WO2023004649A1 - 电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置 - Google Patents

电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004649A1
WO2023004649A1 PCT/CN2021/109071 CN2021109071W WO2023004649A1 WO 2023004649 A1 WO2023004649 A1 WO 2023004649A1 CN 2021109071 W CN2021109071 W CN 2021109071W WO 2023004649 A1 WO2023004649 A1 WO 2023004649A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
protective member
battery cell
electrode terminal
battery according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/109071
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王磊
陈兴地
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109071 priority Critical patent/WO2023004649A1/zh
Priority to CN202180064686.9A priority patent/CN116325301A/zh
Publication of WO2023004649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004649A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage devices, and more specifically, to a battery, an electrical device, a method for preparing the battery, and a device for preparing the battery.
  • Energy saving and emission reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
  • electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to its development.
  • the application provides a battery, an electrical device, a method for preparing the battery and a device for preparing the battery, so as to improve the safety of the battery.
  • a battery including: a battery cell provided with an electrode terminal; a box body for accommodating the battery cell; a protective member arranged in the box, the protective member and the The electrode terminals are oppositely arranged, and the protection member is configured to support the battery cell and protect the electrode terminal along a first direction, the first direction being opposite to the gravity direction of the battery cell.
  • the protective member supports the part of the battery cell where the electrode terminal is arranged in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity.
  • the protective member is configured to be deformed to absorb impact energy when impacted by an external force.
  • the protective member By forming the protective member into a structure capable of deforming when subjected to an external force impact, the impact energy can be better absorbed and the battery cells can be protected.
  • the protective member includes a cushioning structure for absorbing impact energy when the protective member is impacted.
  • the rigidity of the protective member can be enhanced, and the performance of absorbing impact energy of the protective member can be further enhanced.
  • the buffer structure is formed on a surface of the protective member opposite to the battery cells.
  • the buffer structure include forming a honeycomb rib structure on the surface of the protective member facing the battery cells, or attaching a silicone rubber plate to the surface of the protective member facing the battery cells.
  • the battery cell has a cover part
  • the electrode terminal is disposed on the cover part
  • the guard member is configured to support the cover part in the first direction. That is, in the direction of gravity, the cover member on which the electrode terminals are formed, the shield member, and the case are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
  • the guard member supports the cover part of the battery cell from bottom to top.
  • the cover member has a central portion
  • the electrode terminal is disposed on the central portion
  • the guard member has a guard portion disposed opposite to the central portion, and along the first direction, the There is a gap between the guard part and the central part.
  • the central portion protrudes toward the guard portion. Accordingly, a gap is also formed between the center portion of the battery cell cover member and the inside of the battery cell, and even when the battery cell cover member receives an impact, the internal structure of the battery cell can be protected.
  • the cover part further includes side parts located on both sides of the central part in a second direction, the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction, and the protective member further includes A support part connected to the guard part, the support part is configured to support the side part along the first direction. That is, in the cover member, side portions are disposed on both sides of the central portion in the second direction, and the central portion protrudes toward the guard portion of the guard member in the first direction more than the two side portions.
  • the protective member is formed with a support portion corresponding to the side portion so that the side portion can be supported in the first direction by the support portion.
  • the support portion is extended toward the side portion.
  • the support portion can be arranged using the height difference formed between the side portion and the central portion of the cover member, thereby improving space efficiency and increasing the number of battery cells arranged in a limited space.
  • the battery further includes a thermal management component for containing fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cells; wherein the support portion is configured to support the thermal management component along the first direction. side.
  • the cover member further includes a pressure relief mechanism for actuating to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, and the protection The component is provided with an exhaust port at a position opposite to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • a gas channel is formed between the protective member and the cover part, and the gas channel communicates with the exhaust port.
  • the protective member includes a fixing portion for fixing the protective member to the box.
  • the protective member is provided with the fixing part along at least one side of the second direction, the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction, and the fixing part faces along the second direction The outer side of the protective member protrudes.
  • the box includes an installation part, and the installation part is fixedly connected with the fixing part.
  • the cover member on which the electrode terminals are formed, the shield member, and the case are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in the direction of gravity.
  • a fixing portion protruding outward in the second direction is formed on the protective member, and a mounting portion is correspondingly formed on the box body. Through the fixing of the fixing portion and the mounting portion, the protective member and the box body can be firmly fixed.
  • the battery has a plurality of the battery cells, and the guard member is configured to cover the plurality of the battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells are usually arranged in a regular arrangement in the battery. In this case, by covering the plurality of battery cells with the protective member, impact protection can be provided to the battery cells in a wide range.
  • an electric device including: the battery in the first aspect.
  • the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • a method for preparing a battery comprising: providing a battery cell, the battery cell is provided with an electrode terminal; providing a box, the box is used to accommodate the battery cell; and providing a protective A member, the protective member is disposed in the box, the protective member is disposed opposite to the electrode terminal, wherein the protective member is configured to support the battery cell in a first direction and to oppose the electrode terminal To form protection, the first direction is opposite to the direction of gravity of the battery cells.
  • a device for preparing a battery comprising: a first providing module, configured to provide a battery cell provided with an electrode terminal; a second providing module, configured to provide a box for accommodating the battery cell; The third providing module is used to provide a protective member; and an installation module is configured to arrange the protective member in the box, make the protective member opposite to the electrode terminal, and configure the protective member along the first One direction supports the battery cell and forms protection for the electrode terminal, and the first direction is opposite to the gravity direction of the battery cell.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vehicle of an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the battery in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the I-I sectional schematic diagram among Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 4;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic view of part B in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic bottom view of the state of the battery in Fig. 2 after the case is removed;
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part C of the fixing part of the protective member shown in Fig. 7 according to one embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of II-II in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part D in Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the outer surface of a protective member covering multiple battery cells according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the inner surface of a protective member according to an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part E of the buffer structure of an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a device for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • Multiple appearing in this application refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multi-piece” refers to more than two (Includes two pieces).
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including multiple battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative plates.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP or PE.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the batteries of electric vehicles often need dozens or even thousands of battery cells.
  • the battery In an electric device such as an electric vehicle, the battery is sometimes installed with each battery cell turned upside down. That is, in the direction of gravity, the battery cells are installed in the battery case so that at least some of the electrode terminals face downward.
  • the box In this case, if the battery cell is directly supported by the box in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity, when the battery placed on the chassis of the electric vehicle is hit by a collision or a foreign object, the box may be deformed due to the impact force.
  • the impact on the electrode monomer will affect the performance of the battery monomer, and even lead to the destruction of the battery monomer, causing fire, explosion and other accidents.
  • the damage here is not only mechanical damage, but also insulation damage. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanical protection and insulation protection capabilities of the battery when the battery cells are inverted.
  • a battery including: a battery cell, provided with electrode terminals; a box, used to accommodate the battery cell; a protective member, arranged in the box, the The protection member is arranged opposite to the electrode terminal, the protection member is configured to support the battery cell and form protection for the electrode terminal along a first direction, the first direction is consistent with the gravity of the battery cell in the opposite direction.
  • the protective member supports the part of the battery cell where the electrode terminal is provided in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity, and the battery cell can be protected by the protective member when the case is impacted by an external force.
  • the body is not damaged, and the insulation protection of the electrode terminals can be strengthened.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electric device, and a battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • batteries such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include Airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 100 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or Extended range cars, etc.
  • a motor 2 , a controller 3 and a battery 1 can be arranged inside the vehicle 100 , and the controller 3 is used to control the battery 1 to supply power to the motor 2 .
  • the battery 1 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 100 .
  • the battery 1 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 100 , for example, the battery 1 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 100 , used for a circuit system of the vehicle 100 , for example, used for starting, navigating, and running power requirements of the vehicle 100 .
  • the battery 1 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 100 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 100 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 100 .
  • the battery 1 may include a plurality of battery cells 10 , wherein the plurality of battery cells 10 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and the hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of a battery 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 10 , and the plurality of battery cells 10 can be arranged along a second direction X and a third direction Y, wherein the second direction X is orthogonal to the third direction Y. That is, a plurality of battery cells 10 in the battery 1 may be arranged in a matrix structure.
  • the battery 1 may have only one battery cell 10 , or have multiple battery cells 1 arranged along the second direction X, or have multiple battery cells 10 arranged along the third direction Y.
  • the battery 1 may further include a box body 50 , the inside of which is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 10 are accommodated in the box body 50 .
  • the box body 50 may include two parts, which are referred to here as an upper cover 51 and a box shell 52 respectively.
  • the upper cover 51 and the case shell 52 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the upper cover 51 and the box case 52 can be determined according to the combined shape of a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • the loam cake 51 and the case shell 52 are both hollow cuboids and have only one face as an open face, the opening of the loam cake 51 and the opening of the case shell 52 are arranged oppositely, and the loam cake 51 and the case shell 52 are interlocked to form A case 50 with a closed chamber.
  • the upper cover 51 is a cuboid with an opening and the box shell 52 is a plate shape, or the box shell 52 is a cuboid with an opening and the upper cover 51 is a plate shape, and the upper cover 51 and the box shell 52 are arranged oppositely and snapped together to form A case 50 with a closed chamber.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic bottom view of the battery in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of the I-I section in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 it is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 4 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the range of two battery cells 10 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 it is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B in FIG. 4 , is a schematic diagram of a connection manner between the protective member 30 and the cover member 20 of the battery cell 10 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a cover member 20 , a casing 21 , two electrode terminals 22 with opposite polarities, and one or more electrode assemblies (not shown) disposed in the casing 21 .
  • the casing 21 depends on the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies.
  • the casing 21 can be a hollow cuboid, cube or cylinder.
  • FIG. 5 shows the structure of the casing 21 as a hollow cuboid.
  • the case 21 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies can be placed in the case 21 through the opening, and the opening is closed with the cover part 20 .
  • the casing 21 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolytic solution.
  • an electrolyte such as an electrolytic solution.
  • the housing 21 has an opening at one end in the first direction Z
  • the battery cell 10 has a cover member 20 to close the opening of the housing 21, and two electrode terminals 22 with opposite polarities are formed on the The one cover member 20 .
  • the battery cell 10 has openings at both ends of the casing 21 along the first direction Z, and has two cover parts 20 to close the two openings of the casing 21 .
  • Two electrode terminals 22 with opposite polarities may be formed on the two cover members 20, respectively.
  • the first direction Z is a direction opposite to the direction of gravity.
  • the direction of gravity is a direction from top to bottom as shown
  • the first direction Z is orthogonal to the second direction X and the third direction Y.
  • the electrode terminal 22 can be in various shapes such as a cylinder, a cuboid, a cube, and a polygonal column.
  • the electrode terminal 22 shown in this embodiment has a cuboid structure.
  • the cover member 20 formed with the electrode terminal 22 , the shield member 30 , and the case case 52 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
  • the case 52 will When impacted by an external force, the case shell 52 may be deformed due to the impact force, and then impact the electrode terminal 22 provided on the cover part 20 of the battery cell 10, thereby affecting the performance of the battery cell 10 and even causing the battery cell 10 to be damaged.
  • the protective member 30 supports the battery cell 10 in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity, that is, the first direction Z from bottom to top.
  • the protective member 30 can play a protective role, and can also be deformed to absorb the impact energy. Therefore, the protective member 30 can be used to protect the battery cell 10 from being damaged, and the electrode terminal 22 can be strengthened. Insulation protection.
  • the cover member 20 has a central portion 201 and side portions 202 located on both sides of the central portion 201 in the second direction X, and the electrode terminals 22 are provided on the central portion 201 .
  • the second direction X is orthogonal to the first direction Z.
  • the protection member 30 has a protection part 301 opposite to the central part 201 in the second direction X, and a support part 302 connected to the protection part 301, and the support part 302 is used to support the side part 202 along the first direction Z.
  • the guard portion 301 there is a gap 300 between the guard portion 301 and the central portion 201 .
  • the gap 300 between the guard portion 301 of the guard member 30 and the central portion 201 of the cover member 20 , it is possible to allow the guard member 30 to deform when receiving an impact from the first direction Z to absorb impact energy.
  • the central portion 201 of the cover member 20 is protrudingly disposed toward the guard portion 301 compared to the side portion 202 .
  • a gap 310 is formed between the central portion 201 of the cover member 20 and the internal components of the battery cell 10 , so that the internal structure of the battery cell 10 can be protected even when the cover member 20 of the battery cell 10 receives an impact.
  • the central portion 201 protrudes toward the guard portion 301 of the guard member 30 in the first direction Z compared to the two side portions 202 .
  • a height difference along the first direction Z is formed between the side portion 202 and the central portion 201 of the cover member 20 .
  • the support portion 302 of the protection member 30 extends from the protection portion 301 toward the side portion 202 of the cover member 20 .
  • the support portion 302 of the protection member 30 is perpendicular to the protection portion 301, but it is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the support portion 302 can extend from the protection portion 301 toward the side portion 202 to support the side portion 202, it can also be Not perpendicular to the guard portion 301 .
  • the space formed by the height difference between the side portion 202 and the central portion 201 can be used to arrange the support portion 302 of the protective member 30, thereby improving the space utilization rate and increasing the number of battery cells 10 arranged in a limited space. .
  • the cover part 20 also includes a pressure relief mechanism 203, which is used to release the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 10 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold value.
  • An exhaust port 303 is provided at a position opposite to the mechanism 203 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 203 refers to an element or component that is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to design requirements. The threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell 10 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 203 can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and can specifically use a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 10 reaches When the predetermined threshold is reached, the pressure relief mechanism 203 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 203 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure or temperature relief.
  • the “activation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure release mechanism 203 is activated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 10 can be released.
  • Actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 203 may include, but are not limited to: at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 203 is ruptured, broken, torn, or opened, and the like.
  • the emissions mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrodes, fragments of separator, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by reaction, flame, etc.
  • the exhaust port 303 in the protective member 30 By forming the exhaust port 303 in the protective member 30, air conduction and exhaust can be easily performed, and the heat generated by the thermal runaway battery cell 10 can be prevented from further spreading to the adjacent battery cells 10, which can be used when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the protective components realize heat insulation and fire prevention.
  • the shield member 30 supports the cover member 20 from bottom to top in the first direction Z via the heat management member 60 .
  • the protective member 30 can also be in direct contact with the cover part 20 to support the cover part 20 , or the protective member 30 can also be fixed to the cover part 20 , for example, bonded to the cover part 20 with an adhesive or the like.
  • the thermal management component 60 is used to contain fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 10 .
  • the fluid here may be liquid or gas, and adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling the battery cells 10 .
  • the thermal management component 60 is used to contain cooling fluid to lower the temperature of the battery cell 10.
  • the thermal management component 60 can also be called a cooling component, a cooling system or a cooling system.
  • the plate and the like, the fluid contained therein may also be referred to as cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, may be referred to as cooling liquid or cooling gas.
  • the heat management component 60 can also be used for heating to raise the temperature of the battery cell 10 , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid can be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation.
  • the fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air.
  • FIG. 7 it is a schematic bottom view of the state of the battery 1 in FIG. 2 after the case 52 is removed.
  • FIG. 8 it is an enlarged schematic view showing part C of the fixing part of the protective member 30 in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 it is a schematic cross-sectional view of II-II in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 10 it is an enlarged schematic diagram of part D in FIG. 9 .
  • the protection member 30 includes a fixing portion 305 for fixing the protection member 30 to the box body 50 .
  • the protective member 30 is provided with a fixing portion 305 along at least one side of the second direction X, and the fixing portion 305 protrudes toward the outer side of the protective member 30 along the second direction X.
  • three groups of protection members 30 are arranged in the second direction X.
  • the fixing portion 305 provided on the left side protrudes outward, while in the protection member 30 in the center of FIG. set up. 7 shows an example in which three fixing parts 305 are provided on the protective member 30 covering ten battery cells 10 arranged in the third direction Y, but as long as the protective member 30 can be firmly fixed to the case 50 , the number of fixing parts 305 is not limited.
  • the box body 50 includes an installation portion 204 which is fixedly connected to a fixing portion 305 .
  • the mounting portion 204 may be, for example, the beam 70 disposed on the upper cover 51 of the box body 50 .
  • 10 shows an example in which the protective member 30 and the beam 70 are fixedly connected by bolts 80 , but it is not limited thereto.
  • the protective member 30 and the box body 50 may also be connected by other means such as bonding or riveting.
  • a fixing portion 305 protruding outward in the second direction X is formed on the protective member 30, and a mounting portion 204 is correspondingly formed on the box body 50.
  • FIG. 11 it is a schematic diagram of an outer surface of a protective member 30 covering a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic diagram of the inner surface of the guard member 30 shown in FIG. 11, and shows the honeycomb structure which is an example of the cushioning structure 40 in a figure.
  • FIG. 13 it is an enlarged schematic diagram of part E of the honeycomb structure shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 11 shows a structure in which a plurality of battery cells 10 are regularly arranged along the second direction X and the third direction Y in the battery 1 .
  • the guard member 30 by appropriately disposing the guard member 30 so as to cover a plurality of battery cells 10 , it is possible to widely provide impact protection to the battery cells 10 .
  • the protective member 30 when the protective member 30 covers a plurality of battery cells 10 regularly arranged along the second direction X and the third direction Y, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the protective member 30 is in contact with each battery cell
  • An exhaust port 303 is formed at a position opposite to the pressure release mechanism 203 of the body 10 , and a gas channel 304 is formed between the protective member 30 and the cover member 20 .
  • the gas channel 304 is located between adjacent supporting parts 302 along the second direction X.
  • the support portion 302 also extends along the third direction Y.
  • gas passages 304 communicating the plurality of exhaust ports 303 are formed. In this way, it is possible to easily guide the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 203 to the exhaust port 303 by the thermally runaway battery cells 10 , so as to realize air guide and exhaust efficiently.
  • the guard member 30 is provided with a buffer structure 40 formed by forming a plurality of reinforcing ribs in a honeycomb shape on a surface opposite to the electrode terminal 22 .
  • a honeycomb structure can strengthen the rigidity of the protective member 30 , and can absorb impact energy when the protective member 30 is impacted, so as to maintain the structural stability of the protective member 30 .
  • the gas channel 304 communicating with the exhaust port 303 is formed in the protective member 30, an escape space is formed at the position facing the electrode terminal 22 in the honeycomb buffer structure 40, thereby This can prevent the buffer structure 40 from contacting or interfering with the electrode terminal 22 .
  • the cushioning structure 40 is not limited to such a honeycomb structure, and may also be a structure in which a silicon rubber sheet or the like is attached to the surface of the protective member 30 facing the battery cell 10, for example, the silicon rubber sheet is formed with the exhaust port 303 and Gas channel 304 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, which may include the battery 1 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the battery 1 is used to provide electric energy in the electrical device.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 400 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14, the method 400 may include:
  • the box body 50 is used to accommodate the battery cells 10;
  • the protective member 30 is arranged in the box body 50, and the protective member 30 is arranged opposite to the electrode terminal 22,
  • the protective member 30 is configured to support the battery cell 10 along a first direction Z and form a shield for the electrode terminal 22 , and the first direction Z is opposite to the gravitational direction of the battery cell 10 .
  • Fig. 15 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 500 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 500 for preparing a battery may include: a first providing module 510 , a second providing module 520 , a third providing module 530 and an installation module 540 .
  • a first providing module 510 configured to provide the battery cell 10 provided with the electrode terminal 22;
  • the second providing module 520 is used to provide the box body 50 for accommodating the battery cells 10;
  • a third providing module 530 configured to provide the protective member 30
  • the module 540 Install the module 540, arrange the protective member 30 in the box body 50, make the protective member 30 opposite to the electrode terminal 22, and configure the protective member 30 to support the battery cell 10 along the first direction Z and form a protection for the electrode terminal 22.
  • the first direction Z is opposite to the gravity direction of the battery cell 10 .

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置。所述电池包括：电池单体，设置有电极端子；箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体；防护构件，设置于所述箱体内，所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，所述防护构件被配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。本申请实施例的技术方案，能够增强电池的安全性和稳定性。

Description

电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置 技术领域
本申请涉及储能装置领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
随着电池技术的不断发展，对电池的性能提出了更高的要求，希望电池能够同时考虑多方面的设计因素。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置，以提高电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：电池单体，设置有电极端子；箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体；防护构件，设置于所述箱体内，所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，所述防护构件被配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
在电池中，电池单体以其至少一部分电极端子面对箱体的方式设置且沿重力方向的相反方向被箱体直接支撑时，在箱体侧受到碰撞或冲击时，可能由于该冲击力而导致箱体变形，进而导致电池单体破坏。
本申请实施例的技术方案，通过在电极端子与箱体之间设置防护构件，使防护构件沿与重力方向相反的方向支撑电池单体的设置有电极端子的部分，在箱体受到外力冲击时，能够利用防护构件保护电池单体不被破坏，而且能够加强电极端子的绝缘防护。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件被配置为在受到外力冲击时，能够发生变形以吸收冲击能量。通过将防护构件形成为能够在受到外力冲击时进行变形的结构，能够更好地吸收冲击能量，保护电池单体。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件包括缓冲结构，所述缓冲结构用于在所 述防护构件受到冲击时吸收冲击能量。由此能够加强防护构件的刚性，并且进一步增强防护构件的吸收冲击能量的性能。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲结构形成在所述防护构件的与所述电池单体相对的面。作为缓冲结构的例子，能够举出在防护构件的与电池单体相对的面形成蜂窝式的肋结构，或者在防护构件的与电池单体相对的面贴附硅橡胶板等。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体具有盖部件，所述电极端子设置于所述盖部件，所述防护构件被配置为沿所述第一方向支撑所述盖部件。即，在重力方向上，从上到下依次设置有形成有电极端子的盖部件、防护构件和箱体。所述防护构件从下向上地支撑电池单体的盖部件。
在一些实施例中，所述盖部件具有中央部，所述电极端子设置于所述中央部，所述防护构件具有与所述中央部相对设置的防护部，沿所述第一方向，所述防护部与所述中央部之间具有间隙。通过在第一方向上，在防护构件的防护部与盖部件的中央部之间形成间隙，能够允许防护构件在受到冲击时进行变形，以吸收冲击能量。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述中央部朝向所述防护部凸出设置。由此在电池单体的盖部件的中央部与电池单体内部之间也形成有间隙，在电池单体的盖部件受到冲击时，也能够保护电池单体内部的结构。
在一些实施例中，所述盖部件还包括在第二方向上位于所述中央部两侧的侧部，所述第二方向与所述第一方向正交，所述防护构件还包括与所述防护部相连的支撑部，所述支撑部被配置为沿所述第一方向支撑所述侧部。即，在盖部件中，在第二方向上的中央部的两侧分别配置有侧部，中央部相比于两个侧部在第一方向上向防护构件的防护部凸出。防护构件与侧部相对应地形成有支撑部，从而能够利用该支撑部沿第一方向支撑侧部。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述支撑部朝向所述侧部延伸设置。由此，能够利用在盖部件的侧部与中央部之间形成的高度差来配置支撑部，从而能够提高空间利用率，增加在有限空间内布置的电池单体数量。
在一些实施中，电池还包括热管理部件，用于容纳流体以对所述电池单体调节温度；其中，所述支撑部被配置为沿所述第一方向通过所述热管理部件支撑所述侧部。由此能够良好地对电池单体进行温度管理。
在一些实施例中，所述盖部件还包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所 述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力，所述防护构件在与所述泄压机构相对的位置设置有排气口。通过在防护构件中与泄压机构相对地形成排气口，能够容易地进行导气和排气，阻止热失控电池单体所产生的热量进一步扩散至相邻的电池单体，能够在发生热失控时利用防护构件实现隔热防火。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件与所述盖部件之间形成气体通道，所述气体通道与所述排气口连通。通过形成与排气口连通的气体通道，能够容易地将热失控电池单体从泄压机构排出的排放物引导至排气口，高效地实现排气。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件包括固定部，所述固定部用于将所述防护构件固定于所述箱体。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件沿第二方向的至少一侧设置有所述固定部，所述第二方向与所述第一方向正交，所述固定部沿所述第二方向朝向所述防护构件的外侧凸出设置。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体包括安装部，所述安装部与所述固定部固定连接。
如上所述，在重力方向上，从上到下依次设置有形成有电极端子的盖部件、防护构件和箱体。在防护构件形成在第二方向上朝向外侧凸出的固定部，在箱体相应地形成安装部，通过固定部与安装部的固定，能够实现防护构件与箱体牢固的固定。
在一些实施例中，所述电池具有多个所述电池单体，所述防护构件被配置为覆盖多个所述电池单体。在电池中通常设置有规则排列的多个电池单体。在该情况下，通过使防护构件覆盖多个电池单体，能够广范围地对电池单体提供冲击防护。
第二方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：第一方面的电池。所述电池用于提供电能。
第三方面，提供了一种制备电池的方法，包括：提供电池单体，所述电池单体设置有电极端子；提供箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体；和提供防护构件，所述防护构件设置于所述箱体内，所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，其中，将所述防护构件配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的装置，包括：第一提供模块，用于提供设置有电极端子的电池单体；第二提供模块，用于提供容纳所述电池单体的箱体；第三提供模块，用于提供防护构件；和安装模块，将所述防护构件设置于所述箱体内，使所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，且将所述防护构件配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请一个实施例的车辆的示意图；
图2为本申请一个实施例的电池的立体结构示意图；
图3为图2中的电池的仰视示意图；
图4为图3中的I-I截面示意图；
图5为图4中A部分放大示意图；
图6为图4中B部分放大示意图；
图7为图2中的电池除去箱壳后的状态的仰视示意图；
图8为图7所示的本申请一个实施例的防护构件的固定部的C部分放大示意图；
图9为图7中的II-II截面示意图；
图10为图9中D部分放大示意图；
图11为本申请一个实施例的覆盖多个电池单体的防护构件的外表面示意图；
图12为图11所示的本申请一个实施例的防护构件的内表面示意图；
图13为图12所示的本申请一个实施例的缓冲结构的E部分放大示意图；
图14为本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法的示意性流程图；
图15为本申请一个实施例的制备电池的装置的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申 请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极片、负极片和隔离 膜。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
目前，电动车辆的电池往往需要几十甚至上千个电池单体构成。
在用电装置例如电动车辆中，有时电池以各电池单体倒置的方式设置。即，在重力方向上，电池单体以至少一部分电极端子朝向下方的方式设置于电池的箱体内。在该情况下，如果直接用箱体在与重力方向相反的方向上支撑电池单体，则在配置于电动汽车的底盘的电池受到碰撞或异物冲击时，可能由于该冲击力导致箱体变形，进而冲击电极单体而影响电池单体性能，甚至导致电池单体破坏，引起起火、爆炸等事故。此处的破坏不仅是机械破坏，还包括绝缘破坏。因此需要在电池单体倒置时提高电池的机械防护和绝缘防护的能力。
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种技术方案，一种电池，包括：电池单体，设置有电极端子；箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体；防护构件，设置于所述箱体内，所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，所述防护构件被配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
通过在电极端子与箱体之间设置防护构件，使防护构件沿与重力方向相反的方向支撑电池单体的设置有电极端子的部分，在箱体受到外力冲击时，能够利用防护构件保护电池单体不被破坏，而且能够加强电极端子的绝缘防 护。
本申请一个实施例提供了一种用电装置，电池用于提供电能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆100的结构示意图，车辆100可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆100的内部可以设置马达2，控制器3以及电池1，控制器3用来控制电池1为马达2的供电。例如，在车辆100的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池1。电池1可以用于车辆100的供电，例如，电池1可以作为车辆100的操作电源，用于车辆100的电路系统，例如，用于车辆100的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池1不仅仅可以作为车辆100的操作电源，还可以作为车辆100的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆100提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池1可以包括多个电池单体10，其中，多个电池单体10之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的电池1的立体结构示意图。电池1包括多个电池单体10，多个电池单体10能够沿第二方向X和第三方向Y排列，其中第二方向X与第三方向Y正交。即，电池1中的多个电池单体10可以排列成矩阵状的结构。可选地，电池1也可以只有一个电池单体10、或者具有多个沿第二方向X排列的电池单体1、或者具有多个沿第三方向Y排列的电池单体10。电池1还可以包括箱体50，箱体50内部为中空结构，多个电池单体10容纳于箱体50内。如图2所示，箱体50可以包括两部分，这里分别称为上盖51和箱壳52。上盖51和箱壳52扣合在一起。上盖51和箱壳52的形状可以根据多个电池单体10组合的形状而定。例如，可以是上盖51和箱壳52均为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，上盖51的开口和箱壳52的开口相对设置，并且上盖51和箱壳52相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体50。也可以是上盖51为具有开口的长方体而箱壳52为板状，或者 箱壳52为具有开口的长方体而上盖51为板状，上盖51和箱壳52相对设置并扣合而形成具有封闭腔室的箱体50。多个电池单体10相互并联或串联或混联组合后，置于上盖51和箱壳52扣合后形成的箱体50内。
如图3所示，为图2中的电池的仰视示意图。如图4所示，为图3中的I-I截面示意图。如图5所示，为图4中的A部分放大示意图，是本申请一个实施例的2个电池单体10的范围的结构示意图，如图6所示，为图4中的B部分放大示意图，是防护构件30与电池单体10的盖部件20的连接方式的示意图。
如图5所示，电池单体10包括盖部件20、壳体21、极性相反的两个电极端子22和设置于壳体21中的一个或多个电极组件(未图示)。壳体21根据一个或多个电极组件组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体21可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，在图5中表示了壳体21为中空的长方体的结构。壳体21具有开口，以使一个或多个电极组件能从开口放置于壳体21内，并用盖部件20封闭该开口。壳体21内填充有电解质，例如电解液。在图5中表示了壳体21在第一方向Z的一端具有开口，电池单体10具有一个盖部件20以封闭壳体21的该开口，且极性相反的两个电极端子22均形成于该一个盖部件20。但也可以是电池单体10在壳体21的沿第一方向Z的两端均具有开口，且具有两个盖部件20以封闭壳体21的该两个开口。极性相反的两个电极端子22也可以分别形成于两个盖部件20。其中，第一方向Z是与重力方向相反的方向，在图5中重力方向是图示的从上向下的方向，第一方向Z与第二方向X和第三方向Y均正交。电极端子22可以为圆柱状、长方体、正方体、多角柱体等各种形状，在本实施例中示出的电极端子22为长方体状的结构。
如图4和图5所示，在重力方向上，从上到下依次设置有形成有电极端子22的盖部件20、防护构件30和箱壳52。在电池单体10以其至少部分电极端子22朝向下方的方式设置于箱体50内的该情况下，如果直接用箱壳52从下向上地支撑电池单体10，则在箱壳52从下方受到外力冲击时，可能由于该冲击力导致箱壳52变形，进而冲击电池单体10的盖部件20上设置的电极端子22，而影响电池单体10的性能，甚至导致电池单体10破坏，引起起火、爆炸等事故。
而本申请中，通过在电极端子22与箱壳52之间设置防护构件30，使防护构件30沿与重力方向相反的方向、即从下向上的第一方向Z支撑电池单体 10，在箱壳52从下方受到外力冲击时，防护构件30能够起到保护作用，而且还可以发生变形以吸收冲击能量，于是，能够利用防护构件30保护电池单体10不被破坏，能够加强电极端子22的绝缘防护。
如图5所示，盖部件20在第二方向X上具有中央部201和位于中央部201的两侧的侧部202，电极端子22设置于中央部201。其中，第二方向X与第一方向Z正交。
防护构件30在第二方向X上具有与中央部201相对设置的防护部301，和与防护部301相连的支撑部302，支撑部302用于沿第一方向Z支撑侧部202。
沿第一方向Z，防护部301与中央部201之间具有间隙300。通过在防护构件30的防护部301与盖部件20的中央部201之间形成该间隙300，能够允许防护构件30在受到来自第一方向Z的冲击时进行变形，以吸收冲击能量。为了防止在盖部件20的中央部201设置的电极端子22与防护构件30的防护部301发生干涉碰撞，优选电极端子22与防护部301之间存在3mm以上的空隙。
而且，沿第一方向Z，盖部件20的中央部201相比于侧部202朝向防护部301凸出设置。由此在盖部件20的中央部201与电池单体10的内部构件之间形成有间隙310，于是在电池单体10的盖部件20受到冲击时，也能够保护电池单体10的内部结构。
如图5所示，在盖部件20中，中央部201相比于两个侧部202在第一方向Z上向防护构件30的防护部301凸出。由此在盖部件20的侧部202与中央部201之间形成有沿第一方向Z的高度差。沿第一方向Z，防护构件30的支撑部302从防护部301朝向盖部件20的侧部202延伸设置。在图5中，防护构件30的支撑部302与防护部301垂直，但并不限于该实施方式，支撑部302只要能够从防护部301朝向侧部202延伸而支撑侧部202即可，也可以不与防护部301垂直。由此，能够利用侧部202与中央部201之间的高度差所形成的空间来配置防护构件30的支撑部302，从而能够提高空间利用率，增加在有限空间内布置的电池单体10数量。
如图5所示，盖部件20还包括泄压机构203，所述泄压机构203用于在电池单体10的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放该内部压力，防护构件30在与泄压机构203相对的位置设置有排气口303。泄压机构203是指电池单体的 10内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体10中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构203可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体10的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构203执行动作或者泄压机构203中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构203产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体10的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构203产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构203中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构203在致动时，电池单体10的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体10发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
通过在防护构件30形成排气口303，能够容易地进行导气和排气，阻止热失控电池单体10所产生的热量进一步扩散至相邻的电池单体10，能够在发生热失控时利用防护构件实现隔热防火。
如图6所示，防护构件30经由热管理部件60沿第一方向Z从下向上地支撑盖部件20。防护构件30也可以与盖部件20直接接触以支撑盖部件20，或者防护构件30还可以固定于盖部件20，例如利用胶粘剂等与盖部件20粘接。
热管理部件60是用于容纳流体以给电池单体10调节温度。这里的流体可以是液体或气体，调节温度是指给电池单体10加热或者冷却。在给电池单体10冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件60用于容纳冷却流体以给电池单体10降低温度，此时，热管理部件60也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。另外，热管理部件60也可以用于加热以给电池单体10升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，流体可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或 者空气等。
如图7所示，为图2中的电池1除去箱壳52后的状态的仰视示意图。如图8所示，为表示图7中的防护构件30的固定部的C部分放大示意图。如图9所示，为图7中的II-II截面示意图。如图10所示，为图9中的D部放大示意图。
如图7和图8所示，防护构件30包括固定部305，固定部305用于将防护构件30固定于箱体50。防护构件30沿第二方向X的至少一侧设置有固定部305，固定部305沿第二方向X朝向防护构件30的外侧凸出设置。在图7中表示了在第二方向X上排列有3组防护构件30，在图7中左侧的防护构件30中，在右侧设置的固定部305向外侧凸出设置，在图7中右侧的防护构件30中，在左侧设置的固定部305向外侧凸出设置，而在图7中央的防护构件30中，在左侧和右侧分别设置的固定部305均向外侧凸出设置。在图7中表示了在覆盖沿第三方向Y排列的10个电池单体10的防护构件30，设置有3个固定部305的例子，但只要能够将防护构件30牢固地固定于箱体50，则固定部305的数量没有限制。
为了安装防护构件30，如图10所示，箱体50包括安装部204，该安装部204与固定部305固定连接。该安装部204例如可以是设置于箱体50的上盖51的梁70。在图10中表示了防护构件30与梁70通过螺栓80固定连接的例子，但并不限定于此，防护构件30与箱体50也可以通过粘接、铆接等其它方式连结。
由此，在防护构件30形成在第二方向上X朝向外侧凸出的固定部305，在箱体50相应地形成安装部204，通过固定部305与安装部204的固定，能够实现防护构件30与箱体50牢固的安装固定。
如图11所示，为覆盖多个电池单体10的防护构件30的外表面示意图。如图12所示，为图11所示的防护构件30的内表面示意图，在图中表示了作为缓冲结构40的一例的蜂窝结构。如图13所示，为图12所示的蜂窝结构的E部分放大示意图。
在电池1具有多个电池单体10时，如图11所示，防护构件30被配置为覆盖多个电池单体10。在图2中表示了在电池1中多个电池单体10沿第二方向X和第三方向Y规则排列的结构。在该情况下，通过使防护构件30相应地配置成覆盖多个电池单体10，能够广范围地对电池单体10提供冲击防护。
在如图11所示，防护构件30覆盖沿第二方向X和第三方向Y规则排列的多个电池单体10时，如图12和图13所示，防护构件30在与每个电池单体10的泄压机构203相对的位置形成有排气口303，且在防护构件30与盖部件20之间形成有气体通道304。气体通道304位于沿第二方向X相邻的支撑部302之间。在图11所示的多个电池单体10沿第三方向Y排列的情况下，支撑部302也沿第三方向Y延伸。在沿第三方向Y延伸的支撑部302之间，形成将多个排气口303连通的气体通道304。由此能够容易地将热失控的电池单体10从泄压机构203排出的排放物引导至排气口303，高效地实现导气和排气。
如图12和图13所示，防护构件30在与电极端子22相对的面设置有缓冲结构40，该缓冲结构40通过将多个加强肋形成为蜂窝形状而形成。这样的蜂窝结构能够加强防护构件30的刚性，而且在防护构件30受到冲击时能够吸收冲击能量，保持防护构件30结构的稳定性。而且，如图13所示，因为在防护构件30形成有与排气口303连通的气体通道304，所以在蜂窝式的缓冲结构40中的与电极端子22正对的部位形成有避让空间，由此能够避免缓冲结构40与电极端子22接触或干涉。另外，缓冲结构40并不限于这样的蜂窝结构，也可以是在防护构件30的与电池单体10相对的面贴附硅橡胶板等的结构，例如该硅橡胶板形成有排气口303和气体通道304。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述各实施例中的电池1。电池1在该用电装置中用于提供电能。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池和用电装置，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图14示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法400的示意性流程图。如图14所示，该方法400可以包括：
410，提供电池单体10，电池单体10设置有电极端子22；
420，提供箱体50，箱体50用于容纳电池单体10；和
430，提供防护构件30，防护构件30设置于箱体50内，防护构件30与电极端子22相对设置，
其中，将防护构件30配置为沿第一方向Z支撑电池单体10并对电极端子22形成防护，第一方向Z与电池单体10的重力方向相反。
图15示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的装置500的示意性框图。如 图15所示，制备电池的装置500可以包括：第一提供模块510、第二提供模块520、第三提供模块530和安装模块540。
第一提供模块510，用于提供设置有电极端子22的电池单体10；
第二提供模块520，用于提供容纳电池单体10的箱体50；
第三提供模块530，用于提供防护构件30；和
安装模块540，将防护构件30设置于箱体50内，使防护构件30与电极端子22相对设置，且将防护构件30配置为沿第一方向Z支撑电池单体10并对电极端子22形成防护，第一方向Z与电池单体10的重力方向相反。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池单体，设置有电极端子；
    箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体；
    防护构件，设置于所述箱体内，所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，所述防护构件被配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，
    所述防护构件被配置为在受到外力冲击时，能够发生变形以吸收冲击能量。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其中，
    所述防护构件包括缓冲结构，所述缓冲结构用于在所述防护构件受到冲击时吸收冲击能量。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，
    所述缓冲结构形成在所述防护构件的与所述电池单体相对的面。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的电池，其中，
    所述电池单体具有盖部件，所述电极端子设置于所述盖部件，所述防护构件被配置为沿所述第一方向支撑所述盖部件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其中，
    所述盖部件具有中央部，所述电极端子设置于所述中央部，所述防护构件具有与所述中央部相对设置的防护部，沿所述第一方向，所述防护部与所述中央部之间具有间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述中央部朝向所述防护部凸出设置。
  8. 根据权利要求5～7中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述盖部件还包括在第二方向上位于所述中央部两侧的侧部，所述第二方向与所述第一方向正交，所述防护构件还包括与所述防护部相连的支撑部，所述支撑部被配置为沿所述第一方向支撑所述侧部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述支撑部朝向所述侧部延伸设置。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其中，还包括：
    热管理部件，用于容纳流体以对所述电池单体调节温度；
    其中，所述支撑部被配置为沿所述第一方向通过所述热管理部件支撑所述侧部。
  11. 根据权利要求5～10中任一项所述的电池，其中，
    所述盖部件还包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力，所述防护构件在与所述泄压机构相对的位置设置有排气口。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，所述防护构件与所述盖部件之间形成气体通道，所述气体通道与所述排气口连通。
  13. 根据权利要求1～12中任一项所述的电池，其中，
    所述防护构件包括固定部，所述固定部用于将所述防护构件固定于所述箱体。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池，其中，所述防护构件沿第二方向的至少一侧设置有所述固定部，所述第二方向与所述第一方向正交，所述固定部沿所述第二方向朝向所述防护构件的外侧凸出设置。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池，其中，
    所述箱体包括安装部，所述安装部与所述固定部固定连接。
  16. 根据权利要求1～15中任一项所述的电池，其中，
    所述电池具有多个所述电池单体，所述防护构件被配置为覆盖多个所述电池单体。
  17. 一种用电装置，其包括权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  18. 一种制备电池的方法，包括：
    提供电池单体，所述电池单体设置有电极端子；
    提供箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体；和
    提供防护构件，所述防护构件设置于所述箱体内，所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，
    其中，将所述防护构件配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
  19. 一种制备电池的装置，包括：
    第一提供模块，用于提供设置有电极端子的电池单体；
    第二提供模块，用于提供容纳所述电池单体的箱体；
    第三提供模块，用于提供防护构件；和
    安装模块，将所述防护构件设置于所述箱体内，使所述防护构件与所述电极端子相对设置，且将所述防护构件配置为沿第一方向支撑所述电池单体并对所述电极端子形成防护，所述第一方向与所述电池单体的重力方向相反。
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