WO2023178934A1 - 机动或非机动车库及建筑物 - Google Patents

机动或非机动车库及建筑物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023178934A1
WO2023178934A1 PCT/CN2022/117916 CN2022117916W WO2023178934A1 WO 2023178934 A1 WO2023178934 A1 WO 2023178934A1 CN 2022117916 W CN2022117916 W CN 2022117916W WO 2023178934 A1 WO2023178934 A1 WO 2023178934A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motorized
plate
concealed
support beam
beams
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/117916
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘星东
Original Assignee
刘星东
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 刘星东 filed Critical 刘星东
Publication of WO2023178934A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023178934A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/42—Devices or arrangements peculiar to garages, not covered elsewhere, e.g. securing devices, safety devices, monitoring and operating schemes; centering devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a motorized or non-motorized garage and building
  • duplex garages and LOFT garages are widely welcomed in the market because of their high utilization rate, energy saving and environmental protection, and good user experience.
  • the transparent space connecting each layer is the focus of this technology, and the sense of space spanning the two floors is very tall.
  • the present disclosure provides a motorized or non-motorized garage and building.
  • a motorized or non-motorized garage which includes:
  • a lower plate, the lower plate is formed as the bottom of the motorized or non-motorized garage, wherein the lower plate is provided with a lower parking space;
  • the middle plate is arranged between the upper plate and the lower plate, wherein the middle plate is provided with a middle parking space;
  • Enclosing wall the enclosing wall at least partially surrounds the middle plate and is arranged between the upper plate and the lower plate; wherein a permeable interval is formed between the middle plate and the enclosing wall , and/or, the median plate is formed with a transparent interval;
  • hidden beams are formed in the upper plate and/or the lower plate and/or the middle plate.
  • At least part of the concealed beams are arranged along the first direction; and/or, at least part of the concealed beams are arranged along the second direction, The first direction and the second direction are different.
  • the number of concealed beams in the upper plate and/or the lower plate and/or the middle plate is one or more.
  • the concealed beam is obtained by adding steel bars, steel components and/or steel structures within a preset width and/or depth and/or height.
  • At least part of the concealed beams are provided inside the upper plate and/or the lower plate and/or the middle plate; and/or, the concealed beams At least part of the concealed beams among the beams is arranged inside the upper plate and/or lower plate and/or the middle plate, and part of the outer surface of the concealed beam is formed into the upper plate and/or the lower plate and/or the middle plate. Part of the outer surface of the base plate; and/or, at least part of the concealed beams penetrates the upper plate and/or the lower plate and/or the middle plate.
  • the projection between each of the concealed beams and/or the positional relationship between the projected extended lines is coincident and/or parallel and/or perpendicular and/or crossing.
  • the number of the transparent intervals is one or more, and the projection of the transparent intervals includes a polygon, and/or at least part of the sides of the projection of the transparent intervals.
  • the portion is arc-shaped; and/or the projection of the transparent interval includes a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, an arc, a triangle, a T-shape, an L-shape, multiple rectangles and/or special shapes.
  • the transparent section is provided with a metal plate, a metal grid, a steel grate and/or an iron grate; and/or the transparent section is provided with a horizontal horizontal Fire-proof closing device; and/or, vertical fire-proof closing device enclosed near the periphery of the permeable section.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage further includes: a support beam, at least part of the support beam is connected to the concealed beam, and the support beam penetrates at least one of the permeable areas.
  • the support beams include at least a first support beam that penetrates the hollow area between the median plate and the enclosure wall, Wherein, one end of the first support beam is connected to the enclosure wall, and the other end of the first support beam is connected to the concealed beam.
  • the support beams include at least a second support beam that penetrates the hollow area formed in the middle of the median plate, wherein the One end of the second support beam is connected to one side of the permeable area in the middle of the middle plate, and the other end of the second support beam is connected to the other side of the permeable area in the middle of the middle plate.
  • the first support beam and/or the second support beam are connected to the concealed beam, so that the first support beam and/or the second support beam are connected to the concealed beam.
  • the concealed beam forms a structure that runs through the median plate.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage further includes: vertical wall columns, the vertical wall columns are provided on the side walls of the enclosure wall, and one end of the first support beam is connected to the Describe the vertical pilasters.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage further includes: transverse sleeping beams, which are arranged on the side walls of the enclosure wall and/or the waist between the upper and lower boards. , one end of the first support beam is connected to the transverse horizontal beam.
  • the support beam is at least partially or completely eliminated.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized in that the concealed beam is at least partially or completely eliminated.
  • a building which includes the above-mentioned motorized or non-motorized garage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • cross-hatching and/or shading in drawings is often used to make boundaries between adjacent parts clear.
  • the presence or absence of cross-hatching or shading does not convey or indicate any knowledge of the specific materials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalities between the components shown and/or any other characteristics of the components, Any preferences or requirements for attributes, properties, etc.
  • the size and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. While example embodiments may be implemented differently, a specific process sequence may be performed in a different order than that described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially concurrently or in the reverse order of that described.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components.
  • an element When an element is referred to as being “on,” “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly connected to the other element. Either directly coupled to said other component, or intervening components may be present. However, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element, there are no intervening elements present.
  • the term “connected” may refer to a physical connection, an electrical connection, etc., with or without intervening components.
  • spatially relative terms such as “on”, “higher” and “side (e.g., as in “sidewall”), are used to describe one component in relation to another (other) component as illustrated in the figures Relationship.
  • spatially relative terms are intended to encompass various orientations of the device in use, operation, and/or manufacture. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features.
  • the exemplary term “below” may encompass both orientations “above” and “below.”
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a motorized or non-motorized garage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure may include an upper plate 110, a lower plate 120, at least one middle plate 130, support columns 140, enclosure walls 150, concealed beams 210, support beams, etc. part.
  • the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 are spaced apart by a preset distance.
  • the preset distance can be determined according to the number of the middle plates 130. For example, when the middle plate 130 is one layer, there is a gap between the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120. The distance can be 5-6m; correspondingly, when the middle plate 130 is two layers, that is to say, there is a distance of about 2-3m between the two middle plates 130 at this time.
  • the upper plate 110 and the lower plate The distance between the plates 120 can be set to 7-9m.
  • the upper plate 110 is formed as the top of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100.
  • the upper plate 110 can be formed by a beamless floor or a beamed floor, wherein the beamed floor can include beams arranged along the first direction and beams along the first direction.
  • the beam is arranged in the second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are not parallel, that is, the first direction and the second direction form a certain angle, for example, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
  • a covering layer may be provided above the upper plate 110; when the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 is formed into an above-ground parking garage, the upper plate 110 is formed into a motorized or non-motorized garage 100. the top part of. More preferably, the upper plate 110 may be provided with structures such as lighting ventilation holes, and the lighting ventilation holes may be formed above the transparent section 170 , for example, directly above or diagonally above the transparent section 170 .
  • the lower plate 120 forms the bottom of the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 .
  • the lower plate 120 includes: at least one bottom driving lane, which is used for vehicle passage, and a bottom parking space, which is provided on at least one side of the bottom driving lane, so that vehicles can be parked in the bottom parking space. .
  • the lower plate 120 can be formed by pouring concrete, and the bottom parking spaces and bottom driving lanes can be formed on the lower plate 120 according to actual projects.
  • the middle plate 130 is provided between the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 .
  • at least one median plate 130 may be provided in the vertical direction.
  • the number of the median plates 130 is one, a motor or non-motor vehicle garage 100 with two parking levels is formed.
  • the number of the median panels 130 is two, a motor or non-motor vehicle garage 100 with three parking levels is formed.
  • the number of intermediate plates 130 can also be set to three, four, five, etc.
  • the number of the intermediate plates 130 of the present disclosure is two or more, these intermediate plates 130 are arranged in a state arranged along the height direction.
  • Each median plate 130 includes: at least one middle driving lane, which is used for vehicle traffic, and a middle parking space, which is provided on at least one side of the middle driving lane. At this time, vehicles can also be parked in the middle parking space. Bit.
  • the median plates 130 when there are at least two median plates 130 , the median plates 130 can be arranged in parallel; for example, these median plates 130 are all arranged in a certain horizontal plane; more preferably, the median plates 130 It can be parallel to the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 , that is, the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 and the middle plate 130 are all arranged in a certain horizontal plane.
  • middle plate 130, the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 may not be arranged parallel to each other, and those skilled in the art can selectively set them according to the specific conditions of the project.
  • the distance between the middle plate 130 and the lower plate 120 is the same as the distance between the middle plate 130 and the upper plate 110 or the difference is within a preset range, so that the two Each parking level has approximately the same height.
  • the distance between the middle plate 130 and the lower plate 120 , the distance between two adjacent middle plates 130 , and the distance between the middle plate 130 and the upper plate is the same or approximately the same (that is, the difference is within a preset range), so that these parking levels have approximately the same height.
  • the middle plate 130 is connected to the lower plate 120 through the connecting lane, and the vehicle moves from the lower plate 120 to the middle plate 130 and/or from the middle plate 130 to the lower plate 120 through the connecting lane.
  • the middle plate 130 is connected to the lower plate 120 through a vehicle conveying device (not shown in the figure), and the vehicle moves from the lower plate 120 to the middle plate 130 and/or from the middle plate 130 to the lower plate 120 through the vehicle conveying device. .
  • adjacent median plates 130 are connected by connecting lanes, so that vehicles can move from the upper median plate 130 to the lower median plate 130 and/or through the connecting lanes. Or move from the lower middle plate 130 to the upper middle plate 130, and the lowermost middle plate 130 is connected to the lower plate 120 through the connecting lane, so that the vehicle moves from the lowermost middle plate 130 to the lower plate 120 and/or through the connecting lane. Move from the lower plate 120 to the lowermost middle plate 130 .
  • the concealed beam 210 is formed on any of the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 and the middle plate 130 .
  • the arrangement of the concealed beams 210 can reduce protrusions and enhance the mechanical properties of the upper plate 110, the lower plate 120 and the middle plate 130.
  • the concealed beams 210 are also conducive to appearance, construction and pipeline laying.
  • At least part of the concealed beams 210 is arranged along the first direction; and/or, at least part of the concealed beams 210 is arranged along the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are different.
  • the X direction in the horizontal direction or the substantially horizontal direction of the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130 can be set as the first direction
  • the Y direction perpendicular to the X direction can be set as the second direction, Or set a direction with a certain other angle to the X direction as the second direction.
  • multiple directions different from the X direction can be collectively referred to as the second direction.
  • the first concealed beam 210 is arranged along the direction
  • the third concealed beam 210 is set at an angle of 45 degrees to the
  • the directions of the second concealed beam 210 and the third concealed beam 210 can be collectively referred to as the second direction.
  • the number of concealed beams 210 in the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130 is one or more.
  • one concealed beam 210 can be set in the middle plate 130, but no concealed beam 210 can be set in the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120; or, multiple concealed beams can be set in the upper plate 110 and the middle plate 130 respectively.
  • the concealed beam 210 can be obtained by adding steel bars and/or steel components and/or steel structures within a preset width and/or depth and/or height. Therefore, the strength of the concealed beam 210 can be greater than the strength of the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 or the middle plate 130 near the concealed beam 210 .
  • At least part of the concealed beams 210 is disposed inside the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130. As a preference, the concealed beam 210 is entirely located in the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120. and/or inside the mid-level plate 130 .
  • At least part of the concealed beams 210 can also be disposed inside the upper plate and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130, and part of the outer surface of the concealed beam 210 is formed into the upper plate 110 and the lower plate. 120 or part of the outer surface of the median plate 130 .
  • the outer surface of the concealed beam 210 can be at the same level or substantially at the same level as the outer surface of the plate, and be concealed. The outer surface of the beam 210 does not protrude from the horizontal plane. At this time, the outer surface of the concealed beam can be used as part of the outer surface of the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 or the middle plate 130 .
  • At least part of the concealed beams 210 may also penetrate the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 or the middle plate 130 .
  • the concealed beam 210 can penetrate in the X direction or Y direction in the horizontal direction or the substantially horizontal direction of the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130 or in a direction at a certain angle with the X direction.
  • the concealed beam 210 can penetrate the Z direction in the vertical direction or the substantially vertical direction of the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130 or in a direction at a certain angle to the Z direction.
  • the upper plate 110, the lower plate 120 or the middle plate 130 can penetrate in the X direction or Y direction in the horizontal direction or the substantially horizontal direction of the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or the middle plate 130 or in a direction at a certain angle with the X direction.
  • the concealed beam 210 can penetrate the Z direction in the vertical direction or the substantially vertical direction of the upper plate 110 and/or the lower plate 120 and/or
  • the positional relationship between the projections and/or the projection extension lines of the respective concealed beams 210 is coincident and/or Or parallel and/or perpendicular and/or crossing.
  • the plane of projection is not limited to various geometric planes such as the horizontal plane and the vertical plane.
  • the plane of projection can also be the component planes of the building such as the upper plate 110, the lower plate 120, the middle plate 130, the enclosing wall 150, etc. How to project.
  • the support column 140 is provided between the lower plate 120 and the upper plate 110 for supporting the upper plate 110 and the middle plate 130 .
  • the support pillars 140 can be arranged in sections.
  • the support pillars 140 can be arranged between the lower plate 120 and the middle plate 130 to support the middle plate 130; accordingly, the support pillars 140 can also be arranged between between the middle plate 130 and the upper plate 110 to support the upper plate 110 .
  • the support columns 140 at different heights can be arranged on the same vertical straight line, so that force can be directly transmitted between the support columns 140 .
  • the support column 140 can be a reinforced concrete column, and the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 , the middle plate 130 and the support column 140 can be integrally formed by a layered casting method.
  • the enclosure wall 150 is disposed between the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 and at least partially surrounds the middle plate 130 . That is to say, when the enclosure wall 150 is formed into an annular structure, the enclosure wall 150 can be connected to the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 together form a closed space, or when the enclosing wall 150 has an opening, the enclosing wall 150 can together with the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120 form a space with an opening, wherein vehicles can pass through the opening. Access to motorized or non-motorized garages from the outside.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage may also include an entry and exit lane, which is directly or indirectly connected to the lower plate 120 or the middle plate 130 so that vehicles can enter the motorized or non-motorized garage through the entry and exit lane.
  • a permeable section 170 is formed between the middle plate 130 and the enclosing wall 150 , and/or a permeable section 170 is formed in the middle of the middle plate 130 .
  • the number of transparent intervals 170 may be one or multiple.
  • the projection of the transparent space 170 may include polygons, such as triangles, quadrilaterals, etc. Of course, at least part of the sides of the projection of the transparent space 170 may be arc-shaped, that is, the projection of the transparent space 170 may be formed into an arc shape. Specifically, the projection of the transparent interval 170 may include a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a curved shape, a triangle, a T shape, an L shape, multiple rectangles and/or special shapes. Those skilled in the art will know that the transparent interval 170 The shape of the projection can be designed according to the shape of the specific project.
  • the permeable section adopts a special-shaped form similar to the English capital letter "L" according to the needs of the use design
  • its projection on the horizontal plane will be a special-shaped structure.
  • the plane of projection is not limited to a variety of geometric planes such as horizontal planes and vertical planes.
  • the plane of projection can also be projected onto the component planes of the building such as upper slabs, lower slabs, middle slabs, and enclosing walls. .
  • At least part of the support beam is connected to the support column 140 and penetrates at least one of the permeable intervals 170 so that force can be transmitted on both sides of the permeable interval 170 through the arrangement of the support beam.
  • the support beam is connected to the concealed beam 210 .
  • the support beams may be directly connected to the concealed beams 210 , or the support beams may be connected to the concealed beams 210 by being connected to the lower plate 120 , the upper plate 110 or the middle plate 130 . That is to say, in this disclosure, if force can be transmitted between the support beam and the concealed beam 210, it can be considered that the support beam is connected to the concealed beam 210.
  • support beams can also be connected to support columns, enclosure beams, or beam structures supporting the upper plate 110 or the middle plate 130 to achieve force transmission.
  • the support beams penetrate the permeable section 170 along the width direction and/or the length direction of the permeable section 170 ; of course, the support beams can also penetrate the permeable section 170 along the length direction of the permeable section 170 .
  • the support beam of the present disclosure can be implemented by a beam structure, and of course can also be implemented by a plate structure.
  • the support beams at least include a first support beam 161, which penetrates the permeable interval 170 between the median plate 130 and the enclosure wall 150, wherein one end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the enclosure wall 150, and the first support beam 161 is connected to the enclosure wall 150.
  • the other end of a support beam 161 is connected to the support column 140 and/or the concealed beam 210 to enable force transmission between the enclosure wall 150 and the median plate 130 .
  • the other end of the first support beam 161 can also be connected to the middle plate 130 or the upper plate 110 or other components.
  • the first support beam 160 is indirectly connected to the concealed beam 210 .
  • multiple first support beams 161 are provided along the length direction of the permeable section 170 between the median plate 130 and the enclosure wall 150 , so as to improve the enclosure wall 150 through the arrangement of multiple first support beams 161 . stability.
  • the support beam can be higher or lower than the median plate 130.
  • the upper surface of the support beam can be higher than or lower than the lower surface of the median plate 130.
  • the upper surface of the support beam can also be aligned with the median plate 130.
  • the lower surface of plate 130 is flush.
  • the upper surface of the support beam can be higher than the upper surface of the median plate 130 .
  • the upper surface of the support beam can also be flush with the upper surface of the median plate 130 .
  • the support beams at least include second support beams 162 .
  • the second support beams 162 pass through the hollow section 170 formed in the middle of the middle plate 130 .
  • One end of the second support beam 162 is connected to the middle plate 130 .
  • the side of the transparent section 170 in the middle for example, can be connected to the support column 140 and the concealed beam 210 on the side of the transparent section 170, or can be directly connected to the middle plate 130 and the second support beam 162 on the side of the transparent section 170.
  • the other end is connected to the other side of the permeable section 170 in the middle of the middle plate 130.
  • force can be transmitted between the intermediate plates 130 on both sides of the permeable section 170 .
  • a plurality of second support beams 162 are provided along the length direction of the hollow section 170 in the middle of the middle plate 130 , so that the middle plate 130 can be made more stable through the arrangement of multiple second support beams 162 .
  • the first support beam 161 and the second support beam 162 are connected.
  • the first support beam 161 and the second support beam 162 may form a through beam, so that the first support beam 161 and the second support beam 162 are connected.
  • the support beam 162 forms a structure that penetrates the middle plate 130; as an implementation form, one end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the side wall of the enclosure wall 150, and the other end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the second support beam 162 One end of the second support beam 162 is connected to another enclosure wall 150 opposite to the enclosure wall 150 .
  • the force to counteract the pressure can be provided to the two enclosure walls 150 at the same time through the through-beam, so that the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure can be more stable.
  • the first support beam 161 and/or the second support beam 162 are connected to the concealed beam 210 so that the first support beam 161 and/or the second support beam 162 and the concealed beam 210 form a through-passage.
  • the structure of the median plate 130 as another form, one end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the side wall of the enclosure wall 150, and the other end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the concealed beam on one side of the second support beam 162
  • One end of the concealed beam 210 on one side of the second support beam 162 is connected to one end of the second support beam 162, and the other end of the second support beam 162 is connected to the concealed beam 210 on the other side of the second support beam 162.
  • One end, the other end of the concealed beam 210 on the other side of the second support beam 162 is connected to another enclosure wall 150 that is opposite to the enclosure wall 150. Therefore, similarly, when both enclosure walls 150 are enclosed When the earth outside the wall 150 exerts pressure, the through-beam formed by the first support beam 161, the second support beam 162 and the two concealed beams 210 can simultaneously provide force to the two enclosing walls 150 to offset the pressure. This makes the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure more stable.
  • a transverse horizontal beam 190 is provided on the side wall of the enclosure wall 150 and/or at the waist between the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 120.
  • the transverse beam 190 can be provided inside the enclosure wall 150. It can also be installed outside the enclosure wall 150 .
  • One end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the horizontal horizontal beam 190 to improve the support capacity of the enclosure wall 150 through the horizontal horizontal beam 190; in this disclosure, the horizontal horizontal beam 190 is arranged along the horizontal direction, that is, the entirety of the horizontal horizontal beam 190 It is located in a certain horizontal plane or an approximately horizontal plane, and can penetrate the enclosure wall 150 or be set around the enclosure wall 150 .
  • the height of the enclosure wall 150 can be divided and supported, and the calculated span of the entire height of the enclosure wall 150 can be divided into two or more spans, thereby greatly reducing the enclosure wall.
  • the peak bending moment of the combined wall 150 is not limited to the present disclosure.
  • the middle plate 130 is supported by the first direction beam 180.
  • the lower part of the middle plate 130 is supported by the first direction beam 180, wherein the One direction beam 180 is connected to the support column 140 , and the other end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the first direction beam 180 .
  • the first direction beam 180 can be arranged along the length direction of the median plate 130, or in other words, the first direction beam 180 can be arranged along the length direction of the permeable section.
  • the first directional beam 180 can be connected to the support column 140 and the concealed beam 210 to support the three-dimensional space of the motorized or non-motorized garage composed of the upper plate 110 , the lower plate 120 and the middle plate 130 .
  • the side walls of the enclosing wall 150 are provided with vertical wall pillars 200.
  • the vertical wall pillars 200 can be located on the inner side wall of the enclosing wall 150 or on the outer side wall of the enclosing wall 150.
  • One end of the first support beam 161 is connected to the vertical wall column 200 .
  • one end of the first support beam 160 can be directly connected to the vertical wall column 200 , or can be indirectly connected to the enclosing wall 150 .
  • Vertical pilasters are examples of the first support beam 161 .
  • one end of the first support beam 161 can be connected to the intersection of the vertical wall column 200 and the horizontal horizontal beam 190; in this disclosure, the upper end of the vertical wall column 200 is connected to the upper plate 110, and the upper end of the vertical wall column 200 is connected to the upper plate 110. The lower end is connected to the lower plate 120 .
  • the vertical pilasters 200 are used to strengthen the enclosure wall 150 and also separate the horizontal span of the enclosure wall 150 to reduce the peak bending moment of the enclosure wall 150 .
  • the permeable sections 170 there may be no support beams in the permeable sections 170 , that is, when there are more than two permeable sections 170 , at least one permeable section 170 is not penetrated by a support beam. Of course, on the other hand, all the permeable sections 170 can be penetrated by the support beams.
  • the portion of the middle plate 130 close to the permeable section 170 is provided with side beams, side plates or upturned beams to improve the strength of the middle plate 130. More preferably, the side beams, side plates or upturned beams are provided with railings to enhance the strength of the middle plate 130. This can prevent people from falling from the transparent section and improve the safety of motorized or non-motorized garages.
  • metal plates and/or metal grids and/or steel grids and/or iron grates are provided in the permeable interval 170; and/or, A transverse fire-proof sealing device is provided in the void space 170; and/or a vertical fire-proof sealing device is enclosed near the periphery of the permeable space, so that when a fire occurs, the horizontal fire-proof sealing device and/or the vertical fire-proof sealing device are closed, so that The space above the permeable section 170 is not connected or the space above the permeable section 170 is not connected to the space above the median plate, which can effectively reduce the area of the fire protection zone and facilitate the planning of sprinkler pipes.
  • the horizontal fire-proof closing device of the present disclosure may include fire-proof closing structures such as horizontal rolling shutters, horizontal fire-proof panels, horizontal fire-resistant floor slabs, and horizontal movable covers.
  • the vertical fire-proof closing device may include vertical rolling shutters, vertical fire-proof boards, vertical fire-resistant Fireproof enclosed structures such as floor slabs, vertical movable covers, and water curtains.
  • the permeable section 170 of the present disclosure may not be provided with support beams, but may use vertical wall columns 200 or thickened exterior walls to reinforce the enclosure wall 150 .
  • the concealed beams 210 in the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure can also be at least partially or completely eliminated.
  • the canceled concealed beam 210 can also be replaced by other forms of beams.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 also includes transverse pipelines and/or vertical pipelines, where the transverse pipelines can be wind and smoke ducts and/or spray pipelines and/or cable trays, etc., and the transverse pipelines can be provided on the upper plate. 110, and is located at the upper part of the permeable section 170. Of course, it can also be provided at the middle plate 130, and is located at the lower part of the permeable section 170.
  • the vertical pipelines may also be wind and smoke ducts and/or sprinkler pipelines and/or cable trays, etc., wherein the vertical pipelines may pass through the permeable section 170 .
  • Air, smoke exhaust, water supply, power supply, etc. can be supplied to different parking floors through horizontal pipelines and/or vertical pipelines.
  • the motorized or non-motorized garage of the present disclosure can significantly improve the stress conditions of underground buildings.
  • the concealed beams are combined with other building structural components of the motorized or non-motorized garage, so that the permeable section can transmit force, and can transmit force to the transparent section.
  • the enclosing wall of the empty space provides reliable intermediate support, greatly improving the stress condition.
  • the use of concealed beams also allows the upper plate, middle plate and lower plate of the motorized or non-motorized garage to meet the mechanical requirements. It is more beautiful and more conducive to the layout of pipelines, thereby saving more building space, thereby effectively reducing the overall height of motorized or non-motorized garages, thus greatly reducing construction costs.
  • a building which includes the motorized or non-motorized garage 100 described above.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

Abstract

一种机动或非机动车库（100），其包括：上位板（110），上位板（110）形成为机动或非机动车库（100）的顶部；下位板（120），下位板（120）形成为机动或非机动车库（100）的底部，其中，下位板（120）设置有下位停车位；至少一个中位板（130），中位板（130）设置于上位板（110）和下位板（120）之间，其中，中位板（130）设置有中位停车位；围合墙（150），围合墙（150）至少部分地包围中位板（130），并且设置于上位板（110）和下位板（120）之间；其中，中位板（130）与围合墙（150）之间形成有透空区间（170），和/或，中位板（130）形成有透空区间（170）；其中，上位板（110）和/或下位板（120）和/或中位板（130）中形成有暗梁（210）。还提供一种建筑物，包括所述的机动或非机动车库（100）。

Description

机动或非机动车库及建筑物 技术领域
本公开涉及一种机动或非机动车库及建筑物
背景技术
传统地下车库空间设备管线系统凌乱，也基本没有考虑消防的特点与功能结合，导致空间浪费，层高很高，从而造成建筑埋深很深，造价高企。
复式车库、LOFT车库等作为地下车库建筑因其利用率高、节能环保以及具有良好的使用体验，而广受市场欢迎。尤其是连接各层的透空区间是该技术的重点，跨越两层的空间感非常高大。
但是，因为该透空区间的存在，会使得中位停车层处于不连续的状态，从而导致透空区间所在的中位停车层的力学传递出现不连续，继而导致了整个地下车库建筑墙体、各楼层、各梁柱等建筑物重要构件的力学分布产生很大的变化，并且各建筑物重要构件的材料耗用以及配合管线布置的结构外形及形式也会发生很大变化。
实用新型内容
为了解决上述技术问题之一，本公开提供了一种机动或非机动车库及建筑物。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种机动或非机动车库，其包括：
上位板，所述上位板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的顶部；
下位板，所述下位板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的底部，其中，所述下位板设置有下位停车位；
至少一个中位板，所述中位板设置于所述上位板和下位板之间，其中，所述中位板设置有中位停车位；
围合墙，所述围合墙至少部分地包围所述中位板，并且设置于所述上位板和下位板之间；其中，所述中位板与围合墙之间形成有透空区间，和/或，所述中位板形成有透空区间；
其中，所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板中形成有暗梁。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁沿第一方向设置；和/或，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁沿第二方向设置，所述第一方向和第二方向不同。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板中所述暗梁数量为一个或多个。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述暗梁通过采用在预设宽度和/或深度和/或高度内增设钢筋、钢构件和/或钢结构的方式获得。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁设置于所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板内部；和/或，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁设置于所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板内部，并且所述暗梁的部分外表面形成为所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板的部分外表面；和/或，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁贯穿所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，当所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板中所述暗梁数量为多个时，各个所述暗梁之间的投影和/或投影延长线之间的位置关系为重合和/或平行和/或垂直和/或交叉。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述透空区间为一个或多个，并且所述透空区间的投影包括多边形，和/或所述透空区间的投影的至少部分边部为弧形；和/或，所述透空区间的投影包括矩形、圆形、椭圆形、弧边形、三角形、T型、L型、多个矩形和/或异形。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述透空区间设置有金属板、金属格网、钢格栅和/或铁篦子；和/或，所述透空区间设置有水平向防火封闭装置；和/或，透空区间周边附近围合垂直向防火封闭装置。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，还包括：支撑梁，所述支撑梁的至少部分连接于所述暗梁，所述支撑梁贯穿所述透空区域中的至少一个。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述支撑梁至少包括第一支撑梁，所述第一支撑梁贯穿所述中位板与所述围合墙之间的透空区域，其中，所述第一支撑梁的一端连接于所述围合墙，所述第一支撑梁的另一端连接于所述暗梁。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述支撑梁至少包括第二支撑梁，所述第二支撑梁贯穿所述中位板的中部所形成的透空区域，其中，所述第二支撑梁的一端连接于所述中位板的中部的透空区域一侧，所述第二支撑梁的另一端连接于所述中位板的中部的透空区域的另一侧。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，第一支撑梁和/或第二支撑梁与所述暗梁相连接，以使得所述第一支撑梁和/或第二支撑梁与所述暗梁形成贯穿所述中位板的结构。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，还包括：竖向壁柱，所述竖向壁柱设置于所述围合墙的侧壁，所述第一支撑梁的一端连接于所述竖向壁柱。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，还包括：横向卧梁，所述横向卧梁设置于所述围合墙的侧壁和/或所述上位板、下位板之间的腰部，所述第一支撑梁的一端连接于所述横向卧梁。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，所述支撑梁至少部分或者全部取消。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述暗梁至少部分或者全部取消。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种建筑物，其包括上述的机动或非机动车库。
附图说明
附图示出了本公开的示例性实施方式，并与其说明一起用于解释本公开的原理，其中包括了这些附图以提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且附图包括在本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的结构示意图。
图2是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的剖视结构示意图。
图中附图标记具体为：
100 机动或非机动车库
110 上位板
120 下位板
130 中位板
140 支撑柱
150 围合墙
161 第一支撑梁
162 第二支撑梁
170 透空区间
180 第一方向梁
190 横向卧梁
200 竖向壁柱
210 暗梁。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本公开作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于解释相关内容，而非对本公开的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本公开相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开中的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施方式来详细说明本公开的技术方案。
除非另有说明，否则示出的示例性实施方式/实施例将被理解为提供可以在实践中实施本公开的技术构思的一些方式的各种细节的示例性特征。因此，除非另有说明，否则在不脱离本公开的技术构思的情况下，各种实施方式/实施例的特征可以另外地组合、分离、互换和/或重新布置。
在附图中使用交叉影线和/或阴影通常用于使相邻部件之间的边界变得清晰。如此，除非说明，否则交叉影线或阴影的存在与否均不传达或表示对部件的具体材料、材料性质、尺寸、比例、示出的部件之间的共性和/或部件的任何其它特性、属性、性质等的任何偏好或者要求。此外，在附图中，为了清楚和/或描述性的目的，可以夸大部件的尺寸和相对尺寸。当可以不同地实施示例性实施例时，可以以不同于所描述的顺序来执行具体的工艺顺序。例如，可以基本同时执行或者以与所描述的顺序相反的顺序执行两个连续描述的工艺。此外，同样的附图标记表示同样的部件。
当一个部件被称作“在”另一部件“上”或“之上”、“连接到”或“结合到”另一部件时，该部件可以直接在所述另一部件上、直接连接到或直接结合到所述另一部件，或者可以存在中间部件。然而，当部件被称作“直接在”另一部件“上”、“直接连接到”或“直接结合到”另一部件时，不存在中间部件。为此，术语“连接”可以指物理连接、电气连接等，并且具有或不具有中间部件。
为了描述性目的，本公开可使用诸如“在……之下”、“在……下方”、“在……下”、“下”、“在……上方”、“上”、“在……之上”、“较高的”和“侧(例如，如在“侧壁”中)”等的空间相对术语，从而来描述如附图中示出的一个部件与另一(其它)部件的关系。除了附图中描绘的方位之外，空间相对术语还意图包含设备在使用、操作和/或制造中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的设备被翻转，则被描述为“在”其它部件或特征“下方”或“之下”的部件将随后被定位为“在”所述其它部件或特征“上方”。因此，示例性术语“在……下方”可以包含“上方”和“下方”两种方位。此外，设备可被另外定位(例如，旋转90度或者在其它方位处)，如此，相应地解释这里使用的空间相对描述语。
这里使用的术语是为了描述具体实施例的目的，而不意图是限制性的。如这里所使用的，除非上下文另外清楚地指出，否则单数形式“一个(种、者)”和“所述(该)”也意图包括复数形式。此外，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”以及它们的变型时，说明存在所陈述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、部件、组件和/或它们的组，但不排除存在或附加一个或更多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、部件、组件和/或它们的组。还要注意的是，如这里使用的，术语“基本上”、“大约”和其它类似的术语被用作近似术语而不用作程度术语，如此，它们被用来解释本领域普通技术人员将认识到的测量值、计算值和/或提供的值的固有偏差。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的结构示意图。图2是根据本公开的一个实施方式的机动或非机动车库的剖视结构示意图。
如图1和图2所示，本公开的机动或非机动车库可以包括上位板110、下位板120、至少一个中位板130、支撑柱140、围合墙150、暗梁210和支撑梁等部件。
上位板110与下位板120之间间隔预设距离设置，该预设距离可以 根据中位板130的数量而定，例如，当中位板130为一层时，上位板110和下位板120之间的距离可以为5-6m；相应地，当中位板130为两层时，也就是说，此时两个中位板130之间具有大约2-3m的距离，相应地，上位板110和下位板120之间的距离可以被设置为7-9m。
上位板110形成为机动或非机动车库100的顶部，本公开中，上位板110可以采用无梁楼板或者有梁楼板来形成，其中，有梁楼板可以包括沿第一方向所设置的梁以及沿第二方向所设置的梁，其中，第一方向和第二方向不平行，即第一方向和第二方向形成为一定角度，例如，第一方向和第二方向垂直。
当机动或非机动车库100形成为地下停车库时，上位板110的上方可以设置有覆土层；当机动或非机动车库100形成为地上停车库时，上位板110形成为机动或非机动车库100的最上部。更优选地，上位板110上可以开设有采光通风孔等结构，采光通风孔可以形成在透空区间170的上方，例如形成在透空区间170的正上方或者斜上方。
下位板120形成为机动或非机动车库100的底部。本公开中，下位板120包括：至少一个底行驶车道，底行驶车道用于车辆通行，以及底停车位，底停车位设置于底行驶车道的至少一侧，以使得车辆可以停泊在底停车位。
本公开中，下位板120可以通过混凝土浇筑成型，并且底停车位以及底行驶车道等可以根据实际项目在下位板120施划而形成。
中位板130设置于上位板110和下位板120之间。本公开中，中位板130可以沿竖直方向被设置为至少一个，例如，当中位板130的数量为一个时，形成为具有两个停车层的机动或非机动车库100。当中位板130的数量为两个时，形成为具有三个停车层的机动或非机动车库100。当然，中位板130也可以设置为三个、四个、五个等数量。
也就是说，当本公开的中位板130的数量为两个以上时，这些中位板130设置为沿高度方向排布的状态。
每个中位板130包括：至少一个中间行驶车道，中间行驶车道用于车辆通行，以及中间停车位，中间停车位设置于中间行驶车道的至少一侧，此时，车辆也可以停泊在中间停车位。
本公开中，中位板130设置为至少两个时，这些中位板130之间可以平行设置；例如，这些中位板130均被设置在某一水平面内；更优选地，中位板130可以与上位板110和下位板120平行，即上位板110、下 位板120和中位板130均被设置在某一水平面内。
当然，中位板130、上位板110和下位板120相互之间也可以不平行设置，本领域技术人员可以根据项目的具体情况而选择性地设置即可。
本公开中，当中位板130为一个时，中位板130与下位板120之间的距离与中位板130与上位板110之间距离相同或者差值在预设范围内，以使得这两个停车层具有大致相同的层高。
另一方面，当中位板130的数量为至少两个时，中位板130与下位板120之间的距离、两个相邻的中位板130之间的距离、以及中位板130与上位板110之间距离相同或者大致相同(即差值在预设范围内)，以使得这些个停车层具有大致相同的层高。
中位板130的数量为一个时，中位板130通过连接车道与下位板120连通，车辆通过连接车道从下位板120移动至中位板130和/或从中位板130移动至下位板120。或者，中位板130通过车辆输送装置(图中未示出)与下位板120连通，车辆通过车辆输送装置从下位板120移动至中位板130和/或从中位板130移动至下位板120。
本公开中，中位板130的数量为两个以上时，相邻的中位板130之间通过连接车道连接，以便车辆通过连接车道从上中位板130移动至下中位板130和/或从下中位板130移动至上中位板130，并且最下中位板130通过连接车道与下位板120连通，以便车辆通过连接车道从最下中位板130移动至下位板120和/或从下位板120移动至最下中位板130。
本公开中，暗梁210形成于上位板110、下位板120和中位板130中的任意板。暗梁210的设置能够减少凸出物，并加强上位板110、下位板120和中位板130的力学性能，暗梁210也利于美观、利于施工和铺设管线。
暗梁210中的至少部分暗梁210沿第一方向设置；和/或，暗梁210中的至少部分暗梁210沿第二方向设置，第一方向和第二方向不同。例如，可以设置上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130的水平方向或大致水平方向中的X方向为第一方向，而设置与X方向垂直的Y方向为第二方向，或者设置与X方向具有一定其他角度的方向为第二方向。更进一步的，与X方向不同的多个方向均可统称为第二方向，例如，当具有三个暗梁210，其中第一个暗梁210沿X方向设置，第二个暗梁210沿Y方向设置，第三个暗梁210沿与X方向成45度角设置，则第二个暗梁210、第三个暗梁210方向虽然与第一个暗 梁210方向之间的夹角不同，但第二个暗梁210、第三个暗梁210的方向均可统称为第二方向。
上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130中暗梁210数量为一个或多个。例如，可以在中位板130中设置一个暗梁210，而在上位板110、下位板120中不设置暗梁210；或者，可以在上位板110、中位板130中分别设置多个暗梁210，而在下位板120中不设置暗梁210；或者，在上位板110设置一个暗梁210，而在中位板130、下位板120中分别设置多个暗梁210。即暗梁210能够根据机动或非机动车库的整体力学设计需求，而在上位板110、下位板120、中位板130各不同的板中根据需要进行选择设置。
暗梁210能够通过采用在预设宽度和/或深度和/或高度内增设钢筋和/或钢构件、和/或钢结构的方式获得。从而使得暗梁210的强度能够大于暗梁210附近的上位板110、下位板120或中位板130的强度。
暗梁210中的至少部分暗梁210设置于上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130内部，作为一种优选，暗梁210整体上位于上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130内部。
暗梁210中的至少部分暗梁210也可以在设置于上位板和/或下位板120和/或中位板130内部的同时，该暗梁210的部分外表面形成为上位板110、下位板120或中位板130的部分外表面。例如，虽然暗梁210形成于上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130内部，但是暗梁210的外表面能够与板的外表面处于同一水平面或者大致在同一水平面，并暗梁210的外表面并没有凸出于水平面，此时，该暗梁的外表面可以作为上位板110、下位板120或中位板130的部分外表面。
暗梁210中的至少部分暗梁210也可以贯穿上位板110、下位板120或中位板130。例如，一方面，暗梁210可以在上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130的水平方向或大致水平方向中的X方向或者Y方向或者与X方向成一定角度的方向贯穿板；另一方面，暗梁210可以在上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130的竖直方向或大致竖直方向中的Z方向或者与Z方向成一定角度的方向贯穿上位板110、下位板120或中位板130。
当上位板110和/或下位板120和/或中位板130中暗梁210数量为多个时，各个暗梁210之间的投影和/或投影延长线之间的位置关系 为重合和/或平行和/或垂直和/或交叉。例如，当上位板110、中位板130中均在同一对应位置具有一个相同的暗梁210，该两个暗梁210在水平面的投影的位置关系为重合；当上位板110、中位板130中均在水平方向或大致水平方向的X方向具有一个相同的暗梁210，该两个暗梁210在水平面的投影或者投影延长线的位置关系为平行；当上位板110、中位板130中分别在水平方向或大致水平方向的X方向和Y方向具有一个暗梁210，该两个暗梁210在水平面的投影或者投影延长线的位置关系为垂直或交叉。同时，投影的平面并不仅限定于水平面、竖直平面等多种几何平面，投影的平面也可以采用向上位板110、下位板120、中位板130、围合墙150等建筑物的构件平面进行投影的方式。
本公开中，支撑柱140设置于下位板120和上位板110之间，用于支撑上位板110和中位板130。作为一种实现形式，支撑柱140可以分段设置，例如，支撑柱140可以设置于下位板120和中位板130之间，以支撑中位板130；相应地，支撑柱140也可以设置在中位板130和上位板110之间，以支撑上位板110。
优选地，在不同高度处的支撑柱140可以设置在同一个竖直直线上，以使得支撑柱140之间能直接传递力。
作为一种实现形式，支撑柱140可以为钢筋混凝土柱，并且，上位板110、下位板120、中位板130以及支撑柱140可以通过分层浇注的方法一体成型。
围合墙150设置于上位板110和下位板120之间，并且至少部分地包围中位板130，也就是说，当围合墙150形成为环形结构时，围合墙150可以与上位板110和下位板120共同围合成一封闭空间，或者，当围合墙150具有开口时，围合墙150可以与上位板110和下位板120共同围合成具有开口的空间，其中，车辆可以通过该开口从外部进入机动或非机动车库。
本公开中，机动或非机动车库还可以包括进出车道，进出车道直接或者间接连接于下位板120或者中位板130，以便车辆通过该进出车道进入机动或非机动车库。
中位板130与围合墙150之间形成有透空区间170，和/或，中位板130的中部形成有透空区间170。本公开中，透空区间170可以设置为一个，也可以设置为多个。
透空区间170的投影可以包括多边形，例如，三角形、四边形等形状，当然，透空区间170的投影的至少部分边部可以为弧形，即透空区间170的投影可以形成为弧边形。具体地，透空区间170的投影可以包括矩形、圆形、椭圆形、弧边形、三角形、T型、L型、多个矩形和/或异形，本领域技术人员应当知晓，透空区间170的投影的形状可以根据具体项目的形状而进行设计。
例如，当透空区间根据使用设计的需求，而采用类似于英文大写字母“L”的异形形式时，其在水平面上的投影则为异形结构。同样，投影的平面并不仅限定于水平面、竖直平面等多种几何平面，投影的平面也可以采用向上位板、下位板、中位板、围合墙等建筑物的构件平面进行投影的方式。
本公开中，支撑梁的至少部分连接于支撑柱140，并且贯穿透空区间170中的至少一个，以便通过支撑梁的设置，使得透空区间170的两侧能够传递力。
本公开中，支撑梁的至少部分连接于暗梁210。其中，支撑梁可以直接连接于暗梁210，支撑梁也可以通过连接于下位板120、上位板110或者中位板130而连接于暗梁210。也就是说，本公开中，支撑梁和暗梁210之间能够进行力传递即可以认为支撑梁连接于暗梁210。
当然，支撑梁也能够连接于支撑柱、围合梁或者支撑上位板110或者中位板130梁结构而实现力的传递。
本公开中，支撑梁沿透空区间170的宽度方向和/或长度方向贯穿透空区间170；当然，支撑梁也可以沿透空区间170的长度方向贯穿透空区间170。本公开的支撑梁可以采用梁式结构来实现，当然也可以采用板式结构来实现。
支撑梁至少包括第一支撑梁161，第一支撑梁161贯穿中位板130与围合墙150之间的透空区间170，其中，第一支撑梁161的一端连接于围合墙150，第一支撑梁161的另一端连接于支撑柱140和/或暗梁210，以使得围合墙150与中位板130之间能够进行力的传递。当然，第一支撑梁161的另一端也可以连接于中位板130或者上位板110等部件，此时，第一支撑梁160间接连接于暗梁210。
优选地，第一支撑梁161沿中位板130与围合墙150之间的透空区间170的长度方向设置为多个，以通过多个第一支撑梁161的设置，提高围合墙150的稳定性。
本公开中，支撑梁可以高于或者低于中位板130，例如，支撑梁的上表面能够高于或者低于中位板130的下表面，当然，支撑梁的上表面也能够与中位板130的下表面平齐。更优选地，支撑梁的上表面能够高于中位板130的上表面，当然，支撑梁的上表面也可能够与中位板130的上表面平齐。
另一方面，支撑梁至少包括第二支撑梁162，第二支撑梁162贯穿中位板130的中部所形成的透空区间170，其中，第二支撑梁162的一端连接于中位板130的中部的透空区间170一侧，例如，可以连接透空区间170一侧的支撑柱140和暗梁210，也可以直接连接在透空区间170一侧的中位板130，第二支撑梁162的另一端连接于中位板130的中部的透空区间170的另一侧，例如可以连接透空区域170的另一侧的支撑柱140和暗梁210，也可以直接连接在透空区间170的另一侧的中位板130。由此，能够使得透空区间170两侧的中位板130之间能够进行力的传递。
第二支撑梁162沿中位板130的中部的透空区间170的长度方向被设置为多个，以便通过多个第二支撑梁162的设置，使得中位板130更稳定。
根据本公开至少一个实施方式，第一支撑梁161和第二支撑梁162相连接，例如，第一支撑梁161和第二支撑梁162可以形成贯穿梁，以使得第一支撑梁161和第二支撑梁162形成贯穿中位板130的结构；作为一种实现形式，第一支撑梁161的一端连接于围合墙150的侧壁，第一支撑梁161的另一端连接于第二支撑梁162的一端，第二支撑梁162的另一端连接于与围合墙150相对设置的另一个围合墙150，由此，当两个围合墙150均被围合墙150外部的土方施加压力时，能够通过该贯穿梁同时向这两个围合墙150提供抵消该压力的力，以此使得本公开的机动或非机动车库能够更稳定。
根据本公开至少另一个实施方式，第一支撑梁161和/或第二支撑梁162与暗梁210相连接，以使得第一支撑梁161和/或第二支撑梁162与暗梁210形成贯穿中位板130的结构；作为另一种形式，第一支撑梁161的一端连接于围合墙150的侧壁，第一支撑梁161的另一端连接于第二支撑梁162一侧的暗梁210的一端，第二支撑梁162一侧的暗梁210的另一端连接于第二支撑梁162的一端，第二支撑梁162的另一端连接第二支撑梁162另一侧的暗梁210的一端，第二支撑梁162另一侧的暗梁210的另一端连接于与围合墙150相对设置的另一个围合墙 150，由此，同样，当两个围合墙150均被围合墙150外部的土方施加压力时，能够通过第一支撑梁161、第二支撑梁162以及两个暗梁210构成的贯穿梁同时向这两个围合墙150提供抵消该压力的力，以此使得本公开的机动或非机动车库能够更稳定。
本公开中，围合墙150的侧壁和/或上位板110、下位板120之间的腰部设置有横向卧梁190，所述横向卧梁190可以设置于所述围合墙150的内部，也可以设置于所述围合墙150的外部。第一支撑梁161的一端连接于横向卧梁190，以通过横向卧梁190提高围合墙150的支护能力；本公开中，横向卧梁190沿水平方向设置，即横向卧梁190的整体位于某一水平面内或某一近似水平面内，并且可以贯穿围合墙150，或者环绕围合墙150设置。本公开中，通过横向卧梁190和支撑梁的设置，能够对围合墙150高度进行分割和支撑，将围合墙150通高的计算跨度分割成两跨或多跨，大幅度减小围合墙150的弯矩峰值。
另外，为提高中位板130的稳定性，本公开中，中位板130通过第一方向梁180所支撑，优选地，中位板130的下部通过第一方向梁180所支撑，其中，第一方向梁180与支撑柱140相连接，第一支撑梁161的另一端连接于第一方向梁180。更优选地，第一方向梁180可以沿中位板130的长度方向设置，或者说，第一方向梁180沿透空区间的长度方向设置。另外，本公开中，第一方向梁180能够与支撑柱140、暗梁210连接，以实现对上位板110、下位板120、中位板130构成的机动或非机动车库立体空间的支撑。
更优选地，围合墙150的侧壁设置有竖向壁柱200，该竖向壁柱200可以位于所述围合墙150的内侧壁，也可以位于所述围合墙150的外侧壁，第一支撑梁161的一端连接于竖向壁柱200，例如，第一支撑梁160的一端可以直接连接于该竖向壁柱200，也可以通过连接于围合墙150的方式而间接连接于竖向壁柱。优选地，第一支撑梁161的一端可以连接于竖向壁柱200与横向卧梁190的相交处；本公开中，竖向壁柱200的上端连接于上位板110，竖向壁柱200的下端连接于下位板120。竖向壁柱200用于加强围合墙150，还能分隔围合墙150水平跨度进而减少围合墙150的弯矩峰值。
另一方面，透空区间170内也可以不存在支撑梁，即，当透空区间170为两个以上时，至少一个透空区间170未被支撑梁穿过。当然，另外一方面，所有的透空区间170均可以被支撑梁所穿过。
中位板130接近透空区间170的部分设置有边梁、边板或者上翻梁，以提高中位板130的强度，更优选地，边梁、边板或者上翻梁设置有栏杆，以此能够防止人员从透空区间掉落，提高机动或非机动车库的安全性。
在本公开的一个可选实施例中，透空区间170内设置有金属板和/或金属格网和/或钢格栅和/或铁篦子(图中未示出)；和/或，透空区间170内设置有横向防火封闭装置；和/或，透空区间周边附近围合竖向防火封闭装置，以当火灾发生时，通过关闭横向防火封闭装置和/或竖向防火封闭装置，使得透空区间170的上方空间不连通或者透空区间170的上方与中位板上方空间不连通，从而能够有效地降低防火分区的面积，方便规划喷淋管道。
本公开的横向防火封闭装置可以包括横向卷帘、横向防火板、横向耐火楼板、横向活动盖板等防火封闭结构，竖向防火封闭装置可以包括竖向卷帘、竖向防火板、竖向耐火楼板、竖向活动盖板、水幕等防火封闭结构。
本公开的透空区间170也可以不设置支撑梁，而采用竖向壁柱200或加厚外墙的方式来补强所述围合墙150。
本公开的机动或非机动车库中的暗梁210也可以至少部分或者全部取消。而取消的暗梁210处，也可以采用其他形式的梁替代。
本公开中，机动或非机动车库100还包括横向管线和/或竖向管线，其中，横向管线可以为风烟管道和/或喷淋管线和/或电缆桥架等，横向管线可以设置于上位板110，并位于透空区间170的上部，当然，也可以设置于中位板130，并位于透空区间170的下部。
竖向管线也可以为风烟管道和/或喷淋管线和/或电缆桥架等，其中，竖向管线可以穿过透空区间170。通过横向管线和/或竖向管线即可以向不同的停车层供风、排烟、供水、供电等。
本公开的机动或非机动车库能够显著改善地下建筑的受力工况，通过暗梁的设置，使得暗梁与机动或非机动车库其他建筑结构构件结合使得透空区间能够传递力，并且对透空区间的围合墙提供了可靠的中间支撑，大幅度改善受力状况，同时，暗梁的使用也使得机动或非机动车库的上位板、中位板、下位板在保证力学要求的基础上更加美观，并且也更有利于管线的布置，从而节省更多的建筑空间，进而使得机动或非机动车库的整体高度能够有效降低，从而能够极大地降低造价。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种建筑物，其包括上述的机动或非机动车库100。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例/方式”、“一些实施例/方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例/方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例/方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例/方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例/方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例/方式或示例以及不同实施例/方式或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本领域的技术人员应当理解，上述实施方式仅仅是为了清楚地说明本公开，而并非是对本公开的范围进行限定。对于所属领域的技术人员而言，在上述公开的基础上还可以做出其它变化或变型，并且这些变化或变型仍处于本公开的范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，包括：
    上位板，所述上位板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的顶部；
    下位板，所述下位板形成为所述机动或非机动车库的底部，其中，所述下位板设置有下位停车位；
    至少一个中位板，所述中位板设置于所述上位板和下位板之间，其中，所述中位板设置有中位停车位；
    围合墙，所述围合墙至少部分地包围所述中位板，并且设置于所述上位板和下位板之间；其中，所述中位板与围合墙之间形成有透空区间，和/或，所述中位板形成有透空区间；
    其中，所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板中形成有暗梁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁沿第一方向设置；和/或，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁沿第二方向设置，所述第一方向和第二方向不同。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板中所述暗梁数量为一个或多个。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述暗梁通过采用在预设宽度和/或深度和/或高度内增设钢筋、钢构件和/或钢结构的方式获得。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁设置于所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板内部；和/或，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁设置于所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板内部，并且所述暗梁的部分外表面形成为所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板的部分外表面；和/或，所述暗梁中的至少部分暗梁贯穿所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，当所述上位板和/或下位板和/或中位板中所述暗梁数量为多个时，各个所述暗梁之间的投影和/或投影延长线之间的位置关系为重合和/或平行和/或 垂直和/或交叉。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述透空区间为一个或多个，并且所述透空区间的投影包括多边形，和/或所述透空区间的投影的至少部分边部为弧形；和/或，所述透空区间的投影包括矩形、圆形、椭圆形、弧边形、三角形、T型、L型、多个矩形和/或异形。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述透空区间设置有金属板、金属格网、钢格栅和/或铁篦子；和/或，所述透空区间设置有水平向防火封闭装置；和/或，透空区间周边附近围合垂直向防火封闭装置。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，还包括：支撑梁，所述支撑梁的至少部分连接于所述暗梁，所述支撑梁贯穿所述透空区域中的至少一个。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述支撑梁至少包括第一支撑梁，所述第一支撑梁贯穿所述中位板与所述围合墙之间的透空区域，其中，所述第一支撑梁的一端连接于所述围合墙，所述第一支撑梁的另一端连接于所述暗梁。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述支撑梁至少包括第二支撑梁，所述第二支撑梁贯穿所述中位板的中部所形成的透空区域，其中，所述第二支撑梁的一端连接于所述中位板的中部的透空区域一侧，所述第二支撑梁的另一端连接于所述中位板的中部的透空区域的另一侧。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，第一支撑梁和/或第二支撑梁与所述暗梁相连接，以使得所述第一支撑梁和/或第二支撑梁与所述暗梁形成贯穿所述中位板的结构。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，还包括：竖向壁柱，所述竖向壁柱设置于所述围合墙的侧壁，所述第一支 撑梁的一端连接于所述竖向壁柱。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，还包括：横向卧梁，所述横向卧梁设置于所述围合墙的侧壁和/或所述上位板、下位板之间的腰部，所述第一支撑梁的一端连接于所述横向卧梁。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述支撑梁至少部分或者全部取消。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的机动或非机动车库，其特征在于，所述暗梁至少部分或者全部取消。
  17. 一种建筑物，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-16中任一项所述的机动或非机动车库。
PCT/CN2022/117916 2022-03-23 2022-09-08 机动或非机动车库及建筑物 WO2023178934A1 (zh)

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CN217175989U (zh) * 2022-03-23 2022-08-12 刘星东 机动或非机动车库及建筑物
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