Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
  • C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
  • C08B1/003—Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
  • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
  • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a wood molded product and a method for manufacturing the same.
• Thick and hard molded products made from woody biomass include, for example, resin-infused wood that is made by injecting resin into wood, acetylated wood that is acetylated wood, and wood plastic (WPC).
• resin-infused wood For both resin-infused wood and acetylated wood, it is necessary to use wood that has been processed into a predetermined shape in advance, and the shape must be significantly changed during the production of the molded product (hereinafter referred to as "forming").
• Wood plastic is a composite material made from wood and plastic, and is generally manufactured from wood flour and thermoplastic plastic.
• WPC is manufactured by mixing wood powder such as thinned cedar wood or factory waste wood with plastic. Such WPC can be thermoformed and can be formed into a desired shape.
• resin-infused wood WPC uses resin or plastic derived from petroleum resources, so it is not 100% biomass-derived and cannot completely eliminate the negative impact on the environment after disposal or landfilling. .
• Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-276320 discloses that after wood flour is alkalized, it is brought into contact with a compound containing an allyl group to perform an allylation treatment, and the resulting allylated wood flour is A woodwork product is disclosed that is made by charging the wood into a mold and molding it under heat and pressure.
• Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-67064 discloses a fiber-reinforced plastic containing lignocellulose fibers whose intracellular spaces have been eliminated as a reinforcing agent.
• an epoxy resin is used as the matrix resin.
• Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-169382 discloses that the ⁇ -position of a phenylpropane unit constituting lignin is modified with at least one characteristic group selected from the group consisting of an acyloxy group, an oxy group, and a thio group. Lignocellulose derivatives are disclosed.
• Patent Document 3 describes that a molded article can be produced by adding various synthetic polymers as matrix materials to fibers or fiber aggregates containing this lignocellulose derivative.
• Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-48151 discloses that pulp slurry containing a chemical that suppresses hydrogen bonding between pulp fibers is made into paper, then dehydrated, pressurized, and dried to form a pulp mold. The body is revealed. This molded article is described as having a density of 0.4 to 2 g/cm 3 and a thickness of 0.2 to 3 mm.
• Patent Document 1 The woodwork product proposed in Patent Document 1 is obtained by bonding and solidifying wood flour whose surfaces are allylized to form a plastic shape by heating and pressurizing. Therefore, it is thought that the woodwork product described in Patent Document 1 does not have sufficient strength as a molded product. Further, the techniques of Patent Documents 2 and 3 require a matrix material that is a synthetic polymer in addition to lignocellulose. Therefore, the biomaterial ratio of the molded articles described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 is low.
• Patent Document 4 is a technology for solidifying a slurry in which pulp is dispersed in water to form a molded product (i.e., a paper product), and is nothing more than an improved technology for conventional pulp molds.
• a molded product i.e., a paper product
• cellulose fibers are only held together by hydrogen bonds, and it is difficult to obtain a molded article with a smooth surface. Additionally, it has high gas permeability and cannot be used as a substitute for conventional plastic products.
• the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a wood mold that has excellent moldability and improved mechanical properties, using cellulose, particularly lignocellulose, and more preferably wood biomass as a raw material.
• woody biomass etc. consist of a natural polymer mixture called lignocellulose.
• lignocellulose is composed of two types of carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose, and an aromatic-rich polymer called lignin.
• Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin each have different chemical behavior. Therefore, processing of lignocellulose, which is a composite of these three components, is difficult and requires considerable chemical and mechanical energy for decomposition or separation into each component.
• Digestion is a typical method for separating cellulose from lignocellulose. Specifically, wood fibers (cellulose fibers) are extracted by adding chemicals (cooking agents) such as sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide and auxiliary agents such as anthraquinone to wood chips and boiling them down. During cooking, the lignin and resin components that harden the wood fibers are separated as a treatment agent, black liquor, and then incinerated. Since the cellulose fibers extracted by the cooking method have a natural cellulose type I crystal structure, they are difficult to dissolve in solvents and are not thermoplastic.
• chemicals such as sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide and auxiliary agents such as anthraquinone
• Cited Documents 1-3 molded products in which cellulose fibers are partially derivatized and dispersed in a synthetic polymer matrix have been proposed. It's just that.
• Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a technology for shaping raw materials such as woody biomass containing lignocellulose in a simple process and under conditions with low energy load and environmental load.
• the present invention provides a method for producing wood molded products without using molecules.
• the present disclosure discloses that after dissolving a raw material such as woody biomass containing cellulose or lignocellulose in an organic acid, water or an alkali is added and the precipitated solid content is thermoformed to easily form a molded product.
• a raw material such as woody biomass containing cellulose or lignocellulose in an organic acid
• water or an alkali is added and the precipitated solid content is thermoformed to easily form a molded product.
• the inventors have found that the wood molded product and manufacturing method of the present disclosure can be completed.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure contains cellulose as a main component.
• This wood molded product satisfies either or both of the following (1) and (2).
• the bending elastic modulus obtained in a bending test in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1 is 4000 MPa or more.
• the bending strength obtained in a bending test in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1 is 50 MPa or more.
• the wood molded article may further include lignin.
• the wood molded article containing lignin may have a specific gravity of 0.5 g/cm 3 or more.
• the wood molded article may have a specific gravity of 0.9 g/cm 3 or more.
• the wood molded article may exhibit an absorption peak in the 1715 to 1720 cm ⁇ 1 region of the infrared absorption spectrum.
• the wood molded product may further contain a fibrous substance.
• This fibrous material may have a cellulose type I crystal structure.
• the wood molded product may contain lignin in a total amount of lignin in a range of 15% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less.
• the wood molded article may further contain hemicellulose and lignin.
• the total lignin content of this wood molded article may be 20% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less.
• the composition ratio of polysaccharides obtained by sugar composition analysis of this wood molded article may satisfy the following. Glucan: 40% to 80% by weight Xylan: 0.1% to 3.0% by weight Arabinan: 0.2% to 3.0% by weight Mannan: 1.0% to 5.0% by weight %below
• the present disclosure relates to wood pellets used as a molding material for any of the aforementioned wood molded products.
• the wood pellet includes cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
• This wood pellet exhibits an absorption peak in the 1715 to 1720 cm ⁇ 1 region of the infrared absorption spectrum.
• the total amount of lignin in this wood pellet is 20% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less.
• the composition ratio of polysaccharides obtained by sugar composition analysis of this wood pellet satisfies the following.
• Arabinan 0.2% to 3.0% by weight Mannan: 1.0% to 5.0% by weight %below
• the wood pellets include cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
• This cellulose has a cellulose I type crystal structure.
• the total amount of lignin in this wood pellet is 10% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less.
• the composition ratio of polysaccharides obtained by sugar composition analysis of this wood pellet satisfies the following. Glucan: 55% by weight or more 80% by weight Xylan: 0.1% to 5.0% by weight Arabinan: 0.2% to 1.0% by weight Mannan: 1.0% to 3.0% by weight
• the method for manufacturing the wood molded product described above is (1) A step of dissolving a cellulose-containing raw material in an organic acid to obtain a cellulose-containing solution, (2) adding water or alkali to the cellulose-containing solution to precipitate the solid content; (3) collecting the solid content; and (4) thermoforming the collected solid content. have.
• the main component of this solid content is cellulose.
• the cellulose-containing solution may be adjusted to pH 3 or higher.
• the recovered solid content may be thermoformed under conditions of a temperature of 60° C. or more and 210° C. or less and a pressure of 100 Pa or more and 400 Pa or less.
• This manufacturing method may further include a step of deliquifying the recovered solid content before thermoforming.
• This production method may further include the step of pulverizing the cellulose-containing raw material to obtain a cellulose-containing powder before dissolving the cellulose-containing raw material in the organic acid.
• the higher-order structure of cellulose derived from cellulose-containing raw materials, particularly wood biomass, is regenerated.
• This wood molded article can have improved physical properties compared to wood.
• this wood molded product can have strength and elastic modulus comparable to general-purpose resins.
• Lignocellulose contained in woody biomass forms a strong higher-order structure in which cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are intricately intertwined.
• cellulose which is a linear polymer, forms a crystalline structure through intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form strong microfibrils, in which hemicelluloses such as xylan and glucomannan are entangled.
• lignin a disordered aromatic polymer, fills the voids in these polysaccharide matrices to form a strong complex. For this reason, it has been difficult to shape woody biomass itself.
• the higher-order structure derived from the raw material cellulose, hemicellulose, etc. is dissolved by dissolving it in an organic acid, and then water molecules are released from the precipitated solid during the thermoforming and deliquoring process. By exiting, the higher-order structure derived from the raw material can be regenerated. According to the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, it is possible to obtain a wood molded product that does not contain synthetic polymers and has a low environmental impact from a cellulose-containing raw material or even wood biomass in a simple process and under conditions of low energy load. . This manufacturing method is socially useful.
• FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a wood molded product (sheet) obtained by a manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a wood molded product (sheet) obtained by a manufacturing method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 3A is an electron micrograph (50x magnification) showing the surface condition of the wooden molded product in FIG.
• FIG. 3B is an electron micrograph (1000x magnification) showing the surface condition of the wooden molded product in FIG.
• FIG. 4A is an electron micrograph (50x magnification) showing the surface condition of the wooden molded product in FIG.
• FIG. 4B is an electron micrograph (1000x magnification) showing the surface condition of the wooden molded product in FIG.
• FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a wood molded product (sheet) obtained by a manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 3B is an electron micrograph (1000x magnification) showing the surface condition of the wooden molded product in FIG
• FIG. 5 is a photograph showing a wood molded product (molded body) obtained by a manufacturing method according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the wood molded product of Example 12.
• FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the wood molded product of Example 13.
• FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the wood molded product of Example 14.
• FIG. 9 is a photograph showing the molded product of Example 15.
• FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the molded product of Example 16.
• FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the molded product of Example 17.
• X to Y means "more than or equal to X and less than or equal to Y.” Furthermore, unless otherwise noted, all test temperatures were room temperature (20°C ⁇ 5°C). Note that weight percent in the present disclosure means weight percent and does not mean mass concentration.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure can be manufactured using a raw material containing cellulose, as described below.
• the wooden molded article of the present disclosure is a concept that also includes a molded article made only of cellulose.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure contains cellulose as an essential component.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure may contain lignin in addition to cellulose.
• this wood molded article may further contain hemicellulose and/or lignin in addition to cellulose.
• the wood molded article comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
• a wood molded product containing lignin can be obtained, for example, by using wood biomass as at least a part of the cellulose-containing raw material.
• Woody biomass contains a certain amount of lignin and hemicellulose. Molded products containing lignin are suppressed from shrinking during thermoforming. The details will be explained later, but in the manufacturing process of wood molded products, lignin interferes with the shrinkage action that occurs when hydrogen bonds in cellulose are reorganized and a higher-order structure is formed, resulting in molded products with the desired shape. It is thought that it can be obtained.
• a molded product with suppressed shrinkage can be obtained by adjusting precipitation conditions, molding conditions, etc. in the manufacturing process described below.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure contains a component derived from a cellulose-containing raw material, that is, cellulose as a main component.
• the term "main component” refers to a component whose content is at least 40% by weight.
• the content of cellulose in the wood molded product may be 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, or 100% by weight.
• the wood molded article in a preferred embodiment may further contain lignin, and may further contain lignin and/or cellulose.
• the wood molded article of this embodiment can be obtained using a raw material containing lignocellulose having a higher-order structure consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, such as wood biomass.
• the main components of the wood molded article of the present disclosure may be cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and these may be contained in the form of lignocellulose. It's good.
• the total content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (or content as lignocellulose) in the wood molded article may be 60% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, and 90% by weight or more. It may well be 100% by weight.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure further has either or both of the following characteristics (1) and (2).
• (1) The bending elastic modulus obtained in a bending test in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1 is 4000 MPa or more.
• (2) The bending strength obtained in a bending test in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1 is 50 MPa or more.
• ABS resin has a bending strength of 64 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 2,500 MPa
• PC polycarbonate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the flexural modulus is 2800 to 4200 MPa (https://www.plastic-kakou.net/material/plastic.html).
• Kiri has a bending strength of 34.3 MPa and a bending modulus of 4900 MPa
• cedar has a bending strength of 63.7 MPa and a bending modulus of 7350 MPa (https://www.toishi.info/sozai/woods /).
• the wood molded product of the present disclosure that satisfies (1) and/or (2) above has mechanical properties equivalent to or better than general-purpose resins, and even comparable to wood. It can be said that it has certain characteristics.
• the bending elastic modulus (Young's modulus) of the wood molded product of the present disclosure is 4000 MPa or more, but may be 4500 MPa or more, 5000 MPa or more, or 8000 MPa or less depending on its use and shape. , 7000 MPa or less.
• the flexural modulus of the present disclosure may be 4000-8000 MPa, 4000-7000 MPa, 4500-8000 MPa, 4500-7000 MPa, 5000-8000 MPa, 5000-8000 MPa, It may be 7000 MPa.
• the bending strength (maximum stress) of the wood molded product of the present disclosure is 50 MPa or more, but may be 55 MPa or more, 60 MPa or more, or 100 MPa or less depending on its use and shape. , 90 MPa or less.
• the bending strength (maximum stress) of the wood molded product may be 50 to 100 MPa, 50 to 90 MPa, 55 to 100 MPa, 55 to 90 MPa, 60 to 100 MPa.
• the pressure may be 60 to 90 MPa.
• the maximum elongation in the bending test of the wood molded product may be 1.0GL% or more, and may be 1.5GL% or more, and may be 5.0GL% or less, and may be 4.5GL% or less. It's fine.
• the maximum elongation of the wood molded article may be 1.0 to 5.0 GL%, may be 1.0 to 4.5 GL%, may be 1.5 to 5.0 GL%, 1. It may be 5 to 4.5 GL%.
• the bending properties of the wood molded product are measured by a bending test in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1. Bending tests use test specimens that are formed to specified dimensions or machined by cutting or punching. The test piece is conditioned for 12 hours in an environment of 25°C and 50RH% before measurement. The measurements were carried out in a three-point bending test, with a bending speed of 2 mm/min.
• the tensile properties of the wood molded product can be set as appropriate depending on its use and shape.
• the tensile modulus (Young's modulus) of the wood molded article may be 100 MPa or more, 200 MPa or more, and 3000 MPa or less.
• the tensile modulus (Young's modulus) of the wood molded article may be 100 to 3000 MPa, or 200 to 3000 MPa.
• the tensile strength (maximum stress) of the wood molded product may be 4.0 MPa or more, 6.0 MPa or more, 10.0 MPa or more, 20.0 MPa or more, and It may be 80.0 MPa or less, and may be 70.0 MPa or less.
• the tensile strength (maximum stress) of the wood molded article may be 4.0 to 80.0 MPa, may be 4.0 to 70.0 MPa, may be 6.0 to 80.0 MPa, 6. It may be 0 to 70.0 MPa, it may be 10.0 to 80.0 MPa, it may be 10.0 to 70.0 MPa, it may be 20.0 to 80.0 MPa, it may be 20.0 to It may be 70.0 MPa.
• the maximum elongation in a tensile test of a wood molded product may be 1.0%GL or more, 1.5GL% or more, and may be 5.0GL% or less, and 4.5GL% or less. It's good. This maximum elongation may be 1.0-5.0% GL, may be 1.0-4.5% GL, may be 1.5-5.0% GL, 1. It may be 5-4.5% GL.
• the tensile properties of the wood molded product are measured by a tensile test in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1. Tensile tests use test specimens that are punched and machined to specified dimensions. The test piece is conditioned for 12 hours in an environment of 25°C and 50RH% before measurement. Measurements are carried out at a tensile speed of 10 mm/min.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure has a high specific gravity. That is, the density of this wood molded product is high.
• the specific gravity of this wood molded product measured according to JIS Z 8807 "Method for measuring the density and specific gravity of solids" is preferably 0.5 g/cm 3 or more, more preferably 0.6 g/cm 3 or more, and 0.5 g/cm 3 or more. It is more preferably 8 g/cm 3 or more, particularly preferably 0.9 g/cm 3 or more.
• the specific gravity of the wood molded product is preferably less than 2.5 g/cm 3 , more preferably less than 2.0 g/cm 3 , and particularly preferably less than 1.5 g/cm 3 .
• the specific gravity of the wood molded product may be 0.5 g/cm 3 or more and less than 2.5 g/cm 3 , and may be 0.6 g/cm 3 or more and less than 2.5 g/cm 3 , and 0.8 g/cm 3 or more and less than 2.5 g/cm 3 .
• It may be 3 or more and 2.5g/cm and less than 3 , and may be 0.9g/cm and 3 and more and 2.5g/cm and less than 3 , and 0.9g/cm and more and 2.0g/cm and less than 3 . Generally, it may be 0.9 g/cm 3 or more and less than 1.5 g/cm 3 .
• the density of the wood molded product can be adjusted, for example, by the pressure during thermoforming during the manufacturing process. By pressing at high pressures, high-density wood moldings can be obtained. Mechanical strength tends to improve by increasing the density of wood molded products. In order to obtain a wood molded product with desired strength, in addition to the pressure during thermoforming, the molding temperature, molding time, etc. may be adjusted.
• the wood molded product may be adjusted to have an appropriate density depending on its material.
• the density of the wood molded product containing lignin may be 0.5 g/cm 3 or more and less than 2.5 g/cm 3 , 0.5 g/cm 3 or more and less than 1.5 g/cm 3 , and 0.5 g/cm 3 or more and less than 1.5 g/cm 3 . It may be .5 g/cm 3 or more and less than 1.3 g/cm 3 .
• lignin By including lignin, a wood molded product with a smooth surface can be obtained.
• the total amount of lignin in this wood molded article may be 15% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less. The total lignin amount will be described later.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure may exhibit an absorption peak having a peak top in the range of 1715 to 1720 cm ⁇ 1 in an infrared absorption spectrum.
• the presence of an absorption peak at 1715 to 1720 cm ⁇ 1 means that some or all of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose contained in this wood molded article are formylated.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure is produced by thermoforming the solids that are precipitated by adding water or alkali after dissolving a cellulose-containing raw material in an organic acid.
• a cellulose-containing raw material is dissolved in an organic acid
• formyl groups are introduced into some or all of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose.
• This formyl group is saponified and returned to a hydroxyl group in the precipitation step by adding an alkali.
• This hydroxyl group contributes to the formation of hydrogen bonds.
• High-strength molded products can be obtained by reconstructing the higher-order structure through hydrogen bonding.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure may further include a fibrous substance.
• a fibrous substance By containing this fibrous material, a wood molded product with excellent strength can be obtained. The presence of fibrous substances in the wood molded product can be confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
• the fibrous material in the wood molded product may be derived from the wood biomass that is the raw material.
• it may be cellulose fibers that were not destroyed by crushing or the like during the manufacturing process.
• this fibrous substance may be a dissolution residue in the dissolution step.
• a uniform wood molded article in which such a fibrous material is also embedded in lignin and hemicellulose can be obtained.
• the fibrous material is embedded in the lignin matrix, making it possible to obtain wood molded products with smoother surfaces.
• the fibrous material may have a cellulose I type crystal structure.
• the presence of cellulose type I crystal structure can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure preferably contains lignin.
• lignin By containing lignin, a wood molded product with a smooth surface can be obtained even when it contains a fibrous material having a cellulose I type crystal structure. Moreover, by including a predetermined amount of lignin, cracks, cracks, etc. during thermoforming are suppressed. From this point of view, the total lignin content of the wood molded product may be 2% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 7% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 15% by weight or more.
• the total amount of lignin in a wood molded product is 2-90% by weight, 2-89% by weight, 2-85% by weight, 2-80% by weight, 2-50% by weight, 2-48% by weight, 2-45% by weight.
• the total lignin content of the wood molded product is 2% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less, 5% by weight or more and 89% by weight or less, 7% by weight or more and 85% by weight or less, 10% by weight or more and 85% by weight or less, 15% by weight or more and 85% by weight or less, It may be any of the following: 10% to 50% by weight, 15% to 48% by weight, 20% to 45% by weight, 21% to 44% by weight. .
• the total amount of lignin in the wood molded product can be adjusted by selecting the cellulose-containing raw material, especially the wood biomass. For example, by selecting wood as the woody biomass of the cellulose-containing raw material and adjusting the tree species and blending amount, the total amount of lignin can be controlled to a desired level. By increasing the total amount of lignin, a wood molded product with high hydrophobicity and a large contact angle can be obtained. Furthermore, by adjusting the total amount of lignin, it is also possible to control the biodegradation rate of the wood molded product.
• Wooden molded products with a large amount of total lignin tend to have a slow biodegradation rate, and wood molded products with a small amount of total lignin tend to have a fast biodegradation rate.
• lignin is also a woody component, it will eventually be biodegraded in the same way as woody biomass.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure is formed by reconfiguring the hydrogen bonds of cellulose. Therefore, in wood molded products that have been kept in a wet state for a long period of time, these hydrogen bonds are relaxed, making them more susceptible to the action of biodegrading enzymes and the like.
• the wood molded product of the present disclosure when used as an interior material for a passenger car, it is expected that it can be easily biodegraded by processing it into shredder dust or the like and keeping it in a moist state after the car is scrapped.
• the total amount of lignin in the wood molded product is determined as the total amount of acid-soluble lignin and acid-insoluble lignin.
• a method for quantifying the total lignin amount will be described later in Examples.
• the wood molded article of the present disclosure may further contain hemicellulose along with lignin.
• the woody molded product may contain lignin and hemicellulose derived from this woody biomass.
• the wood molded article comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
• the composition ratio of polysaccharides obtained by sugar composition analysis may be as follows. Glucan: 40% to 80% by weight Xylan: 0.1% to 3.0% by weight Arabinan: 0.2% to 3.0% by weight Mannan: 1.0% to 5.0% by weight %below
• the sugar composition ratio of the wood molded product can be controlled within a desired range by adjusting the type and blending ratio of wood biomass in the cellulose-containing raw material.
• the above-mentioned sugar composition ratio can be achieved by mixing an appropriate amount of woody biomass into waste paper pulp consisting essentially of cellulose as a raw material.
• the sugar composition ratio of the wood molded product may be adjusted by changing the conditions of the manufacturing process (for example, the precipitation process).
• the wood molded product may contain an organic acid as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
• this organic acid include ⁇ -keto acids and carboxylic acids having a formyl group.
• the organic acid may be one or more selected from the group consisting of formic acid, glyoxylic acid, and pyruvic acid.
• the amount of organic acid contained in the wood molded product is not particularly limited, but for example, from the viewpoint of not impairing mechanical properties and durability, the amount of organic acid may be 10.0% by weight or less; It may be 0% by weight or less, 6.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.1% by weight or less. It may be 100 ppm or less, and its lower limit may be 0.
• the shape of the wood molded article of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but for example, the thickness thereof may be 1 mm or more, 5 mm or more, or 10 mm or more.
• This wood molded article can have physical properties similar to the cellulose-containing raw material, for example, wood biomass. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide physical properties that exceed those of the raw materials.
• the wood molded product of the present disclosure can be applied to fields such as medicine, clothing, and housing equipment, as films, fibers, wallpapers, etc. that require functions such as antibacterial properties, ultraviolet absorption, and metal adsorption ability.
• the wood pellets of the present disclosure can be used as a molding material for the above-mentioned wood molded product.
• the wood molded product of the present disclosure can be obtained by using the wood pellets as a material and using known thermosetting resin thermoforming techniques or pulp molding techniques.
• the solid content recovered by adding water or alkali to a solution of a cellulose-containing raw material dissolved in an organic acid and precipitating it may be considered as the wood pellets of the present disclosure. good.
• This wood pellet may contain water.
• the amount of water contained in the wood pellets is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easily obtaining the wood molded product of the present disclosure, the solid content concentration of the wood pellets may be 1% by weight or more, and may be 5% by weight or more. It may be 10% by weight or more, 80% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, or 50% by weight or less.
• the solids concentration of the wood pellets may be from 1 to 80% by weight, may be from 5 to 60% by weight, and may be from 10 to 50% by weight.
• the wood pellets may be packaged in moisture-proof packaging.
• This moisture-proof packaging may have a water vapor permeability of 50 cc/m 2 ⁇ day or less, or 20 cc/m 2 ⁇ day or less.
• wood pellets By packaging wood pellets in moisture-proof packaging, they can be stored for a necessary period of time, and after being stored for a necessary period of time, they can be subjected to thermoforming as described below.
• the wood pellets can also be compressed and packaged. For example, wood pellets may be compressed to 1/5 to 1/10 volume using a compression packaging device for waste materials, etc., and then packed in moisture-proof packaging. Packaging in this manner improves the storage and transportation efficiency of wood pellets.
• the packaged wood pellets can be used by unpacking the moisture-proof packaging and taking them out.
• the pH of the water contained in the wood pellets is preferably 6 or less, preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more.
• the water contained in the wood pellets may have a pH of 2 to 6, and may have a pH of 3 to 6. This pH can be adjusted by washing the solids recovered by precipitation.
• the wood pellet exhibits an absorption peak in the wave number range of 1715 to 1720 cm ⁇ 1 in the infrared absorption spectrum.
• the wood pellets of Embodiment 1 can be obtained, for example, by performing a step of precipitating solids from a solution of a cellulose-containing raw material dissolved in an organic acid under conditions that do not completely saponify the product during the manufacturing process of wood molded products. I can do it.
• the wood pellet of Aspect 1 contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and has a total lignin content of 20% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less. Since the total amount of lignin is within this range and is not completely saponified, excessive shrinkage when hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl groups are reconstructed is suppressed. From this point of view, the total lignin content of the wood pellets of aspect 1 may be 15% by mass or more and 48% by mass or less.
• the total lignin content may be 20% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less, and the composition ratio of polysaccharides obtained by sugar composition analysis may satisfy the following.
• Glucan 40% to 80% by weight
• Xylan 0.1% to 3.0% by weight
• Arabinan 0.2% to 3.0% by weight
• Mannan 1.0% to 5.0% by weight %below
• Glucan is a polysaccharide mainly derived from cellulose, and xylan, arabinan, and mannan are polysaccharides derived from hemicellulose.
• the composition ratio of glucan derived from cellulose is within the above range, the strength of the obtained wood molded product is improved.
• the polysaccharide derived from hemicellulose is contained in an amount exceeding the above range, the wood molded product may become colored during thermoforming.
• mannan which is a typical constituent sugar of hemicellulose, is less than the above range, the cellulose content will be relatively high, and the wood molded product may deform and shrink during thermoforming.
• the wood pellet contains cellulose having a cellulose type I crystal structure.
• This cellulose may be included as a fibrous material.
• a wood molded article with excellent strength can be obtained.
• the wood pellet of this embodiment 2 contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and has a total lignin content of 10% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less.
• This wood pellet may have a polysaccharide composition ratio determined by sugar composition analysis that satisfies the following.
• Glucan 55% to 80% by weight
• Xylan 0.1% to 5.0% by weight
• Arabinan 0.2% to 1.0% by weight
• Mannan 1.0% to 3.0% by weight % or less
• a wood pallet with a total lignin content in the above range and glucan, xylan, arabinan, and mannan in the above composition ratios suppresses shrinkage during thermoforming, has excellent strength, and has little coloration.
• a molded article can be obtained.
• the method for producing a wood molded article of the present disclosure includes (1) dissolving a cellulose-containing raw material in an organic acid to obtain a cellulose-containing solution; (2) adding water or an alkali to the cellulose-containing solution to reduce the solid content. (3) recovering this solid content; and (4) thermoforming the recovered solid content.
• the main component of this solid content is cellulose.
• the cellulose-containing raw material may be a raw material consisting essentially of cellulose (for example, pulp), or a raw material containing cellulose as lignocellulose. Woody biomass is preferred.
• lignocellulose which has a higher-order structure consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Due to its higher-order structure, lignocellulose was thought to be insoluble in solvents such as water and organic solvents under mild conditions.
• the present disclosers first formylated lignocellulose, which is the main component of woody biomass, in an organic acid, for example, formic acid, thereby inhibiting intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds due to cellulose, and inhibiting hemicellulose. and found that lignin can be solubilized and dissolved in organic acids under mild conditions. Furthermore, it has been found that this effect is also effective for cellulose-containing raw materials (for example, pulp) containing cellulose type I crystal structure.
• the cellulose-containing raw material is dissolved in the organic acid to obtain a cellulose-containing solution.
• the cellulose-containing raw material is lignocellulose containing lignin
• the lignin is also dissolved in the organic acid.
• the cellulose-containing raw material contains hemicellulose
• hemicellulose is also dissolved in the organic acid.
• the cellulose-containing solution may further include lignin and hemicellulose in addition to cellulose.
• the main component of the wood molded product of the present disclosure is cellulose.
• solid content containing cellulose is precipitated by adding water or an alkali to a cellulose-containing solution. It has been found that when liquid components (water, etc.) are lost from this solid content through deliquification and thermoforming, the higher-order structure due to hydrogen bonds is rebuilt, and the original structure of cellulose is regenerated. Moreover, it has been found that the physical properties (specific gravity, strength, etc.) of a molded article obtained by thermoforming the recovered solid content are improved compared to the cellulose-containing raw material (for example, woody biomass) used.
• the mechanism is that the hydroxyl groups of cellulose are regenerated by saponification (deformylation), forming intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose, and preferably, hemicellulose and lignin are insolubilized, resulting in high It is thought that the following structure occurs. Due to this mechanism, the manufacturing method of the present disclosure uses cellulose-containing raw materials, preferably lignocellulose, especially woody biomass as raw materials, and has excellent moldability and is compatible with general-purpose resins, without using petroleum-based chemicals that have a large burden on the environment. A wood molded article with comparable properties can be obtained.
• Step of dissolving the cellulose-containing raw material in an organic acid to obtain a cellulose-containing solution in order to obtain a cellulose-containing solution (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a "solution"), is dissolved in an organic acid.
• the cellulose-containing raw material only needs to contain cellulose, and may be a raw material containing cellulose as lignocellulose.
• Woody biomass is an example of a raw material containing cellulose mainly in the form of lignocellulose.
• the cellulose-containing raw material used in the present disclosure may be low-purity cellulose, high-purity cellulose, or dissolving pulp with high ⁇ -cellulose purity.
• waste paper pulp whose ⁇ -cellulose purity is not very high can also be used as the cellulose-containing raw material of the present disclosure.
• Preferred cellulose-containing raw materials further contain lignin in addition to cellulose.
• mechanical pulp is preferable, and woody biomass such as wood chips is more preferable.
• cellulose-containing raw materials may be used alone or in combination.
• a mixture of woody biomass and waste paper pulp may be used. It is particularly preferable that the cellulose-containing raw material includes woody biomass containing lignin.
• woody biomass Biomass usually means "renewable, biologically derived organic resources (excluding fossil fuels)".
• the woody biomass used in the production method of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and materials derived from wood such as hardwoods and conifers containing a large amount of lignocellulose are preferably used.
• Lignocellulose is a mixture of natural polymers consisting primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Although the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin vary depending on the type of woody biomass selected, the composition is not particularly limited in the production method of the present disclosure. Two or more types of woody biomass containing lignocellulose with different compositions may be used as the cellulose-containing raw material. Herbaceous biomass such as bagasse, rice straw, bran, etc. may be used in combination within the range where the effects of the present disclosure can be obtained. Woody biomass or herbaceous biomass may be used after being crushed, if necessary.
• Pulp refers to plant materials such as wood that are mechanically or chemically treated to extract cellulose. Examples include mechanical pulp produced by mechanically treating wood as it is or by heat-treating it. Mechanical pulp is classified into groundwood pulp (GP), refiner groundwood pulp (RGP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemical thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), etc. depending on the manufacturing method. Among them, ground wood pulp is preferred. Further, chemical pulp obtained by chemically treating wood may be used as the cellulose-containing raw material of the present disclosure. Examples of chemical pulp include rayon pulp and dissolving pulp. The pulp may be crushed and used.
• dissolution means a state in which the shape of the cellulose-containing raw material in the organic acid cannot be visually recognized. Even when a fibrous substance derived from lignocellulose is observed in the solution by microscopic observation or the like, when the shape of the cellulose-containing raw material itself has disappeared, it is defined as “dissolved”. Further, such a liquid in a “dissolved” state is defined as a “solution” in the present disclosure. Although it is preferred that the cellulose-containing raw material is uniformly dissolved in the organic acid, the cellulose-containing raw material may be partially dissolved in the organic acid. In the case of partial dissolution, a cellulose-containing solution can be obtained by removing undissolved components by filtration or the like.
• organic acid Although the type of organic acid is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present disclosure can be obtained, a typical organic acid is a carboxylic acid. It may be an aliphatic carboxylic acid or an aromatic carboxylic acid. From the viewpoint of excellent solubility of wood flour, ⁇ -keto acids and carboxylic acids having a formyl group are preferred, and organic acids selected from the group consisting of formic acid, glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid are particularly preferred. Formic acid, which can be produced from wood gas (mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen), is particularly preferred.
• the amount of organic acid to be mixed with the cellulose-containing raw material is appropriately selected depending on the type and shape of the cellulose-containing raw material, the type of organic acid, etc. From the viewpoint of improving dissolution efficiency, the amount of organic acid is preferably 4 parts by weight or more, more preferably 9 parts by weight or more, per 1 part by weight of the cellulose-containing raw material. From the viewpoint of improving production efficiency, the amount of organic acid is preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 49 parts by weight or less, per 1 part by weight of the cellulose-containing raw material.
• the amount of organic acid per part by weight of the cellulose-containing raw material may be 4 to 200 parts by weight, may be 4 to 100 parts by weight, may be 4 to 49 parts by weight, and may be 9 to 200 parts by weight.
• the amount may be from 9 to 100 parts by weight, and may be from 9 to 49 parts by weight.
• the organic acid may be added to the cellulose-containing raw material as it is, or may be added to the cellulose-containing raw material as a solution at a desired concentration.
• the dissolution conditions are not particularly limited and are appropriately selected depending on the type and shape of the cellulose-containing raw material, the type of organic acid, etc.
• the dissolution temperature is preferably 20°C or higher, more preferably 30°C or higher.
• the preferable melting temperature is 100° C. or lower.
• stirring treatment may be performed, or stirring treatment accompanied by pulverization may be performed.
• the manufacturing method of the present disclosure may include a step of dissolving the cellulose-containing raw material in an organic acid by stirring and pulverizing the raw material.
• devices for stirring treatment accompanied by pulverization include bead mills, colloid mills, disc refiners, conical refiners, and the like.
• the production method of the present disclosure further includes a step of pressurizing or reducing the pressure using a pressure adjusting means before mixing the cellulose-containing raw material and the organic acid and/or after mixing the cellulose-containing raw material and the organic acid.
• a pressure adjusting means before mixing the cellulose-containing raw material and the organic acid and/or after mixing the cellulose-containing raw material and the organic acid.
• absolute pressure is used when a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure is indicated by pressure reduction treatment, and gauge pressure based on atmospheric pressure is used when pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is indicated by pressure treatment.
• the pressure adjustment means used for pressurization and/or depressurization is not particularly limited.
• the pressure is adjusted to the above-mentioned pressure range by known means such as an aspirator, ejector, compressor, or mechanical pump.
• the solid content concentration of the cellulose-containing solution obtained by dissolving the cellulose-containing raw material in an organic acid is preferably 0.5 (w/v)% or more, more preferably 1.0 (w/v)% or more, and 1.5%. (w/v)% or more is more preferable. From the viewpoint of ease of production, the concentration of this solution is preferably 20 (w/v)% or less, more preferably 10 (w/v)% or less, and even more preferably 8.0 (w/v)% or less.
• the solids concentration of the cellulose-containing solution may be 0.5 to 20 (w/v)%, may be 0.5 to 10 (w/v)%, and may be 0.5 to 8.0 (w/v)%.
• /v)% may be 1.0-20(w/v)%, may be 1.0-10(w/v)%, may be 1.0-8.0(w/v)%. /v)%, may be 1.5-20(w/v)%, may be 1.5-10(w/v)%, may be 1.5-8.0(w/v)%. /v)%.
• the cellulose-containing solution may further contain known additives such as dyes as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
• water or alkali is added to the cellulose-containing solution obtained by dissolving the cellulose-containing raw material.
• the solubilized cellulose preferably lignocellulose, is regenerated and the insolubilized solids are precipitated.
• the main component of this solid content is cellulose.
• the cellulose-containing solution may be concentrated before this step. Known concentration methods such as evaporation concentration and vacuum concentration can be used as appropriate.
• the esterified cellulose is deesterified and made insolubilized by hydrogen bonding by the regenerated hydroxyl groups.
• the deesterified cellulose is precipitated in microdispersions in the lignin and hemicellulose matrix. Note that when formic acid is used in the previous step, deformylation of cellulose occurs in this step.
• the esterified cellulose is saponified (hydrolyzed) by adding alkali.
• the method of precipitating the solid content is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present disclosure can be obtained.
• the solid content may be precipitated by a hydromixing treatment, an alkali treatment, or a dialysis treatment. It is also possible to carry out a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of water addition treatment, alkali treatment, and dialysis treatment.
• hydromixing treatment means adding water (for example, distilled water) to a cellulose-containing solution and mixing it to precipitate solid content.
• water for example, distilled water
• the esterified cellulose may be partially hydrolyzed (saponified).
• the amount of water added to the cellulose-containing solution is appropriately selected depending on the solid content concentration in the solution.
• the amount of water added may be adjusted so that the cellulose-containing solution has a pH of 3 or higher, preferably a pH of 5 or higher, and more preferably a pH of 6 or higher.
• the amount of water in the water mixing treatment may be 100 times or more, 200 times or more, 1000 times or less, and 800 times or less of the cellulose-containing solution in terms of volume. good.
• the temperature of the hydromixing treatment is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 50°C, and may be room temperature (20°C ⁇ 5°C). To promote the reaction, the mixture may be stirred and mixed while being heated or kept warm.
• alkali treatment means adding an alkali to a cellulose-containing solution to cause a hydrolysis (saponification) reaction.
• hydrolysis hydrolysis
• saponification By promoting saponification through alkali treatment, the physical properties of wood molded products can be adjusted. Note that in this step, it is sufficient that the solid content containing cellulose is precipitated, and as long as the effects of the present disclosure can be obtained, intentional saponification treatment is not essential.
• the alkali used in the alkali treatment is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, ammonia, and the like.
• Alkali metal hydroxides are preferred, and sodium hydroxide is preferably used.
• These alkalis may be dissolved in a solvent such as water to prepare an alkaline solution with a desired concentration, and the alkali solution may be added to the cellulose-containing solution.
• the temperature of the alkali treatment is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present disclosure can be obtained, but from the viewpoint of promoting the hydrolysis reaction, it is preferably 10°C or higher, and more preferably 20°C or higher. From the viewpoint of suppressing coloration, the temperature of the alkali treatment is preferably 80°C or lower, more preferably 60°C or lower. In order to control the temperature within this range, the alkali treatment may be performed while cooling the cellulose-containing solution.
• the pH of the solution after treatment is not particularly limited as long as the precipitated solid content can be recovered.
• the solution after adding water or alkali may have a pH of 2.0 or more, a pH of 2.5 or more, or a pH of 3.0 or more.
• the pH is preferably 6.0 or higher, more preferably 7.0 or higher. If the pH exceeds 11, it may react with the ester groups of esterified cellulose to form excessive alkali salts. From this point of view, the pH is preferably less than 11.0, and more preferably pH 10.5 or less.
• Dialysis treatment means to precipitate solids by contacting the cellulose-containing material with a solvent through a semipermeable membrane (dialysis membrane). Specifically, a cellulose-containing solution is placed inside a semipermeable membrane and brought into contact with a solvent (eg, distilled water) outside the semipermeable membrane. Distilled water permeates inside the semipermeable membrane due to the concentration gradient inside and outside the semipermeable membrane, and a hydrolysis reaction progresses, regenerating the hydroxyl groups in cellulose, forming intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and reducing the solid content. Precipitate.
• solvent eg, distilled water
• the hemicellulose and lignin are insolubilized together with the cellulose, and a solid content containing a higher-order structure similar to lignocellulose is generated.
• the solvent may be exchanged at predetermined intervals.
• the amount of solvent used for the cellulose-containing solution is appropriately selected depending on the solid content concentration in the solution.
• the amount of solvent in the dialysis treatment may be 100 times or more, 200 times or more, 1000 times or less, and 800 times or less in volume with respect to the cellulose-containing solution.
• the temperature of the dialysis treatment is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 50°C, and may be room temperature (20°C ⁇ 5°C). Dialysis treatment can be performed while heating or keeping warm to accelerate the reaction.
• the material of the semipermeable membrane used for dialysis treatment is not particularly limited, and may be a regenerated cellulose membrane or a synthetic polymer membrane.
• the synthetic polymer membrane include an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer membrane, an acrylonitrile-sodium methacrylsulfonate copolymer membrane, and a polycarbonate-polyethylene glycol copolymer membrane.
• the molecular weight cut off (Molecular Weight Cut Off) of the semipermeable membrane is preferably 1000 to 5000, more preferably 1000 to 3500.
• Step of recovering solid content In this step, solid-liquid separation is performed to recover solid content precipitated by water or alkali addition.
• the method for separating and recovering the solid content is not particularly limited, and suction filtration, centrifugation, etc. can be used as appropriate.
• the filter medium is not particularly limited, and any filter medium that can filter out solid content may be used.
• the filter medium it is possible to use filter paper corresponding to type 2 defined in JIS P3801 "Filter paper (for chemical analysis)". As these two types of filter paper, No. 131 manufactured by Advantech is exemplified.
• the solid content can be sedimented and recovered using a swing rotor at 4000G for about 10 minutes.
• a general-purpose solid-liquid separator may be used. Examples of the solid-liquid separator include a screw press, a roller press, a rotary drum screen, a belt screen, a vibrating screen, and a multi-plate vibrating filter.
• the recovered solid content mainly contains cellulose.
• the solids may include cellulose that is at least partially esterified (eg, formylated). If lignocellulose or woody biomass is used as the cellulose-containing feedstock, the recovered solids may contain cellulose (or esterified cellulose) as well as hemicellulose and lignin.
• the solids may include at least partially esterified hemicellulose and at least partially esterified lignin.
• the recovered solid content may contain organic acid-derived components, alkali-derived components, etc., depending on the case. Therefore, the solid content may be washed after solid-liquid separation. Distilled water can be used for washing. After washing, the solid content is preferably dehydrated using known means. For example, a pool washer, a diffuser washer, a twin roll press, etc. may be used to dehydrate the solids. Note that in the previous step, if water is added to the cellulose-containing solution to precipitate the solid content and the pH of the solution is made approximately neutral to a desired weak acidity, the washing treatment may be omitted. That is, only dehydration treatment may be performed without performing cleaning treatment. Known means can also be used in this dehydration treatment.
• the solids recovered in this step may be partially lumpy solids.
• the solid content recovered in this step can also be stored, distributed, etc. as a molding material for wood molded products. That is, the solid content recovered in this step can be used as the wood pellets described above. Preferred embodiments of the wood pellets are as described above.
• This wood pellet can be used as a molding material for thermoforming, which will be described later. Furthermore, it can be used as a material for other known thermoforming or pulp molding.
• thermoforming the solid content the solid content recovered in the previous step (preferably the dehydrated solid content) or the wood pellets are thermoformed in order to obtain a wood molded product having a predetermined shape. will be carried out.
• the solid content used in this step may be any solid content recovered in the previous step.
• the solid content may be a dehydrated solid content, or a solid content that has not been dehydrated.
• Wood pellets whose moisture content is adjusted to be suitable for storage or transportation may be used as the molding material in this step.
• thermoforming means giving a specific shape to a material that has been softened by heating to a predetermined temperature using a mold.
• the thermoforming method is not particularly limited, and vacuum forming, press forming, pressure forming, etc. can be used as appropriate.
• the solid content or wood pellets recovered in the previous step may be heated while being put into a predetermined mold, and may be further pressurized if necessary. Further, after heating or after heating and pressurizing, it may be formed into a predetermined shape (trimmed) using known means such as cutting.
• a preform can be made in advance. That is, the preform is created with the solid content or wood pellets maintained in plasticity without being completely dried. This preform may be compressed with a mold, heated, and dried to form a wood molded product in a desired shape.
• the heating temperature during molding may be 60 to 210°C, 70 to 180°C, 80 to 150°C, or 90 to 140°C.
• the molding temperature is less than 60°C, the molding time becomes longer and the number of shots decreases. If the molding temperature exceeds 210°C, there is a concern that the molded product may change color.
• the pressure during molding may be about 100 to 400 Pa.
• An example of specific pressing conditions is a method of pressing with 400 kg for 30 minutes (first press) and then pressing with 3000 kg for 60 minutes (second press). That is, by applying a certain amount of pressure with the first press and then applying higher pressure with the second press, a more uniform wood molded product can be obtained.
• the same mold may be used for the first press and the second press to perform continuous steps.
• the preform may be created using the first press.
• thermoforming known thermoforming techniques for thermosetting resins can be used. Examples include transfer molding, injection molding, casting, and compression molding. In thermoforming of a thermosetting resin, gas is generated from the molding material during curing, so the process and design are designed to exhaust this gas, so it can be suitably used in the thermoforming process of the present disclosure. .
• a pulp injection mold may be applied to thermoforming the solids or wood pellets recovered in the previous step. That is, the wood molded product of the present disclosure can be obtained by filling a mold with solid content or wood pellets and heating and pressurizing the mold.
• the wood molded product containing the recovered solids before and/or after thermoforming may be dried. Further, the recovered solid content may be deliquified. Drying further improves the physical properties (specific gravity, strength, etc.) of the wood molded product. That is, during thermoforming, hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the like are more likely to be reformed, making it possible to obtain a high-density, strong wood-based molded product. From the same point of view, by drying the wood molded product, it is possible to increase the reformation of hydrogen bonds by cellulose and the like.
• the liquid removal may be carried out by putting the recovered solid content or wood pellets into a mold and then pressurizing the mold, or by creating a negative pressure inside the mold. Deliquing by applying pressure to the mold and deliquing by applying negative pressure inside the mold may be used in combination. In addition to deliquing by applying pressure to the mold and/or deliquing by making the inside of the mold a negative pressure, deliquing by heating may be used in combination. Further, the liquid may be removed before heating during the first press, or simultaneously during heating.
• the recovered solid content or wood pellets may be placed in a mold and left to stand while maintaining a weak pressure.
• This weak pressure forces water out of the solids.
• a weak pressure of about 1/100 to 1/1000 of the pressure in the second press during thermoforming described above is sufficient.
• the solid content may be heated while maintaining a weak pressure.
• the drying temperature may be about 50 to 90°C.
• the deliquing/drying time depends on the amount of solid content and the deliquidating/drying conditions, but may be, for example, about 3 to 12 hours.
• a thick wood molded product having a predetermined thickness can be obtained without being limited to the shape of a sheet or film. This makes it possible to develop a variety of applications for raw materials containing cellulose, which have conventionally had limited applications.
• the method may further include an optional step of pulverizing the cellulose-containing raw material to obtain a cellulose-containing powder before dissolving the cellulose-containing raw material in the organic acid.
• the pulverization allows the cellulose-containing raw material to be more easily dissolved by the organic acid.
• the cellulose-containing raw material is pulp, it may be beaten.
• the cellulose-containing raw material is wood chips or the like, it may be pulverized.
• the refining machine include a disc refiner, shopper, and mill.
• the crusher include a shredder, absolute mill, chopper, grinder mill, turbo mill, and the like. This step is effective, for example, when lignocellulose, particularly woody biomass, is used as a cellulose-containing raw material.
• woody biomass is pulverized to obtain woody biomass powder (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "wood flour").
• a device also referred to as a "medium pulverizer” that pulverizes a material on the order of several tens of millimeters into a size of several millimeters to several hundred micrometers.
• a powder that does not contain particles with a particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m is preferable, and a powder that does not contain particles with a particle size of 80 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
• the particle size of the powder is measured by a sieve classification method using a JIS standard sieve.
• compression pulverization impact pulverization, shear pulverization, etc. are used as methods for pulverizing woody biomass.
• Dry pulverization or wet pulverization may be used. Dry pulverization is preferably used because it is capable of pulverizing at the micron level and is inexpensive.
• preferred crushers for woody biomass include jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, crushing rolls, hammer mills, roller mills, cutter mills, hammer crushers, Willey mills, and the like. Two or more types of crushers may be used in combination. Wiley mills, which grind by shear and impact, are preferred.
• the pulverization of woody biomass may be continuous or batchwise. Before pulverization using a pulverizer, the woody biomass may be cut into small pieces (chips) using a known cutter, chipper, or the like. Note that these crushers can be used not only for crushing woody biomass but also for pulp. For example, when pulp is crushed, a disc refiner, a turbo mill, and a crushing device combining these can be suitably used.
• Example 1 wood sheets of Examples 1-3 were produced according to the following procedure. Specifically, chips of the raw material (woody biomass) were pulverized using a Wiley mill equipped with a 20-mesh sieve, and then the obtained powder was classified using a JIS standard sieve. Particles that passed through a sieve with an opening of 500 ⁇ m and did not pass through a sieve with an opening of 355 ⁇ m were collected to obtain wood flour (particle size 355 to 500 ⁇ m).
• the obtained wood flour was poured into a 50 ml vial in the amount shown in Table 1, and 10 ml of formic acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) with a concentration of 80% by weight was added to this vial under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Subsequently, this vial was placed in a vacuum desiccator and allowed to stand at a reduced pressure of -0.098 MPa for 30 minutes, then the temperature was raised to 40° C. under normal pressure and stirring was started. After 6 days, it was visually confirmed that the wood powder had disappeared and a uniform solution had been obtained.
• formic acid manufactured by Nacalai Tesque
• Example 4 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-3, except that the type of raw material (woody biomass) and dissolution conditions were shown in Table 1, and dialysis treatment was performed instead of saponification treatment and water was added. A wooden sheet was obtained. A photograph of the appearance of the wood sheet of Example 4 is shown in FIG.
• the dialysis treatment was performed by transferring the entire amount of the solution in which woody biomass was dissolved to a dialysis membrane (trade name: "Spectra/Pore 7, MWCO 1000" manufactured by Funakoshi) and immersing it in distilled water. The dialysis treatment was continued while replacing the distilled water twice a day until the distilled water became neutral (pH 7-8).
• FIG. 3 shows the surface state of Example 1 (magnifications of 50 times (3A) and 1000 times (3B)).
• FIG. 4 shows the surface state of Example 4 (magnifications of 50 times (4A) and 1000 times (4B)).
• Example 5 Cedar sapwood chips were crushed using a Willey mill equipped with a 20-mesh sieve, and then classified using a JIS standard sieve. Particles that passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m and did not pass through a sieve with an opening of 500 ⁇ m were collected to obtain wood flour (particle size 500-1000 ⁇ m).
• the wood flour was mixed with 80 ml of formic acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) with a concentration of 80% by weight so that the wood flour concentration was 2% (w/v), and then the pressure was reduced to -0.098 MPa. It was left standing for 30 minutes. Thereafter, a wood flour solution was obtained by raising the temperature to 40°C under normal pressure and stirring for 8 days. To the obtained solution, 60 ml of 10N sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise under ice cooling to adjust the pH to 3.0. Thereafter, the precipitated solid content was collected by centrifugation (centrifugal force: 10,000 g, time: 10 min).
• Example 2 [Example 6] - [Example 11]
• the raw material (woody biomass) chips shown in Tables 2 and 3 were each ground using a Wiley mill equipped with a 20-mesh sieve, and then classified using a JIS standard sieve. Particles that passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m and did not pass through a sieve with an opening of 500 ⁇ m were collected to obtain wood flour (particle size 500 to 1000 ⁇ m).
• the obtained wood flour was dissolved in formic acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) with a concentration of 80% by weight in the same manner as in Example 1. Thereafter, saponification treatment was performed by dropping a 10N sodium hydroxide solution under ice cooling. The pH of the solution after saponification treatment is shown in Tables 2 and 3. Each sample obtained was filtered under reduced pressure, and the solid content was recovered by washing the filtration residue with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral (pH 7-8).
• each of the collected solids was added to 50 ml of distilled water to prepare a dispersion. After filtering the resulting dispersion, the solid content was collected and heated at 80° C. for 24 hours under a load of 2.5 kg to obtain wood sheets with a thickness of 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
• each wood flour was dissolved in formic acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) with a concentration of 80% by weight in the same manner as in Example 1. Subsequently, each of the obtained solutions was cast on cellophane, left overnight on a culture dish with a lid at room temperature, and then vacuumed for 3 hours to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 20-50 ⁇ m. Ta. In Comparative Example 1-3, precipitation treatment (insolubilization treatment) of the solution was not performed.
• Example 6-11 and Comparative Example 1-3 were punched out into dumbbell shapes (No. 7 dumbbells) to prepare test pieces for tensile tests.
• a tensile tester (trade name "Universal Tensile Tester (Tensilon) RTG-1310" manufactured by A&D Co., Ltd.) was used.
• a tensile test (pulling speed: 2 mm/min, distance between grips: 20 mm, distance between gauge lines: 12 mm) was conducted in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1, and the maximum stress of Example 6-11 and Comparative Example 1-3 was determined. (unit: MPa), maximum elongation (unit: %), and elastic modulus (Young's modulus) (unit: MPa) (temperature 23° C., humidity 50%). The average of each of the five measurements is shown in Tables 2-4.
• a wood molded product with a high specific gravity can be obtained without using petroleum-based chemicals that have a large environmental impact.
• Table 2-4 the wood molded products of the Examples that were subjected to the precipitation treatment by adding water or alkali have superior mechanical properties compared to the molded products of the Comparative Examples.
• Test 3 In Test 3, the wood molded products of Examples 12 and 13 were manufactured using a cellulose-containing raw material that contained substantially no lignin and had an extremely low hemicellulose content.
• Example 12 18 g of cotton linter (manufactured by Southern Cellulose Co., Ltd., ⁇ -cellulose component: 99% or more) was weighed into a 1 L medium bottle, and 500 g of formic acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.) having a concentration of 80% by weight was added. Next, a vacuum pump was connected to this medium bottle to reduce the pressure for 30 minutes, and then 382 g of formic acid with a concentration of 80% by weight and a stirrer were added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 7 days in an oil bath at 50°C. A solution (concentration: 2% by weight, total weight: 900 g) was obtained.
• formic acid manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.
• the obtained solution was put into a 1 L eggplant-shaped flask, and the solvent was distilled off using an evaporator until the total weight of the contents was about 200 g to obtain a concentrated liquid.
• This concentrated liquid was put into a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, and distilled water was added so that the total volume of the liquid was about 1 L.
• a 10N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added until the pH of the contents reached approximately 12. Note that the pH of the contents was confirmed using a commercially available pH meter.
• distilled water was added to a total volume of about 1.8 L, and the solid content was precipitated by stirring slowly overnight at room temperature.
• Example 12 The resulting treated solution was filtered using filter paper (ADVANTEC No. 131, 150 mm diameter), and the filtration residue was washed with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral (pH 7-8). After suspending this filtration residue in 1 L of distilled water, the solid content of Example 12 was recovered by centrifuging at 4000 G for 10 minutes using a swing rotor. When the solid content of Example 12 was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR analysis), it was confirmed that there was no absorption peak derived from formyl groups in the 1715-1720 cm -1 region of the infrared absorption spectrum.
• FTIR analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
• Example 13 A solid content of Example 13 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that no alkali was added as a precipitation treatment. Specifically, the concentrated liquid obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 was put into a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, and distilled water was added so that the total volume of the liquid was about 1 L. After that, distilled water was added until the total volume of the liquid was about 1.8 L, and after stirring slowly overnight at room temperature, filtration, washing, and centrifugation were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 12. The solid content of Example 13 was collected.
• Example 13 When the solid content of Example 13 was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR analysis), it was confirmed that the infrared absorption spectrum showed an infrared absorption peak at 1715 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the formyl group.
• FTIR analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
• the yield (% by weight), specific gravity (g/cm 3 ), and contact angle (degree) of the obtained molded body are shown in Table 5, respectively.
• the yield was calculated as the ratio of the weight of the molded body to the weight of the raw materials used.
• the method for measuring specific gravity is as described above.
• Contact angle was measured according to the following method.
• the contact angle in this disclosure is a dynamic contact angle that measures the change in contact angle immediately after dropping a droplet. Measuring dynamic contact angles requires specification of time. A contact angle meter (manufactured by Nick Corporation) was used to measure the contact angle. The average value of three measurements in contact angle measurement mode with a maximum measurement time of 601 seconds (0-1 seconds and 1-601 seconds) was determined. The maximum contact angles for 0-1 seconds after addition of distilled water are shown in Table 5.
• Example 14 [Example 14] and [Example 16]
• the raw material (woody biomass) chips shown in Table 6 were each ground using a Wiley mill equipped with a 20-mesh sieve, and then classified using a JIS standard sieve. Particles that passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m and did not pass through a sieve with an opening of 500 ⁇ m were collected to obtain wood flour (particle size 500 to 1000 ⁇ m).
• the moisture content of the cedar wood flour of Example 14 was 8.40% by weight
• the moisture content of the eucalyptus wood flour of Example 16 was 10.03% by weight.
• the obtained solution was put into a 1 L eggplant-shaped flask, and the solvent was distilled off using an evaporator until the total weight of the contents was about 350 g to obtain a concentrated solution.
• This concentrated liquid was put into a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, and distilled water was added so that the total volume of the liquid was about 1 L. Thereafter, distilled water was further added to the total volume of about 1.8 L, and the solid content was precipitated by stirring slowly overnight at room temperature.
• the resulting treated solution was filtered using filter paper (ADVANTEC No. 131, 150 mm diameter), and the filtration residue was washed with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral (pH 7-8).
• Example 14 and 16 After suspending this filtration residue in 1 L of distilled water, the solid content of Examples 14 and 16 was recovered by centrifuging at 4000 G for 10 minutes using a swing rotor. The solid contents of Examples 14 and 16 were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR analysis), and it was confirmed that the infrared absorption spectrum had an infrared absorption peak at 1720 cm -1 due to a formyl group.
• FTIR analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
• Example 15 and 17 The solid contents of Examples 15 and 17 were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 14 and 16, except that the raw materials shown in Table 6 were used and the saponification treatment was performed by adding an alkali as a precipitation treatment. Specifically, the concentrated liquid obtained in the same manner as in Examples 14 and 16 was put into a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, and distilled water was added so that the total volume of the liquid was about 1 L. Thereafter, while cooling the Erlenmeyer flask, a 10N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added under stirring until the pH of the contents reached approximately 12.
• the yield (wt%), thickness (mm), specific gravity (g/cm 3 ), contact angle, ash content (wt%) and total lignin content (wt%) of the molded bodies of Examples 14-17 are shown in Table 6. is shown.
• the methods for measuring yield, specific gravity, and contact angle are as described above.
• the ash content and total lignin content were measured according to the NREL method.
• the specific method is as follows.
• Total lignin amount A sample of 300 mg was taken from each molded body, crushed as necessary, and then placed in a test tube with 3.0 ml of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 72% by weight, and left to stand in a water bath at 30°C to perform hydrolysis. . After standing still for 60 minutes while crushing the lumped sample with a glass rod every 5-10 minutes, 84 ml of deionized water was added to the test tube to adjust the sulfuric acid concentration to 4% by weight. Subsequently, further hydrolysis was performed at 121° C. for 1 hour in an autoclave.
• the obtained reaction solution was filtered and the filtration residue was washed with water to obtain a filtrate containing acid-soluble lignin and a filtration residue containing acid-insoluble lignin.
• the amount of acid-insoluble lignin was determined.
• the absorbance of the obtained filtrate at 205 nm was measured using 4% sulfuric acid as a reference cell, and the amount of acid-soluble lignin in the filtrate was calculated using an extinction coefficient of 110 (L/g ⁇ cm).
• the amount of acid-insoluble lignin and the amount of acid-soluble lignin were each measured twice and the average value was determined.
• the total amount of acid-insoluble lignin and acid-soluble lignin obtained was defined as the total lignin amount, and the proportion of each to the total weight of the measurement sample is shown in Table 6.
• Test pieces (width 1 cm, length 5 cm) for tensile testing and bending testing were cut from the molded bodies of Examples 14-16, respectively.
• the tensile properties and bending properties were measured in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1 using a product name "Universal Tensile Tester (Tensilon) RTG-1310" manufactured by A&D Co., Ltd. as the measuring device ( temperature 23°C, humidity 50%).
• the measurement conditions are as follows. The results obtained are shown in Table 7 below.
• Tensile test Load cell 1000N
• Tensile speed 10mm/min Distance between grips: 20mm Bending test (3-point bending test)
• Load cell 1000N Bending speed: 2mm/min Distance between fulcrums: 30mm

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=88329270

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (1)

Citations (10)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2022
  • 2022-04-12 JP JP2024515210A patent/JPWO2023199402A1/ja active Pending
  • 2022-04-12 WO PCT/JP2022/017590 patent/WO2023199402A1/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2022-04-12 US US18/856,961 patent/US20250262791A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-04-12 CN CN202280094691.9A patent/CN118984765A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-04-12 EP EP22936721.4A patent/EP4509286A1/en active Pending

Patent Citations (10)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events