WO2023179022A1 - 一种带交换工作台的铣镗床以及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种带交换工作台的铣镗床以及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023179022A1
WO2023179022A1 PCT/CN2022/128519 CN2022128519W WO2023179022A1 WO 2023179022 A1 WO2023179022 A1 WO 2023179022A1 CN 2022128519 W CN2022128519 W CN 2022128519W WO 2023179022 A1 WO2023179022 A1 WO 2023179022A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exchange
milling
rotary
work surface
workpiece
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PCT/CN2022/128519
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹移伟
张力
游爽
赵朋
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纽威数控装备(苏州)股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023179022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023179022A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B39/00—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
    • B23B39/02—Boring machines; Combined horizontal boring and milling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/64—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by the purpose of the movement
    • B23Q1/66—Worktables interchangeably movable into operating positions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of machine tools, and in particular to a milling and boring machine with an exchangeable worktable and a method of using the same.
  • the milling and boring machine is a general-purpose mechanical processing equipment with excellent structural performance, wide range of processes, and high production efficiency. It is widely used in vehicles, ships, energy, chemical industry, metallurgy and other related mechanical processing fields.
  • Current milling and boring machines are equipped with a rotary worktable structure, which has a unique work surface. This structure determines the use of the machine tool for intermittent work, that is, when a workpiece is processed, the machine tool needs to stop and wait for the completed workpiece to be processed. During disassembly and clamping of new workpieces, the machine tool spindle utilization rate is not high.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a milling and boring machine with an exchange table, which can eliminate the shutdown waiting time of the machine host when disassembling and clamping the workpiece, and realizes the continuous operation of the machine tool spindle. ,Increase productivity.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method of using a milling and boring machine with an exchange table. This method of use can eliminate the shutdown waiting time of the machine host during workpiece disassembly and clamping, and realize the machine tool spindle. Continuous work to improve production efficiency.
  • a milling and boring machine with an exchange table including a main machine and a rotary workbench.
  • the rotary workbench is located on one side of the main machine.
  • the rotary workbench includes a bed and a sliding structure.
  • the sliding structure can move along the bed.
  • the milling and boring machine with an exchange table also includes two exchange devices and two work surfaces.
  • the two exchange devices are located on one side of the rotary table and are arranged along the sliding direction of the sliding structure.
  • Each of the The exchange device includes a bracket, a movable base slidably installed on the bracket, and a pulling structure installed on the movable base.
  • the sliding structure moves along the bed until it is aligned with the exchange device.
  • the movable base can move relative to any position.
  • the reciprocating movement of the bracket causes the pulling structure to extend or reset so that the work surface on the rotary table moves to the exchange device or the work surface on the exchange device moves to the rotary work table.
  • the work surface includes a hook
  • the exchange device also includes a guide column.
  • the guide column is installed on the pulling structure, and the pulling structure drives the guide column to enter the hook or escape from the hook.
  • the pulling structure includes a first sprocket, a second sprocket and a chain.
  • the first sprocket and the second sprocket are rotatably installed on the movable base, and the chain is sleeved on the third sprocket. Between one sprocket and the second sprocket, the guide post is fixed to the chain.
  • the exchange device also includes a position detection device, the position detection device includes a limit switch and a bumper block, the limit switch and the bumper block are respectively installed on the moving base and the chain, the The collision block collides with the limit switch to detect the position of the work surface.
  • the sliding structure includes an upper sliding seat, a guide rail and a clamping cylinder.
  • the guide rail is used to install the work surface.
  • the guide rail is installed on the upper sliding seat through the clamping cylinder.
  • the clamping cylinder The oil cylinder drives the guide rail to move up and down relative to the upper sliding seat, so that the work surface can be raised or lowered relative to the rotary work table.
  • the sliding structure further includes a positioning oil cylinder, which is installed on the upper sliding seat.
  • the positioning oil cylinder can cooperate with the work surface to position the upper sliding seat and the work surface.
  • the sliding structure also includes a lower seat, a mandrel, a circular scale and a rotary driving part.
  • the upper sliding seat is rotationally installed on the lower seat through the mandrel, and the rotary driving part drives the upper sliding seat.
  • the sliding seat rotates relative to the lower sliding seat, and the circular grating ruler positions the upper sliding seat.
  • the exchange device also includes a guide structure, the guide structure includes a slide rail and a plurality of guide wheels, the slide rail is installed on the bracket, and a plurality of the guide wheels are rotatably installed inside the slide rail and protrude.
  • the guide wheels are located on the upper surface and side surfaces of the slide rail, and the guide wheels form rolling friction between the work surface and the slide rail.
  • the guide structure also includes an anti-overturning roller, which is rotatably installed inside the slide rail and extends from the slide rail.
  • the anti-overturning roller is located inside the slide rail.
  • the overturning roller contacts the bottom of the work surface to prevent the work surface from overturning or turning over in the exchange device.
  • a method of using any of the above-mentioned milling and boring machines with exchangeable worktables including the following steps:
  • Two worktables are installed on two exchange devices respectively, and the workpiece is clamped on one worktable;
  • the sliding structure of the rotary table moves relative to the bed until it is aligned with the exchange device on which the workpiece is installed;
  • the clamping cylinder drives the guide rail to rise relative to the upper slide in preparation for receiving the work surface. At this time, the positioning cylinder is in a retracted state;
  • the exchange device aligned with the sliding structure drives the work table and the workpiece to extend directly above the sliding structure through the first driving part and the second driving part;
  • the positioning cylinder of the sliding structure rises, and the clamping cylinder retracts, so that the work surface and the sliding structure are positioned and clamped;
  • the host machine processes the workpiece on the rotary table and clamps the workpiece on another worktable at the same time;
  • the processed workpiece and the worktable on which the workpiece is installed are transferred to the exchange device;
  • the host machine transfers the work surface and clamped workpieces on another exchange device to the rotary workbench.
  • the host machine processes the workpieces to achieve continuous operation. At the same time, it disassembles the processed workpieces and installs the next workpiece to be processed.
  • the rotary worktable of the milling and boring machine with an exchange table of the present invention includes a bed and a sliding structure.
  • the sliding structure can move along the bed.
  • the milling and boring machine with an exchange table also includes two exchange devices and two work surfaces. , two exchange devices are located on one side of the rotary table and are arranged along the sliding direction of the sliding structure.
  • Each exchange device includes a bracket, a movable base slidably installed on the bracket, and a pulling structure installed on the movable base.
  • the sliding structure moves along the bed until it meets the The exchange device is aligned, and the movable base can move back and forth relative to the bracket to extend or reset the pulling structure so that the work surface on the rotary table moves to the exchange device or the work surface on the exchange device moves to the rotary work table.
  • Two exchange devices and Two worktables are designed. When one of the worktables containing the workpiece is in the process of processing, the other worktable is idle on the exchange device. You can take the opportunity to complete the clamping of the next workpiece, eliminating the need for disassembly and clamping of the workpiece. It shortens the host's shutdown waiting time, realizes the continuous operation of the machine tool spindle, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the machine tool.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a milling and boring machine with an exchange table according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the rotary worktable of the milling and boring machine with exchangeable worktable in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary worktable of Figure 2;
  • FIG 4 is a perspective view of the exchange device of the milling and boring machine with an exchange table in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of the switching device of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the switching device in FIG. 4 in use.
  • First driving part 45. Pulling structure; 450. Second driving part; 451. First sprocket; 452. Second sprocket; 453. Chain; 46. Guide column; 47 , position detection device; 470, limit switch; 471, bumper block; 50, chip conveyor; 60, controller.
  • a component when referred to as being “fixed to” another component, it can be directly on the other component or another intermediate component may be present through which it is fixed.
  • a component When a component is said to be “connected” to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be another intermediate component present at the same time.
  • a component When a component is said to be “disposed on” another component, it can be directly located on the other component or another intervening component may be present.
  • the terms “vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right” and similar expressions are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
  • Figures 1 to 6 show a milling and boring machine with an exchange table according to the present invention, which includes a main machine 10, a rotary table 20, two work surfaces 30, two exchange devices 40, two chip conveyors 50 and a controller 60.
  • the main machine 10 includes a fuselage 11 , a base 12 , a column 13 , a spindle box 14 and a spindle structure 15 .
  • the column 13 is mounted on the fuselage 11 by sliding forward and backward through the base 12 .
  • the spindle structure 15 is mounted on the column 13 by sliding up and down through the spindle box 14 .
  • the rotary workbench 20 is located on one side of the main machine 10, and the rotary workbench 20 and the main machine 10 are arranged in a T shape.
  • the rotary table 20 includes a bed 21 and a sliding structure 22 .
  • the sliding structure 22 can slide relative to the bed 21 along the first direction.
  • the sliding structure 22 includes a lower seat 220, a rotary drive part 221, an upper sliding seat 222, a clamping cylinder 223, a guide rail 224, a spindle 225, a spindle bearing 226, a circular scale 227, a ring gear 228 and a positioning cylinder 229.
  • the upper sliding seat 222 is rotatably mounted on the lower sliding seat 220 through the core shaft 225 .
  • the rotary driving member 221 and the ring gear 228 drive the upper sliding seat 222 to rotate through the core shaft 225, and the first bearing 226 is installed between the core shaft 225 and the upper sliding seat 222.
  • the circular scale 227 can accurately position the upper sliding seat 222.
  • the clamping oil cylinder 223 is installed on the upper sliding seat 222, and the guide rail 224 is installed on the output part of the clamping oil cylinder 223.
  • the clamping cylinder 223 can drive the guide rail 224 to rise and fall relative to the upper sliding seat 222 to facilitate receiving the work surface 30 .
  • the positioning oil cylinder 229 is installed on the upper sliding seat 222 and can be extended to cooperate with the work surface 30 to position the work surface 30 .
  • the work surface 30 includes a body 31 and a hook 32 .
  • the hook 32 is located on the edge of the body 31 and is provided with a groove.
  • the exchange device 40 includes a bracket 41 , a guide structure 42 , a moving base 43 , a first driving part 44 , a pulling structure 45 , a guide column 46 and a position detection device 47 .
  • the bracket 41 includes a main body 410 and a support 411 .
  • the main body 410 and the support 411 are connected by bolts.
  • the number of guide structures 42 is two, and the two guide structures 42 are installed on both sides of the support 411 respectively.
  • Each guide structure 42 includes a slide rail 420, a number of guide wheels 421 and a number of anti-overturning rollers 422.
  • a plurality of guide wheels 421 are rotatably installed inside the slide rail 420 and are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the slide rail 420 .
  • a number of guide wheels 421 protrude from the surface of the slide rail 420.
  • the guide wheels 421 are located on the upper surface and side surfaces of the slide rail 420.
  • the guide wheels 421 change the sliding friction between the work surface 30 and the slide rail 420 into rolling friction, reducing the friction resistance. .
  • a plurality of anti-overturning rollers 422 are rotatably installed inside the slide rail 420 and are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the slide rail 420 .
  • a number of anti-overturning rollers 422 extend from the slide rail 420 .
  • the anti-overturning rollers 422 are located inside the slide rail 420 .
  • the anti-overturning rollers 422 contact the bottom of the work surface 30 to prevent the work surface 30 from overturning or turning over in the exchange device 40 .
  • the moving base 43 is slidably installed on the bracket 41 , the first driving member 44 is fixed on the bracket 41 and the output part of the first driving member 44 is connected to the moving base 43 .
  • the first driving member 44 drives the moving base 43 to slide relative to the bracket 41 .
  • the first driving member 44 is an oil cylinder.
  • the pulling structure 45 includes a second driving member 450 , a first sprocket 451 , a second sprocket 452 and a chain 453 .
  • the second driving member 450 is fixed to the moving base 43 , and the first sprocket 451 and the second sprocket 452 are respectively rotatably installed on the moving base 43 .
  • the second sprocket 452 is sleeved between the first sprocket 451 and the second sprocket 452 .
  • the output end of the second driving member 450 is connected to the first sprocket 451, and the second driving member 450 drives the first sprocket 451 to rotate, thereby causing the chain 453 to operate.
  • the position of the second sprocket 452 installed on the moving base 43 can be adjusted through the waist hole, so that the chain 453 can be kept tensioned.
  • the second driving component 450 is a motor.
  • the guide post 46 is fixedly installed on the chain 453 , and the chain 453 drives the guide post 46 to move so that the guide post 46 is locked with the body 31 of the work surface 30 , so that the chain 453 drives the work surface 30 .
  • the position detection device 47 includes a limit switch 470 and a bumper 471 .
  • the limit switch 470 is fixed on the moving base 43, and the bumping block 471 is fixed on the chain 453.
  • the chain 453 drives the bumping block 471 to move and contact the limit switch 470, thereby determining the position of the work surface 30.
  • the limit switch 470 may have multiple positions, and the multiple limit switches 470 are disposed at different positions, so that the work surface 30 can be detected at different positions.
  • chip conveyors 50 There are two chip conveyors 50 , and the two chip conveyors 50 are respectively located on both sides of the rotary worktable 20 .
  • the controller 60 is electrically connected to the main machine 10, the rotary table 20, the two exchange devices 40 and the two chip conveyors 50 to control the operation of the horizontal milling and boring machine.
  • the main machine 10 When using a milling and boring machine with an exchangeable worktable, in the initial state, the main machine 10 is in a state to be processed, one worktable 30 is in the exchange device 40 on the left, and the other worktable 30 is in the exchange device 40 on the right. Clamp the workpiece on the work table 30 on the left exchange device 40; the sliding structure 22 of the rotary table 20 moves relative to the bed 21 until it is aligned with the left exchange device 40; the clamping cylinder 223 of the rotary table 20 drives the guide rail 224 to face each other The upper sliding seat 222 is raised to prepare to receive the work surface 30.
  • the positioning cylinder 229 is in a retracted state; the left exchange device 40 aligned with the sliding structure 22 drives the movable seat 43 to extend through the first driving part 44, so that the work surface 30
  • the left switching device 40 is initially removed.
  • the second driving member 450 is controlled to rotate the chain 453, and the work table 30 is driven by the guide column 46 to move directly above the rotary work table 20.
  • the positioning cylinder 229 of the sliding structure 22 rises, and the clamping cylinder 223 retracts, so that the work surface 30 and the sliding structure 22 are positioned and clamped; the main machine 10 processes the workpiece on the rotary workbench 20 and at the same time processes the exchange device on the right
  • the work table 30 on the rotary table 20 clamps the next workpiece to be processed; when the work piece on the rotary table 20 is processed, the processed work piece and the work table 30 on which the work piece is installed are transferred to the left exchange device 40; the rotary work
  • the sliding structure 22 of the table 20 moves relative to the bed 21 until it is aligned with the exchange device 40 on the right; the clamping cylinder 223 of the rotary workbench 20 drives the guide rail 224 to rise relative to the upper slide 222 to prepare to receive the worktable 30.
  • the positioning cylinder 229 is in a retracted state; the right exchange device 40 aligned with the sliding structure 22 drives the moving base 43 to extend through the first driving member 44, so that the work surface 30 is initially moved out of the right exchange device 40.
  • the second driving member 450 is controlled to rotate the chain 453, and the work table 30 is driven by the guide column 46 to move directly above the rotary work table 20.
  • the positioning cylinder 229 of the sliding structure 22 rises, and the clamping cylinder 223 retracts, so that the work table 30 and the sliding structure 22 are positioned and clamped; the host machine 10 processes the workpiece on the rotary workbench 20 .
  • This application also relates to the method of using the above-mentioned milling and boring machine with an exchange table.
  • the method of using the milling and boring machine with an exchange table specifically includes the following steps:
  • the two worktables 30 are respectively installed on the two exchange devices 40, and the workpiece is clamped on one worktable 30;
  • the sliding structure 22 of the rotary table 20 moves relative to the bed 21 until it is aligned with the exchange device 40 for mounting the workpiece;
  • the clamping cylinder 223 drives the guide rail 224 to rise relative to the upper sliding seat 222 in preparation for receiving the work surface 30. At this time, the positioning cylinder 229 is in a retracted state;
  • the exchange device 40 aligned with the sliding structure 22 drives the work table 30 and the workpiece to extend directly above the sliding structure 22 through the first driving member 44 and the second driving member 450;
  • the positioning cylinder 229 of the sliding structure 22 rises, and the clamping cylinder 223 retracts, so that the work surface 30 and the sliding structure 22 are positioned and clamped;
  • the host computer 10 processes the workpiece on the rotary table 20 and simultaneously clamps the workpiece on the other worktable 30;
  • the processed workpiece and the worktable 30 on which the workpiece is installed are transferred to the empty exchange device 40;
  • the work table 30 and the clamped workpiece on the other exchange device 40 are transferred to the rotary workbench 20.
  • the host machine 10 processes the workpiece to achieve continuous operation, while simultaneously disassembling the processed workpiece and installing the next workpiece to be processed.
  • the machine tool with an exchange workbench of the present invention can eliminate the shutdown waiting time of the machine tool host 10 when disassembling and clamping the workpiece, realizes the continuous operation of the machine tool spindle, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the milling and boring machine host 10.

Abstract

一种带交换工作台的铣镗床，回转工作台(20)的滑动结构(22)能够沿床身移动，两交换装置(40)位于回转工作台(20)一侧并沿滑动结构(22)的滑动方向设置，滑动结构(22)沿床身移动直至与交换装置(40)对齐，移动座(43)能够相对支架(41)往复移动使拉动结构(45)伸出或复位以便于回转工作台上的工作台面（30）移动至交换装置（40）或交换装置上的工作台面移动至回转工作台，通过两交换装置（40）以及两工作台面（30）设计，消除工件拆卸及装夹时主机的停机等待时间，实现机床主轴的连续式工作，大幅提升机床的利用率。还包括一种上述带交换工作台的铣镗床的使用方法。

Description

一种带交换工作台的铣镗床以及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机床领域，尤其是涉及一种带交换工作台的铣镗床以及其使用方法。
背景技术
铣镗床是一种结构性能优良、工艺范围广泛、生产效率高的通用型机械加工设备，广泛应用于车辆、船舶、能源、化工、冶金等相关的机械加工领域。目前的铣镗床均配一套回转工作台结构，其具有唯一的工作台面，该结构决定了机床的使用方式为间歇式工作，即当一件工件加工完成后，机床需停机等待已完工工件的拆卸及新工件的装夹，机床主轴利用率不高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种带交换工作台的铣镗床，该机床能消除工件拆卸及装夹时机床主机的停机等待时间，实现机床主轴的连续式工作，提高生产效率。
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之二在于提供一种带交换工作台的铣镗床使用方法，该使用方法能消除工件拆卸及装夹时机床主机的停机等待时间，实现机床主轴的连续式工作，提高生产效率。
本发明的目的之一采用如下技术方案实现：
一种带交换工作台的铣镗床，包括主机以及回转工作台，所述回转工作台位于所述主机一侧，所述回转工作台包括床身以及滑动结构，所述滑动结构能够沿所述床身移动，所述带交换工作台的铣镗床还包括两交换装置以及两工作台面，两所述交换装置位于所述回转工作台一侧并沿所述滑动结构的滑动方向设置，每一所述交换装置包括支架、滑动安装于所述支架的移动座以及安装于所述移动座的拉动结构，所述滑动结构沿所述床身移动直至与所述交换装置对齐，所述移动座能够相对所述支架往复移动使所述拉动结构伸出或复位以便于所述回转工作台上的工作台面移动至所述交换装置或所述交换装置上的工作台面移动至所述回转工作台。
进一步的，所述工作台面包括挂钩，所述交换装置还包括导向柱，所述导向柱安装于所述拉动结构，所述拉动结构带动所述导向柱进入所述挂钩或脱离所述挂钩。
进一步的，所述拉动结构包括第一链轮、第二链轮以及链条，所述第一链轮与所述第二链轮转动安装于所述移动座，所述链条套设于所述第一链轮与所述第二链轮之间，所述导向柱固定于所述链条。
进一步的，所述交换装置还包括位置检测装置，所述位置检测装置包括 限位开关以及碰块，所述限位开关以及所述碰块分别安装于所述移动座以及所述链条，所述碰块与所述限位开关碰撞以检测所述工作台面的位置。
进一步的，所述滑动结构包括上滑座、导轨以及夹紧油缸，所述导轨用于安装所述工作台面，所述导轨通过所述夹紧油缸安装于所述上滑座，所述夹紧油缸带动所述导轨相对所述上滑座上下移动，以便于所述工作台面相对所述回转工作台升降。
进一步的，所述滑动结构还包括定位油缸，所述定位油缸安装于所述上滑座，所述定位油缸能够与所述工作台面配合使所述上滑座与所述工作台面定位。
进一步的，所述滑动结构还包括下滑座、芯轴、圆光栅尺以及回转驱动件，所述上滑座通过所述芯轴转动安装于所述下滑座，所述回转驱动件带动所述上滑座相对所述下滑座转动，所述圆光栅尺使所述上滑座定位。
进一步的，所述交换装置还包括导向结构，所述导向结构包括滑轨以及若干导向轮，所述滑轨安装于所述支架，若干所述导向轮转动安装于所述滑轨内部并凸出于所述滑轨表面，所述导向轮位于所述滑轨上表面及侧表面，所述导向轮使所述工作台面与所述滑轨之间形成滚动摩擦。
进一步的，所述导向结构还包括防倾覆滚轮，所述防倾覆滚轮转动安装于所述滑轨内部并从所述滑轨伸出，所述防倾覆滚轮位于所述滑轨内侧，所述防倾覆滚轮与所述工作台面底部接触，防止所述工作台面在所述交换装置内倾覆或翻转。
本发明的目的之二采用如下技术方案实现：
一种基于上述任意一种带交换工作台的铣镗床的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
两工作台面分别安装于两交换装置上，在一工作台面上装夹工件；
回转工作台的滑动结构相对床身移动直至与安装工件的交换装置对齐；
夹紧油缸带动导轨相对上滑座升起以准备承接工作台面，此时定位油缸处于回缩状态；
与滑动结构对齐的交换装置通过第一驱动件以及第二驱动件带动工作台面以及工件伸出至滑动结构正上方；
滑动结构的定位油缸升起，夹紧油缸回缩，使工作台面与滑动结构定位并被夹紧；
主机对回转工作台上的工件进行加工，同时对另一工作台面进行装夹工件；
当回转工作台上的工件加工完成后，将加工好的工件以及安装该工件的工作台面转移至交换装置中；
将另一交换装置上的工作台面以及装夹好的工件转移至回转工作台，主机对工件进行加工实现连续作业，同时拆卸加工好的工件并安装下一待加工工件。
相比现有技术，本发明带交换工作台的铣镗床的回转工作台包括床身以 及滑动结构，滑动结构能够沿床身移动，带交换工作台的铣镗床还包括两交换装置以及两工作台面，两交换装置位于回转工作台一侧并沿滑动结构的滑动方向设置，每一交换装置包括支架、滑动安装于支架的移动座以及安装于移动座的拉动结构，滑动结构沿床身移动直至与交换装置对齐，移动座能够相对支架往复移动使拉动结构伸出或复位以便于回转工作台上的工作台面移动至交换装置或交换装置上的工作台面移动至回转工作台，通过采用两交换装置以及两工作台面设计，其中一件装有工件的工作台面处于加工过程中时，另一工作台面在交换装置上处于闲置状态，可趁机对其完成下一工件的装夹，消除工件拆卸及装夹时主机的停机等待时间，实现机床主轴的连续式工作，大幅提升机床的利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明带交换工作台的铣镗床的立体图；
图2为图1的带交换工作台的铣镗床的回转工作台的立体图；
图3为图2的回转工作台的剖视图；
图4为图1的带交换工作台的铣镗床的交换装置的立体图；
图5为图4的交换装置的俯视图；
图6为图4的交换装置的使用状态示意图。
图中：10、主机；11、机身；12、底座；13、立柱；14、主轴箱；15、主轴结构；20、回转工作台；21、床身；22、滑动结构；220、下滑座；221、回转驱动件；222、上滑座；223、夹紧油缸；224、导轨；225、芯轴；226、芯轴轴承；227、圆光栅尺；228、齿圈；229、定位油缸；30、工作台面；31、本体；32、挂钩；40、交换装置；41、支架；410、主体；411、支座；42、导向结构；420、滑轨；421、导向轮；422、防倾覆滚轮；43、移动座；44、第一驱动件；45、拉动结构；450、第二驱动件；451、第一链轮；452、第二链轮；453、链条；46、导向柱；47、位置检测装置；470、限位开关；471、碰块；50、排屑机；60、控制器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在另一中间组件，通过中间组件固定。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在另一中间组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在另一中间组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
图1至图6为本发明带交换工作台的铣镗床，包括主机10、回转工作台20、两工作台面30、两交换装置40、两排屑机50以及控制器60。
主机10包括机身11、底座12、立柱13、主轴箱14以及主轴结构15。立柱13通过底座12前后滑动安装于机身11。主轴结构15通过主轴箱14上下滑动安装于立柱13。
回转工作台20位于主机10一侧，回转工作台20与主机10呈T形排布。回转工作台20包括床身21以及滑动结构22。滑动结构22能够相对床身21沿第一方向滑动。滑动结构22包括下滑座220、回转驱动件221、上滑座222、夹紧油缸223、导轨224、芯轴225、芯轴轴承226、圆光栅尺227、齿圈228以及定位油缸229。
上滑座222通过芯轴225转动安装于下滑座220。回转驱动件221以及齿圈228通过芯轴225驱动上滑座222转动，第一轴承226安装于芯轴225以及上滑座222之间。圆光栅尺227能够对上滑座222进行精确定位。夹紧油缸223安装于上滑座222，导轨224安装于夹紧油缸223的输出部。夹紧油缸223能够带动导轨224相对上滑座222升降以便于承接工作台面30。定位油缸229安装于上滑座222并且定位油缸229能够伸出与工作台面30配合使工作台面30定位。
工作台面30包括本体31以及挂钩32。挂钩32位于本体31边缘，挂钩32上设有凹槽。
交换装置40包括支架41、导向结构42、移动座43、第一驱动件44、拉动结构45、导向柱46以及位置检测装置47。
支架41包括主体410以及支座411。主体410与支座411通过螺栓连接。
导向结构42的数量为两个，两导向结构42分别安装于支座411两侧。每一导向结构42包括滑轨420、若干导向轮421以及若干防倾覆滚轮422。若干导向轮421转动安装于滑轨420的内部并沿滑轨420的延伸方向均匀间隔设置。若干导向轮421凸出于滑轨420表面，导向轮421位于滑轨420上表面及侧表面，导向轮421使工作台面30与滑轨420之间由滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦，减小摩擦阻力。若干防倾覆滚轮422转动安装于滑轨420的内部并沿滑轨420的延伸方向均匀间隔设置。若干防倾覆滚轮422从滑轨420伸出，防倾覆滚轮422位于滑轨420内侧，防倾覆滚轮422与工作台面30底部接触，防止工作台面30在交换装置40内倾覆或翻转。
移动座43滑动安装于支架41，第一驱动件44固定于支架41并且第一驱动件44的输出部与移动座43连接。第一驱动件44驱使移动座43相对支架41滑动。具体的，第一驱动件44为油缸。
拉动结构45包括第二驱动件450、第一链轮451、第二链轮452以及链条453。第二驱动件450固定于移动座43，第一链轮451以及第二链轮452分别转动安装于移动座43。第二链轮452套设于第一链轮451以及第二链轮452之间。第二驱动件450的输出端与第一链轮451连接，第二驱动件450带动第一链轮451转动，从而使链条453运转。第二链轮452能够通过腰孔调节安装在移动座43上的位置，从而使链条453保持张紧。具体的，第二驱动件450为电机。
导向柱46固定安装于链条453，链条453带动导向柱46移动使导向柱46与工作台面30的本体31卡扣，以便于链条453带动工作台面30。
位置检测装置47包括限位开关470以及碰块471。限位开关470固定于移动座43，碰块471固定于链条453，链条453带动碰块471移动与限位开关470碰触，实现工作台面30的位置的确定。具体的，限位开关470的位置可以为多个，多个限位开关470设置于不同位置，以便于工作台面30在不同位置时都能被检测到。
排屑机50的数量为两个，两排屑机50分别位于回转工作台20的两侧边。
控制器60与主机10、回转工作台20、两交换装置40以及两排屑机50电性连接，以控制卧式铣镗床工作。
使用带交换工作台的铣镗床时，初始状态下，主机10处于待加工状态，一工作台面30在左边的交换装置40内，另一工作台面30在右边交换装置40内。在左边的交换装置40上的工作台面30上装夹工件；回转工作台20的滑动结构22相对床身21移动直至与左边的交换装置40对齐；回转工作台20的夹紧油缸223带动导轨224相对上滑座222升起以准备承接工作台面30，此时定位油缸229处于回缩状态；与滑动结构22对齐的左边交换装置40通过第一驱动件44带动移动座43伸出，使工作台面30初步移出左边交换装置40。控制第二驱动件450，使链条453旋转，工作台面30被导向柱46带动移至回转工作台20的正上方。滑动结构22的定位油缸229升起，夹紧油缸223回缩，使工作台面30与滑动结构22定位并被夹紧；主机10对回转工作台20上的工件进行加工，同时对右边的交换装置40上的工作台面30进行装夹下一待加工工件；当回转工作台20上的工件加工完成后，将加工好的工件以及安装该工件的工作台面30转移至左边交换装置40中；回转工作台20的滑动结构22相对床身21移动直至与右边的交换装置40对齐；回转工作台20的夹紧油缸223带动导轨224相对上滑座222升起以准备承接工作台面30，此时定位油缸229处于回缩状态；与滑动结构22对齐的右边交换装置40通过第一驱动件44带动移动座43伸出，使工作台面30初步移出右边交换装置40。控制第二驱动件450，使链条453旋转，工作台面30被导向柱46带动移至回转工作台20的正上方。滑动结构22的定位油缸229升起，夹紧油缸223回缩，使工作台面30与滑动结构22定位并被夹紧；主机10对回转工作台20上的工件进行加工。同时拆卸左边的交换装置40上的工作台面30上的工件，并装夹下一待加工工件。重复上述步骤，即可实现机床主机10连续作 业，消除工件拆卸及装夹的停机等待时间。
本申请还涉及上述带交换工作台的铣镗床的使用方法，带交换工作台的铣镗床的使用方法具体包括以下步骤：
两工作台面30分别安装于两交换装置40上，在一工作台面30上装夹工件；
回转工作台20的滑动结构22相对床身21移动直至与安装工件的交换装置40对齐；
夹紧油缸223带动导轨224相对上滑座222升起以准备承接工作台面30，此时定位油缸229处于回缩状态；
与滑动结构22对齐的交换装置40的通过第一驱动件44以及第二驱动件450带动工作台面30以及工件伸出至滑动结构22正上方；
滑动结构22的定位油缸229升起，夹紧油缸223回缩，使工作台面30与滑动结构22定位并被夹紧；
主机10对回转工作台20上的工件进行加工，同时对另一工作台面30进行装夹工件；
当回转工作台20上的工件加工完成后，将加工好的工件以及安装该工件的工作台面30转移至空的交换装置40中；
将另一交换装置40上的工作台面30以及装夹好的工件转移至回转工作台20，主机10对工件进行加工实现连续作业，同时拆卸加工好的工件并安装下一待加工工件。
本发明带交换工作台的机床能消除工件拆卸及装夹时机床主机10的停机等待时间，实现机床主轴的连续式工作，大幅提升铣镗床主机10的利用率。
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进演变，都是依据本发明实质技术对以上实施例做的等同修饰与演变，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种带交换工作台的铣镗床，包括主机以及回转工作台，所述回转工作台位于所述主机一侧，其特征在于：所述回转工作台包括床身以及滑动结构，所述滑动结构能够沿所述床身移动，所述带交换工作台的铣镗床还包括两交换装置以及两工作台面，两所述交换装置位于所述回转工作台一侧并沿所述滑动结构的滑动方向设置，每一所述交换装置包括支架、滑动安装于所述支架的移动座以及安装于所述移动座的拉动结构，所述滑动结构沿所述床身移动直至与所述交换装置对齐，所述移动座能够相对所述支架往复移动使所述拉动结构伸出或复位以便于所述回转工作台上的工作台面移动至所述交换装置或所述交换装置上的工作台面移动至所述回转工作台。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述工作台面包括挂钩，所述交换装置还包括导向柱，所述导向柱安装于所述拉动结构，所述拉动结构带动所述导向柱进入所述挂钩或脱离所述挂钩。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述拉动结构包括第一链轮、第二链轮以及链条，所述第一链轮与所述第二链轮转动安装于所述移动座，所述链条套设于所述第一链轮与所述第二链轮之间，所述导向柱固定于所述链条。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述交换装置还包括位置检测装置，所述位置检测装置包括限位开关以及碰块，所述限位开关以及所述碰块分别安装于所述移动座以及所述链条，所述碰块与所述限位开关碰撞以检测所述工作台面的位置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述滑动结构包括上滑座、导轨以及夹紧油缸，所述导轨用于安装所述工作台面，所述导轨通过所述夹紧油缸安装于所述上滑座，所述夹紧油缸带动所述导轨相对所述上滑座上下移动，以便于所述工作台面相对所述回转工作台升降。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述滑动结构还包括定位油缸，所述定位油缸安装于所述上滑座，所述定位油缸能够与所述工作台面配合使所述上滑座与所述工作台面定位。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述滑动结构还包括下滑座、芯轴、圆光栅尺以及回转驱动件，所述上滑座通过所述芯轴转动安装于所述下滑座，所述回转驱动件带动所述上滑座相对所述下滑座转动，所述圆光栅尺使所述上滑座定位。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述交换装置还包括导向结构，所述导向结构包括滑轨以及若干导向轮，所述滑轨安装于所述支架，若干所述导向轮转动安装于所述滑轨内部并凸出于所述滑轨表面，所述导向轮位于所述滑轨上表面及侧表面，所述导向轮使所述工作台面与所述滑轨之间形成滚动摩擦。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床，其特征在于：所述导向结构还包括防倾覆滚轮，所述防倾覆滚轮转动安装于所述滑轨内部并从所述滑轨伸出，所述防倾覆滚轮位于所述滑轨内侧，所述防倾覆滚轮与所述工作台面底部接触，防止所述工作台面在所述交换装置内倾覆或翻转。
  10. 一种基于权利要求1-9任意一项所述的带交换工作台的铣镗床的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    两工作台面分别安装于两交换装置上，在一工作台面上装夹工件；
    回转工作台的滑动结构相对床身移动直至与安装工件的交换装置对齐；
    夹紧油缸带动导轨相对上滑座升起以准备承接工作台面，此时定位油缸处于回缩状态；
    与滑动结构对齐的交换装置通过第一驱动件以及第二驱动件带动工作台面以及工件伸出至滑动结构正上方；
    滑动结构的定位油缸升起，夹紧油缸回缩，使工作台面与滑动结构定位并被夹紧；
    主机对回转工作台上的工件进行加工，同时对另一工作台面进行装夹工件；
    当回转工作台上的工件加工完成后，将加工好的工件以及安装该工件的工作台面转移至交换装置中；
    将另一交换装置上的工作台面以及装夹好的工件转移至回转工作台，主机对工件进行加工实现连续作业，同时拆卸加工好的工件并安装下一待加工工件。
PCT/CN2022/128519 2022-03-24 2022-10-31 一种带交换工作台的铣镗床以及其使用方法 WO2023179022A1 (zh)

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