WO2023149268A1 - 穀粉組成物及び生地食品 - Google Patents
穀粉組成物及び生地食品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023149268A1 WO2023149268A1 PCT/JP2023/001966 JP2023001966W WO2023149268A1 WO 2023149268 A1 WO2023149268 A1 WO 2023149268A1 JP 2023001966 W JP2023001966 W JP 2023001966W WO 2023149268 A1 WO2023149268 A1 WO 2023149268A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flour
- mass
- dough
- tannase
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/24—Organic nitrogen compounds
- A21D2/26—Proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
- A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/104—Fermentation of farinaceous cereal or cereal material; Addition of enzymes or microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to flour compositions and dough foods.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe modifying enzymes such as xylanase in bran in order to improve water retention.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an enzyme preparation for liberating ferulic acid from plant materials, which contains an enzyme having ferulic acid esterase activity and at least one enzyme selected from arabinofrasidase and xylanase. Enzyme formulations are described that On the other hand, Patent Document 4 describes that tannase is used in oral compositions.
- bakery foods such as bread and confectionery and noodles contain grain flour with a relatively high ash content, such as whole grain flour, brown rice, and bran (skin). Because it has a Due to recent health consciousness, the use of cereal flours containing relatively high ash content, such as whole grains, brown rice, and bran, is progressing. For this reason, it is desired to reduce the harshness and odor described above. Also, bakery foods such as bread and confectionery and noodles are sometimes required to have extensibility and/or elasticity of the dough, and a soft, elastic or sticky texture. On the other hand, Patent Documents 1 to 4 do not consider the above problems.
- An object of the present invention is to provide the following (1) or (2).
- the present invention provides a flour composition containing flour and an enzyme belonging to the tannase family and having a tannase activity of 0.1 kU/g or more and 60 kU/g or less per gram of flour.
- the cereal flour composition preferably contains 10 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less of the enzyme on a mass basis with respect to the total amount of cereal flour.
- the grain flour preferably contains at least one selected from whole grain flour, bran, and grain flour other than whole grain flour having an ash content of 0.7% by mass or more.
- the grain flour preferably has an ash content of 0.5% by mass or more.
- the present invention also provides a dough food using the flour composition.
- the present invention provides a flour composition containing flour and an enzyme belonging to the tannase family and having a tannase activity of 0.1 kU/g or more and 60 kU/g or less per 1 g of the flour.
- the flour composition of the present invention contains enzymes belonging to the tannase family.
- Enzymes belonging to the tannase family include some tannases and ferulic acid esterases.
- Enzymes belonging to the tannase family in the present invention may have other enzymatic activities such as ferulic acid esterase in addition to the tannase activity.
- the flour composition of the present invention contains an enzyme belonging to the tannase family and has tannase activity resulting from having the enzyme.
- tannase activity refers to the activity of acting on and hydrolyzing molecules having depsid bonds, such as tannic acid, gallic acid esters, digallic acid, gallotannin, and ellagitannin.
- the degree of enzyme activity is not particularly limited as long as the flour composition of the present invention has a tannase activity of "0.1 kU/g or more and 60 kU/g or less".
- the reason why the flour composition of the present invention can modify the physical properties and texture of the dough by having the above tannase activity is that the enzyme belonging to the tannase family cuts out polyphenols and ferulic acid, which is one of polyphenols and one of them.
- One of the reasons is considered to be that the hydrophobic interaction between proteins is improved by the reducing action of ferulic acid.
- the reason why the grain flour composition of the present invention can reduce harsh taste and odor by having the above-mentioned tannase activity is that the polymer of polyphenols, which is one of the causative substances of harsh taste, is reduced in molecular weight. It is conceivable that it makes the taste bitter.
- the flour composition of the present invention has a tannase activity of 0.1 kU / g or more per 1 g of flour, so that it can be used in dough foods such as bakery foods and noodles using the flour composition, such as whole grains, bran, brown rice, etc. It is possible to reduce the harshness of cereal flours with relatively high ash content and odors such as bran odor. In addition, in the above-mentioned dough food, it becomes easy to obtain a dough physical property with elasticity and/or extensibility and a texture that is soft and has good elasticity or stickiness.
- the physical properties of the fabric referred to in this specification can be evaluated as the feel of the fabric when handling the fabric.
- the grain flour composition of the present invention has a tannase activity of 60 kU / g or less per 1 g of grain flour, so that in dough foods using the grain flour composition, the harsh taste of grain flour with a relatively high ash content and the smell of bran It is possible to reduce the price of the product while sufficiently obtaining the effect of the reduction of the , the physical properties of the dough with elasticity and / or extensibility, and the texture that is soft and has good elasticity or stickiness.
- the tannase activity in the flour composition is preferably 0.1 kU/g or more and 60 kU/g or less, more preferably 0.3 kU/g or more and 13 kU/g or less per 1 g of flour, and 0.7 kU/g or more. , 6.0 kU/g or less.
- the tannase activity of the flour composition is the amount measured by the following method.
- ⁇ Tannase activity measurement method> The method of Deschamps (J. Ferment. Technol. 61 [1] 55-59, 1983) is modified to measure the tannase activity of the flour composition.
- the wheat flour used for tannase activity measurement it is preferable to use Nisshin Flour Milling's brand name "Million". If the flour composition has an amount of an enzyme belonging to the tannase family that has a tannase activity of 0.1 kU / g or more and 60 kU / g or less per 1 g of flour when measured by the above method, per 1 g of flour, It shall have the tannase activity.
- the present inventor actually measured the difference in absorbance before and after adding the enzyme for the cereal flour of each example instead of using the above-described standard wheat flour, and measured the difference in absorbance. It has also been confirmed that the activity value of 0.1 kU/g or more and 60 kU/g or less is satisfied.
- the cereal flour composition of the present invention preferably contains 10 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less of an enzyme belonging to the tannase family on a mass basis with respect to the total amount of cereal flour.
- the grain flour composition contains 10 ppm or more of an enzyme belonging to the tannase family, so that in dough foods using the grain flour composition, the harshness of relatively ash-rich grain flours such as whole grains, bran, and brown rice, and the smell of bran. can be more effectively mitigated.
- the flour composition contains 10 ppm or more of an enzyme belonging to the tannase family relative to the total amount of the flour, so that the dough food using the flour composition has a soft, elastic or sticky texture. can be obtained effectively.
- the grain flour composition of the present invention contains 10000 ppm or less of an enzyme belonging to the tannase family on a mass basis with respect to the total amount of grain flour, thereby reducing harshness and bran odor, and further improving the physical properties and texture of the dough. It's easy to do.
- the flour composition of the present invention more preferably contains 10 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less of the enzyme belonging to the tannase family on a mass basis with respect to the total amount of the flour, and considering the effect and the cost increase due to the addition of the enzyme. , more preferably 50 ppm or more and 2000 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 100 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less.
- the enzyme belonging to the tannase family used in the present invention is preferably not a modified enzyme that has been modified in order to obtain the ability to simultaneously hydrolyze non-polar lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids.
- examples of enzyme modification include modifying the enzyme by random mutagenesis (U.S. Pat. No. 4,814,331, WO93/01285 and WO95/22615), and site-directed mutagenesis to modify the enzyme. (WO97/04079) and the like. Modifications are thus artificial insertions, deletions or substitutions of amino acids within the structural portion of the amino acid chain of the enzyme.
- Enzymes belonging to the tannase family used in the present invention are derived from actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, and bacteria, and are preferably derived from Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) in terms of availability and price.
- enzymes belonging to the tannase family may be derived from microorganisms, but are preferably isolated and purified from microorganisms in terms of purity.
- the flour composition contains an enzyme belonging to the tannase family
- the sake lees preferably does not contain the enzyme in terms of purity and the content of contaminating enzymes.
- the flour composition of the present invention is preferably obtained by directly mixing an enzyme belonging to the tannase family with other raw materials in order to uniformly mix them and exhibit the function of the enzyme.
- the other raw materials referred to here include raw material powder such as grain flour, water, and the like.
- the flour composition of the present invention comprises the steps of: a) adding water to a particulate cereal bran fraction to obtain a water content of less than 100% (w/w); treatment of the cereal bran fraction with an enzyme belonging to the tannase family.
- fine particles refer to particles having an average particle size of less than 3000 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size as used herein refers to the volume cumulative particle size D50 at a cumulative volume of 50% by volume when measured in a dry manner using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer.
- the flour composition of the present invention does not contain an enzyme belonging to the tannase family as an enzyme-treated product of Amla.
- the flour composition of the present invention preferably does not contain an enzyme belonging to the tannase family as an enzymatically treated tea or tea extract or as an enzymatically treated vanilla bean or vanilla bean extract.
- the flour composition of the present invention is not obtained through a step of mixing raw tea leaves whose enzymatic activity is not impaired or a processed product thereof with flour.
- the processed raw tea leaves are raw tea leaves as they are, crushed raw tea leaves crushed in the presence of water, slurry preparations prepared by preparing the raw tea leaves in a slurry form, or tea leaf extracts obtained by solid-liquid separation of the raw tea leaves.
- tea leaf extraction residues (1) raw tea leaf crushed product, (2) slurry preparation, (3) tea leaf extract and tea leaf extraction residue, (4) tea leaf extraction residue, (5) tea leaf extract and enzyme inactivation At least one selected from the group consisting of treated tea leaf extraction residue, (6) tea leaf extract, and (7) enzyme-inactivated tea leaf extract and tea leaf extraction residue.
- the flour composition of the present invention contains flour.
- cereal flours include cereal flour, by-products of cereal flour production, and cereal-derived proteins.
- Grains include soft flour, all-purpose flour, hard flour, durum wheat flour, buckwheat flour, rice flour, corn flour, barley flour, rye flour, pigeon flour, oat, barley flour, foxtail flour, soybean flour, and these grains. and whole grains.
- By-products of flour production include bran.
- Grain-derived proteins include gluten.
- bran refers to grain bran, and refers to the parts such as the pericarp, seed coat, and germ that appear when grains are refined.
- the bran the residue obtained by removing the endosperm from the grain produced in the milling process, or the residue obtained by further removing the germ can be used.
- Bran is sometimes called bran.
- Wheat bran is also sometimes called bran.
- the cereal flour is preferably one or more selected from cereal flour, bran and gluten, more preferably contains cereal flour or bran, and particularly preferably contains cereal flour.
- the total amount of cereal flour and bran should be 70% by mass or more in the cereal flour. is preferred, and 80% by mass or more is more preferred.
- Enzymes belonging to the tannase family obtain the effect of suppressing harsh taste and odor, and from the viewpoint of forming elastic and / or extensible dough physical properties and soft, elastic or sticky texture, among cereal flours,
- the mass ratio of the flour and bran is preferably 100:10-50, more preferably 100:20-45, and particularly preferably 100:25-40.
- cereal flour occupies among cereal flours.
- the proportion is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more.
- wheat flour or whole wheat flour is used as flour.
- wheat flour or whole wheat flour is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly more preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the amount of cereal flour of cereals other than wheat may be 20% by mass or more, and may be 50% by mass or more in the flour. , may be 70% by mass or more, particularly 80% by mass or more.
- the cereal flour contains wheat flour or whole wheat flour, or contains a cereal-derived protein such as gluten. .
- the total amount of the flour and the grain-derived protein should be 5% by mass or more in the grain flour. is preferred, and 10% by mass or more is more preferred.
- the mass ratio of the flour to the flour-derived protein is , 100:2 to 40, more preferably 100:5 to 10.
- the mass ratio is preferably 100: 2 to 40, and 100: 5 to 10. is more preferred.
- the crude protein content is preferably 5 to 15% by mass, more preferably 7 to 13% by mass, because the texture and physical properties of the resulting dough can be easily improved.
- Examples of the method for measuring the amount of crude protein include the method described in JP-A-2012-254052.
- the grain flour composition preferably contains at least one selected from whole grain flour, bran, and grain flour other than whole grain flour having an ash content of 0.7% by mass or more.
- whole grain flour any of the above-mentioned whole grains can be used as the whole grain, but in particular, wheat whole grain, brown rice flour, barley whole grain, rye whole grain, etc. are suitable in terms of the quality of the processed product. can give.
- whole wheat flour it is preferable to use whole wheat flour because it is easy to obtain the effect of improving the harsh taste due to the tendency to feel the harsh taste when the present invention is not applied.
- the ash content of whole grain flour is usually 0.7% by mass or more, preferably 0.7% by mass or more and 1.8% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.7% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less. be.
- bran such as wheat, barley, pigeon barley, oat, rye, etc., and bran of rice and millet can be used without limitation. It is preferable in that the effect of improving the harsh taste is likely to be obtained due to the fact that the harsh taste is easily perceived in some cases.
- Wheat bran is sometimes called bran.
- the ash content of bran (grain bran) is usually 0.7% by mass or more, may be 2.0% by mass or more, and preferably is 7.0% by mass or less.
- Grain flour with an ash content of 0.7% by mass or more other than whole wheat flour includes the above-mentioned wheat flour, buckwheat flour, rice flour, corn flour, barley flour, rye flour, pigeon flour, oat, barley flour, foxtail flour, soybean flour, etc.
- wheat flour examples include wheat flour such as Aodori (Nissin Flour Milling), Duerio (Nissin Flour Milling), and durum wheat semolina.
- the proportion of whole grain flour, bran and other flours with an ash content of 0.7% by mass or more in the flour composition is 20% by mass or more. , more preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the cereal flour in the cereal flour composition preferably has an ash content of 0.5% by mass or more because it is highly effective in reducing harshness and bran odor, and more preferably 0.7% by mass or more. preferable.
- the ash content of the flour is preferably 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.0% by mass or less.
- the cereal flour composition may or may not contain other ingredients besides cereal flour and enzymes belonging to the tannase family. If other ingredients are contained, the other ingredients include, for example, starches, sugars, fats and oils, proteins other than grain flour such as powdered milk and dried eggs, salt, swelling agents, yeast, thickeners, Examples include emulsifiers, eggshell calcium, enzymes, flavoring agents, spices, pigments, fragrances, and the like.
- the proportion of cereal flour in the cereal flour composition is 20% by mass or more, which reduces odors caused by harshness and bran odor, and has elastic and / or extensible dough physical properties and soft, elastic or sticky It is preferable in that a certain texture is easily obtained, and it is more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the flour composition of the present invention can be used for various food doughs.
- food dough include bakery food dough, noodle dough, and fried food coating dough.
- dough foods using food dough include bakery foods and noodles.
- a fermented dough obtained by mixing water and, if necessary, auxiliary materials such as starch, yeast or leavening agent (such as baking powder), salt, sugar, etc. or non-fermented dough.
- a bakery food refers to a food obtained by subjecting the dough for bakery food described above to heat treatment such as baking, steaming, and frying.
- Specific examples of bakery foods and their dough include breads; pizzas; cakes; fried confectionery such as donuts; Examples of bread include white bread, sweet bread, French bread, hard rolls, baguettes, and pastries. Cakes include bars, cookies, pancakes, hotcakes, and the like.
- the noodle dough is obtained by kneading the grain flour composition, water, and if necessary, auxiliary ingredients such as salt and starch, and is molded after rolling or extruded into the shape of noodles.
- auxiliary ingredients such as salt and starch
- Noodles can be obtained by drying the noodle dough or by heating such as boiling, steaming, or frying.
- Specific examples of noodles and their dough include soba, udon, cold barley, Chinese noodles, spaghetti, macaroni, ravioli, spring roll skin, gyoza skin, and the like, and their dough.
- Raw materials other than enzymes belonging to the tannase family and cereal flours in food dough include starches (starch and processed starch), sugars, oils and fats, proteins such as powdered milk and dried eggs, salt, leavening agents, yeast, and thickeners. , emulsifiers, eggshell calcium, enzymes, flavoring agents, spices, pigments, fragrances, water, eggs, liquid milk, and the like.
- the total amount of cereal flour derived from the cereal flour composition is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and even more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the flour derived from the flour composition may be in an amount that can ensure the amount of other ingredients, for example, in food dough, it is preferably 85% by mass or less, more preferably 75% by mass or less.
- the flour composition of the present invention for example, in addition to the flour composition, there is a method of mixing with other raw materials such as water and, if necessary, other materials to form a dough. mentioned.
- the dough food of the present invention is a bakery food or a noodle food.
- the effect of improving a certain texture can be favorably enhanced.
- breads, pizzas, steamed sweets, hot cakes, donuts, dorayaki, sponge Confectionery selected from cakes, butter cakes, pancakes, muffins, or noodles are preferred.
- the grain flour composition of the present invention can be used without particular limitation in applications where it is heated. Confectionery selected from dorayaki, sponge cake, butter cake, pancake, muffin, or noodles are preferable in terms of remarkably improving the physical properties of elastic and/or extensible dough and texture.
- the dough food is bread in terms of exhibiting the effect of improving the extensibility and elasticity of the dough.
- the volume of bakery foods such as bread can be increased.
- the food dough containing the flour composition has a water content of 15 to 70% by mass. , more preferably 15 to 50% by mass, even more preferably 20 to 30% by mass.
- the moisture content of the fabric can be measured by a heat drying method in which a sample is dried, for example, at 135° C. for 2 hours or at 105° C. for 5 hours, and the moisture content is calculated from the weight change before and after drying.
- a heat drying method in which a sample is dried, for example, at 135° C. for 2 hours or at 105° C. for 5 hours, and the moisture content is calculated from the weight change before and after drying.
- Example 1 Whole wheat flour (trade name “Super Fine Hard” manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., ash content 1.5% by mass) was used as the flour.
- As an enzyme belonging to the tannase family tannase manufactured by Amano Enzyme (trade name “Tannase-KTFHR”, tannase No. 1) was used.
- the tannase was mixed with whole wheat flour in an amount of 10 ppm on a mass basis to prepare a flour composition.
- the tannase activity of the flour composition was the amount shown in Table 1 determined by the method described above.
- the "proportion (%)" in Table 1 indicates the mass ratio in the total amount of cereal flour (the same applies to Tables 2 to 5).
- Examples 2 to 8, 10 A flour composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the flour was changed to that shown in Table 1 and the amount of tannase added to the total amount of flour was changed to the amount shown in Table 1. bottom. Table 1 also shows the tannase activity of the flour composition examined by the above method. Details of the cereal flours used in Examples 5 to 8 and 10 are as follows.
- ⁇ Whole grain rye flour Product name “Arlefine”, Fresh Food Service, ash content 1.5% by mass
- Flour 1 Product name “Million”, Nisshin Flour Milling, ash content 0.4% by mass
- Wheat flour 2 Using strong wheat as the raw material, it was milled with a test mill manufactured by Buehler at a yield of 850 ⁇ to prepare wheat flour with an ash content of 0.75% by mass, which was used as wheat flour 2.
- Wheat bran trade name “Wheat bran M”, fresh food service, ash content 5.9% by mass
- Wheat gluten trade name “Superglu 85H”, Japanese colloid, ash content 1.2% by mass
- Whole grain barley flour trade name “barley flour”, hakubaku, ash content 1.7% by mass
- Brown rice flour Product name “Brown rice flour”, Mitake food, ash content 1.2% by mass
- Example 9 As an enzyme belonging to the tannase family, tannase No. Instead of 1, tannase manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd. (trade name “Tannase”, tannase No. 2 listed in Table 1) was used, and the amount listed in Table 1 was mixed with whole wheat flour. A grain flour composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for this point.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the enzyme was not mixed with the cereal flour, and the cereal flour itself described in Table 1 was used as the cereal flour composition of the comparative example.
- the flours in Table 1 are the same as those used in Examples 1, 5 to 8 and 10, respectively.
- the flour compositions of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were subjected to the following bread-making evaluation.
- the bread dough thus obtained is fermented for 1 hour under conditions of a temperature of 27° C. and a relative humidity of 75%, divided into 450 g portions, and after a bench time of 30 minutes, the dough is shaped into a stick and packed in a bread mold. rice field. After proofing (at a temperature of 38° C. and a relative humidity of 85%) for 60 minutes, the bread was baked at a temperature of 200° C. for 30 minutes to obtain bread.
- Bran smell 1: Bran smell is sensed very strongly. 2: Bran smell is sensed. 3: Bran smell is sensed a little. 4: Bran smell is sensed slightly. 5: No bran smell is felt.
- Examples 1 to 4, 9 and Comparative Example 1, Example 5 and Comparative Example 2, Example 6 and Comparative Example 3, Example 7 and Comparative Example 4, Example 8 and Comparative Example 5, and Example 10 in Table 1 As compared with Comparative Example 6, by adding an enzyme belonging to the tannase family to an activity of 0.1 to 60 kU / g, the bitter taste and bran smell of flour are reduced, and softness and elasticity are improved. Some texture was improved.
- Example 11-13 The flour composition obtained in Example 3 was used as it was as the flour compositions of Examples 11-13.
- Comparative Example 7 The flour composition obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as the flour composition of Comparative Example 7 as it was.
- the flour compositions of Examples 11 to 13 and the flour composition of Comparative Example 7 were subjected to the following noodle-making evaluation.
- 1 part by mass of salt and 40 parts by mass of water were added to 100 parts by mass of cereal flour of the cereal flour composition, and mixed at a low speed for 5 minutes with a mixer (manufactured by Hobart).
- the obtained minced noodle dough was put together by a noodle-making roll, combined, rolled, and made into noodle strings having a thickness of 3 mm and a width of 4 mm.
- the obtained noodle strings were aged at 25° C. for the time shown in Table 2.
- the obtained noodle strings were boiled for 11 minutes and cooled with cold water.
- the obtained noodles were evaluated for acrid taste and bran smell according to the above evaluation criteria, and texture (softness/stickiness) was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example 11 and Comparative Example 7 in Table 2 As compared with Example 11 and Comparative Example 7 in Table 2, by adding an enzyme belonging to the tannase family to an activity of 0.1 to 60 kU / g, even during noodle making, the harsh taste of flour, The bran odor was suppressed, and the softness and stickiness were improved.
- Example 14 The flour composition obtained in Example 3 was used as the flour composition of Example 14 as it was.
- Comparative Example 8 The flour composition obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as the flour composition of Comparative Example 8 as it was.
- Example 14 and the flour composition of Comparative Example 8 were subjected to the following confectionery evaluation.
- Evaluation 3 Confectionery (pancake)
- 40 g and 30 g of water were added, and the mixture was hand-mixed with a whipper at 120 rpm for 1 minute, allowed to rest for 10 minutes, and baked at 180° C. for 3 minutes on the front and 2 minutes on the back.
- the baked product was allowed to cool at 27° C. for 30 minutes.
- the resulting pancakes were used for the following evaluations.
- the obtained pancakes were evaluated for acrid taste and bran smell according to the above evaluation criteria, and texture (softness/elasticity) was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 14 and Comparative Example 8 in Table 3 As compared with Example 14 and Comparative Example 8 in Table 3, by using a flour composition having an enzyme belonging to the tannase family and an activity of 0.1 to 60 kU / g, even in pancakes, The taste and bran smell were suppressed, and the softness and elasticity were improved.
- the feel of the dough was evaluated in terms of extensibility and elasticity during rounding and molding according to the following criteria. Table 4 shows the results. (Texture feel) 1: Extensibility and elasticity are poor. 2: Slightly poor extensibility and elasticity. 3: Extensible and elastic. 4: Slightly rich in extensibility and elasticity. 5: Rich in extensibility and elasticity.
- Example 15-18 The same tannase no. 1 was added in the amount shown in Table 5 on a mass basis and mixed. The enzymatic activity of the obtained flour composition was measured by the method described above. Table 5 shows the results.
- Comparative Example 9 In Comparative Example 9, no enzyme was added to wheat flour, and wheat flour (trade name “Million”, Nisshin Flour Milling) was directly used as a flour composition.
- the flour compositions of Examples 15 to 18 and Comparative Example 9 were each subjected to the bread-making process described in [Evaluation 1: Bread-making] above to obtain bread.
- the texture of the obtained bread was evaluated according to the criteria of evaluation 1 above, and the dough texture at the time of production was evaluated according to the criteria of evaluation 4 above.
- the volume (cc) of the bread was measured 2 hours after production. Table 5 shows the results.
- a flour composition was prepared according to the composition shown in Table 6 below (the unit of composition is parts by mass).
- wheat flour is Aution (Nissin Flour Milling, ash content 0.52% by mass)
- buckwheat flour is Kameju H (Nikku Flour Milling Co., Ltd., ash content 1.8% by mass)
- wheat bran is SF bran (Nissin Milled flour, ash content 6.0% by mass)
- wheat gluten was A-Glu G (Glico Nutrition Foods Co., Ltd., ash content 0.7% by mass).
- a flour composition was prepared according to the composition shown in Table 7 below (the unit of composition is parts by mass).
- durum semolina is durum wheat semolina (Leone G: Nisshin Flour Milling, ash content 0.72% by mass)
- wheat bran is the one used in the examples in Table 6
- wheat gluten is WEIPRO (Sunbright, ash content 1 .0% by mass) were used, respectively.
- 27 parts by mass of water was added to 100 parts by mass of the obtained flour composition, and the mixture was mixed for 8 minutes with a mixer. Vacuum noodle strings were extruded within 15 minutes using a pasta molding machine MAC30 manufactured by ITALPAST, and rapidly frozen after extrusion.
- a flour composition was prepared by mixing whole wheat flour, tannase (examples only), granulated sugar, and baking powder with the composition shown in Table 8 below (the unit of composition is parts by mass), and the other components shown in Table 8. was added and mixed using a beater by stirring at low speed for 2 minutes and high speed for 2 minutes. The kneading temperature was 25°C.
- the resulting dough was molded with a donut manufacturing apparatus, and a plunger cutter was used to form a ring-shaped doughnut having an inner diameter of 41 mm (dough weight per doughnut: 30 g). The dough was fried for 1 minute at 180°C, turned over and fried for a further 1 minute.
- the ingredients for the main kneading add flour, enzyme (example only), salt, white sugar and skim milk powder and a flour composition and oil to the medium dough, and add other ingredients,
- the mixture was kneaded for 10 minutes at low speed, 5 minutes at medium low speed, and 1 to 2 minutes at medium high speed (kneading temperature 27° C.).
- the bread dough thus obtained is fermented for 20 hours under conditions of a temperature of 27° C. and a relative humidity of 75%, divided into 250 g pieces, molded and packed, and fermented at 38° C. and a relative humidity of 85% for 50 minutes, It was baked at 230° C. for 40 minutes.
- Table 9 shows the results.
- the whole wheat flour and gluten used in the examples in Table 1 were used.
- Wheat bran used "Wheat bran MP" (Fresh Food Service, 5.9% by mass of ash).
- Wheat flour used as Wheat Flour 1 in Examples in Table 1 was used.
- "C anti-S” Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- Regular yeast Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- MM-100 Rosin Vitamin
- Example 16 The materials shown in Table 11 below (the unit of composition is parts by mass) were mixed and mixed at a low speed for 5 minutes and then at a medium and low speed for 2 minutes (kneading temperature: 24°C). Fermentation was carried out at 27° C. and 75% relative humidity for 60 minutes to obtain a medium dough. Furthermore, a mixture of cereal flour and enzyme (examples only) among the ingredients for the main kneading is added to the medium dough as a cereal flour composition, and other ingredients are added for 10 minutes at low speed, 10 minutes at medium low speed, medium The mixture was kneaded at high speed for 1 to 3 minutes (kneading temperature 25°C).
- the meat bun dough thus obtained was divided into 65 g portions, shaped, filled with ingredients, fermented at 50°C and 40% relative humidity for 40 minutes, and steamed at 100°C.
- the meat buns thus obtained were evaluated according to the same criteria as in Table 9 above.
- Table 11 shows the results.
- Wheat flour (Camellia) is Nisshin Flour Milling's product name "Camellia” and has an ash content of 0.37% by mass.
- Wheat flour (flour) is Nisshin Flour Milling brand name “Flower” and has an ash content of 0.44% by mass.
- the wheat bran used in the examples in Table 1 was used.
- "C Anti-S” (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was used as the dough improver, and the same yeast and emulsifier as those used in Examples in Table 9 were used.
- Comparative Example 17, Example 31 To 100 parts by mass of whole wheat flour (manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., product name "Super Fine Hard”), 140 parts by mass of water, 1 part by mass of salt, and an enzyme belonging to the tannase family (examples only) were added in the test area. Add according to the amount and knead to obtain a fluid dough, bake the fluid dough on the drum surface using a drum type baking machine, and make a spring roll skin with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.55 mm. manufactured. In both Comparative Example 17 and Example 31, the dough had some brittleness or stickiness during baking of the fluid dough in the step of forming the noodle skin, but there was no particular problem with workability.
- Spring rolls were produced using the spring roll skins obtained in Comparative Example 17 and Example 31. Specifically, the spring roll skin is cut into 190 mm ⁇ 190 mm, pre-cooked ingredients are placed on the cut spring roll skin, rolled up to obtain a fried spring roll, and the fried spring roll is -40. After completely freezing at °C, it was stored frozen at -20°C. After that, the frozen spring rolls were fried in salad oil at 170 to 180° C. and subjected to a texture sensory test immediately after frying. The texture sensory test was carried out by having 10 panelists evaluate the harsh taste and bran smell when eating spring rolls, respectively, based on the above evaluation criteria. The evaluation results (average score of 10 panelists) are shown in Table 12 below.
- a grain flour composition was prepared by mixing the mixed flour and tannase (Examples only) among the materials shown in Table 14 (the unit of composition is parts by mass). Next, the ingredients other than the oils and fats were mixed and mixed at low speed for 3 minutes, medium speed for 9 minutes, and high speed for 4 minutes. ). After being divided into 50 g portions, the mixture was bench-timed for 20 minutes at room temperature, roll-molded, and fermented at 35° C., 85% relative humidity for 65 minutes. Then, it was baked at 210° C. for 8 minutes. The obtained bread was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 14. “4LCB-2” (Nissin Seifun premix, ash content 2.8% by mass) was used as the mixed flour containing soybean flour. The ash content of the soy flour was 5.2% by mass.
- the present invention can provide a cereal flour composition that can reduce the harshness caused by cereal flour and the odor caused by seed coats when used in dough foods such as noodles or bakery foods.
- the present invention also provides a grain flour composition that, when used in dough foods such as noodles or bakery foods, can improve the extensibility and/or elasticity of the dough, or provide a soft, elastic or sticky texture. can.
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Abstract
Description
また特許文献3には、植物性材料からフェルラ酸を遊離させるための酵素製剤であって、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ活性を有する酵素と、アラビノフラシダーゼ及びキシラナーゼから選ばれる少なくとも1種の酵素とを含有する酵素製剤が記載されている。
一方、タンナーゼについて、特許文献4に口腔用組成物に用いる事が記載されている。
また、パンや菓子などのベーカリー食品や麺類では、生地の伸展性及び/又は弾力や、ソフトで弾力又は粘りのある食感が求められる場合がある。
これに対し、特許文献1~4は前記の課題を考慮したものではない。
(1)麺やベーカリー食品等の生地食品に用いた場合、穀粉類に起因したえぐ味や臭いが軽減される、穀粉組成物。
(2)麺やベーカリー食品等の生地食品に用いた場合、生地の伸展性及び/又は弾力を向上させたり、ソフトで弾力又は粘りのある食感を向上させることができる穀粉組成物。
本発明は、穀粉類と、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素を含有し、穀粉類1g当たりのタンナーゼの活性が0.1kU/g以上60kU/g以下である、穀粉組成物を提供するものである。
また本発明の穀粉組成物は、穀粉類1g当たり60kU/g以下のタンナーゼ活性を有することで、当該穀粉組成物を用いた生地食品において、比較的灰分が多い穀粉類のえぐ味や、ブラン臭の低減及び弾力性及び/又は伸展性のある生地物性やソフトで弾力又は粘りが良好な食感の効果を十分に得つつ、製品の価格を抑えることができる。この観点から、穀粉組成物におけるタンナーゼ活性は穀粉類1g当たり0.1kU/g以上、60kU/g以下が好ましく、0.3kU/g以上、13kU/g以下がより好ましく、0.7kU/g以上、6.0kU/g以下であることが特に好ましい。
<タンナーゼ活性測定法>
Deschampsの方法( J.Ferment.Technol.61 [1] 55-59, 1983) を改変し、穀粉組成物のタンナーゼ活性を測定する。
(1)タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素を混合した小麦粉0.5gを50mMクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)10mlに分散させ、30分、125rpm37℃にて抽出し、4700rpm10分で遠心して上清を得る。
(2)得られた上清0.5mlを1質量%タンニン酸(Tannic acid, ACS Reagent 〔SIGMA〕)を含む50mMクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)0.5mLに添加して、37℃、30分間インキュベートした後、2質量%BSAを含む0.2M酢酸緩衝液(pH5.0)を添加して反応停止後、氷中にて20分間静置し、3,000rpm、20分間遠心して上清を採取し、適宜希釈して波長260nmにおける吸光度を測定する。
(3)ブランクとして、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素を未添加の小麦粉0.5gに対しても前記と(1)及び(2)と同様の処理をして得た液について吸光度を測定する。(4)(2)におけるサンプルの吸光度から(3)で得たブランクである小麦粉での吸光度の値を減じ、各サンプルの吸光度とする。没食子酸を用いて検量線を作成し、1分間に1μモルの没食子酸を遊離する酵素量を1単位とする。活性測定は3連で行い、平均値を求める。
また、本発明の穀粉組成物は、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素をアムラーの酵素処理物として含有するものでないことが好ましい。更に本発明の穀粉組成物は、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素を、茶若しくは茶抽出物の酵素処理物又はバニラ豆若しくはバニラ豆抽出物の酵素処理物として含有するものでないことも好ましい。
また、本発明の穀粉組成物は、酵素活性が損なわれていない生茶葉又はその処理物と、穀粉とを混合する工程を経て得られたものでないことが好ましい。生茶葉の処理物は、生茶葉をそのままあるいは水存在下で破砕した生茶葉破砕物、これをスラリー状に調製したスラリー状調製物、又はこれを固液分離して得られた茶葉抽出液と茶葉抽出残渣のうち、(1)生茶葉破砕物、(2)スラリー状調製物、(3)茶葉抽出液及び茶葉抽出残渣、(4)茶葉抽出残渣、(5)茶葉抽出液及び酵素失活処理した茶葉抽出残渣、(6)茶葉抽出液、及び(7)酵素失活処理した茶葉抽出液及び茶葉抽出残渣からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種が挙げられる。
穀粉としては、薄力粉、中力粉、強力粉、デュラム小麦粉等の小麦粉、そば粉、米粉、コーンフラワー、大麦粉、ライ麦粉、ハト麦粉、燕麦、ひえ粉、あわ粉、大豆粉及びこれらの穀物粒の全粒粉等が挙げられる。
また穀粉類が穀粉として、小麦以外の穀類の穀粉を用いる場合、小麦以外の穀類の穀粉の量が、穀粉類中、20質量%以上であってもよく、50質量%以上である場合もあり、70質量%以上である場合もあり、特に80質量%以上である場合もある。
特に穀粉として、小麦以外の穀物の穀粉を用いる場合は、その質量比(小麦以外の穀物の穀粉:穀粉由来蛋白質)が100:2~40であることが好ましく、100:5~10であることがより好ましい。
ここでいう全粒粉として、本発明では、上述した各種穀物粒の全粒粉をいずれも用いることができるが、特に、小麦全粒粉、玄米粉、大麦全粒粉、ライ麦全粒粉等が加工品の品質の点で好適にあげられる。とりわけ、本発明では、小麦全粒粉を用いることが、本発明を適用しない場合にえぐ味を感じやすいことに起因してえぐ味改善の効果を得やすい点で好ましい。
食品用生地としては、ベーカリー食品用生地、麺生地、揚げ物の衣用の生地が挙げられる。食品用生地を用いた生地食品の例としては、ベーカリー食品、麺類が挙げられる。
穀粉類として、小麦全粒粉(商品名「スーパーファイン・ハード」:日清製粉製、灰分1.5質量%)を用いた。タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素としては天野エンザイム社製タンナーゼ(商品名「タンナーゼ-KTFHR」、タンナーゼNo.1)を用いた。前記タンナーゼを小麦全粒粉に対し、質量基準にて10ppmの量で混合し、穀粉組成物を調製した。穀粉組成物のタンナーゼの活性は、前記方法で調べた表1記載の量であった。なお表1に記載の「割合(%)」は、穀粉類の合計量における質量比を示す(表2~5についても同様である)。
穀粉類を表1に記載のものに変更し、また穀粉類の合計量に対するタンナーゼの添加量を表1の記載の量に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、穀粉組成物を調製した。前記方法で調べた穀粉組成物のタンナーゼの活性を併せて表1に示す。
なお、実施例5~8、10で用いた穀粉類の詳細は以下の通りである。
・ライ麦全粒粉:商品名「アーレファイン」、フレッシュ・フード・サービス、灰分1.5質量%
・小麦粉1:商品名「ミリオン」、日清製粉、灰分0.4質量%
・小麦粉2:原料を強力小麦とし、ビューラー社製テストミルにて、収率850‰で製粉し、灰分が0.75質量%の小麦粉を調製し、これを小麦粉2として用いた。
・小麦ブラン:商品名「ウィートブランM」、フレッシュ・フード・サービス、灰分5.9質量%
・小麦グルテン:商品名「スーパーグル85H」、日本コロイド、灰分1.2質量%
・大麦全粒粉:商品名「大麦粉」、はくばく、灰分1.7質量%
・玄米粉:商品名「玄米粉」、みたけ食品、灰分1.2質量%
タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素として、タンナーゼNo.1の代わりに、三菱ケミカルフーズ(株)社製タンナーゼ(商品名「タンナーゼ」、表1に記載のタンナーゼNo.2)を用い、小麦全粒粉に対し、表1に記載の量混合した。その点以外は実施例1と同様にして、穀粉組成物を調製した。
比較例1~6は、酵素を穀粉類に混合せず、表1に記載の穀粉類そのものを比較例の穀粉組成物とした。なお、表1の穀粉類は、それぞれ実施例1、5~8、10で用いたものと同じである。
〔評価1:食パン〕
市販の製パン用ミキサー(株式会社ダルトン製、万能混合機 型式5DM-03-r)におけるミキシングボウルに評価対象の穀粉組成物を穀粉類基準で320g投入するとともに、食塩8gと、砂糖32gと、生イースト(オリエンタル酵母工業製「オリエンタルイースト」)9.2gと、生地物性が適正となる量の水190~260g程度を投入し、ミキシング工程を実施してパン生地を調製した。具体的には低速で4分間ミキシングを行った後、高速で2分間ミキシングを行い、さらに、16gの油脂を添加して低速で4分間ミキシングを行った後、高速で1分間混捏した(捏上温度27℃)。こうして得られたパン生地を、温度27℃、相対湿度75%の条件下で1時間発酵させた後、450gに分割して、ベンチタイムを30分間とった後、パン生地を棒状にして食パン型に詰めた。そして、ホイロ(温度38℃、相対湿度85%の雰囲気下)を60分間行った後、温度200℃で30分間焼成して食パンを得た。
(えぐ味)
1:非常に強くえぐ味を感じる。
2:えぐ味を感じる。
3:ややえぐ味を感じる。
4:わずかにえぐ味を感じる。
5:えぐ味を感じない。
1:ブラン臭を非常に強く感じる。
2:ブラン臭を感じる。
3:ややブラン臭を感じる。
4:わずかにブラン臭を感じる。
5:ブラン臭を感じない。
1:硬く、弾力がない。
2:やや硬く、やや弾力がない。
3:ややソフトであり、やや弾力がある。
4:ソフトで、弾力がある。
5:非常にソフトで、非常に弾力がある。
実施例3で得られた穀粉組成物をそのままこれら実施例11~13の穀粉組成物として用いた。
比較例1で得られた穀粉組成物をそのまま比較例7の穀粉組成物として用いた。
〔評価2:麺〕
試験対象の穀粉組成物に、当該穀粉組成物の穀粉類100質量部に対し、食塩1質量部と水40質量部を加え、ミキサー(ホバート製)にて低速5分で混合した。得られたそぼろ状の麺生地を製麺ロールにてまとめ、複合、圧延、製麺し、厚さ3mm幅4mmの麺線とした。得られた麺線について、25℃にて表2に記載の時間、熟成を行った。得られた麺線を11分間茹で、冷水にて冷却した。得られた麺について、えぐ味とブラン臭を前記評価基準で評価したほか、食感(ソフト性・粘り)を下記評価基準で評価した。結果を表2に示す。
1:硬く、脆い。
2:やや硬く、やや脆い。
3:ややソフト、やや粘りがある。
4:ソフトで、粘りがある。
5:非常にソフトで、非常に粘りがある。
実施例3で得られた穀粉組成物をそのまま実施例14の穀粉組成物として用いた。
比較例1で得られた穀粉組成物をそのまま比較例8の穀粉組成物として用いた。
〔評価3:菓子(パンケーキ)〕
評価対象の穀粉組成物(穀粉(穀粉類)量として50g)に、上白糖12.5g、ベーキングパウダー2.5gを混合後、ボウル内で、液体原料として、サラダ油5g、全卵液15g、牛乳40g、水30gを加え、ホイッパーを用い、ハンドミキシングにて1分120prmで撹拌後、10分間寝かし、180℃表3分裏2分で焼成した。焼成物を27℃30分放冷した。得られたパンケーキについて、以下の評価に用いた。得られたパンケーキについて、えぐ味とブラン臭を前記評価基準で評価したほか、食感(ソフト性・弾力性)を下記評価基準で評価した。結果を表3に示す。
1:硬く、弾力がない。
2:やや硬く、やや弾力がない。
3:ややソフトで、やや弾力がある。
4:ソフトで、弾力がある。
5:非常にソフトで、非常に弾力がある。
実施例1~4及び比較例1の穀粉組成物をそれぞれ、前記〔評価1:製パン〕に記載の手順の製パン工程に供し、食パンを得た。得られた食パンについて、下記基準にて製造時の生地感を評価した。また製造から2時間後の食パンの体積(cc)を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
(生地感)
1:伸展性及び弾力が乏しい。
2:伸展性及び弾力がやや乏しい。
3:伸展性及び弾力がある。
4:伸展性及び弾力にやや富む。
5:伸展性及び弾力に富む。
小麦粉(商品名「ミリオン」、日清製粉)に対し、実施例1で用いたものと同じタンナーゼNo.1を表5に記載の量、質量基準で添加し、混合した。得られた穀粉組成物の酵素活性について前記の方法で測定した。結果を表5に示す。
比較例9では、小麦粉に酵素を添加せず、小麦粉(商品名「ミリオン」、日清製粉)をそのまま穀粉組成物とした。
下記表6の組成(組成の単位は質量部)にて、穀粉組成物を調製した。表6中、小麦粉はオ―ション(日清製粉、灰分0.52質量%)、そば粉は亀寿H(日穀製粉株式会社、灰分1.8質量%)、小麦ブランはSFブラン(日清製粉、灰分6.0質量%)、小麦グルテンはA-グルG(グリコ栄養食品株式会社、灰分0.7質量%)をそれぞれ用いた。得られた穀粉組成物100質量部に対して38質量部の5質量%食塩水を加え、ミキサーで低速にて5分間ミキシングしてそぼろ状の生地を得た。得られた生地をロールに通して麺帯を得たのち、複合、圧延後、16角の切り刃にて切り出し厚み1.28mmに切り出した。得られた麺を乾燥機にて約35℃で10時間乾燥させて乾麺を得た。
乾麺50gを1Lの湯で7分ゆで、流水にて1分間水冷後、水を切り3人のパネラーにより試食し、下記評価基準にて、ブラン臭(ふすまの臭さ)を上記評価基準で評価したほか、喫食時の口腔内に感じるざらつきの感覚について下記評価基準で評価した。なお麺つゆなどはつけなかった。評価点の平均値を表6に示す。
1点:ざらつきを非常に強く感じる。
2点:ざらつきを感じる。
3点:あまりざらつきを感じない。
4点:ほとんどざらつきを感じない。
5点:ざらつきを感じない。
下記表7の組成(組成の単位は質量部)にて、穀粉組成物を調製した。表7中、デュラムセモリナは、デュラム小麦セモリナ(レオーネG:日清製粉、灰分0.72質量%)、小麦ブランは表6の実施例で用いたもの、小麦グルテンはWEIPRO(サンブライト、灰分1.0質量%)をそれぞれ用いた。得られた穀粉組成物100質量部に対して27質量部の水を加え、ミキサーにて8分混合した。15分以内にITALPAST社製パスタ成型機MAC30にて真空麺線を押出し、押出後急速凍結した。解凍後対粉歩留まり225%まで茹で、水冷後、急速凍結した。
電子レンジで加熱して解凍した後、上記評価基準にてブラン臭とえぐ味を5人のパネラーにて評価したほか、下記評価基準にて(食感(ソフト性・弾力性))評価を実施した。結果を表7に示す。
1:硬く、弾力がない。
2:やや硬く、やや弾力がない。
3:ややソフトであり、やや弾力がある。
4:ソフトで、弾力がある。
5:非常にソフトで、非常に弾力がある。
下記表8の組成(組成の単位は質量部)にて、小麦全粒粉、タンナーゼ(実施例のみ)、グラニュー糖、ベーキングパウダーを混合して穀粉組成物を調製し、これに表8の他の成分を添加して、ビーターを用い、低速2分、高速2分で撹拌して、ミキシングを行った。捏ね上げ温度は25℃であった。得られた生地はドーナツ製造装置にて成形し、プランジャーカッターを使用して、内側の径が41mmのリング型ドーナツ生地(1個あたりの生地重量30g)とした。生地を180℃で1分フライし、反転させ、更に1分フライした。なお、小麦全粒粉としてスーパーファイン・ソフト(日清製粉、灰分1.5質量%)を用いた。
得られたドーナツについて、油調から24時間後に、上記評価基準にてえぐ味及びブラン臭を評価した。結果を表8に示す。
下記表9に記載の組成(組成の単位は質量部)の中捏の材料を混合し、低速で7分間、中低速で1-2分間ミキシングを行った(捏上温度24℃)。27℃、相対湿度75%で4時間発酵させて中種生地を得た。更に、中種生地に本捏の材料のうち穀粉類、酵素(実施例のみ)、食塩、上白糖及び脱脂粉乳の混合物である穀粉組成物と油脂を添加し、更にその他の成分を添加し、低速で10分間、中低速で5分間、中高速で1~2分間混捏した(捏上温度27℃)。こうして得られたパン生地を、温度27℃、相対湿度75%の条件下で20時間発酵させた後、250gに分割し、成形、型詰めし、38℃、相対湿度85%で50分発酵させ、230℃で40分焼成した。
得られたパンを焼成後24時間後にえぐ味及びブラン臭を上記評価基準にて5人のパネラーにより評価したほか、以下の基準で製造時の生地感を評価した。結果を表9に示す。
なお、小麦全粒粉及びグルテンは表1の実施例で用いたものを用いた。小麦ブランは「ウィートブランMP」(フレッシュ・フード・サービス、灰分5.9質量%)を用いた。
小麦粉は表1の実施例で小麦粉1として用いたものを用いた。生地改良剤は「CアンティS」(オリエンタル酵母工業)を用いた。イーストはレギュラーイースト(オリエンタル酵母工業)、乳化剤は「MM-100」(理研ビタミン)を用いた。
1:伸展性・弾力が乏しい。
2:伸展性・弾力がやや乏しい。
3:伸展性・弾力がある。
4:伸展性・弾力にやや富む。
5:伸展性・弾力に富む。
下記表10の組成(組成の単位は質量部)のうち、穀粉類とタンナーゼNo.1(実施例のみ)を混合して穀粉組成物を調製し、次いでその他の成分を添加して、低速7分、中低速7分、中高速1-3分でミキシングした。捏上温度は24℃であった。10分発酵させ、200gに分割、4℃でベンチタイムを8-12時間とった後、直径28cmまで円形に伸ばした。その上に具材をトッピング後、450℃で1分30秒焼成した。焼成後1時間後のピザについて上記表9の例と同様の評価基準にてえぐ味、ブラン臭、生地感を評価した。結果を表10に示す。尚、下記の表10にてフランスパン専用粉は「リスドオル」(日清製粉、灰分0.45質量%)を用い、その他の材料は表9の実施例と同様である。
下記表11の中捏の材料(組成の単位は質量部)を混合し、低速で5分間、中低速で2分間ミキシングを行った(捏上温度24℃)。27℃、相対湿度75%で60分発酵させて中種生地を得た。更に、中種生地に本捏の材料のうち穀粉類と酵素(実施例のみ)の混合物を穀粉組成物として添加するとともにその他の成分を添加して低速で10分間、中低速で10分間、中高速で1~3分間混捏した(捏上温度25℃)。こうして得られた肉まん生地を、65gに分割し、成形し、具を入れて、50℃、相対湿度40%で40分発酵させ、100℃で蒸した。
得られた肉まんを上記表9と同様の基準にて評価した。結果を表11に示す。なお小麦粉(カメリア)は日清製粉製商品名「カメリア」であり、灰分0.37質量%である。小麦粉(フラワー)は日清製粉製商品名「フラワー」であり、灰分0.44質量%である。小麦ブランは表1の実施例で用いたものを用いた。生地改良剤は「CアンティS」(オリエンタル酵母工業)、イースト、乳化剤は表9の実施例で用いたものを用いた。
小麦全粒粉(日清製粉株式会社製、商品名「スーパーファイン・ハード」)100質量部に対し、水140質量部、食塩1質量部、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素(実施例のみ)を試験区記載添加量に応じて加えて混捏して流動状生地を得、該流動状生地を、ドラム型焼成機を用いてそのドラム面上で焼成し、厚さ0.5~0.55mmの春巻皮を製造した。
尚、前記比較例17及び実施例31の何れにおいても、麺皮化工程における流動状生地の焼成時において、該生地に脆さ又はベタつきが多少はあったものの、作業性に特に問題は無かった。
比較例17及び実施例31で得られた春巻皮を用いて春巻きを製造した。具体的には、春巻皮を190mm×190mmにカットし、カットした春巻皮の上に予め調理しておいた具材を載せ、巻き上げて揚げ用春巻きを得、その揚げ用春巻きを-40℃で完全に冷凍した後、-20℃で冷凍保存した。その後、その冷凍春巻きを170~180℃のサラダ油で油ちょうして、油ちょう後速やかに食感官能試験に供した。食感官能試験は、10名のパネラーに、春巻きを食した際のえぐ味及びブラン臭をそれぞれ上記評価基準に基づき評価してもらうことによって実施した。その評価結果(パネラー10名の平均点)を下記表12に示す。
小麦全粒粉(日清製粉株式会社製、商品名「スーパーファイン ハード」)100質量部に対し、食塩1質量部および水(水温10~15℃)35質量部、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素(実施例のみ)を試験区記載添加量に応じて加えて混合して、室温下に縦型ミキサーを用いて低速で10分間混捏して餃子用皮の生地を調製した。
上記で得られた生地を圧延して、厚さ約0.9mm、直径約90mmの餃子用皮を製造した。
餃子具材を製造した餃子用皮の上に餃子用皮1枚につき約15gの量で載せ、常法に従って具材を皮で包み込んで生餃子をつくった。
フライパンに油をひき餃子を並べ、餃子1個あたり20gの水を入れた状態で蓋をして蒸し焼きにした。7~8分程焼き、ふたを開けて水を飛ばし、油を回し入れて焼き目を付けた。
焼成から30分後の餃子について10人の専門パネラーにて上記基準にてえぐ味、ブラン臭を評価した。評価点の平均値を表13に示す。
表14の材料(組成の単位は質量部)のうちミックス粉及びタンナーゼ(実施例のみ)を混合した穀粉組成物を調製した。次いで油脂以外の他の成分を混合して低速3分、中速9分、高速4分でミキシングし、油脂を添加後、中速5分、高速5分で更にミキシングした(捏上温度27℃)。50gに分割後、室温、20分のベンチタイムをとり、ロール成型した後、35℃、相対湿度85%、65分で発酵させた。次いで210℃、8分で焼成した。得られたパンを以下の評価基準にて評価した。結果を表14に示す。大豆粉含有ミックス粉としては、「4LCB-2」(日清製粉プレミックス、灰分2.8質量%)を用いた。なお、大豆粉の灰分は5.2質量%であった。
1点:弾力が非常に強く、伸びない。
2点:弾力があり、伸びない。
3点:弾力はあるが、やや伸びる。
4点:やや弾力はあるが、伸びる。
5点:弾力がなく、伸びが良い。
(えぐ味)
1点:えぐ味が非常に強い。
2点:えぐ味が強い。
3点:えぐ味がやや強い。
4点:えぐ味が少ない。
5点:えぐ味がない。
また本発明は、麺又はベーカリー食品等の生地食品に用いた場合、生地の伸展性及び/又は弾力を向上させたり、ソフトで弾力又は粘りのある食感を得ることができる穀粉組成物を提供できる。
Claims (5)
- 穀粉類と、タンナーゼファミリーに属する酵素を含有し、穀粉類1g当たりのタンナーゼの活性が0.1kU/g以上60kU/g以下である、穀粉組成物。
- 穀粉類の合計量に対し、前記酵素を質量基準で10ppm以上10000ppm以下含有する、請求項1に記載の穀粉組成物。
- 前記穀粉類は、全粒粉、ブラン、及び全粒粉以外の灰分0.7質量%以上の穀粉から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項1又は2記載の穀粉組成物。
- 前記穀粉類の灰分が0.5質量%以上である、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の穀粉組成物。
- 請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の穀粉組成物を用いた生地食品。
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CN108936259A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州省萌春茶业有限责任公司 | 一种红茶小麦粉及其制备方法 |
JP2022143586A (ja) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-10-03 | 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 | 食品用生地及び生地食品 |
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CN108936259A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州省萌春茶业有限责任公司 | 一种红茶小麦粉及其制备方法 |
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DE LIMA FABÍOLA ALIAGA, MARTINS ISABELA MATEUS, FARIA ANA, CALHAU CONCEIÇÃO, AZEVEDO JOANA, FERNANDES IVA, MATEUS NUNO, MACEDO GAB: "Influence of rye flour enzymatic biotransformation on the antioxidant capacity and transepithelial transport of phenolic acids", FOOD & FUNCTION, R S C PUBLICATIONS, GB, vol. 9, no. 3, 1 January 2018 (2018-01-01), GB , pages 1889 - 1898, XP093083798, ISSN: 2042-6496, DOI: 10.1039/C7FO01645J * |
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