WO2023159698A1 - 一种高活性催化剂的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种高活性催化剂的合成方法 Download PDF

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WO2023159698A1
WO2023159698A1 PCT/CN2022/081355 CN2022081355W WO2023159698A1 WO 2023159698 A1 WO2023159698 A1 WO 2023159698A1 CN 2022081355 W CN2022081355 W CN 2022081355W WO 2023159698 A1 WO2023159698 A1 WO 2023159698A1
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catalyst
carbon nanotubes
solution
edta
carbon nanotube
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沈宇栋
万仁涛
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无锡东恒新能源科技有限公司
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    • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/16—Preparation
    • C01B32/162—Preparation characterised by catalysts
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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    • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
    • B01J2523/20—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group II (IIA or IIB) of the Periodic Table
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    • B01J2523/80—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group VIII of the Periodic Table
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a synthesis method of a highly active catalyst, which belongs to the technical field of catalysts.
  • carbon nanotubes have been widely used in industries such as lithium batteries for new energy vehicles. This is due to its excellent thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength.
  • the one-dimensional structure of carbon nanotubes can enhance the bonding of active materials and improve the performance of pole pieces. Therefore, it has great application prospects in new energy batteries.
  • the current methods of synthesizing carbon nanotubes mainly include arc discharge method, thermal decomposition method, chemical vapor deposition method and so on. Compared with other preparation methods, the chemical vapor deposition method shows better advantages and has achieved large-scale industrial application. This is due to the advantages of this method, such as the lower growth temperature of carbon nanotubes, easy regulation and optimization of reaction conditions.
  • the preparation of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition needs to be completed under the action of a catalyst.
  • the catalysts currently used in this method mainly include iron-based catalysts and other transition metal catalysts, but the existing reported catalysts have a low yield of synthesizing carbon nanotubes. 1.
  • the metal residues in the prepared carbon nanotubes are relatively high, and subsequent processes such as pickling and purification are required, resulting in technical defects of high preparation costs.
  • the currently reported catalysts have low yields for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, high metal residues in the prepared carbon nanotubes, and subsequent processes such as acid washing and purification are required, resulting in high production costs.
  • the length of carbon nanotubes synthesized in existing reports is relatively short, mostly 5-30 microns; while there are few reports of carbon nanotubes with a length of hundreds of microns or even millimeters, and the synthesis is relatively difficult.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube catalyst with high activity, adopts citric acid-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complexation method, described method comprises the steps:
  • EDTA is dissolved in ammonia water to obtain EDTA ammonia solution; solution A is mixed with EDTA ammonia solution to obtain mixed solution B; then, mixed solution B is placed in an open porcelain element dish and placed in a muffle furnace for 50 °C carbonization for 30 minutes; after that, roast in a muffle furnace at 450 °C for 240 minutes, pass through a sieve and crush to form a powder catalyst; wherein, the molar ratio of EDTA to metal precursor salt is (0.35-0.75):1.
  • the metal precursor salt in step (1) is a mixture of Mg 2+ salt, Al 3+ salt, Fe 3+ salt, and Co 2+ salt.
  • the mass fraction of ammonia water is 25 wt %; the mass ratio of ammonia water to EDTA is (4-7):1.
  • step (1) is specifically: 102.6g magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 30g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, 8.9g ferric nitrate nonahydrate, 5.2g cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, 585g pure water, 100g lemon Mix the acids, stir and dissolve in a constant temperature water bath at 92°C to obtain a mixed solution; then add 0.71 g of ammonium heptamolybdate to it, stir to dissolve, continue to stir and heat to concentrate to a solution volume of 500 mL, and cool to room temperature to obtain solution A.
  • step (2) is specifically: dissolving 83.6g EDTA in 493.1g of ammonia water with a mass fraction of 25wt% to obtain EDTA ammonia solution; mixing solution A with EDTA ammonia solution to obtain mixed Liquid B.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a carbon nanotube catalyst with high activity prepared by the aforementioned method.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the aforementioned highly active carbon nanotube catalyst in the preparation of carbon nanotubes by cracking olefin gas.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the yield of carbon nanotubes prepared by olefin gas cracking, which uses the aforementioned carbon nanotube catalyst with high activity, and the method comprises the steps of:
  • the fifth object of the present invention is to provide a carbon nanotube, in which the residual metal element is not higher than 0.6%, and its structure is an ultra-long bundle structure.
  • the present invention uses a two-step complexation method of citric acid (CA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ammonia solution to synthesize a highly active metal oxide catalyst for synthesizing carbon nanotubes.
  • the yield of carbon nanotubes obtained by the high-efficiency catalyst per unit catalyst metal element weight of the present invention is not less than 169g/g, and the highest can reach 246g/g, that is, about 0.4% of the metal remains in the carbon nanotubes, which can reduce or even avoid carbon nanotubes.
  • the purification treatment of the tube reduces the production cost of the carbon nanotube.
  • the catalyst prepared by the two-step complexation method based on CA-EDTA ammonia solution of the present invention presents a loose sheet-like stacking mode, so that the carbon nanotubes grown by it are in an ultra-long bundle shape, which greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the catalyst; more uniform The distribution of active centers makes it fully utilized to obtain higher yields of carbon nanotubes.
  • the characteristic structure of the carbon nanotubes prepared by the present invention is an ultra-long bundle, the length of the carbon nanotubes can reach more than 50 microns, the aspect ratio is large, electric conduction, thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties can be used as carbon fibers and Lithium battery anode material and conductive agent.
  • Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and the scale bar is 1 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and the scale bar is 5 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes synthesized by using the catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and the scale bar is 2 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes synthesized by using the catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and the scale bar is 10 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes synthesized by using the catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and the scale bar is 20 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes synthesized by using the catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and the scale bar is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the mass fraction of ammonia water in each embodiment and comparative example is 25wt%, reagent grade ammonia solution.
  • the productive rate of carbon nanotube carbon nanotube weight/catalyst metal element weight
  • a preparation method for synthesizing a carbon nanotube catalyst comprising the steps of:
  • the method for preparing carbon nanotubes by using the catalyst obtained in Example 1 is as follows:
  • Example 1 can successfully prepare the product carbon nanotube, the weight of the obtained carbon nanotube product is 6.6 g, and the bulk density is 0.006 g/ml.
  • the yield of carbon nanotubes obtained from the catalyst of Example 1 per unit weight of catalyst metal element was 169 g/g.
  • the remaining iron and cobalt metal elements in carbon nanotubes are about 0.6%.
  • a preparation method for synthesizing a carbon nanotube catalyst with reference to Example 1, the only difference is that the consumption of EDTA and ammonia is adjusted, specifically:
  • Example 2 The method for preparing carbon nanotubes using the catalyst prepared in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1.
  • the scanning electron micrographs of the powdered catalyst of Example 2 and its prepared carbon nanotubes are shown in Figures 1-2 and 3-4, respectively.
  • the catalyst of the present invention presents a loose sheet-like packing mode and a more uniform distribution of active centers.
  • the distribution of active centers improves the activity of the catalyst, obtains a higher yield of carbon nanotubes, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the catalyst.
  • the carbon nanotubes prepared by the invention have good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties, and can be used as lithium battery negative electrode materials and conductive agents.
  • the carbon nanotube product obtained in Example 2 has a weight of 9.6 g and a bulk density of 0.006 g/ml.
  • the yield of carbon nanotubes obtained from the catalyst of Example 2 per unit weight of catalyst metal element is 246 g/g.
  • the remaining iron and cobalt metal elements in carbon nanotubes are about 0.4%.
  • a preparation method for synthesizing a carbon nanotube catalyst with reference to Example 1, the only difference is that the consumption of EDTA and ammonia is adjusted, specifically:
  • Example 3 The method for preparing carbon nanotubes using the catalyst prepared in Example 3 is the same as that in Example 1.
  • the carbon nanotube product obtained in Example 3 has a weight of 7.8 g and a bulk density of 0.006 g/ml.
  • the yield of carbon nanotubes obtained from the catalyst of Example 3 per unit weight of catalyst metal element is 200 g/g.
  • the remaining iron and cobalt metal elements in carbon nanotubes are about 0.5%.
  • the productive rate of the carbon nanotube that embodiment 2 makes is the highest, up to 246g/g, shows that the content of EDTA and ammoniacal liquor of embodiment 2 is optimal, too high or too low may cause catalyst
  • the structure of the carbon nanotubes changes, which affects its catalytic activity for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes.
  • a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing carbon nanotubes referring to Example 2, the difference is only that the amount of EDTA is adjusted so that the molar ratio of EDTA to metal precursor salt is lower than 0.35:1.
  • the molar ratio of EDTA to metal precursor salt is 0.3:1.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 1 was 3.3 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained from the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 per unit catalyst metal element weight was 85 g/g.
  • a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing carbon nanotubes referring to Example 2, the difference is only that the amount of EDTA is adjusted so that the molar ratio of EDTA to metal precursor salt is higher than 0.75:1.
  • the molar ratio of EDTA to metal precursor salt is 0.8:1.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 2 was 5.1 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained from the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 per unit catalyst metal element weight was 131 g/g.
  • a preparation method for synthesizing a carbon nanotube catalyst referring to Example 2, the difference is only that the amount of ammonia water is adjusted so that the mass ratio of ammonia water to EDTA is lower than 4:1, for example, the mass ratio of ammonia water to EDTA is 3:1.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 3 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 3 was 5.4 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained by the catalyst of Comparative Example 3 per unit catalyst metal element weight is only 138 g/g.
  • a preparation method for synthesizing a carbon nanotube catalyst referring to Example 2, the difference is only that the amount of ammonia water is adjusted so that the mass ratio of ammonia water to EDTA is higher than 7:1, for example, the mass ratio of ammonia water to EDTA is 8:1.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 4 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 4 was 6.0 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained from the catalyst of Comparative Example 4 per unit catalyst metal element weight was 153.8 g/g.
  • a kind of preparation method of synthetic carbon nanotube catalyst with reference to embodiment 2, difference is only, only adjust the consumption of citric acid, make the mol ratio of citric acid and metal precursor salt be lower than 1:1, for example make citric acid and metal
  • the molar ratio of precursor salt is 0.7:1.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 5 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 5 was 2.6 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained by the catalyst of Comparative Example 5 per unit catalyst metal element weight is only 66.7 g/g.
  • a kind of preparation method of synthetic carbon nanotube catalyst with reference to embodiment 2, difference is only, only adjust the consumption of citric acid, make the mol ratio of citric acid and metal precursor salt higher than 1.5:1, for example make citric acid and metal
  • the molar ratio of precursor salt is 2:1.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 6 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 6 was 4.6 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained by the catalyst of Comparative Example 6 per unit catalyst metal element weight is only 118 g/g.
  • a kind of preparation method of synthetic carbon nanotube catalyst with reference to embodiment 2, difference is only, omits the addition of EDTA, adjusts the consumption of citric acid to be optimum consumption 149.9g (according to the carbon nanotube that the catalyst of unit catalyst metal element weight obtains determined by the highest tube yield).
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 7 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 7 was 1.8 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained by the catalyst of Comparative Example 7 per unit catalyst metal element weight is only 46 g/g.
  • a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing carbon nanotubes Referring to Example 2, the only difference is that the addition of citric acid is omitted, and the amount of EDTA is adjusted to an optimal amount of 98.78g.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 8 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes in the same manner as in Example 2. The results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 8 was 0.90 g. The yield of carbon nanotubes obtained by the catalyst of Comparative Example 8 per unit catalyst metal element weight is only 23 g/g.
  • a preparation method for synthesizing a carbon nanotube catalyst with reference to Example 2, the only difference is that first use EDTA ammonia solution for complexation, then add citric acid for complexation, specifically:
  • step (3) Pour the solution B obtained in step (1) into the citric acid aqueous solution, put it in a 92°C constant temperature water bath, stir the tetrafluoro paddle mechanically at 400rpm, heat and concentrate until the solution volume is the same as step (3) in Example 1 The resulting mixture was equal in volume. After taking out the beaker and cooling to normal temperature, weigh 30g of the solution and put it into an open porcelain element dish. After the muffle furnace is heated to a constant temperature of 500°C, put the above-mentioned porcelain element dish containing the solution into the muffle furnace for carbonization for 30 minutes to form a loose and porous catalyst precursor. After the carbonization is completed, set the temperature of the muffle furnace to 450°C. Constant temperature roasting 240min. The product is sieved through an 80-mesh sieve and crushed to form a powder catalyst.
  • the catalyst of Comparative Example 9 was used to prepare carbon nanotubes.
  • the results showed that the weight of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 9 was only 0.3 g, and almost no carbon nanotubes were produced.

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Abstract

提供一种碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，该催化剂用于烯烃类气体裂解制备碳纳米管。使用柠檬酸(CA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)氨溶液两步络合法，经炭化、焙烧处理，粉碎过筛制得高活性的金属氧化物催化剂，用于合成碳纳米管。该催化剂的制备工艺简单、稳定性好、结构适宜、催化活性较好，经试验成功得到了高性能的碳纳米管，且单位催化剂金属元素重量的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为169-246g/g，具有较好的经济效益。

Description

一种高活性催化剂的合成方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高活性催化剂的合成方法，属于催化剂技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，碳纳米管作为优良的导电剂，已在新能源汽车锂电池等行业得到广泛应用。这是由于其具有优异的导热、导电性及较好的机械强度等优点。此外碳纳米管的一维结构可以增强活性材料的粘结的同时还可以改善极片的性能。因此被用于新能源电池方面有很大的应用前景。当前合成碳纳米管的方法主要有电弧放电法、热分解法、化学气相沉积法等。相较于其它制备方法，化学气相沉积法表现出较好的优越性，已实现大规模的工业化应用。这归因于采用此法碳纳米管的生长温度较低、易于调控及优化反应条件等优点。
化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管需要在催化剂的作用下完成，当前用于此法的催化剂主要有铁系催化剂及其他过渡金属催化剂，但是现有报道的催化剂存在合成碳纳米管的产率较低、制得的碳纳米管中金属残留较高，后续还需要酸洗提纯等过程，导致制备成本高昂的技术缺陷。
发明内容
[技术问题]
现有报道的催化剂存在合成碳纳米管的产率较低、制得的碳纳米管中金属残留较高，后续还需要酸洗提纯等过程，导致制备成本高昂的技术缺陷。
此外，现有报道合成的碳纳米管的长度较短，大多是5～30微米；而数百微米甚至毫米级长度的碳纳米管的报道很少，并且合成比较困难。
[技术方案]
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，采用柠檬酸-乙二胺四乙酸络合法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将金属前驱体盐、纯水、柠檬酸混合，制备得到混合溶液，然后向其中加入七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，得到柠檬酸盐混合液；将所述柠檬酸盐混合液于水浴搅拌浓缩，冷却得到溶液A；其中，柠檬酸与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比为(1～1.5)：1；
(2)将EDTA溶解于氨水中，得到EDTA氨溶液；将溶液A与EDTA氨溶液混合，得 到混合液B；然后，将混合液B置于敞口瓷元皿内，于马弗炉中500℃碳化30min；之后，于马弗炉中450℃焙烧240min，经过筛网过筛破碎形成粉末状催化剂；其中，EDTA与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比为(0.35～0.75):1。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，步骤(1)中的所述金属前驱体盐为Mg 2+盐、Al 3+盐、Fe 3+盐、Co 2+盐的混合物。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，氨水的质量分数为25wt％；氨水与EDTA质量比为(4～7):1。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，步骤(1)具体为：将102.6g六水硝酸镁、30g九水硝酸铝、8.9g九水硝酸铁、5.2g六水硝酸钴、585g纯水、100g柠檬酸混合，于92℃恒温水浴搅拌溶解，得到混合溶液；然后向其中加入0.71g七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，继续搅拌加热浓缩至溶液体积为500mL，冷却至常温，得到溶液A。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，步骤(2)具体为：将83.6g EDTA溶解于493.1g的质量分数为25wt％的氨水中，得到EDTA氨溶液；将溶液A与EDTA氨溶液混合，得到混合液B。
本发明的第二目的在于提供前述的方法制得的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂。
本发明的第三目的在于提供前述的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂在烯烃类气体裂解制备碳纳米管中的应用。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种提高烯烃类气体裂解制备碳纳米管的产率的方法，其应用前述的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂，所述方法包括如下步骤：
将前述的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂置于管式炉中，惰性气体保护下升温至300℃；待温度达到300℃后，持续通入1000sccm氢气，并以10℃/min升温至700℃；待温度达到700℃后，持续通入300sccm乙烯、300sccm氮气、100sccm氢气的混合气，恒温反应60min，然后降温，即可制得碳纳米管。
本发明的第五目的在于提供一种碳纳米管，其中金属元素残留不高于0.6％，其结构为超长束状结构。
有益效果：
(1)本发明使用柠檬酸(CA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)氨溶液两步络合法，合成高活性的金属氧化物催化剂，用于合成碳纳米管。本发明的单位催化剂金属元素重量的高效催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率不低于169g/g，最高可达246g/g，即碳纳米管中金属残留大约0.4％，可以减少甚至避免碳纳米管的提纯处理，降低了碳纳米管生产成本。
(2)本发明基于CA-EDTA氨溶液两步络合法制备的催化剂呈现出松散片状堆积模式，使得其生长的碳纳米管呈超长束状，大大提高了催化剂的利用效率；较均匀的活性中心分布，使得其可以被充分利用，得到较高产率的碳纳米管。
(3)本发明基于CA-EDTA氨溶液两步络合法制备催化剂工艺简单，大大降低了生产成本，提高了企业生产利润。
(4)本发明制备得到的碳纳米管的特征结构为超长束状，碳纳米管的长度可达50微米以上，长径比大、导电、导热且机械性能良好，可以被使用作为碳纤维以及锂电池负极材料及导电剂。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2制备的催化剂的扫描电镜图，标尺为1μm。
图2为本发明实施例2制备的催化剂的扫描电镜图，标尺为5μm。
图3为应用本发明实施例2制得的催化剂合成的碳纳米管的扫描电镜图，标尺为2μm。
图4为应用本发明实施例2制得的催化剂合成的碳纳米管的扫描电镜图，标尺为10μm。
图5为应用本发明实施例2制得的催化剂合成的碳纳米管的扫描电镜图，标尺为20μm。
图6为应用本发明实施例2制得的催化剂合成的碳纳米管的扫描电镜图，标尺为50μm。
具体实施方式
各实施例与对比例中的氨水的质量分数为25wt％、试剂级的氨水溶液。
碳纳米管的产率＝碳纳米管重量/催化剂金属元素重量；
催化剂金属元素重量＝催化剂重量*铁钴元素/所有元素＝0.13*催化剂重量。
实施例1
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)向1L烧杯内依次加入102.6g六水硝酸镁、30g九水硝酸铝、8.9g九水硝酸铁、5.2g六水硝酸钴、585g纯水、100g柠檬酸，放入92℃恒温水浴锅内，四氟桨叶以400rpm机械搅拌溶解原料，然后加入0.71g七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，继续搅拌加热浓缩至溶液液位为500mL。取出烧杯冷却至常温，得到溶液A。
(2)向1L烧杯内依次加入60.8g EDTA、359g氨水，常温搅拌溶解形成EDTA氨溶液。
(3)将溶液A倒入EDTA氨溶液中，继续搅拌30min，然后称取30g溶液装入敞口瓷元皿内。马弗炉升温至500℃恒温后，将上述装有溶液的瓷元皿放入马弗炉内碳化30min以形成疏松多孔的催化剂前驱体，碳化完成后将马弗炉的温度设置为450℃，恒温焙烧240min。产物经过80目筛网过筛破碎形成粉末状催化剂。
应用实施例1制得的催化剂制备碳纳米管的方法如下：
称取0.3g制备得到的粉末状催化剂置于φ60mm管式炉中间区域，1000sccm氮气保护以升温速率为10℃/min升温至300℃，开始持续通入1000sccm氢气，继续以升温速率为10℃/min升温至700℃，待达到700℃后，开始通入300sccm乙烯、300sccm氮气、100sccm氢气的混合气，恒温反应60分钟。降温然后取出产物——碳纳米管。
结果表明，实施例1的催化剂能够成功制备得到产物碳纳米管，所得碳纳米管产物的重量为6.6g、堆密度为0.006g/ml。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的实施例1的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为169g/g。碳纳米管中铁钴金属元素残留约为0.6％。
实施例2
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例1，区别仅在于，调整EDTA与氨水的用量，具体地：
(1)向1L烧杯内依次加入102.6g六水硝酸镁、30g九水硝酸铝、8.9g九水硝酸铁、5.2g六水硝酸钴、585g纯水、100g柠檬酸，放入92℃恒温水浴锅内，四氟桨叶以400rpm机械搅拌溶解原料，然后加入0.71g七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，继续搅拌加热浓缩至溶液液位为500mL。取出烧杯冷却至常温，得到溶液A。
(2)向1L烧杯内依次加入83.6g EDTA、493.1g氨水，常温搅拌溶解形成EDTA氨溶液。
(3)将溶液A倒入EDTA氨溶液中，继续搅拌30min，然后称取30g溶液装入敞口瓷元皿内。马弗炉升温至500℃恒温后，将上述装有溶液的瓷元皿放入马弗炉内碳化以形成疏松多孔的催化剂前驱体，500℃碳化30min完成后将马弗炉的温度设置为450℃，恒温焙烧240min。产物经过80目筛网过筛破碎形成粉末状催化剂。
应用实施例2制得的催化剂制备碳纳米管的方法同实施例1。
实施例2的粉末状催化剂及其制备的产物碳纳米管的扫描电镜图分别如图1-2和图3-4所示。如图1-2所示，本发明的催化剂呈现出松散片状堆积模式，较均匀的活性中心分布，该结构具有的作用：片状结构使得生长的碳纳米管成超长束状；较均匀的活性中心分布，使得催化剂的活性提升，得到较高产率的碳纳米管，大大提高了催化剂的利用效率。本发明制备得到的碳纳米管导电、导热且机械性能良好，可以被使用作为锂电池负极材料及导电剂。
结果表明，实施例2的催化剂能够成功制备得到产物碳纳米管，实施例2所得碳纳米管产物的重量为9.6g、堆密度为0.006g/ml。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的实施例2的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为246g/g。碳纳米管中铁钴金属元素残留约为0.4％。
实施例3
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例1，区别仅在于，调整EDTA与氨水的用量，具体地：
(1)向1L烧杯内依次加入102.6g六水硝酸镁、30g九水硝酸铝、8.9g九水硝酸铁、5.2g六水硝酸钴、585g纯水、100g柠檬酸，放入92℃恒温水浴锅内，四氟桨叶以400rpm机械搅拌溶解原料，然后加入0.71g七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，继续搅拌加热浓缩至溶液液位为500mL。取出烧杯冷却至常温，得到溶液A。
(2)向1L烧杯内依次加入98.78g EDTA、582.8g氨水，常温搅拌溶解形成EDTA氨溶液。
(3)将溶液A倒入EDTA氨溶液中，继续搅拌30min，然后称取30g溶液装入敞口瓷元皿内。马弗炉升温至500℃恒温后，将上述装有溶液的瓷元皿放入马弗炉内碳化30min以形成疏松多孔的催化剂前驱体，碳化完成后将马弗炉的温度设置为450℃，恒温焙烧240min。产物经过80目筛网过筛破碎形成粉末状催化剂。
应用实施例3制得的催化剂制备碳纳米管的方法同实施例1。
结果表明，实施例3的催化剂能够成功制备得到产物碳纳米管，实施例3所得碳纳米管产物的重量为7.8g、堆密度为0.006g/ml。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的实施例3的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为200g/g。碳纳米管中铁钴金属元素残留约为0.5％。
从实施例1-3可以分析出，实施例2制得的碳纳米管的产率最高，高达246g/g，表明实施例2的EDTA与氨水的含量最优，过高或过低可能导致催化剂的结构发生变化，从而影响其催化合成碳纳米管的活性。
对比例1
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，仅调整EDTA的用量，使得EDTA与金属前驱体盐摩尔比低于0.35:1。例如，EDTA与金属前驱体盐摩尔比为0.3:1。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例1的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例1所得产物碳纳米管的重量为3.3g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例1的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为85g/g。
对比例2
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，仅调整EDTA的用量，使得EDTA与金属前驱体盐摩尔比高于0.75:1。例如，EDTA与金属前驱体盐摩尔比为0.8:1。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例2的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例2所得产物碳纳米管的重量为5.1g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例2的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为131g/g。
从实施例1-3、对比例1-2对比分析可见，EDTA与金属前驱体盐摩尔比的最优范围为0.35～0.75:1，在此范围之内，可成功制备得到6.6g～9.6g产物碳纳米管，单位催化剂金属元素重量的高效催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率不低于169g/g；超出该范围之外，则无法实现前述效果。
对比例3
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，仅调整氨水的用量，使得氨水与EDTA质量比低于4:1，例如使氨水与EDTA质量比为3:1。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例3的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例3所得产物碳纳米管的重量为5.4g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例3的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率仅为138g/g。
对比例4
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，仅调整氨水的用量，使得氨水与EDTA质量比高于7:1，例如使氨水与EDTA质量比为8:1。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例4的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例4所得产物碳纳米管的重量为6.0g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例4的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率为153.8g/g。
从实施例1-3、对比例3-4对比分析可见，氨水与EDTA质量比最优范围为4～7:1，可成功制备得到6.6g～9.6g碳纳米管，单位催化剂金属元素重量的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率不低于169g/g；超出该范围之外，则无法实现前述效果。
对比例5
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，仅调整柠檬酸的用量，使得柠檬酸与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比低于1:1，例如使柠檬酸与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比为0.7:1。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例5的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例5所得产物碳纳米管的重量为2.6g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例5的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率仅为66.7g/g。
对比例6
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，仅调整柠檬酸的用量，使得柠檬酸与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比高于1.5:1，例如使柠檬酸与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比为2:1。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例6的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例6所得产物碳纳米管的重量为4.6g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例6的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率仅为118g/g。
对比例7单独柠檬酸络合法
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，省略EDTA的添加，调整柠檬酸的用量为最优用量149.9g(根据单位催化剂金属元素重量的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率最高来确定)。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例7的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例7所得产物碳纳米管的重量为1.8g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例7的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率仅为46g/g。
分析实施例2与对比例7可以发现，省略EDTA络合剂后，制备得到的催化剂的催化活性(单位催化剂金属元素重量的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率)显著降低，表明EDTA的添加对于本发明的催化剂活性的提升产生了预料不到的影响。
对比例8单独EDTA络合法
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，省略柠檬酸的添加，调整EDTA的用量为最优用量98.78g。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例8的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例8 所得产物碳纳米管的重量为0.90g。由单位催化剂金属元素重量的对比例8的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率仅为23g/g。
分析实施例2与对比例8可以发现，省略柠檬酸后，制备得到的催化剂的催化活性(单位单位催化剂金属元素重量的催化剂所获得的碳纳米管产率)显著降低，表明柠檬酸的添加对于本发明的催化剂活性的提升产生了预料不到的影响。
对比例9
一种合成碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，参照实施例2，区别仅在于，先使用EDTA氨溶液络合，然后加入柠檬酸络合，具体地：
(1)向1L烧杯内依次加入称取102.6g六水硝酸镁、30g九水硝酸铝、8.9g九水硝酸铁、5.2g六水硝酸钴、585g纯水，然后加入83.6g EDTA、493.1g氨水，搅拌溶解，加入0.71g七钼酸铵，常温搅拌30min以充分溶解，得到溶液B。
(2)称取100g柠檬酸配置成水溶液；
(3)将步骤(1)所得溶液B倒入柠檬酸水溶液中，放入92℃恒温水浴锅内，四氟桨叶以400rpm机械搅拌，加热浓缩至溶液体积与实施例1中步骤(3)得到的混合液等体积。取出烧杯冷却至常温后，称取30g溶液装入敞口瓷元皿内。马弗炉升温至500℃恒温后，将上述装有溶液的瓷元皿放入马弗炉内碳化30min以形成疏松多孔的催化剂前驱体，碳化完成后将马弗炉的温度设置为450℃，恒温焙烧240min。产物经过80目筛网过筛破碎形成粉末状催化剂。
按照与实施例2相同的方法利用对比例9的催化剂制备碳纳米管，结果表明，对比例9所得产物碳纳米管的重量仅为0.3g，几乎未见碳纳米管产物生成。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，采用柠檬酸-乙二胺四乙酸两步络合法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)将金属前驱体盐、纯水、柠檬酸混合，制备得到混合溶液，然后向其中加入七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，得到柠檬酸盐混合液；将所述柠檬酸盐混合液于水浴搅拌浓缩，冷却得到溶液A；其中，柠檬酸与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比为(1～1.5)：1；
    (2)将EDTA溶解于氨水中，得到EDTA氨溶液；将溶液A与EDTA氨溶液混合，得到混合液B；然后，将混合液B置于敞口瓷元皿内，于马弗炉中500℃碳化30min；之后，于马弗炉中450℃焙烧240min，经过筛网过筛破碎形成粉末状催化剂；其中，EDTA与金属前驱体盐的摩尔比为(0.35～0.75):1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中的所述金属前驱体盐为Mg 2+盐、Al 3+盐、Fe 3+盐、Co 2+盐的混合物。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，氨水的质量分数为25wt％；氨水与EDTA质量比为(4～7):1。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)具体为：将102.6g六水硝酸镁、30g九水硝酸铝、8.9g九水硝酸铁、5.2g六水硝酸钴、585g纯水、100g柠檬酸混合，于92℃恒温水浴搅拌溶解，得到混合溶液；然后向其中加入0.71g七钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，继续搅拌加热浓缩至溶液体积为500mL，冷却至常温，得到溶液A。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)具体为：将83.6g EDTA溶解于493.1g的质量分数为25wt％的氨水中，得到EDTA氨溶液；将溶液A与EDTA氨溶液混合，得到混合液B。
  6. 权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法制得的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂。
  7. 权利要求6所述的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂在烯烃类气体裂解制备碳纳米管中的应用。
  8. 一种提高烯烃类气体裂解制备碳纳米管的产率的方法，其特征在于，应用权利要求6所述的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    将权利要求6所述的具有高活性的碳纳米管催化剂置于管式炉中，惰性气体保护下升温至300℃；待温度达到300℃后，持续通入1000sccm氢气，并以10℃/min升温至700℃；待温度达到700℃后，持续通入300sccm乙烯、300sccm氮气、100sccm氢气的混合气，恒温反应60min，然后降温，即可制得碳纳米管。
  9. 权利要求8所述的方法制得的碳纳米管，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管中金属元素残留不高于0.6％，其结构为超长束状结构。
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