-proof valves 121 of the battery cell 120 are respectively arranged at the plurality of exhaust holes 1121.
  • the battery pack 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model is provided with an exhaust chamber 130 below the bottom plate 112 and a plurality of exhaust holes 1121 connecting the battery cell 120 installation chamber and the exhaust chamber 130 on the bottom plate 112, and then the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120 installed in the battery cell 120 installation chamber is aligned with the exhaust hole 1121.
  • the high-temperature gas in the battery cell 120 can enter the exhaust chamber 130 through the exhaust hole 1121 after breaking the explosion-proof valve 121 on the battery cell 120, thereby leaving a buffer space for the discharge of the high-temperature gas, preventing the high-temperature gas from directly impacting the adjacent battery cell 120 and the battery cell 120 installation chamber, and improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack 100. Since the automobile provided by the embodiment of the utility model uses the battery pack 100, the power and endurance of the automobile are further guaranteed, and the safety performance and reliability performance of the automobile are improved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池包及汽车，电池包包括壳体组件和多个电芯，壳体组件包括侧板和底板，侧板围设于底板的周侧；侧板和底板共同围成电芯安装仓，电芯设置于电芯安装仓中；底板下方设置有排气仓，且底板形成排气仓的至少部分仓壁；底板上开设有多个连通电芯安装仓和排气仓的排气孔，电芯的防爆阀分别对应设置于多个排气孔处。所述结构可以防止电池包中的某个电芯热失控后波及其它电芯。

Description

电池包及汽车
本申请要求于2022年11月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为202223122889.X、申请名称为“电池包及汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本实用新型涉及新能源领域，尤其涉及一种电池包和汽车。
背景技术
如今，电芯的应用已极为广泛，在一些如电动车对电芯电压和电芯容量要求较高的领域，单个电芯已很难满足要求，往往需要将多个电芯制成电池包，然后以电池包的形式对外供电。
现有技术中，一般是将多个电芯以串联或并联的方式设置在电芯安装壳中，以此形成一个可以对外提供更高电压和更高能量密度的电池整体，也称电池包。
然而，发明人发现，目前的电池包在其中某个电芯因热失控后，所排出高温气体会对其它电芯产生不利影响。
实用新型内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的至少一个问题，本实用新型提供一种电池包及汽车，可以防止电池包中的某个电芯热失控后波及其它电芯。
为了实现上述目的，本实用新型提供如下技术方案：
第一方面，本实用新型提供一种电池包，该电池包包括壳体组件和多个电芯，壳体组件包括侧板和底板，侧板围设于底板的周侧；侧板和底板共同围成电芯安装仓，电芯设置于电芯安装仓中；底板下方设置有排气仓，且底板形成排气仓的至少部分仓壁；底板上开设有多个连通电芯安装仓和排气仓的排气孔，电芯的防爆阀分别对应设置于多个排气孔处。
作为一种可选的实施方式，壳体组件还包括第一防护板，底板和第一防护板间隔设置，底板、第一防护板和侧板之间共同围成排气仓，第一防护板作为排气仓的底部。
作为一种可选的实施方式，底板具有向背离电芯的方向凹陷的多个凹陷部，凹陷部形成排气仓，排气仓和防爆阀对应设置。
作为一种可选的实施方式，排气仓内设置有第二防护板，第二防护板至少覆盖防爆阀在排气仓底部的投影区域。
作为一种可选的实施方式，凹陷部的的截面呈倒梯形。
作为一种可选的实施方式，还包括阻隔件，阻隔件围设在排气孔外围。
作为一种可选的实施方式，阻隔件为泡棉或者橡胶。
作为一种可选的实施方式，还包括隔离件，隔离件覆盖在排气孔处，并隔离防爆阀和排气仓。
作为一种可选的实施方式，排气孔的尺寸大于防爆阀的尺寸。
作为一种可选的实施方式，排气仓通过泄压阀与电池包外部连通。
第二方面，本实用新型还提供一种汽车，该汽车包括第一方面中的任意一项电池包。
本实用新型提供的电池包包括壳体组件和多个电芯，壳体组件包括侧板和底板，侧板围设于底板的周侧；侧板和底板共同围成电芯安装仓，电芯设置于电芯安装仓中；底板下方设置有排气仓，且底板形成排气仓的至少部分仓壁；底板上开设有多个连通电芯安装仓和排气仓的排气孔，电芯的防爆阀分别对应设置于多个排气孔处。本实用新型提供的电池包通过在底板下方设置排气仓以及在底板上开设多个连通电芯安装仓和排气仓的排气孔，再使电芯安装仓中安装的电芯上的防爆阀对准排气孔，当某个电芯因意外发生热失控时，该电芯中的高温气体在冲开电芯上的防爆阀后可以通过排气孔进入到排气仓中，从而为高温气体的排放留出缓冲空间，防止高温气体直接冲击临近的电芯和电芯安装仓，提高了电池包的安全性和可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本实用新型的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包的整体结构示意图；
图2为图1的侧视图；
图3为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包中电芯与排气孔的安装示意图；
图4为本实用新型实施例提供的另一种电池包的整体结构示意图；
图5为图4中凹陷部处的放大图；
图6为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包中的第一种电芯的结构示意图；
图7为图6中的电芯的底部的示意图；
图8为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包中的第二种电芯的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-电池包；
110-壳体组件；
111-侧板；
112-底板；
1121-排气孔；
1122-凹陷部；
113-第一防护板；
120-电芯；
121-防爆阀；
130-排气仓；
131-第二防护板；
140-阻隔件；
150-隔离件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本实用新型一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都 属于本实用新型保护的范围。
在申请中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“竖直”、“水平”、“横向”、“纵向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系。这些术语主要是为了更好地描述本实用新型及其实施例，并非用于限定所指示的装置、元件或组成部分必须具有特定方位，或以特定方位进行构造和操作。
并且，上述部分术语除了可以用于表示方位或位置关系以外，还可能用于表示其他含义，例如术语“上”在某些情况下也可能用于表示某种依附关系或连接关系。对于本领域普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解这些术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
此外，术语“安装”、“设置”、“设有”、“连接”、“相连”应做广义理解。例如，可以是固定连接，可拆卸连接，或整体式构造；可以是机械连接，或电连接；可以是直接相连，或者是通过中间媒介间接相连，又或者是两个装置、元件或组成部分之间内部的连通。对于本领域普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等主要是用于区分不同的装置、元件或组成部分(具体的种类和构造可能相同也可能不同)，并非用于表明或暗示所指示装置、元件或组成部分的相对重要性和数量。除非另有说明，“多个”的含义为两个或两个以上。
电池包在充放电过程中，其中的电芯中会产生一定高温化学气体，这些高温化学气体累积到一定程度后，电芯可能会面临爆炸风险，因此，一般的电芯上会设置防爆阀，防爆阀处一般为电芯外壳上较为薄弱之处，当电芯内部气压达到一定程度后，电芯内部的高温气体会优先从电芯上的防爆阀处冲出，从而可以防止电芯发生爆炸。然而，发明人发现，现有的电池包中，为了节省空间，电芯之间一般都距离较近，因此，当其中某个电芯发生热失控时，从防爆阀排出的高温气体很容易波及附近的其它电芯，或者直接冲击电芯的安装仓，从而带来严重安全隐患。有鉴于此，发明人想到，在底板下方设置排气仓以及在底板上开设多个连通电芯安装仓和排气仓的排气孔，再使电芯安装仓中安装的电芯上的防爆阀对准排气孔，如此，当某个电芯因意外发生热失控时，该电芯中的高温气体在冲开电芯上 的防爆阀后可以通过排气孔进入到排气仓中，从而为高温气体的排放留出缓冲空间，防止高温气体直接冲击临近的电芯和电芯安装仓，以提高电池包的安全性和可靠性。
图1为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包的整体结构示意图；图2为图1的侧视图；图3为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包中电芯与排气孔的安装示意图；图4为本实用新型实施例提供的另一种电池包的整体结构示意图；图5为图4中凹陷部处的放大图；图6为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包中的第一种电芯的结构示意图；图7为图6中的电芯的底部的示意图；图8为本实用新型实施例提供的一种电池包中的第二种电芯的结构示意图。可以参考图1至图8，本实用新型实施例提供一种电池包100，该电池包100包括壳体组件110和多个电芯120，壳体组件110包括侧板111和底板112，侧板111围设于底板112的周侧；侧板111和底板112共同围成电芯120安装仓，电芯120设置于电芯120安装仓中；底板112下方设置有排气仓130，且底板112形成排气仓130的至少部分仓壁；底板112上开设有多个连通电芯120安装仓和排气仓130的排气孔1121，电芯120的防爆阀121分别对应设置于多个排气孔1121处。
壳体组件110的主要作用是将多个电芯120限制在一定空间内，并对电芯120进行保护，使多个电芯120构成一个方便移动、储存的整体。
其中，电芯120的形状可以是圆柱形电芯120、方形电芯120或者异性电芯120，本实施例对此不作具体限制。
排气孔1121的数量可以与电芯120的数量一致，每个排气孔1121处设置一个电芯120，且电芯120的防爆阀121紧贴在排气孔1121处。具体地，电芯120可以通过胶粘的方式设置在底板112上，粘接的时候使电芯120上的防爆阀121对准排气孔1121处。
其中，防爆阀121的作用主要是作为电芯120内压力的释放点，具体地，防爆阀121处一般为电芯120外壳上较为薄弱之处，防爆阀121处所能承受的应力比电芯120外壳其余之处较小，当电芯120内部气压达到一定程度后，电芯120内部的高温气体会优先从电芯120上的防爆阀121处冲出，从而可以防止电芯120发生爆炸。
本实用新型实施例提供的电池包100通过在底板112下方设置排气仓 130以及在底板112上开设多个连通电芯120安装仓和排气仓130的排气孔1121，再使电芯120安装仓中安装的电芯120上的防爆阀121对准排气孔1121，当某个电芯120因意外发生热失控时，该电芯120中的高温气体在冲开电芯120上的防爆阀121后可以通过排气孔1121进入到排气仓130中，从而为高温气体的排放留出缓冲空间，防止高温气体直接冲击临近的电芯120和电芯120安装仓，提高了电池包100的安全性和可靠性。
上述实施例中，壳体组件110还可以包括第一防护板113，可使底板112和第一防护板113间隔设置，底板112、第一防护板113和侧板111之间共同围成排气仓130，第一防护板113作为排气仓130的底部。排气仓130如此设置，简单易加工。使第一防护板113作为排气仓130的底壁，从排空孔喷入的高温气体直接作用的对象将会是第一防护板113，避免高温气体直接作用在电芯120安装仓上，第一防护板113设置在电池包100的底部，也可以在损坏的时候方便更换。
其中，第一防护板113可以选用耐高温的材料，例如云母板等，或者在防护板表面喷涂一层耐高温的材料，如此，从排气孔1121喷入的高温气体难以对第一防护板113造成损坏，提高了第一防护板113的可靠性。
如图4和图5所示，上述实施例中，底板112上可以具有向背离电芯120的方向凹陷的多个凹陷部1122，可以通过这些凹陷部1122形成排气仓130，排气仓130和防爆阀121对应设置。如此设置，可以使排气仓130之间被隔离开，当某个电芯120发生热失控时，从其防爆阀121处排出的高温气体只会停留在该电芯120下方对应的排气仓130中，而不会进入到别的排气仓130内，避免了所产生的高温气体对其他电芯120产生不利影响。
需要说明的是，上述实施例中，每个排气孔1121处的底板112可以单独形成一个下凹的排气仓130，也可以使相邻的多个排气孔1121处的底板112整体向下凹陷形成一个连通相邻的多个排气孔1121的排气仓130，具体地，例如图1所示，底板112上设置有多排和多列的排气孔1121，可以使每一列的排气孔1121共用一个排气仓130，或者使每一排的排气孔1121共用一个排气仓130，如此，既可以在一定程度上防止排气仓130内的高温气体波及到其它电芯120，也可以在一定程度上降低排气仓130的 加工难度。
在本实施例中，还可以在排气仓130内设置第二防护板131，第二防护板131至少覆盖防爆阀121在排气仓130底部的投影区域。通过在排气仓130内设置第二防护板131，使得从排空孔喷入的高温气体直接作用的对象换成第二防护板131，以对原本由底板112构成的排气仓130的仓壁进行保护，当第二防护板131被高温气体损坏时，只需更换第二防护板131即可。进一步地，第二防护板131的可以选用诸如云母板之类的耐高温材料，以提高第二防护板131的耐久度。
在具体实施的时候，凹陷部1122的形状可以有多种形式，例如，可以将凹陷部1122的截面设置成倒梯形，如此设置，可以使的排气仓130的侧壁具有一定的倾斜，使得从排气孔1121喷入的高温气体不容易直接作用在排气仓130的侧壁上，起到对排气仓130保护的作用，当然，排气仓130的截面形状也可以是方形、圆形等，本实施例并不作具体限制。
上述实施例中，还可以包括阻隔件140，阻隔件140围设在排气孔1121外围。可以理解的是，电芯120一般通过胶粘的方式粘接在底板112上，电芯120和底板112之间的胶粘剂可能因电芯120产生的高温融化后波及到电芯120防爆阀121处，因此，可以通过排气孔1121周围设置阻隔件140的方法来将位于排气孔1121上侧的防爆阀121给围设起来，以防止底板112上的胶粘剂波及到防爆阀121，可能会导致防爆阀121不能正常开启，影响防爆阀121的可靠性。
上述实施例中，阻隔件140具体可以选用具有一定弹性的材料，例如，泡棉或者橡胶。如此，在电芯120和底板112的挤压下，阻隔件140可以通过产生一定的变形来提高密封性。
上述实施例中，还可以包括隔离件150，可使隔离件150覆盖在排气孔1121处，并隔离防爆阀121和排气仓130。隔离件150件覆盖在排气孔1121处，可以防止其中某个电芯120因热失控所排出的高温气体通过排气仓130流动至其他电芯120的防爆阀121处，从而对其他电芯120带来不利影响。其中，隔离件150一般可以选用耐高温材料，以防止为排气仓130内的气体轻易破坏，同时，隔离件150可以被加工成薄膜状，以保证电芯120内的高温气体在冲破防爆阀121后还能够继续轻易地冲破隔离件150， 从而顺利进入到排气仓130中。在具体实施的时候，隔离件150可以是由云母板加工而成的薄片或者薄膜。实施的时候，可以在底板112上的排气孔1121的两端均覆盖一层隔离件150，通过双层隔离件150进一步防止高温气体通过在排气仓130内的流动接触到其他电芯120的防爆阀121。此外，隔离件150也可以直接覆盖在电芯120的防爆阀121表面，当电芯120设置在排气孔1121处时，防爆阀121表面的隔离件150也可以顺势覆盖住排气孔1121。
在具体实施的时候，还可以使排气孔1121的尺寸大于防爆阀121的尺寸，如此设置，可以保证从防爆阀121冲出的高温气体可以全部通过排气孔1121进入到排气仓130中，避免部分从防爆阀121排出的高温气体直接冲击底板112，对底板112进行了保护。
上述实施例中，排气仓130可以通过泄压阀与电池包100外部连通，其中，泄压阀可以及时将排气仓130中的高温气体排出电池包100，以实现对排气仓130的降温、减压作用。
本实用新型提供的电池包100包括壳体组件110和多个电芯120，壳体组件110包括侧板111和底板112，侧板111围设于底板112的周侧；侧板111和底板112共同围成电芯120安装仓，电芯120设置于电芯120安装仓中；底板112下方设置有排气仓130，且底板112形成排气仓130的至少部分仓壁；底板112上开设有多个连通电芯120安装仓和排气仓130的排气孔1121，电芯120的防爆阀121分别对应设置于多个排气孔1121处。本实用新型实施例提供的电池包100通过在底板112下方设置排气仓130以及在底板112上开设多个连通电芯120安装仓和排气仓130的排气孔1121，再使电芯120安装仓中安装的电芯120上的防爆阀121对准排气孔1121，当某个电芯120因意外发生热失控时，该电芯120中的高温气体在冲开电芯120上的防爆阀121后可以通过排气孔1121进入到排气仓130中，从而为高温气体的排放留出缓冲空间，防止高温气体直接冲击临近的电芯120和电芯120安装仓，提高了电池包100的安全性和可靠性。
此外，本实用新型实施例还提供一种汽车，该汽车包括上述实施例中的任意一项电池包100。其中，电池包100包括壳体组件110和多个电芯 120，壳体组件110包括侧板111和底板112，侧板111围设于底板112的周侧；侧板111和底板112共同围成电芯120安装仓，电芯120设置于电芯120安装仓中；底板112下方设置有排气仓130，且底板112形成排气仓130的至少部分仓壁；底板112上开设有多个连通电芯120安装仓和排气仓130的排气孔1121，电芯120的防爆阀121分别对应设置于多个排气孔1121处。本实用新型实施例提供的电池包100通过在底板112下方设置排气仓130以及在底板112上开设多个连通电芯120安装仓和排气仓130的排气孔1121，再使电芯120安装仓中安装的电芯120上的防爆阀121对准排气孔1121，当某个电芯120因意外发生热失控时，该电芯120中的高温气体在冲开电芯120上的防爆阀121后可以通过排气孔1121进入到排气仓130中，从而为高温气体的排放留出缓冲空间，防止高温气体直接冲击临近的电芯120和电芯120安装仓，提高了电池包100的安全性和可靠性。由于本实用新型实施例提供的汽车使用了该电池包100，使得该汽车的动力和续航得到进一步保证，提高该汽车的安全性能和可靠性能。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本实用新型的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本实用新型进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本实用新型各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括壳体组件和多个电芯，所述壳体组件包括侧板和底板，所述侧板围设于所述底板的周侧；所述侧板和所述底板共同围成电芯安装仓，所述电芯设置于所述电芯安装仓中；所述底板下方设置有排气仓，且所述底板形成所述排气仓的至少部分仓壁；所述底板上开设有多个连通所述电芯安装仓和所述排气仓的排气孔，所述电芯的防爆阀分别对应设置于多个所述排气孔处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述壳体组件还包括第一防护板，所述底板和所述第一防护板间隔设置，所述底板、所述第一防护板和所述侧板之间共同围成所述排气仓，所述第一防护板作为所述排气仓的底部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述底板具有向背离所述电芯的方向凹陷的多个凹陷部，所述凹陷部形成所述排气仓，所述排气仓和所述防爆阀对应设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述排气仓内设置有第二防护板，所述第二防护板至少覆盖所述防爆阀在所述排气仓底部的投影区域。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述凹陷部的的截面呈倒梯形。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，还包括阻隔件，所述阻隔件围设在所述排气孔外围。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述阻隔件为泡棉或者橡胶。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，还包括隔离件，所述隔离件覆盖在所述排气孔处，并隔离所述防爆阀和所述排气仓。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述排气孔的尺寸大于所述防爆阀的尺寸。
  10. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述排气仓通过泄压阀与所述电池包外部连通。
  11. 一种汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车包括权利要求1-10任意一项中的电池包。
PCT/CN2023/126053 2022-11-22 2023-10-23 电池包及汽车 WO2024109418A1 (zh)

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