WO2023178935A1 - 机动或非机动车库及建筑物 - Google Patents

机动或非机动车库及建筑物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023178935A1
WO2023178935A1 PCT/CN2022/117917 CN2022117917W WO2023178935A1 WO 2023178935 A1 WO2023178935 A1 WO 2023178935A1 CN 2022117917 W CN2022117917 W CN 2022117917W WO 2023178935 A1 WO2023178935 A1 WO 2023178935A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motorized
wall
beams
support
horizontal
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PCT/CN2022/117917
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘星东
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刘星东
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Application filed by 刘星东 filed Critical 刘星东
Publication of WO2023178935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023178935A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/02—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/08—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for receiving utility lines, e.g. cables, pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a motorized or non-motorized garage and building
  • LOFT garages and duplex garages can be used as underground garage buildings. They have high utilization rate, energy saving, environmental protection and good user experience, so they are widely welcomed by the market. Among them, the permeable area connected by multiple layers is the focus of this type of underground garage technology, which makes this type of underground garage have a very strong sense of space.
  • the middle layer plate that can be used for parking is in a discontinuous state, which leads to discontinuity in the mechanical transmission of the middle layer plate where the permeable area is located, which in turn leads to the failure of important components of the entire underground garage building.
  • the mechanical distribution will change greatly, and the material consumption of important components of each building will also change greatly.
  • the present disclosure provides a motorized or non-motorized garage and building.
  • a motorized or non-motorized garage which includes:
  • a lower deck formed as the bottom of the motorized or non-motorized garage, wherein the lower deck is provided with lower parking spaces;
  • the middle-level board is provided between the upper-level board and the lower-level board, wherein the middle-level board is provided with a mid-level parking space;
  • Enclosing wall the enclosing wall at least partially surrounds the middle layer board and is provided between the upper layer board and the lower layer board; wherein a permeable area is formed between the middle layer board and the surrounding wall, and/or the middle layer
  • the plate is formed with a permeable area
  • the sleeping beam is at least partially disposed on the side wall of the enclosure wall and/or the waist between the upper and lower floors.
  • the number of the sleeping beams is set to one or more in the vertical direction.
  • a motorized or non-motorized garage according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • the projection of the sleeping beam on the surrounding wall and the projection of the hollow area on the surrounding wall can at least partially overlap.
  • the sleeping beam is arranged in a horizontal shape or a substantially horizontal shape, and is parallel to the middle floor plate.
  • At least some of the sleeping beams are provided on the inner and/or outer walls of the enclosure wall; and/or, at least some of the sleeping beams Some of the sleeping beams are arranged inside the wall of the enclosure wall, and part are arranged outside the wall of the enclosure wall; and/or, at least part of the sleeping beams are arranged inside the wall of the enclosure wall.
  • the sleeping beams are transverse sleeping beams and/or inclined sleeping beams.
  • the lower surface of the sleeping beam is lower than the lower surface of the middle layer board.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage further includes a first direction beam and/or a second direction beam, the first direction beam and the second direction beam are arranged along the horizontal direction of the middle floor plate, so The first direction beam and the second direction beam have different directions.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a support beam, at least part of the support beam is connected to the sleeping beam, and the support beam penetrates at least one of the permeable areas.
  • the support beam at least includes a first support beam that penetrates the permeable area between the mid-layer board and the surrounding wall, wherein, One end of the first support beam is connected to one end of the horizontal beam, one end of the other first support beam is connected to the other end of the horizontal beam, and the other end of the first support beam is connected to the first One end of the direction beam or the second direction beam, and the other end of the other first support beam is connected to one end of the other first direction beam or the other second direction beam.
  • the support beams include at least a second support beam, and the second support beam penetrates the permeable area formed by the middle part of the middle layer board, wherein, One end of the second support beam is connected to the first direction beam or the second direction beam on one side of the hollow area in the middle of the middle layer panel, and the other end of the second support beam is connected to Another first direction beam or another second direction beam on the other side of the hollow area in the middle part of the mid-layer board.
  • the sleeping beam, the first support beam and/or the second support beam, at least part of the first direction beam and/or at least part of the The second direction beams are connected such that the horizontal beam, the first support beam and/or the second support beam, at least part of the first direction beam and/or at least part of the second direction beam A structure is formed that runs through the middle layer board.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage further includes: vertical wall columns, the vertical wall columns are provided on the side walls of the enclosure wall, and one end of the first support beam is connected to the vertical wall column. Towards the pilasters.
  • the first support beam and/or the second support beam may not be provided in the hollow area.
  • a building which includes the above-mentioned motorized or non-motorized garage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • cross-hatching and/or shading in drawings is often used to make boundaries between adjacent parts clear.
  • the presence or absence of cross-hatching or shading does not convey or indicate any knowledge of the specific materials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalities between the components shown and/or any other characteristics of the components, Any preferences or requirements for attributes, properties, etc.
  • the size and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. While example embodiments may be implemented differently, a specific process sequence may be performed in a different order than that described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially concurrently or in the reverse order of that described.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components.
  • an element When an element is referred to as being “on,” “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly connected to the other element. Either directly coupled to said other component, or intervening components may be present. However, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element, there are no intervening elements present.
  • the term “connected” may refer to a physical connection, an electrical connection, etc., with or without intervening components.
  • spatially relative terms such as “on”, “higher” and “side (e.g., as in “sidewall”), are used to describe one component in relation to another (other) component as illustrated in the figures Relationship.
  • spatially relative terms are intended to encompass various orientations of the device in use, operation, and/or manufacture. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features.
  • the exemplary term “below” may encompass both orientations “above” and “below.”
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 of the present disclosure may include an upper floor plate 110 , a lower floor plate 120 , at least one middle floor plate 130 , a support column 140 , a wall 150 , a first direction beam 180 , a second direction beam 180 .
  • the upper layer board 110 and the lower layer board 120 are spaced apart by a preset distance.
  • the preset distance can be determined according to the number of the middle layer board 130. For example, when the middle layer board 130 is one layer, the distance between the upper layer board 110 and the lower layer board 120 is The distance may be 5-6m; correspondingly, when the middle layer board 130 is two layers, that is to say, there is a distance of about 2-3m between the two middle layer boards 130.
  • the upper layer board 110 and the lower layer board 120 The distance between them can be set to 7-9m.
  • the upper floor slab 110 is formed as the top of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100.
  • the upper floor slab 110 can be formed by using a beamless floor slab or a beamed floor slab.
  • a covering soil layer may be provided above the upper floor plate 110; when the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 is formed as an above-ground parking garage, the upper floor plate 110 is formed as a motorized or non-motorized garage 100. the top part of. More preferably, the upper plate 110 may be provided with structures such as lighting ventilation holes, and the lighting ventilation holes may be formed above the transparent area 170 , for example, directly above or diagonally above the transparent area 170 .
  • the lower deck 120 forms the bottom of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 .
  • the lower floor plate 120 includes: at least one bottom driving lane, which is used for vehicle traffic, and a bottom parking space, which is provided on at least one side of the bottom driving lane, so that vehicles can be parked in the bottom parking space. .
  • the lower floor slab 120 can be formed by pouring concrete, and the bottom parking spaces and bottom driving lanes can be formed on the lower floor slab 120 according to actual projects.
  • the middle layer board 130 is provided between the upper layer board 110 and the lower layer board 120 .
  • at least one middle floor plate 130 may be provided in the vertical direction.
  • the number of the middle floor plate 130 is one, a motor or non-motor vehicle garage 100 with two parking levels is formed.
  • the number of mid-level panels 130 is two, a motor or non-motor vehicle garage 100 with three parking levels is formed.
  • the number of middle-layer boards 130 can also be set to three, four, five, etc.
  • the number of the middle layer boards 130 of the present disclosure is two or more, these middle layer boards 130 are arranged in a state arranged along the height direction.
  • Each middle floor panel 130 includes: at least one middle driving lane, which is used for vehicle traffic, and a middle parking space, which is provided on at least one side of the middle driving lane. At this time, vehicles can also be parked in the middle parking space. .
  • these middle-layer boards 130 can be arranged in parallel; for example, these middle-layer boards 130 are all arranged in a certain horizontal plane; more preferably, the middle-layer boards 130 can be arranged in parallel with the upper-layer boards.
  • 110 is parallel to the lower plate 120, that is, the upper plate 110, the lower plate 120 and the middle plate 130 are all arranged in a certain horizontal plane.
  • middle board 130, the upper board 110 and the lower board 120 may not be arranged parallel to each other, and those skilled in the art can selectively set them according to the specific conditions of the project.
  • the distance between the middle plate 130 and the lower plate 120 is the same as the distance between the middle plate 130 and the upper plate 110 or the difference is within a preset range, so that the two parking The layers have approximately the same height.
  • the distance between the middle layer board 130 and the lower layer board 120 , the distance between two adjacent middle layer boards 130 , and the distance between the middle layer board 130 and the upper layer board 110 The distance between them is the same or approximately the same (that is, the difference is within a preset range), so that these parking floors have approximately the same floor height.
  • the middle deck 130 When the number of the middle deck 130 is one, the middle deck 130 is connected to the lower deck 120 through the connecting lane, and the vehicle moves from the lower deck 120 to the middle deck 130 and/or moves from the middle deck 130 to the lower deck 120 through the connecting lane.
  • the middle layer panel 130 communicates with the lower layer panel 120 through a vehicle conveying device (not shown in the figure), and the vehicle moves from the lower layer panel 120 to the middle layer panel 130 and/or the middle layer panel 130 to the lower layer panel 120 through the vehicle conveying device.
  • mid-rise panels 130 when the number of mid-rise panels 130 is more than two, adjacent mid-rise panels 130 are connected by connecting lanes, so that vehicles can move from the upper mid-rise panels 130 to the lower mid-rise panels 130 and/or from the lower mid-rise panels through the connecting lanes.
  • the board 130 moves to the upper middle board 130, and the lowermost middle board 130 is connected to the lower board 120 through the connecting lane, so that the vehicle moves from the lowermost middle board 130 to the lower board 120 and/or from the lower board 120 to the lower board through the connecting lane.
  • Mid-layer board 130 when the number of mid-rise panels 130 is more than two, adjacent mid-rise panels 130 are connected by connecting lanes, so that vehicles can move from the upper mid-rise panels 130 to the lower mid-rise panels 130 and/or from the lower mid-rise panels through the connecting lanes.
  • the board 130 moves to the upper middle board 130, and the lowermost middle board 130 is connected to the lower board 120 through the connecting lane, so that the vehicle moves from the lowermost middle board 130 to
  • the horizontal beam 190 is at least partially disposed on the side wall of the enclosure 150 and/or at the waist between the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 , and the horizontal beam 190 can be connected to the wall column 200 . That is, in order to increase the overall stability of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100, horizontal beams 190 can be provided to reduce the peak bending moment of the surrounding wall 150, or to improve the mechanical properties of the building frame.
  • the two ends of the horizontal beam 190 can be connected to the wall pillars 200 on both sides respectively, so that the horizontal beam 190, the wall pillars 200 and the wall pillars 200 are connected to other motorized or non-motorized garage 100 structural components to form a solid structure. The whole to resist the pressure or thrust of the earth.
  • the number of horizontal beams 190 may be one or more, and the number may be in the vertical direction or in other directions at a certain angle with the vertical direction. According to the specific influence of the actual regional environment where the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 is located, the number of sleeping beams 190 and the density of the sleeping beams 190 can be selected. For example, when the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 is used as an underground parking garage, the earth pressure in one direction Or when the thrust force is large, multiple horizontal beams 190 can be selected to be placed on the side walls of the wall 150. When the earth pressure or thrust in other directions is small, one horizontal beam 190 can be selected. Of course, if according to the design, the fence 150 can fully cope with the earth pressure or thrust, the horizontal beam 190 may not be provided.
  • the horizontal beams 190 are disposed on the inner wall and/or the outer wall of the enclosure 150; and/or, at least some of the horizontal beams 190 are disposed within the wall of the enclosure 150, Part of the beams 190 is disposed outside the wall of the surrounding wall 150; and/or at least part of the sleeping beams 190 is disposed within the wall of the surrounding wall 150.
  • This is related to the overall arrangement form of the sleeping beam 190 and the surrounding wall 150.
  • the design and construction of the frame structure can be directly carried out first.
  • the sleeping beam 190 can be combined with other The beams and columns are poured together and tied together or poured separately and then combined.
  • the fence 150 can be designed and constructed according to the actual position. At this time, the fence 150 will be different from the horizontal wall according to the specific thickness and the designed construction position.
  • the beam 190 has different positional relationships. For example, the sleeping beam 190 is located outside or inside the enclosure wall 150 , or the sleeping beam 190 is located inside the wall of the enclosure 150 , or the sleeping beam 190 is partially inside the wall of the enclosure 150 . Other parts of the beam 190 are on the inside or outside of the fence 150, etc. Different settings of the positional relationship between the above-mentioned sleeping beam 190 and the surrounding wall 150 can also make the overall resistance capabilities of the sleeping beam 190 and the surrounding wall 150 different.
  • the lying beam 190 may be a transverse lying beam and/or an oblique lying beam.
  • the overall resistance requirements of part of the enclosure wall 150 can be achieved by using inclined horizontal beams, only one or more inclined horizontal beams can be provided instead of more horizontal horizontal beams.
  • the setting of separate inclined horizontal beams meets the resistance requirements, it can obviously save design, construction and cost.
  • the horizontal horizontal beams are arranged along the horizontal direction, that is, the entire horizontal horizontal beams are located in a certain horizontal plane or a certain approximate horizontal plane, and can penetrate the fence 150 or be arranged around the fence 150 .
  • the projection of the sleeping beam 190 on the surrounding wall 150 and the projection of the permeable area 170 on the surrounding wall 150 can at least partially overlap. This has a greater relationship with the arrangement of the horizontal beam.
  • the horizontal beam 190 when one end of the horizontal beam 190 is connected to a support beam that is at the same level or approximately the same level as the permeable area 170 of the middle layer panel 130 , and the other end of the horizontal beam 190
  • the horizontal beam 190 and the hollow area 170 are The projection of the supporting beam connection on the surrounding wall 150 coincides with the projection of the hollow area 170 on the surrounding wall 150 , while the projection of other parts of the horizontal beam 190 on the surrounding wall 150 does not coincide with the projection of the transparent area 170 on the surrounding wall 150 .
  • the horizontal beam 190 can also be configured as a transverse horizontal beam, and its two ends are respectively connected to different supporting beams that are at the same level or approximately the same level as the permeable area 170 of the middle layer panel 130.
  • the horizontal beam 190 and the permeable area 170 are connected to different support beams.
  • the projection of the area 170 on the fence 150 coincides.
  • the specific position of the sleeping beam 190 can also be specifically designed and constructed according to the pressure or thrust exerted by the earthwork or other media that the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 specifically bears.
  • the sleeping beam 190 can be arranged on the upper floor plate 110, the lower floor plate 120, Between each plate of the middle layer board 130, at this time, a horizontal beam 190 can be provided to connect with the wall pillar 200, and the wall pillar 200 and the support beam at the same level or approximately the same level as the permeable area 170 of the middle layer board 130 (such as the first support beam), and the connection points of the horizontal beam 190 and the wall column 200 and the connection points of the wall column 200 and the support beam (such as the first support beam) may not be at the same point or at the same point.
  • the horizontal beam 190 and the middle layer plate 130 can also have various positional relationships.
  • the horizontal beam 190 can be arranged in a horizontal shape or a substantially horizontal shape, and is parallel to the middle layer plate 130; for example, a horizontal shape can also be provided.
  • the beam 190 and the middle layer plate 130 are at the same level or approximately the same level; for another example, according to the different sizes of the horizontal beam 190 and the middle layer plate 130, the lower surface of the horizontal beam 190 can also be set lower than the lower surface of the middle layer plate 130; for another example , when the lower surface of the horizontal beam 190 is lower than the lower surface of the middle layer plate 130 , the horizontal beam 190 and the middle layer plate 130 can be arranged at the same level or substantially the same level.
  • the structural form of the horizontal beam 190 can adopt a variety of forms, for example, it can be a cylindrical shape, a four-sided column, a polygonal column, and/or a special shape, etc., and the cross section and/or the longitudinal section of the horizontal beam 190 Correspondingly, it can be circular, rectangular, trapezoidal and/or special-shaped, etc.
  • the wall columns 200 may be in the form of vertical wall columns and/or diagonal wall columns in the frame position of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 .
  • the wall columns 200 may be in the form of vertical wall columns and/or diagonal wall columns in the frame position of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 .
  • the structural form of the wall pillar 200 can adopt a variety of forms, for example, it can be a cylindrical shape, a four-sided pillar shape, a polygonal pillar shape, and/or a special shape, etc., and the cross section and/or the longitudinal section of the wall pillar 200 can be correspondingly Circle, rectangle, trapezoid and/or special shape, etc.
  • the wall pillar 200 is disposed on the side wall of the enclosure 150 and between the upper floor board 110 and the lower floor board 120 .
  • one end of the wall pillar 200 can be connected to the lower floor board 120
  • the other end of the wall pillar 200 can be connected to the upper floor board 110 .
  • the pilasters 200 themselves can be used to strengthen the enclosure wall 150, and can also separate the horizontal spans of the enclosure wall 150 to reduce the peak bending moment of the enclosure wall 150.
  • the number of wall columns 200 may be one or more. Depending on the specific influence of the regional environment where the actual motorized or non-motorized garage 100 is located, different numbers of pilasters and densities of pilasters can be selected. Of course, if according to the design, the fence 150 can fully cope with the earth pressure or thrust, the pilasters 200 may not be provided.
  • At least some of the wall columns 200 are disposed on the inner wall and/or the outer wall of the enclosure 150; and/or, at least some of the wall columns 200 are partially disposed inside the enclosure 150 and partially disposed on the enclosure wall 150. outside the enclosure wall 150; and/or, at least part of the wall columns 200 is disposed inside the enclosure wall 150. This is related to the overall arrangement of the pilasters 200 and the fence 150 .
  • the support column 140 is provided between the lower board 120 and the upper board 110 for supporting the upper board 110 and the middle board 130 .
  • the support pillars 140 can be arranged in sections.
  • the support pillars 140 can be arranged between the lower layer board 120 and the middle layer board 130 to support the middle layer board 130; accordingly, the support pillars 140 can also be arranged between the middle layer board 130 and the middle layer board 130. 130 and the upper plate 110 to support the upper plate 110.
  • the support columns 140 at different heights can be arranged on the same vertical straight line, so that force can be directly transmitted between the support columns 140 .
  • the support column 140 can be a reinforced concrete column, and the upper floor plate 110 , the lower floor plate 120 , the middle floor plate 130 and the support column 140 can be integrally formed by a layered casting method.
  • the enclosure wall 150 is disposed between the upper floor plate 110 and the lower floor plate 120 and at least partially surrounds the middle floor plate 130 . That is to say, when the enclosure wall 150 is formed into an annular structure, the enclosure wall 150 can be enclosed together with the upper floor plate 110 and the lower floor plate 120 . An enclosed space, or when the enclosure wall 150 has an opening, the enclosure wall 150 can be enclosed together with the upper floor plate 110 and the lower floor plate 120 to form a space with an opening, wherein vehicles can enter the motorized or non-motorized garage from the outside through the opening.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 may also include an entry and exit lane, which is directly or indirectly connected to the lower floor plate 120 or the middle floor plate 130 so that vehicles can enter the motorized or non-motorized garage through the entry and exit lane.
  • a permeable area 170 is formed between the middle board 130 and the surrounding wall 150 , and/or a permeable area 170 is formed in the middle of the middle board 130 .
  • the number of transparent areas 170 may be one or multiple.
  • the projection of the transparent area 170 is rectangular, circular, elliptical, arcuate, triangular, T/shaped, L-shaped, multiple rectangles and/or special shapes.
  • the permeable area 170 adopts a special-shaped form similar to the English capital letter "L" according to the requirements of the usage design, its projection on the horizontal plane will be a special-shaped structure.
  • the projected plane is not limited to various geometric planes such as the horizontal plane and the vertical plane.
  • the projected plane can also be projected onto the component planes of the building such as the upper floor plate 110, the lower floor plate 120, the middle floor plate 130, the surrounding wall 150, etc. Way.
  • a first direction beam 180 and/or a second direction beam 210 are also included.
  • the first direction beam 180 and the second direction beam 210 are arranged along the horizontal direction of the upper floor plate 110 and/or the lower floor plate 120 and/or the middle floor plate 130 , the first direction beam 180 and the second direction beam 210 have different directions.
  • at least part of the support beam is connected to the support column 140, the wall column 200, the second direction beam 210 and/or the horizontal beam 190, and penetrates at least one of the permeable areas 170, so that through the arrangement of the support beam, Both sides of the hollow area 170 can transmit forces.
  • the support beam penetrates the permeable area 170 along the width direction and/or the length direction of the permeable area 170 .
  • the support beams can be higher or lower than the middle plate 130 .
  • the upper surface of the support beam can be higher than or lower than the lower surface of the middle plate 130 .
  • the upper surface of the support beam can also be in contact with the middle plate 130 .
  • the lower surface is flush.
  • the upper surface of the support beam can be higher than the upper surface of the middle layer plate 130.
  • the upper surface of the support beam can also be flush with the upper surface of the middle layer plate 130.
  • the support beams at least include first support beams 161 , which penetrate the hollow area 170 between the mid-level board 130 and the surrounding wall 150 .
  • One end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the middle and/or horizontal part of the wall column 200 .
  • One end of the beam 190, and the wall column 200 is connected to the horizontal beam 190, and the other end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the support column 140 and/or the first direction beam 180 and/or the second direction beam 210, so that with Force can be transmitted between the surrounding wall 150 and the middle layer board 130 where the horizontal beam 190 and the wall column 200 are in contact.
  • one end of another first support beam 161 can also be connected to the middle part of another wall column 200 and/or the other end of the horizontal beam 190, and the other wall column 200 is connected to the horizontal beam 190, and the other wall column 200 is connected to the horizontal beam 190.
  • the other end of a first support beam 161 is connected to another support column 140 and/or another first direction beam 180 and/or another second direction beam 210.
  • the horizontal beam 190 is connected to the wall column 200 respectively.
  • another wall column 200 is connected, thereby making the force transmission effect between the surrounding wall 150 and the middle layer board 130 in contact with the horizontal beam 190 and the wall column 200 more effective, and also making the structural characteristics of the structural frame more stable.
  • multiple first support beams 161 are provided along the length and/or width direction of the permeable area 170 between the middle plate 130 and the enclosure wall 150 , so as to improve the stability of the enclosure wall 150 through the arrangement of multiple first support beams 161 . stability.
  • the support beams at least include second support beams 162 .
  • the second support beams 162 penetrate through the hollow area 170 formed in the middle part of the middle layer plate 130 .
  • One end of the second support beam 162 is connected to the middle part of the middle layer plate 130 .
  • the support column 140 and/or the first direction beam 180 and/or the second direction beam 210 on one side of the permeable area 170, and the other end of the second support beam 162 is connected to the other end of the permeable area 170 in the middle of the middle layer plate 130.
  • force can be transmitted between the middle plates 130 on both sides of the permeable area 170 .
  • a plurality of second support beams 162 are provided along the length and/or width direction of the hollow area 170 in the middle of the middle layer panel 130 so that the middle layer panel 130 is more stable through the arrangement of multiple second support beams 162 .
  • the first support beam 161 and the second support beam 162 are connected.
  • the first support beam 161 and the second support beam 162 may form a through beam, so that the first support beam 161 and the second support beam 162 are connected.
  • the support beam 162 forms a structure that penetrates the middle plate 130; as an implementation form, one end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the inner wall of the enclosure wall 150, and the other end of the first support beam 161 is connected to one end of the second support beam 162.
  • the other end of the second support beam 162 is connected to another enclosure wall 150 opposite to the enclosure wall 150 .
  • the through-beam can simultaneously support the two enclosure walls 150 through the through-beam.
  • the wall 150 provides a force to counteract this pressure, thereby making the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 of the present disclosure more stable.
  • the horizontal beam 190, the first support beam 161 and/or the second support beam 162, the first direction beam 180 and/or the second direction beam 210 are connected such that the horizontal beam 190, the second support beam 162, the first direction beam 180 and/or the second direction beam 210 are connected.
  • a support beam 161 and/or a second support beam 162, a first direction beam 180 and/or a second direction beam 210 form a structure that penetrates the middle layer panel 130.
  • the horizontal beam 190, the first support beam 161 and/or the second support beam 162, at least part of the first direction beam 180 and/or at least part of the second direction beam 210 are connected, Therefore, the horizontal beam 190 , the first support beam 161 and/or the second support beam 162 , at least part of the first direction beam 180 and/or at least part of the second direction beam 210 form a structure that penetrates the middle layer plate 130 .
  • one end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the horizontal beam 190, and the other end of the first support beam 161 is connected to one end of the second direction beam 210 on one side of the second support beam 162.
  • the other end of the second direction beam 210 on one side of 162 is connected to one end of the second support beam 162, and the other end of the second support beam 162 is connected to one end of the second direction beam 210 on the other side of the second support beam 162.
  • the second The other end of the second direction beam 210 on the other side of the support beam 162 is connected to another horizontal beam 190 opposite to the horizontal beam 190.
  • each horizontal beam 190 can be disposed inside the enclosure wall 150.
  • the through-beams composed of the horizontal beam 190 , the first support beam 161 , the second support beam 162 and the two second direction beams 210 can simultaneously provide pressure to the two walls 150 .
  • the wall 150 provides a force to counteract this pressure, thereby making the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure more stable.
  • the horizontal beam 190 and the supporting beam divide and support the height of the fence 150, and the calculated span of the fence 150 is divided into two or more spans, which can greatly reduce the peak bending moment of the fence 150.
  • the middle layer board 130 is supported by the first direction beam 180 and/or the second direction beam 210.
  • the lower part of the middle layer board 130 is supported by the first direction beam 180.
  • the first direction beam 180 is connected with the support column 140 . More preferably, the first direction beam 180 can be arranged along the length direction of the middle layer panel 130, or in other words, the first direction beam 180 can be arranged along the length direction of the permeable area.
  • the first directional beam 180 can be connected to the support column 140 and the second directional beam 210 to support the three-dimensional space of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 composed of the upper floor plate 110, the lower floor plate 120, and the middle floor plate 130. .
  • no support beams may be provided in the permeable area 170, including no first support beams 161 and/or second support beams 162.
  • the wall columns 200 and/or the horizontal beams 190 can be at least partially or completely eliminated.
  • the surrounding wall 150 adopts the method of thickening the outer wall; of course, on the other hand, all the permeable areas 170 are also can be passed through by supporting beams.
  • the portion of the middle layer panel 130 close to the permeable area 170 is provided with side beams, side panels or upturned beams to improve the strength of the middle layer panel 130. More preferably, the side beams, side panels or upturning beams are provided with railings so as to Prevent people from falling from the permeable area 170 and improve the safety of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100.
  • metal plates and/or metal grids and/or steel grids and/or iron grates are provided in the permeable area 170; and/or, A horizontal fireproof sealing device is provided in the empty area 170; and/or a vertical fireproof sealing device is enclosed near the periphery of the hollow area 170, so that when a fire occurs, by closing the horizontal fireproof sealing device and/or the vertical fireproof sealing device, The space above the permeable area 170 is disconnected or the space above the permeable area 170 is disconnected from the space above the middle layer plate 130, thereby effectively reducing the area of the fire protection zone and facilitating the planning of sprinkler pipes.
  • the horizontal fire-proof closing device of the present disclosure may include fire-proof closing structures such as horizontal rolling shutters, horizontal fire-proof panels, horizontal fire-resistant floor slabs, and horizontal movable covers.
  • the vertical fire-proof closing device may include vertical rolling shutters, vertical fire-proof boards, vertical fire-resistant Fireproof enclosed structures such as floor slabs, vertical movable covers, water curtains, etc.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 also includes transverse pipelines and/or vertical pipelines, where the transverse pipelines can be wind and smoke ducts and/or spray pipelines and/or cable trays, etc., and the transverse pipelines can be provided on the upper floor. 110, and is located at the upper part of the permeable area 170. Of course, it can also be provided at the middle plate 130, and is located at the lower part of the permeable area 170.
  • the vertical pipelines may also be wind and smoke ducts and/or sprinkler pipelines and/or cable trays, etc., wherein the vertical pipelines may pass through the permeable area 170 .
  • Air, smoke exhaust, water supply, power supply, etc. can be supplied to different parking floors through horizontal pipelines and/or vertical pipelines.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure can significantly improve the stress conditions of underground buildings.
  • the horizontal beams are integrally integrated with other building structural components of the motorized or non-motorized garage, thereby improving the ability of the permeable area to transmit force. , providing reliable intermediate support for the fence in the hollow area, greatly improving the stress condition of the fence.
  • the use of horizontal beams also makes the overall structural frame of the motorized or non-motorized garage stronger, thereby saving more building space on the basis of ensuring the stress requirements, so that the overall height of the motorized or non-motorized garage can be effectively reduced. , greatly reducing the cost.
  • a building which includes the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 described above.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

Abstract

一种机动或非机动车库(100)，其包括：上层板(110)，所述上层板(110)形成为所述机动或非机动车库(100)的顶部；下层板(120)，所述下层板(120)形成为所述机动或非机动车库(100)的底部，其中，所述下层板(120)设置有下层停车位；至少一个中层板(130)，所述中层板(130)设置于所述上层板(110)和下层板(120)之间，其中，所述中层板(130)设置有中层停车位；围墙(150)，所述围墙(150)至少部分地包围所述中层板(130)，并且设置于所述上层板(110)和下层板(120)之间；其中，所述中层板(130)与围墙(150)之间形成有透空区域，和/或，所述中层板(130)形成有透空区域；卧梁(190)，所述卧梁(190)至少部分设置于所述围墙(150)的侧壁和/或所述上层板(110)、下层板(120)之间的腰部，还提供一种建筑物。

Description

机动或非机动车库及建筑物 技术领域
本公开涉及一种机动或非机动车库及建筑物
背景技术
LOFT车库、复式车库能够作为地下车库建筑，其具有利用率高、节能环保以及良好的使用体验，从而广受市场欢迎。其中在多层连接的透空区域是该类地下车库技术的重点，从而使得此种类型的地下车库空间感非常强。
然而，由于透空区域的存在，使得能够用于停车的中层板处于不连续的状态，从而导致透空区域所在的中层板的力学传递出现断续，继而导致了整个地下车库建筑物重要构件的力学分布产生很大的变化，并且各建筑物重要构件的材料耗用也会发生很大变化。
实用新型内容
为了解决上述技术问题之一，本公开提供了一种机动或非机动车库及建筑物。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种机动或非机动车库，其包括：
上层板，所述上层板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的顶部；
下层板，所述下层板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的底部，其中，所述下层板设置有下层停车位；
至少一个中层板，所述中层板设置于所述上层板和下层板之间，其中，所述中层板设置有中层停车位；
围墙，所述围墙至少部分地包围所述中层板，并且设置于所述上层板和下层板之间；其中，所述中层板与围墙之间形成有透空区域，和/或，所述中层板形成有透空区域；
卧梁，所述卧梁至少部分设置于所述围墙的侧壁和/或所述上层板、下层板之间的腰部。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述卧梁的数量在竖直方向被设置为一个或多个。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，
所述卧梁在所述围墙上的投影与所述透空区域在所述围墙上的投影能够至少部分重合。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述卧梁设置为水平状或者大致水平状，并平行于所述中层板。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述卧梁中的至少部分卧梁设置于所述围墙内侧壁和/或外侧壁；和/或，所述卧梁中的至少部分卧梁部分设置于所述围墙的墙体内，部分设置于所述围墙的墙体外；和/或，所述卧梁中的至少部分卧梁设置于围墙的墙体内。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述卧梁为横向卧梁和/或斜向卧梁。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述卧梁的下表面低于所述中层板的下表面。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，还包括第一方向梁和/或第二方向梁，所述第一方向梁、第二方向梁沿所述中层板水平方向布置，所述第一方向梁、第二方向梁之间方向不同。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，还包括支持梁，所述支持梁的至少部分连接于所述卧梁，所述支持梁贯穿所述透空区域中的至少一个。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述支持梁至少包括第一支持梁，所述第一支持梁贯穿所述中层板与所述围墙之间的透空区域，其中，所述第一支持梁的一端连接于所述卧梁的一端，另一个所述第一支持梁的一端连接所述卧梁的另一端，所述第一支持梁的另一端连接所述第一方向梁或所述第二方向梁的一端，所述另一个所述第一支持梁的另一端连接另一个所述第一方向梁或另一个所述第二方向梁的一端。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述支持梁至少包括第二支持梁，所述第二支持梁贯穿所述中层板的中部所形成的所述透空区域，其中，所述第二支持梁的一端连接于所述中层板的中部的所述透空区域一侧的所述第一方向梁或所述第二方向梁，所述第二支持梁的另一端连接于所述中层板的中部的所述透空区域的另一侧的另一个所述第一方向梁或另一个所述第二方向梁。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述卧梁、 所述第一支持梁和/或所述第二支持梁、至少部分所述第一方向梁和/或至少部分所述第二方向梁相连接，以使得所述卧梁、所述第一支持梁和/或所述第二支持梁、至少部分所述第一方向梁和/或至少部分所述第二方向梁形成贯穿所述中层板的结构。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，还包括：竖向壁柱，所述竖向壁柱设置于所述围墙的侧壁，所述第一支持梁的一端连接所述竖向壁柱。
根据本公开的至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述透空区域也可以不设置所述第一支持梁和/或第二支持梁。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种建筑物，其包括上述的机动或非机动车库。
附图说明
附图示出了本公开的示例性实施方式，并与其说明一起用于解释本公开的原理，其中包括了这些附图以提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且附图包括在本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的结构示意图。
图2是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的剖视结构示意图。
图中附图标记具体为：
100 机动或非机动车库
110 上层板
120 下层板
130 中层板
140 支撑柱
150 围墙
161 第一支持梁
162 第二支持梁
170 透空区域
180 第一方向梁
190 卧梁
200 壁柱
210 第二方向梁。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本公开作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于解释相关内容，而非对本公开的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本公开相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开中的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施方式来详细说明本公开的技术方案。
除非另有说明，否则示出的示例性实施方式/实施例将被理解为提供可以在实践中实施本公开的技术构思的一些方式的各种细节的示例性特征。因此，除非另有说明，否则在不脱离本公开的技术构思的情况下，各种实施方式/实施例的特征可以另外地组合、分离、互换和/或重新布置。
在附图中使用交叉影线和/或阴影通常用于使相邻部件之间的边界变得清晰。如此，除非说明，否则交叉影线或阴影的存在与否均不传达或表示对部件的具体材料、材料性质、尺寸、比例、示出的部件之间的共性和/或部件的任何其它特性、属性、性质等的任何偏好或者要求。此外，在附图中，为了清楚和/或描述性的目的，可以夸大部件的尺寸和相对尺寸。当可以不同地实施示例性实施例时，可以以不同于所描述的顺序来执行具体的工艺顺序。例如，可以基本同时执行或者以与所描述的顺序相反的顺序执行两个连续描述的工艺。此外，同样的附图标记表示同样的部件。
当一个部件被称作“在”另一部件“上”或“之上”、“连接到”或“结合到”另一部件时，该部件可以直接在所述另一部件上、直接连接到或直接结合到所述另一部件，或者可以存在中间部件。然而，当部件被称作“直接在”另一部件“上”、“直接连接到”或“直接结合到”另一部件时，不存在中间部件。为此，术语“连接”可以指物理连接、电气连接等，并且具有或不具有中间部件。
为了描述性目的，本公开可使用诸如“在……之下”、“在……下方”、“在……下”、“下”、“在……上方”、“上”、“在……之上”、“较高的”和“侧(例如，如在“侧壁”中)”等的空间相对术语，从而来描述如附 图中示出的一个部件与另一(其它)部件的关系。除了附图中描绘的方位之外，空间相对术语还意图包含设备在使用、操作和/或制造中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的设备被翻转，则被描述为“在”其它部件或特征“下方”或“之下”的部件将随后被定位为“在”所述其它部件或特征“上方”。因此，示例性术语“在……下方”可以包含“上方”和“下方”两种方位。此外，设备可被另外定位(例如，旋转90度或者在其它方位处)，如此，相应地解释这里使用的空间相对描述语。
这里使用的术语是为了描述具体实施例的目的，而不意图是限制性的。如这里所使用的，除非上下文另外清楚地指出，否则单数形式“一个(种、者)”和“所述(该)”也意图包括复数形式。此外，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”以及它们的变型时，说明存在所陈述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、部件、组件和/或它们的组，但不排除存在或附加一个或更多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、部件、组件和/或它们的组。还要注意的是，如这里使用的，术语“基本上”、“大约”和其它类似的术语被用作近似术语而不用作程度术语，如此，它们被用来解释本领域普通技术人员将认识到的测量值、计算值和/或提供的值的固有偏差。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的结构示意图。图2是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的剖视结构示意图。
如图1和图2所示，本公开的机动或非机动车库100可以包括上层板110、下层板120、至少一个中层板130、支撑柱140、围墙150、第一方向梁180、第二方向梁210、壁柱200、卧梁190和支持梁等部件。
上层板110与下层板120之间间隔预设距离设置，该预设距离可以根据中层板130的数量而定，例如，当中层板130为一层时，上层板110和下层板120之间的距离可以为5-6m；相应地，当中层板130为两层时，也就是说，此时两个中层板130之间具有大约2-3m的距离，相应地，上层板110和下层板120之间的距离可以被设置为7-9m。
上层板110形成为机动或非机动车库100的顶部，本公开中，上层板110可以采用无梁楼板或者有梁楼板来形成。
当机动或非机动车库100形成为地下停车库时，上层板110的上方可以设置有覆土层；当机动或非机动车库100形成为地上停车库时，上层板110形成为机动或非机动车库100的最上部。更优选地，上层板110 上可以开设有采光通风孔等结构，采光通风孔可以形成在透空区域170的上方，例如形成在透空区域170的正上方或者斜上方。
下层板120形成为机动或非机动车库100的底部。本公开中，下层板120包括：至少一个底行驶车道，底行驶车道用于车辆通行，以及底停车位，底停车位设置于底行驶车道的至少一侧，以使得车辆可以停泊在底停车位。
本公开中，下层板120可以通过混凝土浇筑成型，并且底停车位以及底行驶车道等可以根据实际项目在下层板120施划而形成。
中层板130设置于上层板110和下层板120之间。本公开中，中层板130可以沿竖直方向被设置为至少一个，例如，当中层板130的数量为一个时，形成为具有两个停车层的机动或非机动车库100。当中层板130的数量为两个时，形成为具有三个停车层的机动或非机动车库100。当然，中层板130也可以设置为三个、四个、五个等数量。
也就是说，当本公开的中层板130的数量为两个以上时，这些中层板130设置为沿高度方向排布的状态。
每个中层板130包括：至少一个中间行驶车道，中间行驶车道用于车辆通行，以及中间停车位，中间停车位设置于中间行驶车道的至少一侧，此时，车辆也可以停泊在中间停车位。
本公开中，中层板130设置为至少两个时，这些中层板130之间可以平行设置；例如，这些中层板130均被设置在某一水平面内；更优选地，中层板130可以与上层板110和下层板120平行，即上层板110、下层板120和中层板130均被设置在某一水平面内。
当然，中层板130、上层板110和下层板120相互之间也可以不平行设置，本领域技术人员可以根据项目的具体情况而选择性地设置即可。
本公开中，当中层板130为一个时，中层板130与下层板120之间的距离与中层板130与上层板110之间距离相同或者差值在预设范围内，以使得这两个停车层具有大致相同的层高。
另一方面，当中层板130的数量为至少两个时，中层板130与下层板120之间的距离、两个相邻的中层板130之间的距离、以及中层板130与上层板110之间距离相同或者大致相同(即差值在预设范围内)，以使得这些个停车层具有大致相同的层高。
中层板130的数量为一个时，中层板130通过连接车道与下层板120连通，车辆通过连接车道从下层板120移动至中层板130和/或从中层板 130移动至下层板120。或者，中层板130通过车辆输送装置(图中未示出)与下层板120连通，车辆通过车辆输送装置从下层板120移动至中层板130和/或从中层板130移动至下层板120。
本公开中，中层板130的数量为两个以上时，相邻的中层板130之间通过连接车道连接，以便车辆通过连接车道从上中层板130移动至下中层板130和/或从下中层板130移动至上中层板130，并且最下中层板130通过连接车道与下层板120连通，以便车辆通过连接车道从最下中层板130移动至下层板120和/或从下层板120移动至最下中层板130。
本公开中，卧梁190至少部分设置于围墙150的侧壁和/或上层板110、下层板120之间的腰部，卧梁190可与壁柱200之间连接。即为了增加机动或非机动车库100整体的稳固性，能够设置卧梁190，减小围墙150的弯矩峰值，或者提升建筑物框架的力学性能。例如，可以设置卧梁190的两端分别与位于其两侧的壁柱200进行连接，从而使得卧梁190、壁柱200以及与壁柱200连接到其他机动或非机动车库100结构构件构成坚固的整体以抵抗土方的压力或推力。
本公开中，卧梁190的数量可以为一个或多个，该数量可以为在竖直方向的数量，也可以为与竖直方向成一定角度的其他方向的数量。根据实际机动或非机动车库100所在区域环境的具体影响，可以选择不同的卧梁190的数量和卧梁190的密度，如机动或非机动车库100作为地下停车库时，其中一个方向的土方压力或推力较大，此时即可以选择多个的卧梁190置于围墙150的侧壁，而对于其他方向的土方压力或推力较小时，可以选择一个卧梁190。当然，如果根据设计，围墙150完全能够应对土方压力或推力时，也可以不设置卧梁190。
本公开中，卧梁190中的至少部分卧梁190设置于围墙150内侧壁和/或外侧壁；和/或，卧梁190中的至少部分卧梁190部分设置于围墙150的墙体内，部分设置于围墙150的墙体外；和/或，卧梁190中的至少部分卧梁190设置于围墙150的墙体内。这与卧梁190与围墙150整体的设置形式有关，具体的，例如，在机动或非机动车库100设计施工时，可以直接先进行其框架结构的设计施工，此时，卧梁190能够与其他梁柱进行结合绑扎浇筑或者单独进行浇筑再结合，待框架施工完成后，可以根据实际的位置而再行设计施工围墙150，此时，围墙150根据具体厚度与设计施工位置的不同，而与卧梁190出现不同的位置关系，例如，卧梁190位于围墙150的外侧或内侧，或者，卧梁190位于 围墙150的墙体内部，或者，卧梁190部分在围墙150的墙体内部，该卧梁190的其他部分在围墙150的内侧或者外侧等。上述卧梁190与围墙150之间位置关系的不同设置也能够使得卧梁190与围墙150整体表现的抗力能力发生不同。
同时，卧梁190可以为横向卧梁和/或斜向卧梁。例如，根据计算，采用斜向卧梁可以实现部分围墙150的整体抗力要求时，可以仅设置一个或多个斜向卧梁，而不必设置更多个的横向卧梁。此时，由于单独斜向卧梁的设置满足了抗力要求，显然能够节省设计、施工以及造价。
本公开中，横向卧梁沿水平方向设置，即横向卧梁的整体位于某一水平面内或某一近似水平面内，并且可以贯穿围墙150，或者环绕围墙150设置。本公开中，卧梁190在围墙150上的投影与透空区域170在围墙150上的投影能够至少部分重合。这与卧梁的设置具有较大的关系，例如，当卧梁190的一端连接于与中层板130的透空区域170在同一水平面或者近似同一水平面的支持梁时，而卧梁190的另一端连接其他构件时，如果此时卧梁190从该一端向其他角度倾斜，为一斜向卧梁时，那么该卧梁190与该透空区域170在围墙150上的投影中，卧梁190与支持梁连接处在围墙150上的投影与透空区域170在围墙150上的投影重合，而卧梁190其他部分在围墙150上的投影与透空区域170在围墙150上的投影不重合。当然，卧梁190也可以设置为横向卧梁，并且其两端分别连接于与中层板130的透空区域170在同一水平面或者近似同一水平面的不同支持梁，此时，卧梁190与透空区域170在围墙150上的投影重合。
卧梁190具体的位置也可以根据机动或非机动车库100具体承受的土方或者其他介质所施加的压力或推力进行具体的设计与施工，如卧梁190可以设置在上层板110、下层板120、中层板130各板之间，此时，可以设置卧梁190与壁柱200连接，而壁柱200与与中层板130的透空区域170在同一水平面或者近似同一水平面的支持梁(如第一支持梁)连接，并且卧梁190、壁柱200的连接点与壁柱200、支持梁(如第一支持梁)的连接点可以不为同一点或者为同一点，这样的设置方式显然能够灵活地实现对机动或非机动车库100结构的加强。同时，卧梁190与中层板130之间也能够具有多种位置关系，如，卧梁190能够设置为水平状或者大致水平状，并平行于所述中层板130；又如，也能够设置 卧梁190与中层板130处于同一水平面或者大致相同的水平面；又如，根据卧梁190与中层板130的尺寸不同，也能够设置卧梁190的下表面低于中层板130的下表面；再如，当设置卧梁190的下表面低于中层板130的下表面时，能够设置卧梁190与中层板130处于同一水平面或者大致相同的水平面。
同时，本公开中，卧梁190的结构形式可以采用多种形式，例如，可以为圆柱形、四面柱形、多面柱形和/或异形等，而卧梁190的横截面和/或纵截面相应的可以为圆形、矩形、梯形和/或异形等。
本公开中，壁柱200在机动或非机动车库100的框架位置形式可以为竖向壁柱和/或斜向壁柱。例如，根据计算，采用斜向壁柱可以实现部分围墙的整体抗力要求时，可以仅设置一个斜向壁柱，而不必设置多个竖向壁柱。此时，显然能够节省设计、施工以及造价。
并且，壁柱200的结构形式可以采用多种形式，例如，可以为圆柱形、四面柱形、多面柱形和/或异形等，而壁柱200的横截面和/或纵截面相应的可以为圆形、矩形、梯形和/或异形等。
壁柱200设置于围墙150的侧壁，并设置于上层板110与下层板120之间，例如，可以设置壁柱200的一端连接下层板120，壁柱200的另一端连接上层板110。壁柱200本身能够用于加强围合墙150，还能分隔围合墙150水平跨度进而减少围合墙150的弯矩峰值。
本公开中，壁柱200的数量可以为一个或多个。根据实际机动或非机动车库100所在区域环境的具体影响，可以选择不同的壁柱数量和壁柱的密度。当然，如果根据设计，围墙150完全能够应对土方压力或推力时，也可以不设置壁柱200。
本公开中，壁柱200中的至少部分壁柱200设置于围墙150内侧壁和/或外侧壁；和/或，壁柱200中的至少部分壁柱200部分设置于围墙150内，部分设置于围墙150外；和/或，壁柱200中的至少部分壁柱200设置于围墙150内。这与壁柱200与围墙150整体的设置形式有关。
本公开中，支撑柱140设置于下层板120和上层板110之间，用于支撑上层板110和中层板130。作为一种实现形式，支撑柱140可以分段设置，例如，支撑柱140可以设置于下层板120和中层板130之间，以支撑中层板130；相应地，支撑柱140也可以设置在中层板130和上层板110之间，以支撑上层板110。
优选地，在不同高度处的支撑柱140可以设置在同一个竖直直线上，以使得支撑柱140之间能直接传递力。
作为一种实现形式，支撑柱140可以为钢筋混凝土柱，并且，上层板110、下层板120、中层板130以及支撑柱140可以通过分层浇注的方法一体成型。
围墙150设置于上层板110和下层板120之间，并且至少部分地包围中层板130，也就是说，当围墙150形成为环形结构时，围墙150可以与上层板110和下层板120共同围合成一封闭空间，或者，当围墙150具有开口时，围墙150可以与上层板110和下层板120共同围合成具有开口的空间，其中，车辆可以通过该开口从外部进入机动或非机动车库。
本公开中，机动或非机动车库100还可以包括进出车道，进出车道直接或者间接连接于下层板120或者中层板130，以便车辆通过该进出车道进入机动或非机动车库。
本公开中，中层板130与围墙150之间形成有透空区域170，和/或，中层板130的中部形成有透空区域170。本公开中，透空区域170可以设置为一个，也可以设置为多个。
透空区域170的投影为矩形、圆形、椭圆形、弧边形、三角形、T/型、L型、多个矩形和/或异形。例如，当透空区域170根据使用设计的需求，而采用类似于英文大写字母“L”的异形形式时，其在水平面上的投影则为异形结构。同样，投影的平面并不仅限定于水平面、竖直平面等多种几何平面，投影的平面也可以采用向上层板110、下层板120、中层板130、围墙150等建筑物的构件平面进行投影的方式。
本公开中，还包括第一方向梁180和/或第二方向梁210，第一方向梁180、第二方向梁210沿上层板110和/或下层板120和/或中层板130水平方向布置，第一方向梁180、第二方向梁210之间方向不同。本公开中，支持梁的至少部分连接于支撑柱140、壁柱200、第二方向梁210和/或卧梁190，并且贯穿透空区域170中的至少一个，以便通过支持梁的设置，使得透空区域170的两侧能够传递力。
本公开中，支持梁沿透空区域170的宽度方向和/或长度方向贯穿透空区域170。
本公开中，支持梁可以高于或者低于中层板130，例如，支持梁的上表面能够高于或者低于中层板130的下表面，当然，支持梁的上表面也能够与中层板130的下表面平齐。更优选地，支持梁的上表面能够高于 中层板130的上表面，当然，支持梁的上表面也可能够与中层板130的上表面平齐。
支持梁至少包括第一支持梁161，第一支持梁161贯穿中层板130与围墙150之间的透空区域170，其中，第一支持梁161的一端连接于壁柱200的中部和/或卧梁190的一端，并且该壁柱200与该卧梁190连接，第一支持梁161的另一端连接于支撑柱140和/或第一方向梁180和/或第二方向梁210，以使得与卧梁190、壁柱200接触的围墙150与中层板130之间能够进行力的传递。当然，也可以设置另一个第一支持梁161的一端连接于另一个壁柱200的中部和/或该卧梁190的另一端，并且该另一个壁柱200与该卧梁190连接，而另一个第一支持梁161的另一端连接于另一个支撑柱140和/或另一个第一方向梁180和/或另一个第二方向梁210，此时，该卧梁190分别与该壁柱200、另一个壁柱200连接，从而使得与卧梁190、壁柱200接触的围墙150与中层板130之间进行力的传递的效果更加，并且也使得结构框架的结构特性更加稳固。
优选地，第一支持梁161沿中层板130与围墙150之间的透空区域170的长度和/或宽度方向设置为多个，以通过多个第一支持梁161的设置，提高围墙150的稳定性。
另一方面，支持梁至少包括第二支持梁162，第二支持梁162贯穿中层板130的中部所形成的透空区域170，其中，第二支持梁162的一端连接于中层板130的中部的透空区域170一侧的支撑柱140和/或第一方向梁180和/或第二方向梁210，第二支持梁162的另一端连接于中层板130的中部的透空区域170的另一侧的另一个支撑柱140和/或另一个第一方向梁180和/或另一个第二方向梁210。由此，能够使得透空区域170两侧的中层板130之间能够进行力的传递。
第二支持梁162沿中层板130的中部的透空区域170的长度和/或宽度方向被设置为多个，以便通过多个第二支持梁162的设置，使得中层板130更稳定。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式，第一支持梁161和第二支持梁162相连接，例如，第一支持梁161和第二支持梁162可以形成贯穿梁，以使得第一支持梁161和第二支持梁162形成贯穿中层板130的结构；作为一种实现形式，第一支持梁161的一端连接于围墙150的内侧壁，第一支持梁161的另一端连接于第二支持梁162的一端，第二支持梁162的另一端连接于与围墙150相对设置的另一个围墙150，由此，当两个围 墙150均被围墙150外部的土方施加压力时，能够通过该贯穿梁同时向这两个围墙150提供抵消该压力的力，以此使得本公开的机动或非机动车库100能够更稳定。
根据本公开至少另一个实施方式，卧梁190、第一支持梁161和/或第二支持梁162、第一方向梁180和/或第二方向梁210相连接，以使得卧梁190、第一支持梁161和/或第二支持梁162、第一方向梁180和/或第二方向梁210形成贯穿中层板130的结构。
根据本公开至少另一个实施方式，进一步的，卧梁190、第一支持梁161和/或第二支持梁162、至少部分第一方向梁180和/或至少部分第二方向梁210相连接，以使得卧梁190、第一支持梁161和/或第二支持梁162、至少部分第一方向梁180和/或至少部分第二方向梁210形成贯穿中层板130的结构。
作为另一种具体形式，第一支持梁161的一端连接于卧梁190，第一支持梁161的另一端连接于第二支持梁162一侧的第二方向梁210的一端，第二支持梁162一侧的第二方向梁210的另一端连接于第二支持梁162的一端，第二支持梁162的另一端连接第二支持梁162另一侧的第二方向梁210的一端，第二支持梁162另一侧的第二方向梁210的另一端连接于与卧梁190相对设置的另一个卧梁190，同时，每个卧梁190均可以设置于围墙150内侧，由此，同样，当两个围墙150均被围墙150外部的土方施加压力时，能够通过卧梁190、第一支持梁161、第二支持梁162以及两个第二方向梁210构成的贯穿梁同时向这两个围墙150提供抵消该压力的力，以此使得本公开的机动或非机动车库能够更稳定。
本公开中，卧梁190和支持梁，对围墙150高度进行分割和支撑，将围墙150通高的计算跨度分割成两跨或多跨，能够大幅度减小围墙150的弯矩峰值。
本公开中，为提高中层板130的稳定性，中层板130通过第一方向梁180和/或第二方向梁210所支撑，优选地，中层板130的下部通过第一方向梁180所支撑，其中，第一方向梁180与支撑柱140相连接。更优选地，第一方向梁180可以沿中层板130的长度方向设置，或者说，第一方向梁180沿透空区域的长度方向设置。另外，本公开中，第一方向梁180能够与支撑柱140、第二方向梁210连接，以实现对上层板110、下层板120、中层板130构成的机动或非机动车库100立体空间的支撑。
本公开中，透空区域170内也可以不设置支持梁，包括不设置第一 支持梁161和/或第二支持梁162。当考虑不设置支持梁时，可以考虑采用竖向壁柱、斜向壁柱、横向卧梁和/或斜向卧梁，或者，采用加厚外墙的方式来补强围墙150，从而提高机动或非机动车库100的稳定性，当然根据设计施工需要，壁柱200和/或卧梁190可以至少部分或者全部取消。例如，当透空区域170为两个以上时，至少一个透空区域170未被支持梁穿过，而围墙150采用加厚外墙的方式；当然，另外一方面，所有的透空区域170也均可以被支持梁所穿过。
中层板130接近透空区域170的部分设置有边梁、边板或者上翻梁，以提高中层板130的强度，更优选地，边梁、边板或者上翻梁设置有栏杆，以此能够防止人员从透空区域170掉落，提高机动或非机动车库100的安全性。
在本公开的一个可选实施例中，透空区域170内设置有金属板和/或金属格网和/或钢格栅和/或铁篦子(图中未示出)；和/或，透空区域170内设置有横向防火封闭装置；和/或，透空区域170周边附近围合竖向防火封闭装置，以当火灾发生时，通过关闭横向防火封闭装置和/或竖向防火封闭装置，使得透空区域170的上方空间不连通或者透空区域170的上方与中层板130上方空间不连通，从而能够有效地降低防火分区的面积，方便规划喷淋管道。
本公开的横向防火封闭装置可以包括横向卷帘、横向防火板、横向耐火楼板、横向活动盖板等防火封闭结构，竖向防火封闭装置可以包括竖向卷帘、竖向防火板、竖向耐火楼板、竖向活动盖板、水幕等防火封闭结构。
本公开中，机动或非机动车库100还包括横向管线和/或竖向管线，其中，横向管线可以为风烟管道和/或喷淋管线和/或电缆桥架等，横向管线可以设置于上层板110，并位于透空区域170的上部，当然，也可以设置于中层板130，并位于透空区域170的下部。
竖向管线也可以为风烟管道和/或喷淋管线和/或电缆桥架等，其中，竖向管线可以穿过透空区域170。
通过横向管线和/或竖向管线即可以向不同的停车层供风、排烟、供水、供电等。
本公开的机动或非机动车库能够显著改善地下建筑的受力工况，通过卧梁的设置，使得卧梁与机动或非机动车库其他建筑结构构件整体结合，从而完善透空区域传递力的能力，对透空区域的围墙提供了可靠的 中间支撑，大幅度改善了围墙的受力状况。同时，卧梁的使用也使得机动或非机动车库的整体结构框架更加坚固，进而在保证受力要求的基础上，节省了更多的建筑空间，使得机动或非机动车库的整体高度能够有效降低，极大地降低了造价。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种建筑物，其包括上述的机动或非机动车库100。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例/方式”、“一些实施例/方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例/方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例/方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例/方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例/方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例/方式或示例以及不同实施例/方式或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本领域的技术人员应当理解，上述实施方式仅仅是为了清楚地说明本公开，而并非是对本公开的范围进行限定。对于所属领域的技术人员而言，在上述公开的基础上还可以做出其它变化或变型，并且这些变化或变型仍处于本公开的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，包括：
    上层板，所述上层板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的顶部；
    下层板，所述下层板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的底部，其中，所述下层板设置有下层停车位；
    至少一个中层板，所述中层板设置于所述上层板和下层板之间，其中，所述中层板设置有中层停车位；
    围墙，所述围墙至少部分地包围所述中层板，并且设置于所述上层板和下层板之间；其中，所述中层板与围墙之间形成有透空区域，和/或，所述中层板形成有透空区域；
    卧梁，所述卧梁至少部分设置于所述围墙的侧壁和/或所述上层板、下层板之间的腰部。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧梁的数量在竖直方向被设置为一个或多个。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧梁在所述围墙上的投影与所述透空区域在所述围墙上的投影能够至少部分重合。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧梁设置为水平状或者大致水平状，并平行于所述中层板。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧梁中的至少部分卧梁设置于所述围墙内侧壁和/或外侧壁；和/或，所述卧梁中的至少部分卧梁部分设置于所述围墙的墙体内，部分设置于所述围墙的墙体外；和/或，所述卧梁中的至少部分卧梁设置于围墙的墙体内。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧梁为横向卧梁和/或斜向卧梁。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧 梁的下表面低于所述中层板的下表面。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，还包括第一方向梁和/或第二方向梁，所述第一方向梁、第二方向梁沿所述中层板水平方向布置，所述第一方向梁、第二方向梁之间方向不同。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，还包括支持梁，所述支持梁的至少部分连接于所述卧梁，所述支持梁贯穿所述透空区域中的至少一个。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述支持梁至少包括第一支持梁，所述第一支持梁贯穿所述中层板与所述围墙之间的透空区域，其中，所述第一支持梁的一端连接于所述卧梁的一端，另一个所述第一支持梁的一端连接所述卧梁的另一端，所述第一支持梁的另一端连接所述第一方向梁或所述第二方向梁的一端，所述另一个所述第一支持梁的另一端连接另一个所述第一方向梁或另一个所述第二方向梁的一端。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述支持梁至少包括第二支持梁，所述第二支持梁贯穿所述中层板的中部所形成的所述透空区域，其中，所述第二支持梁的一端连接于所述中层板的中部的所述透空区域一侧的所述第一方向梁或所述第二方向梁，所述第二支持梁的另一端连接于所述中层板的中部的所述透空区域的另一侧的另一个所述第一方向梁或另一个所述第二方向梁。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述卧梁、所述第一支持梁和/或所述第二支持梁、至少部分所述第一方向梁和/或至少部分所述第二方向梁相连接，以使得所述卧梁、所述第一支持梁和/或所述第二支持梁、至少部分所述第一方向梁和/或至少部分所述第二方向梁形成贯穿所述中层板的结构。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，还包括：竖向壁柱，所述竖向壁柱设置于所述围墙的侧壁，所述第一支持梁的一端连接所述竖向壁柱。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述透空区域也可以不设置所述第一支持梁和/或第二支持梁。
  15. 一种建筑物，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-14中任一项所述的机动或非机动车库。
PCT/CN2022/117917 2022-03-23 2022-09-08 机动或非机动车库及建筑物 WO2023178935A1 (zh)

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